JPH02216197A - Pickup - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the frequency characteristic, to prevent the crosstalk, to miniaturize a pickup and to improve the detection efficiency and the detection sensitivity by providing a magnetic generating circuit and a magnetic detecting circuit correspondingly to plural strings stretched on a musical instrument. CONSTITUTION:A static magnetic field H1 acts upon a strings 14 by an exciting coil 26. When the strings 14 is oscillated by playing, the strings 14 changes a reflected magnetic flux phi, and an electromotive force corresponding to the change of the reflected magnetic flux phi is generated in detecting coils 42a to 42d. Oscillation in the longitudinal direction, oscillation in the transverse direction, torsional oscillation, positional displacement of the strings 14 are subtly changed by a playing method. Detection signals Va, Vb, Vc and Vd obtained by an input detecting circuit 44 are individually amplified by amplifiers 46a to 46d and are applied to an arithmetic circuit 48. The circuit 48 synthesizes detection signals Va to Vd to obtain a pickup signal V0 indicating the oscillation of the strings 14. This signal V0 is taken out from a signal output terminal 52 through an output amplifier 50. Simultaneously a control signal CL used for processing of the signal V0 is obtained from a signal output terminal 54.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a pickup for detecting vibrations of strings of musical instruments such as guitars and pianos that have strings as sound sources.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, in an electronic guitar, as shown in FIG.
0 and a plurality of string windings 12 provided on the head portion 8, six strings 14 of different thicknesses are stretched. Further, a pickup 16 is installed in the body 4 as a vibration detector for detecting the vibration of each string 14. Therefore, when the string 14 is vibrated by playing, the vibration is detected by the pickup 16 and an electrical signal representing the string vibration is obtained.

In this way, the pickup 16 detects the vibration of the string 14.
There are two types of pickups: one that detects the vibrations indirectly and one that directly detects the vibrations. Pickups that indirectly detect the vibrations include those that use magnetism or light.

For example, as shown in FIG. 6, magnets 18 in a U-shape are attached to a steel string 14 with a certain gap between the pole piece and the string 14. By forming a magnetic circuit including the strings 14 and modulating the magnetism with the vibrations of the strings 14, an electromotive force corresponding to the vibrations of the strings 14 is extracted from a coil 20 wound around the magnet 18.

In addition, for those using light, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-17829
For example, as shown in FIG. 7, a light emitting diode 22 is used as a light source to irradiate the strings 14 with light, and the light reflected by the vibration of the strings 14 is converted into an electrical signal by a light receiving diode 24. is converting.

In contrast to pickups that indirectly detect string vibrations using magnetism or light, there are pickups that use piezoelectric elements to directly detect string vibrations.

For this pickup, for example,
There is No. 7 "Pickup Structure for String Instruments". In this pickup, a piezoelectric element is installed on the lower side of a string receiving member, and the vibration of the string is directly applied to the piezoelectric element and converted into an electric signal.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

By the way, in conventional pickups, (a) Vibration detection depends on the magnetic efficiency of the magnetic circuit for those using magnetism, the reflection efficiency and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the light receiving element for those that use light, and the detection of vibrations using piezoelectric elements. (b) The vibrations of adjacent strings affect the detection of vibrations of other strings, resulting in large crosstalk; (C) , Since vibrations are detected in a specific direction, there is a bias in the detection direction of vibrations, making it difficult to detect changes in string vibration when the direction of vibration changes slightly. There were problems such as not being able to do so.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a pickup that has improved frequency characteristics, is easy to prevent crosstalk, and is capable of detecting various vibration modes of strings depending on delicate playing techniques.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The pink-up of the present invention includes a magnetic generation circuit that is installed corresponding to a plurality of strings strung on a musical instrument body and causes a generated magnetic field to act on each of the strings, and a magnetic field The device is equipped with a magnetic detection circuit that detects changes in magnetic flux caused by vibrations of the strings inside and converts it into an electrical signal.

Further, in the big amplifier of the present invention, the magnetism generating circuit and the magnetism detecting circuit may be integrated and installed on a substrate.

Furthermore, in the pickup of the present invention, the magnetic detection circuit may be configured to include a plurality of detection coils for detecting vibrations of the string.

[For production]

The magnetism generating circuit is provided corresponding to the strings strung on the main body of the musical instrument, and applies a magnetic field to each string. When a string vibrates within a magnetic field, each string reflects or absorbs magnetic flux in response to the vibration. When a magnetic flux change caused by this reflection or absorption is detected by a magnetic detection circuit, an electric signal corresponding to the vibration of the string is obtained.

Furthermore, if the magnetism generation circuit and the magnetism detection circuit are integrated on a single substrate to form an integral structure, it is possible to efficiently convert magnetic flux changes due to string vibrations into the magnetic field generated by the magnetism generation circuit. Can be done.

Furthermore, if the magnetic detection circuit is configured to include a plurality of detection coils that detect the vibrations of the strings, it is possible to detect changes in magnetic flux corresponding to various vibration modes of the strings, and to efficiently detect subtle string vibrations using electrical signals. Can be converted well.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

1 and 2 show an embodiment of the pickup of the present invention.

This pickup 16 is equipped with a magnetic generation circuit 30 that applies a magnetic field to the strings 14 stretched on the instrument body 2, and detects changes in magnetic flux caused by magnetic flux reflected from the strings 14 within the magnetic field. Accordingly, a magnetic detection circuit 32 is installed which converts the vibration of the string 14 into an electrical signal. These magnetic generation circuit 30 and magnetic detection circuit 32
is integrated and constructed as a monolithic structure on a one-chip substrate 34.

The magnetism generating circuit 30 is provided with an excitation coil 36 that applies a magnetic field to the string 14.
In order to include 4 in the aperture plane, a square plate-shaped coil 5 surrounded by a conductor is used. This excitation coil 36 can be installed as an IC on the substrate 34 using a normal conductor, but in order to obtain a stronger magnetic field, it can be configured using, for example, a superconducting coil.

A power source for excitation is connected to this excitation coil 36. Therefore, when the excitation coil 36 has a square shape, a magnetic field having a constant width is supplied to the string 14 in the width direction and length direction thereof.

In order to cause magnetic flux reflection on the string 14 in response to the supply of this magnetic field, a magnetic flux reflecting section 40 is formed in a part of the string 14, as shown in FIG. 2(A), and this magnetic flux reflecting section 40 It faces into the opening plane of the excitation coil 36. The magnetic flux reflecting section 40 is made of a diamagnetic material, but if the string 14 is made of a diamagnetic material, the magnetic flux reflecting section 40 may not be particularly provided.

The magnetic flux reflecting section 40 may be made of a diamagnetic material such as a superconductor, for example, in order to further improve the magnetic flux reflection efficiency.

The magnetic detection circuit 32 also includes, for example, four
A set of detection coils 42a, 42b, 42c, and 42d are provided. Each of the detection coils 42a to 42d is arranged in two rows and two columns within the opening surface of the excitation coil 36.
Like the excitation coil 36, it is composed of a square flat coil wrapped around a flat conductor. In order to improve the detection sensitivity of magnetic flux changes, SQυID (Superconductin
g Quantua+ Interference D
evtce (superconducting quantum interference device).

Then, when a magnetic field is applied to the string 14 by the excitation coil 36 and the string 14 is vibrated, a change in magnetic flux is detected by each detection coil 42a to 42d due to reflection of the magnetic flux by the string 14, and an electromotive force corresponding to the change in magnetic flux is generated in each case. Detection coil 42
Generated from a to 42d. Each detection coil 42a to 42
An input detection circuit 44 is installed to detect string vibration from the electromotive force generated at After being amplified by 46a, 46b, 46c, and 46d, it is applied to the arithmetic circuit 48.

This arithmetic circuit 48 combines the detection signals V3 to vat outputted from each of the amplifiers 46a to 46d, performs filtering as necessary, etc., calculates and generates a pickup signal, and generates each detection signal (1) to (2). A control signal CL for controlling other effectors is formed by changing the balance of d.

An output amplifier 50 is installed on the output side of the arithmetic circuit 48 as a means for amplifying the pickup signal V0 obtained by the arithmetic circuit 48. 52 is the pickup signal V. A pickup signal output terminal 54 outputs the pickup signal V. This is a control signal output terminal for taking out the control signal C44 formed by the arithmetic circuit 48 for external processing.

With this configuration, a static magnetic field H can be applied to the string 14 by the excitation coil 36, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. Therefore, when the string 14 vibrates due to performance, the vibrating string 14 changes the reflected magnetic flux φ, and an electromotive force is generated in the detection coils 42a to 4.2d in accordance with the change in the reflected magnetic flux φ.

By the way, during performance, the strings 14 undergo subtle changes such as vertical vibration, lateral vibration, torsional vibration, and displacement of the string position depending on the playing method. Therefore, the detection signals 1, V, , V, , V, obtained by the input detection circuit 44 are individually amplified by amplifiers 46a to 46d and then applied to the arithmetic circuit 48. In the arithmetic circuit 48, each detection signal V, ~V.

A pink-up signal ■ that expresses the vibration of the string 14 by synthesizing the . is obtained.

That is, according to the calculation by the calculation circuit 48, this pickup signal (2). can be obtained, for example, by averaging the detection signals (1), to (4), as shown in (1).

Pickup signal ■. is taken out from the pickup signal output terminal 52 through the output amplifier 50. At the same time, the pick amplifier signal ■ obtained by the arithmetic circuit 48. A control signal C5 used for processing is obtained from the control signal output terminal 54.

For electronic guitars, as shown in Figure 3,
Pickup signal representing string vibration■. is pickup 1
6 to the code conversion circuit 56, and its pickup signal V. Since the voltage level corresponds to the pitch of the musical tone, it is converted into a code representing the pitch corresponding to that level. As a result, the code conversion circuit 56 specifies the pitch to the musical tone generating circuit 58, and a musical tone signal is generated. Therefore, based on this musical tone signal, a sound system 60 including an amplifier, a speaker, etc. generates a musical tone corresponding to the vibration of the string 14.

By the way, the excitation coil 36 and the detection coils 42a to 42
If the magnetic flux reflection part 40 is made of a diamagnetic material made of superconductor in order to correspond to the superconducting circuit of d, a strong reflected magnetic flux φ can be obtained along with the action of a strong magnetic field H by the excitation coil 36,
Moreover, the detection sensitivity of the reflected magnetic flux φ by the detection coils 42a to 42d is increased, and the detection accuracy of subtle vibrations of the string 14 can be improved.

Furthermore, in the embodiment, it has been described that the excitation coil 36 is a superconducting coil and the detection coils 42a to 42d are 5QUIDs.
If the pickup 16 is integrated into an IC and has an integrated structure, the pickup 16 can be made smaller and lighter.

Then, a strong magnetic field H is applied to each string 14 by an excitation coil 36 made of a superconductor or the like, and the detection coils 42a to 42
In order to increase the detection sensitivity of 2d, crosstalk is expected between adjacent strings 14, but in that case, since the pickup 16 is small, magnetic shielding can be done very easily. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the pink-up 16 installed on each string 14 is surrounded by a magnetic shield 62, and each string 14 is installed facing a small opening 64 formed in the magnetic shield 62. do it. Moreover, if a superconductor is used as the shielding material of the magnetic shield 62, the shielding effect can be further enhanced, and efficient detection of magnetic flux by the Meissner effect can be realized.

In that case, the shape of the reflecting surface of the magnetic flux reflecting section 40 can be arbitrarily selected to increase the efficiency of magnetic flux reflection and prevent crosstalk.

In addition, in the embodiment, the excitation coil 36 and the detection coil 42
Although it has been described that a to 42d are integrated into an integrated circuit on the substrate 34, they may be configured separately.

Further, in the embodiment, four sets of detection coils 42a to 42d are installed, but it may be configured with one set of detection coils.
A large number of detection coils may be installed depending on the thickness and shape of the string 14.

In addition, in the embodiment, the magnetic flux change caused by the magnetic flux reflected by the diamagnetic substance is detected by the magnetic detection circuit 32, but by using a ferromagnetic substance instead of the diamagnetic substance, the magnetic flux change caused by the absorbed magnetic flux can be detected by the magnetic detection circuit 32. may be detected.

Furthermore, although the embodiments have been described using an electronic guitar as an example, the present invention can be used in various musical instruments such as pianos that use string vibration as a sound source.

[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, according to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.

(a) The magnetic field generated by the magnetic generation circuit is applied to the strings strung on the instrument body, and the magnetic flux change caused by the vibration of the strings is detected by the magnetic detection circuit and converted into an electrical signal, making it easy to detect string vibration. It is possible to improve frequency characteristics, prevent crosstalk between adjacent strings, and efficiently detect changes in string vibration caused by delicate playing techniques. If it is constructed using superconducting means, it is possible to detect a large reflected magnetic flux from the string by applying a small and powerful magnetic field, and the detection efficiency can be further improved.

(b) By integrating the magnetic generation circuit and the magnetic detection circuit on a single substrate, the pickup can be made smaller and lighter.

(C) In addition, by installing multiple detection coils in the magnetic detection circuit, it is possible to detect string vibrations caused by subtle playing techniques, and the electromotive force generated in each detection coil can be combined, increasing detection sensitivity. can be improved.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the big amplifier of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the vibration detection section of the pickup of the invention, and Fig. 3 is an electronic diagram showing an embodiment of the pickup of the invention. A block diagram showing an outline of a guitar, Fig. 4 is a diagram showing an outline of an embodiment of magnetic shielding for pink-up according to the present invention, Fig. 5 is a plan view showing a general electronic guitar, and Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the use of magnetism. FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing a conventional pickup using light. 2... Instrument body 14... Strings 16... Pickup 30...
...Magnetic generation circuit 32 ...... Magnetic detection circuit 34 ...... Substrate 40 ...... Magnetic flux reflection section 42a ~ 42d...Schematic diagram of detection coil vibration detection section Block diagram of electronic guitar Diagram Schematic diagram of magnetic shield of big amplifier

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A magnetic generation circuit installed corresponding to a plurality of strings strung on a musical instrument body and applying a generated magnetic field to each of the strings; and a magnetic flux generated by vibration of the strings within the magnetic field. A pickup characterized by comprising a magnetic detection circuit that detects a change and converts it into an electric signal. 2. The pickup according to claim 1, wherein the magnetism generating circuit and the magnetism detecting circuit are integrated and installed on a substrate. 3. The pickup according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic detection circuit includes a plurality of detection coils for detecting vibrations of the string.