JPH01199526A - House for horticulture - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To accelerate the growth of a plant, by covering a horticultural house with a covering material permeable a specific range of visible rays among the solar rays. CONSTITUTION:A horticultural house is covered with a covering material 1 which absorbs both of ultraviolet rays having wavelengths of <=400nm and infrared rays having wavelengths of >=700nm. Cooling water is passed through the covering material which temperature is raised by the absorption of the infrared rays, thereby depressing the rising of room temperature in the horticultural house. The cooling water whose temperature is thus raised is stored in a water storage tank 12 to maintain the temperature thereof. When the room temperature in the house is lowered at night, etc., the reutilization of the stored cooling water for controlling the temperature in the house permits the further acceleration of the growth of the plant.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to the improvement of a gardening house, and more specifically, to a gardening house that transmits and takes in only light rays useful for the growth of plants. Pertains to covering materials used for gardening greenhouses.

(Prior Art) As is well known, conventional gardening greenhouses use glass or synthetic resin sheets as covering materials to isolate the inside of the gardening greenhouse from outside air, or to heat the inside of the greenhouse as needed. Mainly during the cold season, the temperature inside the gardening greenhouse is raised to a temperature suitable for plant growth to promote plant growth.

Heating equipment generally uses heavy oil as fuel, and the cost, along with equipment costs, is a heavy burden on greenhouse farmers. To solve this problem, for example, an air conditioning system for an agricultural greenhouse using an internal combustion engine and a generator for both cold water use has been proposed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-81735). However, the main focus of this device is only on adjusting the temperature inside the greenhouse, and no consideration is given to photosynthesis, which promotes plant growth, and the recovery and use of infrared rays to adjust temperature to promote plant growth. Not known.

On the other hand, 470 to 60% of sunlight is used for photosynthesis.
A method of making it possible to utilize light with a wavelength of 0 nm has been proposed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 71821/1983). According to this method, a wavelength range of 470 to 600 nm can be utilized using a transparent synthetic resin mixed with a nonionic fluorescent compound. This is then used as an agricultural greenhouse or vinyl house structure to promote photosynthesis in plants, and its light-concentrating effect is used to obtain photoelectric energy, and the electricity obtained is used to further irradiate crops. It is stated that it can be used for heating, cooling purposes, or for pump operation.

However, although this proposal describes photosynthesis of plants using sunlight, no consideration is given to the use of the infrared portion of sunlight to promote plant growth.

(Problem to be solved by the invention) By the way, the wavelength contained in sunlight is 700 nanometers (, n
As a result of the above infrared rays passing through the covering material and raising the indoor temperature, the temperature inside the gardening greenhouse rises above the required temperature during sunny days even in the cold season. Efforts are being made to waste energy, such as partially removing the covering of the building, or installing air conditioning and heating air conditioning equipment to adjust the indoor temperature. This situation is based on the fact that sunlight having a wide range of wavelengths, from ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 400 nm or less to infrared light with a wavelength of 700 nm or more, is introduced into the garden greenhouse without selection.

For plants, ultraviolet rays act as a growth inhibitory force, and infrared rays conduct electricity through the cell membranes of plant leaves, increasing the temperature inside the leaves.
As a result, water evaporation is accelerated unnecessarily through the stomata on the leaf surface. Plants close their stomata to prevent this.
The absorption of carbon dioxide gas through the stomata is hindered, and as a result, photosynthesis is hindered.

In this way, the wavelength of light necessary for plants to grow through photosynthesis is the visible light range of 400 to 700 nm, and sunlight at other wavelengths is known to have the effect of hindering plant growth. .

The present invention is based on the above knowledge, and improves the part of the sunlight with a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm to be used for photosynthesis of plants, and the light with a wavelength longer than 700 nm absorbed by the covering material of the house is used as thermal energy. An object of the present invention is to provide a gardening house and a covering material thereof.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention provides a coating material with ultraviolet rays with a wavelength of 400 nm or less and 70 nm.
By coating the gardening house with this coating material, which has the property of absorbing all infrared rays with wavelengths of 0 nm or less, only the rays of sunlight that are effective for plant growth are transmitted into the gardening house. It is something that people try to incorporate and utilize.

In addition, cooling water is passed through the sheathing material whose temperature has risen by absorbing infrared rays to lower the temperature of the sheathing material, suppress the rise in temperature inside the gardening greenhouse, cool the sheathing material, and store the cooling water whose temperature has risen. It is then reused to adjust the temperature inside the greenhouse when the room temperature drops, such as at night, to promote plant growth.

The covering material is made by overlapping a synthetic resin sheet that absorbs sunlight with a wavelength of 400 nm or less and a synthetic resin sheet that absorbs sunlight with a wavelength of 700 nm or more. It is recommended to provide a passage for cooling water.

The one shown in Fig. 2 is a thick synthetic resin sheet 22 that absorbs infrared rays, with grooves 23 for cooling water passages formed therein, and then a sheet 21 that absorbs ultraviolet rays is layered and adhered to this. be.

This is convenient for heat recovery.

If the cooling water whose temperature has increased by cooling the coating material is stored in an underground tank, the temperature can be easily maintained, which is convenient for use as a heat source for heating at night.

(Function) Figure 3 shows the wavelength characteristics of the Taiyo rays, and it can be seen that they are distributed over a wide range from the ultraviolet region with a wavelength of 250 nm or less to the infrared region with a wavelength of 700 nm or more.

Figure 4 absorbs ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 400 nm or less, 1l1
An example of the relationship between the transmittance and wavelength of a synthetic resin sheet that has the property of transmitting only light rays with a wavelength of 00n or more is shown,
Figure 5 shows that it absorbs infrared rays with a wavelength of 700 nm or more, and
An example of the relationship between the transmittance and wavelength of a synthetic resin sheet having the property of transmitting only light rays of 0 nm or less is shown. When these two sheets are overlapped, the characteristics of the transmitted light of the synthetic material become as shown in FIG. 6, and only light having a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm is transmitted.

Therefore, if a synthetic material with these properties is used as a covering material, only light with a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm will pass through the greenhouse and be irradiated to the plants, eliminating ultraviolet rays that inhibit plant growth. In addition, the infrared rays that raise temperature excessively are absorbed by the covering material, and plants are effectively exposed to light with wavelengths that promote photosynthesis.
On the other hand, the temperature rise in the covering material due to the infrared rays absorbed by the covering shrine is cooled down by cooling water, and the increased temperature cooling water is stored in a water tank and can be used as a heat source for heating the gardening greenhouse at night. .

(Example) FIG. 1 is a partially exploded perspective view of a gardening house according to the present invention. The ceiling of a gardening house is covered with the covering material 1 according to the present invention. A cooling water supply pipe 3 is provided in the ridge of the ceiling and connected to the cooling water passage 2 of the covering material 1 so that cooling water can be supplied. A drainage main pipe 4 is provided on the bottom side of the covering material 1 and is connected to receive the cooling water that has passed through the covering material and to be sent to the underground water storage tank 12 via the drain pipe 14 to form a circulation system. I'll keep it.

The left end inlet of the heat radiation pipe 11 which warms the inside of the house using the heat of the cooling water is connected to the switching valve 6.

When using hot water in the underground water tank 12 for nighttime heating, it is returned to the water tank 12 from the opposite side of the heat radiation pipe 11 (right side in the figure) after passing through the pump 7, the switching valve 6, and the heat radiation pipe 11. Establish a heating circulation system. A heating device may be provided within the system so that the temperature of the heating water can be raised as needed. A temperature sensor 8.9 is installed near the lighting area and plants in the house, and the sensor signal activates the solenoid valve 13 to switch the switching valve 6, and also starts and stops the pump. put.

During the day, the temperature sensor 8 near the ceiling is exposed to sunlight.
When the temperature reaches or exceeds the set temperature, the switching valve 6 is switched to the A side in the figure, and the pump 7 is activated to flow the cooling water in the underground water tank 12 from the supply pipe 3 into the coating material 2 via the water pipe 5.10. The cooling water flows through the cooling water passage 2 provided in the cooling water passage 2 to cool the coating material and lower its temperature. The cooling water, whose temperature has increased by cooling the coating material, passes from the drainage main pipe 4 to the drainage pipe 15 to the underground water tank 12.
The water is returned to the supply pipe 3 via the water pipe 5.8 by the pump 7, and is circulated.

When the sun's rays weaken and the temperature sensor 8 falls below the set temperature, the pump 7 stops. Furthermore, when the temperature inside the greenhouse decreases and the temperature sensor 9 becomes below the lower limit set temperature that prevents plant growth, the switching valve 6 switches to the B side in the figure.
When the pump 7 operates, the hot water in the water tank is guided to the heat radiation pipe 11, heats the inside of the house, returns to the water storage tank 12 via the drain pipe 15, is pumped into the heat radiation pipe again by the pump 7, and circulates within the system. . The water tank 12 is provided with a water pipe for supplying cooling water.

(Effects) As described above, the covering material of the gardening house of the present invention blocks ultraviolet rays contained in sunlight that are harmful to plant growth and infrared rays that excessively increase temperature, and visible rays that promote photosynthesis of plants. Only a portion of the infrared rays is transmitted into the greenhouse, and the infrared rays that can be used as thermal energy are stored in a water tank as hot water and used as heating energy when the temperature inside the greenhouse drops below the temperature that stops plants from growing. Can promote plant growth. It is also possible to use this hot water to run an absorption refrigerator to cool and heat the room, but in the present invention, the infrared rays are absorbed by the covering material to be recovered and used as heat energy, so the temperature inside the house can be kept lower than before. There is an effect that can be done.

In other words, sunlight with a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm is transmitted into the greenhouse to promote photosynthesis in plants, and
Infrared rays with long wavelengths of 00 nm or more are absorbed by the house covering, and the cooled water that has been cooled is stored in a water tank and used for nighttime heating to raise the temperature inside the house or the ground temperature. Its effects are extremely large: it can promote plant growth, it can effectively utilize sunlight energy over a wide range of wavelengths, and it can minimize the use of boilers or other mechanical heat sources.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a partially exploded perspective view showing the gist of the embodiment of the gardening greenhouse of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of the covering material, and Fig. 3 is the relationship between the wavelength of sunlight and energy density. Figure 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the transmittance and wavelength of an example of a material that absorbs and cuts ultraviolet rays with a wavelength of 400 nm or less, and Figure 5 shows the transmission of an example of a material that absorbs and cuts light with a wavelength of 700 nm or more. Graph showing the relationship between rate and wavelength, No. 6
The figure is a graph showing the relationship between the transmittance and wavelength of a material obtained by combining the materials of FIGS. 4 and 5. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Covering material, 2... Cooling water passage, 3... Cooling water supply pipe, 4... Drainage main pipe, 5... Water pipe, 6... Switching valve, 7... Pump , 8.9...Temperature sensor, 1
0...Water pipe, 11...Radiation pipe, 12 Underground water tank, 1
3...Solenoid valve, 14...Drain pipe, 21...Synthetic resin sheet for cutting ultraviolet rays, 22...Synthetic resin sheet for cutting infrared rays, 23...Cooling water passage Patent attorney Kamo, representative of applicant 1) Second son' 12 Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 ゛°2 Figure 5 LiLt (Lou')

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a gardening house, wavelength 400 of sunlight
Gardening house 2 characterized in that it is coated with a coating material that absorbs ultraviolet rays of nanometers or less and infrared rays of wavelength 700 nanometers or more, and transmits visible rays of wavelength 400 to 700 nanometers, which absorbs infrared rays of wavelength 700 nanometers or more. The gardening house 3 according to claim 1, further comprising a water storage tank for storing cooling water passed through the covering material in order to cool the covering material whose temperature has increased, a circulation device, and a heat radiating device. Used in a gardening house characterized in that a sheet that absorbs infrared rays of nanometer wavelength or more and a sheet that absorbs ultraviolet rays of wavelength 400 nanometers or less are overlapped, and a cooling water passage is sandwiched between the two. covering material