JPH09172982A - Single moist pellet for fish-growing feed - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide single moist pellets for growing fishes using marine water as a water to be added for kneading, having good pellet shape and properties such as cut face, disintegration behavior and gloss, reduced clamminess with reduced anxiety of marine pollution due to disintegration (shape retention in water) or dispersion, when the feed is cast in marine water. SOLUTION: The objective single moist pellet for fish-growing feed contains carboxymethyl fellulose or its salt, as a binder, having an etherification degree of >=0.8, the viscosity of 1% solution of the anhydrous derivative of 50-10,000mPa.s and >=15% higher the viscosity in 3.75% NaCl solution than that of the solution in pure water, and marine water.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a single moist pellet for fish feed.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In conventional fish feeds that have been conventionally used, generally, raw feed is not used at all, or very little is used (live feed / mash = 10 or less / 90).
Since the above), the water content and oil content supplied from the live feed are extremely small.

If the water content and the oil content are insufficient, it will be difficult to form pellets. Therefore, it is necessary to add water and liquid oil (usually feed oil) separately.

However, even if the pellets are formed by adjusting the water content and the oil content, the shape and properties (cut, powder,
There was a problem such as sticky adhesion and marine pollution (turbidity of seawater) due to generation of dust (deformability in water) or dust (scattering) when it was fed to seawater. .

Therefore, a binder is further added to solve these various problems. As conventional binders for single-moist pellet fish-culture feeds, for example, sodium alginate, calcium salt, guar gum, polyacrylic acid salt, carboxymethylcellulose or its salt has been used.

[0006] These binders are mixed with fish meal, powdered plant feed, powdered feed containing vitamins, minerals and the like, so-called mash, and then added water and kneaded to obtain an arbitrary shape (generally pelletized). And is used as a feed for fish farming (generally as a single moist pellet).

By the way, most of the above-mentioned kneading at the time of manufacturing the single moist pellets, that is, kneading by adding the additive water to the mash mixed with the binder, is carried out on board. Therefore, it was necessary to load the kneading additive water into the ship in advance. If seawater can be used as the additive water, it is not necessary to load the additive water on the ship in advance, but in reality, when seawater is used for kneading, the viscosity of the binder will be affected by the salt content in the seawater. Not expressed,
The effect of the binder is reduced.

[Object of the Invention] The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a single moist pellet for fish feed using seawater as additive water at the time of kneading. (Cutting, pulverization, luster, etc.) is good, stickiness is less likely to occur, and when it is thrown into seawater, it deforms in water (underwater shape retention) or dust (scattering) causes marine pollution (seawater). We are providing single moist pellets for fish feed with less concern about turbidity.

[0009]

The single moist pellet for fish feed according to claim 1 has a degree of etherification (hereinafter also referred to as "DS") of 0.8 or more and a 1% anhydrous viscosity (hereinafter simply referred to as "DS"). 1% viscosity ") is 50 to 10,
Carboxymethyl cellulose or a salt thereof (sodium salt, etc.) having a viscosity of 000 mPa · s and a value of 15% or more of the viscosity when dissolved in pure water when dissolved in a 3.75% aqueous solution of sodium chloride (hereinafter, simply "CM
C)) and seawater.

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[Requirements Constituting Means] DS of CMC used in the present invention
Is 0.8 or more as described above. When seawater is added to the mixture of the mash and the binder and kneaded to knead the base of the pellets, if the degree of etherification of CMC is low, the tackiness is not sufficient, and the resulting pellets will disperse in seawater, causing dusting. It will occur. To prevent this, 0.
A degree of etherification of 8 or more is required. Further, it is not preferable to increase the degree of etherification more than necessary because the cost of CMC becomes high. The best etherification degree is 0.8 to 1.4. The measuring method of DS is as follows.

(Method for measuring degree of etherification (DS))
5 to 0.7 g of CMC is ashed in a magnetic crucible, cooled and transferred to a 500 ml beaker, 250 ml of water and 1/10
Add 50 ml of N-sulfuric acid and boil for 30 minutes, then cool and remove excess acid with phenolphthalein indicator to 1 / 10N.KOH
Back titration.

The viscosity of 1% anhydrous is 50 to 10,000 mPa.s at 25.degree. The amount of added water and added oil during single moist pellet molding varies depending on the case (depending on the pellet), but it is better to have a high viscosity for high water content and high oil content pellets, and a lower viscosity for low water content and low oil content pellets. Tend to be superior, 50 to 10,0
00 mPa · s is a reasonable viscosity, and the moldability of pellets is good.
The range of s is preferable. The measuring method of this viscosity is as follows.

(Measurement Method of 1% Anhydrous Viscosity) It was converted to an anhydride and dissolved as a 1% aqueous solution, and the temperature of the aqueous solution was measured at 25 ° C. by a BM type rotational viscometer.

The ratio of the viscosity when dissolved in a 3.75% aqueous solution of sodium chloride to the viscosity when dissolved in pure water (hereinafter also referred to as "salt resistance") is 15% or more. The binder for single moist pellets improves the shape and properties of single moist pellets (cut, powdered, glossy) and, in addition, the single moist pellets have anti-adhesion properties and water in seawater when fed. Shape retention,
It is necessary to be able to impart marine pollution resistance that suppresses the generation of dust (scattering), but as mentioned above, when seawater is used as the additive water used for kneading, the viscosity of the binder does not appear. , The adhesive strength was reduced, and the function was not fully exhibited.

Therefore, a binder having a strong salt resistance, which can secure the adhesive strength even when dissolved in seawater, is required.

Since CMC has a high affinity for water, it is considered that the polymer chains exist in a state where they are relatively spread in water, and the CMC is spread very greatly due to the repulsion of many ionic groups in the same molecule. And a large viscosity is given. However, this state changes greatly when electrolyte such as salt enters. According to Debye-Huckel's theory, the effective distance covered by the action of an electric field is inversely proportional to the square root of ionic strength.

[0017]

[Equation 1] .

That is, when the ionic strength is increased by the addition of sodium chloride, the repulsive force between the ions becomes small, and the sodium chloride causes the CMC to be thread-like, so that the viscosity and the adhesive strength cannot be exhibited. In order to avoid this, it is necessary that the viscosity measured using artificial seawater (NaCl 3.75% aqueous solution) as the CMC used is 15% or more of the aqueous solution measured viscosity (thread-like shape). However, strong CMC cannot hold more than 15%). 2 in terms of good pellet formability
5% or more is preferable. The method for measuring salt resistance is as follows.

(Measurement Method of Salt Tolerance) The same operation as the viscosity measurement using an aqueous solution is carried out by using water as artificial seawater (NaCl =
It was changed to 3.75%) and measured under the same BM type rotational viscometer measurement conditions. And salt resistance (%) according to the following formula
Was calculated.

[0020]

[Equation 2] .

The addition ratio of the binder is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 5 parts with respect to 100 parts by weight of mash (hereinafter, simply referred to as "part"). If it is less than 1 part, sufficient effects may not be obtained, and if it exceeds 5 parts, there is an economic disadvantage.

The mixing ratio of seawater is not particularly limited, but is 20 to 60 parts with respect to 100 parts of mash.

By using the above-mentioned binder and compounding preparations (mash, oil, etc.), single-moist pellets having good moldability, shape-retaining property, and anti-dust effect in seawater in single-moist pellets prepared by using seawater for kneading Can produce moist pellet feed.

If salt resistance of 15% or more can be maintained, a binder other than CMC used in the present invention, that is, guar gum, alginate, sodium polyacrylate, etc. may be used together with the CMC. Good.

[0025]

EXAMPLES An example of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Production of Single Moist Pellets Single moist pellets were produced (granulated) by the following procedure.

Mash (composition (%): fish meal 85, wheat flour 10, soybean meal 5), a binder (see [Table 1] below, CMC used is sodium carboxymethylcellulose), and seawater (salt content = 3.75%) was blended in the proportions shown in [Table 2] or [Table 3] below and stirred. The stirring conditions are as follows. Compound stirrer: Kenwood mixer (manufactured by Aikosha Seisakusho) Rotation scale: 1 Stirring time: 1 minute.

Oil (feed oil) was further added to the mixture obtained above in a ratio shown in [Table 2] or [Table 3], and the mixture was stirred again. The stirring conditions are as follows. Compound stirrer: Kenwood mixer (manufactured by Aikosha Seisakusho) Rotation scale: 1 Stirring time: 1 minute.

After that, granulation was performed under the following conditions to obtain single moist pellets. Granulator: Meat chopper (made by Iizuka Industry Co., Ltd.) Die diameter (diameter): 6 mm Batch scale: 500 g (mash).

Examples 1 to 16 and Comparative Examples 1 to 16 (Syn
Evaluation of Physical Properties of Glumoist Pellet) The shape and properties (stickiness, cut end, pulverization, luster), shape retention property in water, turbidity, and hardness of the obtained single moist pellet were evaluated according to the following methods. Each evaluation was carried out immediately after the single moist pellet granulation. The results are also shown in [Table 2] and [Table 3].

Evaluation method Shape / property (stickiness, cut end, powder, gloss): The state of the pellet was confirmed visually and visually, and evaluated according to the following criteria. Excellent …… ◎ Good …… ○ Average …… △ Not possible …… ×

Underwater shape retention and turbidity: 20 g of pellets are put in a wire netting basket and 300 ml of seawater (salt content = 3.75%)
After immersing in a 500 ml beaker containing water and stirring with a stirrer, the transparency of seawater is determined. At the same time, confirm the underwater shape retention of the pellets (the evaluation criteria are "shape and properties" above).
the same as). As for transparency (turbidity), glass tube (inner diameter 25m
m, a height of 250 mm, and a thickness of 2 mm, and a glass plate of 2 mm in thickness adhered to the bottom of the glass cylinder).
Find where the black lines drawn at 1 mm intervals became indistinguishable (unit is cm).

Hardness: The strength at which pellets are crushed is determined using an immobility rheometer (unit: kg / cm ² ).

[0034]

[Table 1] .

[0035]

[Table 2] .

[0036]

[Table 3]

[0037]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The single moist pellet for fish feed of the type of the present invention, which uses seawater as additive water for kneading, comprises:
Excellent shape retention (cutting, powdering, luster, etc.), sticky adhesion control and underwater shape retention (pellets are hard and less turbid), and seawater contamination due to dust in seawater can be prevented. It is a pellet.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A degree of etherification of 0.8 or more, a 1% anhydride viscosity of 50 to 10,000 mPa · s, and a viscosity when dissolved in a 3.75% aqueous solution of sodium chloride dissolved in pure water. A binder comprising carboxymethyl cellulose or a salt thereof having a value of 15% or more of the viscosity when
And a single moist pellet for fish feed, comprising seawater.