JPH0335604B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a slope measurement method, and is particularly suitable for measuring the verticality of vertical holes excavated underground, pipes, steel columns, etc. buried underground. It is related to.

In civil engineering and construction work, it is necessary to carry out excavations with high accuracy when installing cast-in-place concrete piles and excavating vertical holes for continuous underground wall construction.
Particularly in recent years, as construction machinery has become larger and more sophisticated, it has become possible to drill with large diameters and at ultra-deep depths, requiring even greater precision. It is often necessary to make modifications.

Conventionally, a common method for measuring verticality to check whether the direction of a vertical hole during excavation is correct is to use a device that combines a precision inclinometer and a depth meter at the bit or bucket position of the excavator. established,
The cable of the device was attached to a drill pipe, pulled out to the ground, and connected to an instrument panel, and the verticality of the vertical hole was calculated based on the measured values of the inclination angle and depth read from the instrument panel.

However, according to the above measurement method, devices such as precision inclinometers must be installed on the tip side of the excavator, which is subject to vibrations and shocks, which causes many failures and makes it difficult to perform highly accurate measurements. In addition, since the precision inclinometer and cables were in muddy water, there were drawbacks such as failures unless reliable waterproofing measures were taken.

In addition, various methods and devices other than those mentioned above have been proposed and implemented, but they are difficult to install and measure frequently, can be used for specific construction methods, but lack versatility, and so on, none of them are fully satisfactory. The current situation is that there is no such thing. Therefore, the present invention improves the above-mentioned drawbacks of the conventional type, and is capable of quickly performing high-precision measurements without being affected by vibrations, shocks, or muddy water. It is a slope measurement method that can be used for general purposes.
In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for measuring inclination, which allows correct measurement while correcting the deviation of the measuring unit itself even when the measuring unit itself is installed in an inclined manner.

First, before describing specific embodiments, the basic principle will be explained using an example of measuring the verticality of vertical hole excavation.

FIG. 1 shows the measurement mode at the entrance of the vertical hole, which is the first measurement point, and FIG. 2 shows the measurement mode at the bottom of the vertical hole, which is the second measurement point.

In the figure, H is the vertical hole that was excavated, G is the guide wall, KD is the drilling tool such as a bit or bucket installed at the tip of the excavator, KB is the rod of the excavator that moves the attached drilling tool up and down, and KP is the rod that guides the rod. The guide pipe of the excavator, A is a slope measurement unit attached to the guide pipe, and 3 is a line whose tip is connected to the connecting part of the excavator and the rod, and is fed out from the slope measurement unit as the rod moves up and down. strip material,
V indicates the vertical direction, and CL indicates the vertical reference line of the guide wall G.

Further, the symbols for angles, dimensions, etc. to indicate the positional relationships of the above-mentioned parts will be explained.

θ ₀ , θ ₁ : The angle of inclination between the wire material 3 and the vertical line V, which is calculated using the formula (γ-α) from the measured values γ and α.

α ₀ , α ₁ : These are the inclination angles formed by the inclinometer side unit A and the vertical line V, and are measured by the inclination measurement unit.

β ₀ , β ₁ : Inclination angle between the excavation tool KD and the vertical line V γ ₀ , γ ₁ : Inclination angle formed by the inclination measurement unit A and the wire material 3, which can be measured by the inclination measurement unit. be called.

La: Fixed pulley 9 that feeds out the line material 3 on the center line of the guide wall G and in the inclination measuring unit A
This is the width dimension between the two, and once set, this value is always constant.

Lb: Rod KB and drilling tool KD with wire material 3 connected
This is the length from the connecting part to the tip of the excavating tool, and this value is always constant once set.

Lc: Width dimension from the axis of the joint between the rod KB and the excavator KD to the connection point of the wire material 3, and this value is always constant once set.

Do: The height above the ground up to the fixed pulley 9, which is the starting end of the feeding of the wire material 3, at the first measurement point, and this value is always constant once the wire is set.

Dx: This is the excavation depth from the ground level, which is the second measurement point, to the tip of the excavator KD, and the amount of payout of the wire material 3 is measured by the inclination measurement unit.

Therefore, based on the above dimensions and angles, the vertical hole H
is excavated to depth Dx, the center line of guide wall G is
The calculation formula for deriving the deviation X, which is the deviation of the tip of the excavating tool KD with respect to the extension of CL, is shown below.

First, at the first measurement point, A=(γ ₀ -α ₀ )×(D ₀ -Lb)−β ₀ ×Lb+Lc Here, assuming that β ₀ ≒γ ₀ −α ₀ , A=−(γ ₀ − α ₀ )×D ₀ +Lc ……() Next, at the second measurement point, A=X−(γ ₀ −α ₁ )×(D ₀ +Dx−Lb) −β ₁ ×Lb+Lc where β ₁ =γ ₁ −α ₁ , A=X−(γ ₁ −α ₁ )×(D ₀ +Dx)+Lc ……() From the above formula ()(), X=(γ ₁ −α ₁ )×(D ₀ +Dx ) −(γ ₀ −α ₀ )×D ₀ ...() Therefore, as can be understood from the above equation (), first, the drilling tool KD, which is the first measurement point, has slightly entered the guide wall G position. Line material 3 in condition
The inclination angle θ ₀ between the vertical line V and the inclination angle γ ₀ between the measured wire material and the vertical line with the inclination measurement unit A, and the inclination of the vertical line that is the inclination of the inclination measurement unit itself. Calculated from the difference in angle α ₀ , the drilling tool KD is calculated from the feeding position of the wire material 3, which is determined by the mounting position of the rod KP of the inclination measurement unit A.
The deviation in the position of the guide wall G can be obtained by calculating the product with the dimension D ₀ to the tip of the guide wall G.

Next, the wire material 3 and the vertical line V when the drilling tool KD, which is the second measurement point, is located at the bottom of the vertical hole.
Calculate the inclination angle θ ₁ between the two points from the measured values in the same way as at the first measurement point, and also calculate the dimension D ₀ from the ground to the guide wall G and the depth from the position of the guide wall G to the bottom of the vertical hole. The sum of the angles Dx measured by the inclination measurement unit A is calculated, and the deviation at the second measurement point is obtained from the product of the two. Then, from the deviation of the second measurement point above, the first
Next, by subtracting the deviation at the measurement point, the inclination X of the excavated vertical hole (deviation of the bottom of the vertical hole with respect to the vertical line) can be obtained. In this case, the deviation at the first measurement point is corrected at the vertical hole entrance to improve accuracy, and can be omitted if the inclination measurement unit A is installed near the vertical hole entrance. .

Next, an example of the device used in the slope measurement method according to the present invention and the method of measuring slope using the device will be explained in detail. Figs. 3 and 4 show the slope measurement unit. It is a side view and a front view which showed A with a part broken away.

First, the measuring unit A is divided into upper and lower parts, and a torque motor 1 is installed inside the upper box body _A1 , and a strong wire such as fishing line or piano wire is attached to the winding drum 2 attached to the rotating shaft of the motor. The material 3 is connected and wound, and the other end is sent to a communicating lower box body _A2 having a heat insulating material 4 attached to the inner surface.

The lower box body A ₂ is provided with an exhaust cooling fan 5 at the upper side of the side and an intake port 6 at the lower side of the side, and an inclinometer 7 is fixed to the box so that it always swings or otherwise operates integrally with the box. Equipped.

Next, the wire material 3 fed from the winding drum 2 is stretched between a movable pulley 8 and a fixed pulley 9, and is sent out to the outside through an entrance 10 provided on the lower side of the lower box body _A2 .

The movable pulley 8 has two rails 11, 1 that are erected in parallel, with the upper and lower ends supported by the lower box body _A2 , respectively.
By suspending a weight 14 from this support shaft 13, the movable pulley 8 is always pulled downward with a constant tension to prevent slack in the wire material 3. It is designed to prevent

Further, the rotating shaft of a rotary encoder 15 whose main body is fixed to the lower box body _A2 is connected to the support shaft 14 of the fixed pulley 9, and a predetermined number of pulse signals corresponding to the amount of passage of the wire material 3 is generated. It is configured as follows.

Further, on the path of the wire material 3 between the fixed pulley 9 and the entrance/exit 10, a light projector 16 for irradiating parallel light beams such as a laser beam is placed on one side of the wire material, and a light projector 16 is installed on the other side to sandwich the wire material. Opposed light receivers 17 each include an image sensor formed by a large number of integrated phototransistors arranged in a straight line as light receiving elements to receive parallel light beams and generate corresponding electric signals. .

Furthermore, a plunger is installed adjacent to the entrance/exit 10 at the lower end of the lower box A ₂ , and when the wire material 3 is being wound up, a plunger protrudes and brings the brushes attached at the tip into contact with both sides of the wire material, thereby removing the adhering muddy water. A wiping tool 18 for wiping away water, and a water nozzle 20 for injecting water onto the filament 3 via a solenoid valve 19 that similarly opens a flow path during winding are provided. Further, a circuit board P for performing calculations and other signal processing based on the values measured by the inclinometer 7, rotary encoder 15, light receiver 17, etc. is built in the lower box _A2 .

The measurement unit A is attached to the guide pipe KP of the excavation rig K as shown in Fig. 5, and the tip of the wire material 3 fed out from the unit is connected to the rod KB that slides up and down inside the guide pipe. Excavation tool KD such as a bit or bucket attached to its tip
Connect to the connecting part. Although details will be described later, a control unit B for giving control commands to the measurement unit A and displaying measurement results is installed near the operator's seat of the excavation rig K.

Next, FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a circuit configuration for processing measurement signals of the measurement unit A and control unit B.

In the figure, reference numeral 21 is an angle detection circuit, 22 is a counter, 23 is an amplification and A/D conversion circuit, 24 is a microcomputer equipped with memory, arithmetic and decoder circuits, etc., 25 is a display circuit, and 26 is a control circuit. .

Next, the operation and operation will be explained.

First, the excavator K is operated to lower the rod KB, and it is stopped when the tip of the excavator KD reaches the position of the guide wall G provided at the entrance of the vertical hole H, which is the first measurement point. Then, the control circuit 26 is operated, and the counter 22 connected to the rotary encoder 15 is cleared to zero, and the inclination angle γ ₀ of the wire material 3 with respect to the measuring unit A and the inclination angle α ₀ of the measuring unit A itself with respect to the vertical line are determined. Measure each.

The field wire material 3 is arranged between a light receiver 17 equipped with an image sensor formed by photodiodes of about 20 μ in diameter arranged in a straight line, and a light emitter 16 that irradiates the light receiver with a parallel beam of light such as a laser. However, only the part where the passage is blocked by the wire material 3 generates an output signal with a low output signal level, and the output signal is matched by the angle detection circuit 21 which has a built-in comparator etc. The tilt angle γ 0 is converted into an angle signal and stored in the microcomputer 24 as the tilt angle γ ₀ .

On the other hand, the inclination angle α ₀ is a minute analog value, which is the output signal of the inclinometer 7, which is amplified and A/D conversion circuit 2.
3, the data is converted into a digital value of a predetermined level and then stored in the microcomputer 24.

After performing the above measurements, the excavator K is operated again to lower the rod KP, and the tip of the excavator KD is brought into contact with the bottom of the excavated vertical hole H, which is the second measurement point.

During the movement from the first measurement point to the second measurement point, the rotary encoder 15, which is interlocked with the fixed pulley 9 that rotates as the stretched wire material 3 is fed out, sequentially generates pulses. By counting the number of pulses with the counter 22, it is possible to measure the length Dx from the first measurement point where the pulse is cleared to zero. This measured value Dx is input to the microcomputer 24, but the length D ₀ from the starting end of the wire material 3 to the first measurement point is
Since it is a constant value determined by the mounting position of the measurement unit A with respect to the guide pipe KP, the value can be set in the microcomputer 24 in advance.

At the second measurement point, the inclination angle γ ₁ of the wire material with respect to the measurement unit A and the inclination angle α ₁ of the measurement unit A itself with respect to the vertical line are measured in the same manner as the first measurement point, and the microcomputer 24 is input. Microcomputer 2
4, a calculation formula X = (γ ₁ − α ₁ )×(D ₀ +Dx) −(γ ₀ −α ₀ )×D ₀ for calculating the deviation X is preprogrammed, and each of the above Since measured values are given, calculations can be processed quickly. The results of this calculation are then transmitted to the operator of the drilling rig K through a display device 25 such as a printer or display installed in the control unit B, and the operator determines whether the inclination of the vertical hole H being excavated is good or not, and makes angle corrections as necessary. Measures can be taken promptly.

In this way, the desired vertical hole is excavated while checking the deviation from time to time with respect to the vertical hole H being excavated.
When pulling up the KD, the control circuit 26 of the control unit B operates the torque motor 1 of the measuring unit A to wind up the wire material 3, and
The solenoid of the wiping tool 18 and the electromagnetic valve 19 are operated to bring the brush into contact with the wire material 3, and water is jetted from the water nozzle 20 to wipe off the adhered muddy water. The movable pulley 8 has a weight 14 suspended from the support shaft 13 and slides on the rails 11, 11 together with the sliding plate 12.
This prevents the stretched wire material 3 from deflecting and improves measurement accuracy.

As described above, since the measuring device of the present invention can be mounted separately from the digging tool, it does not receive direct impact or vibration from the digging tool, and there is no need to consider the water resistance of the measuring device. Because of this, there are fewer breakdowns, and maintenance and inspection can be easily performed.

Measurement results can be sequentially output in real time using a microcomputer, etc., so deviations during excavation can be quickly confirmed without reducing the operation rate of excavation for measurement, and the excavated depth can be confirmed. Since the excavation speed and angle can be known at any time, it is also possible to manage the excavation speed, etc. according to the ground.

There is no need to set up a measuring device at the measurement depth position, just connect the tip of the wire material to that position,
Since the measuring device is compact and can be attached or detached at an appropriate location on the ground, it can be easily applied to other construction methods, such as the erection of structural pillars in the reverse construction method.

In particular, even if the measuring unit itself is installed at an angle, the measurement is performed by correcting its own deviation, so for example, when drilling a vertical hole using the earth drilling method, the measuring unit can be installed on a Kelly excavator. This device has excellent advantages such as being able to accurately measure the degree of inclination even in any condition.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings all show embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the basic principle, Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional front view of the measurement unit, Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional side view thereof, and Fig. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the state of use of the device implementing the method of the present invention. , FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a circuit configuration for processing measurement signals. [Explanation of symbols], 1...Torque motor, 2...
Winding drum, 3... wire material, 4... insulation material, 5...
...Fan, 6...Intake port, 7...Inclinometer, 8...
Movable pulley, 9... Fixed pulley, 10... Entrance/exit, 1
1...Rail, 12...Sliding plate, 13...Spindle,
14... Weight, 15... Rotary encoder, 1
6... Emitter, 17... Light receiver, 18... Wiping tool, 19... Solenoid valve, 20... Water nozzle, 21...
...Angle detection circuit, 22...Counter, 23...
Amplification and A/D conversion circuit, 24...Microcomputer, 25...Display circuit, 26...Control circuit, A...Measurement unit, B...Control unit, _D0 ...Ground height, Dx... Excavation depth, G
... Guide wall, H ... Vertical hole, K ... Drilling equipment, KB ... Rod, KD ... Drilling tool, KP ... Guide pipe, X ... Deviation, α ₀ , α ₁ ... Measurement unit and vertical Inclination angle formed by the wire, γ ₀ , γ ₁ ...Inclination angle formed between the measurement unit and the wire material.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An inclination measurement unit is attached to a guide pipe that is supported in a fixed state on the ground, and a rod-shaped member to be measured suspended from the ground in an excavated hole is inserted into this guide pipe, and the measurement unit and the Between the end of the measurement member and the measuring member, a wire material that is successively paid out by suspending the member to be measured is stretched parallel to the member to be measured, and the measurement unit is provided with the wire material that is paid out in parallel with the member to be measured. Appropriate winding means; first angle measuring means that measures the inclination angle of the unwound wire material with respect to the measuring unit and generates an electrical signal; and measures the unwound length of the wire material and generates an electrical signal. and a second angle measuring means that measures the angle of inclination of the measuring unit itself with respect to the vertical line and generates an electrical signal, and the electrical signals of each of the measuring means are determined in advance by a formula for calculating the degree of inclination. is input into a computer having a programmed calculation function and data storage function, and first, at a primary measurement point arbitrarily set near the entrance of the borehole, the length measuring means is used to measure the length from the measuring unit to the first measuring point. In addition to measuring the length of the wire to the next measurement point, the first and second angle measuring means measure the inclination angle of the wire with respect to the measuring unit and the inclination angle of the measuring unit itself with respect to the vertical line. Then, based on the electrical signals of these measured values, the computer automatically calculates the inclination of the primary measurement point and stores it in advance as reference data, and the depth of the excavation hole gradually changes as the excavation progresses. each second on the bottom
At the next measurement point, the computer automatically calculates the slope of each secondary measurement point by performing the same measurements as the first measurement point, and also uses the memorized reference data. A slope measurement method characterized in that the slope of a member to be measured is obtained by automatically calculating the difference between the two.