JPH08292173A - Voltammetry and apparatus used in the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a voltammetry and an apparatus used in the voltammetry capable of obtaining enough sensitivity of a detection signal even when executing in-vivo voltammetry by a method wherein most suitable two sample values Sn , and S(n-a) are selected and the difference, i.e., Sn -S(n-a) , between them is outputted. CONSTITUTION: An integration/sampling device 106 executed the integration and sampling of an electrolytic current for every sampling cycle to output a sampling value. A selection device selects most suitable two sampling values from at least three sampling values stored in a memory device 107 and plots the differential values Sn -S(n-a) with respect to a scanning voltage to form a voltammogram.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to voltammetry for analyzing substances to be electrolyzed by utilizing an electrochemical reaction, and in particular, a weak detection signal corresponding to the substance to be detected contained in the primary output of a DC voltammogram. The present invention relates to a signal processing method of DC voltammetry for detecting (electrolytic current) with high sensitivity, and an apparatus used for the DC voltammetry.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional DC voltammetry, a sweep voltage applied to its electrodes, that is, an electrolytic applied voltage does not include an AC component, and a noise filter is appropriately provided in its signal processing circuit. The signal / noise ratio (SN ratio) can be sufficiently improved. However, with this DC voltammetry, it was not possible to obtain sufficient sensitivity of the detection signal corresponding to the test substance.

Therefore, as a method of improving the sensitivity of a detection signal, a technique of differential pulse voltammetry described in, for example, JP-A-56-16866 has been proposed. FIG. 15 is a block circuit diagram showing a circuit configuration of a conventional differential pulse voltammetry device described in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 56-16866. In the figure, the differential pulse voltammetry device shows a sweep voltage application circuit 501 for generating a sweep voltage to be applied between the working electrode 507 and the counter electrode 506, the working electrode 507 and the counter electrode 506 as test substances. Electrolyzer 505 for housing
As a circuit, a current-voltage conversion circuit 510 for converting an electrolytic current signal output from the working electrode 507 into a voltage signal, and a voltage signal output from the current-voltage conversion circuit 510 are predetermined. The sampling circuit 511 for sampling under the condition of (1) and the differential differentiating circuit 512 for taking the difference between two sample values successively output from the sampling circuit 511 are provided. It should be noted that in vivo direct analysis of trace substances in vivo is performed by voltammetry.
In the voltammetry, electrodes such as the counter electrode 506 and the working electrode 507 are inserted into the living body so that the living body itself functions as the electrolytic cell 505.

One end of the sweep voltage application circuit 501 has a counter electrode 50.
6, and a sweep voltage in which a pulse voltage is appropriately superimposed is applied between the counter electrode 506 and the working electrode 507. The other end of the sweep voltage application circuit 501 is connected to, for example, the recorder 513 and supplies the sweep voltage value to the X axis of the recorder 513.
The working electrode 507 is connected to the current-voltage conversion circuit 510, and when a sweep voltage is applied, outputs the electrolytic current flowing between the counter electrode 506 and the working electrode 507 as a detection signal to the current-voltage conversion circuit 510. . Then, the signal of this electrolytic current is converted into a voltage signal in the current-voltage conversion circuit 510, and is output from the current-voltage conversion circuit 510 to the sampling circuit 511. Sampling circuit 511
Samples the electrolysis current signal converted to a voltage signal,
The sampled value is output to the differential differentiation circuit 512. As is well known, in the conventional pulse voltammetry as shown, in which a pulse voltage is appropriately superimposed on a sweep voltage, the capacitive current component is reduced in order to reduce the capacitive current component of the electrolytic current due to the test substance. The above-described sampling is performed at the time of sufficient decay, that is, at each time immediately before the end of the superimposed pulse voltage. Therefore, the sample value Sn of the electrolytic current output from the sampling circuit 511 to the differential differentiating circuit 512 becomes discontinuous. However, S _n shows the sample value of the n-th (n is an arbitrary integer from 1 to N) cycle. Differential differentiation circuit 5
12 is connected to the recorder 513 described above, and the recorder 513
Of supplying the difference obtained by subtracting the sample value S _(n-1) from the sample value S _n in the Y-axis. In the former differential pulse voltammetry of Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 9-110, shown in FIG.
The sensitivity of the detection signal is improved by taking the difference between the sample values of the two electrolytic currents. The previous description of the differential pulse voltammetry disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 56-16866 discloses a two-electrode voltammetry using a counter electrode and a working electrode. Similar effects can be obtained by using a three-electrode voltammetry in which a reference electrode is provided in the vicinity of the working electrode in a DC voltammetry device described in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-11107. Will be done.

[0005]

In the conventional DC voltammetry or the previous differential pulse voltammetry as described above, in vivo voltammetry, for example, a small amount of neurotransmission in the brain of rat. When the direct analysis of the substance and its metabolites was performed, the sensitivity of the detection signal was insufficient as described below. That is, in in-vivo voltammetry, since an electrode such as a working electrode is provided in the living body and the living body itself is used as an electrolytic cell, it is necessary to limit the site where the electrode reaction should occur in the living body. Therefore, the effective size of the working electrode must be reduced, and it is difficult to secure sufficient sensitivity. An example of a working electrode suitable for in vivo voltammetry is a diameter of 7 μm and a length of 100 to 100 μm.
It is a carbon fiber of about 500 μm. In addition, since neurotransmitters such as ascorbic acid in the brain are originally trace amounts and low concentrations, especially when performing qualitative and quantitative analysis of neurotransmitters in the brain using the microelectrodes described above, The amount of substances involved in the reaction on the surface was extremely small, and therefore, sufficient sensitivity of the detection signal detected at the working electrode was not obtained. On the other hand, when the reaction in the living body is targeted, it is necessary to measure in a particularly short time, and therefore, it is desirable to make the sweep speed as fast as possible. Therefore, it has been necessary to complicate the voltammetry device, particularly the detection signal processing circuit. Further, in the conventional differential pulse voltammetry, the sensitivity of detection signal detection can be improved as described above, but among the noises in the living body, those having a frequency close to the frequency of the superimposed pulse voltage are It may be difficult to remove,
In that case, accurate qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis could not be performed. Further, in the conventional differential pulse voltammetry, the capacitive current component (Note: component due to electric double layer) contained in the sampled value is different for each sampled value. Therefore, as described above, the differential differentiation circuit 51
Even if the sampled values S _n and S _(n-1) were subtracted in 2, the capacitive current component could not be completely removed, and an accurate wave height in the voltammogram might not be obtained. Further, because of the use of the solid working electrode, the surface of the solid working electrode is contaminated by various in-vivo substances, which causes a long decay time of the capacitive current component at the electrode interface. Therefore, there is a drawback that the slope of the baseline in the voltammogram is increased.

Here, the conventional DC voltammetry,
And Chemical Society of Japan, 1973, No.10, p.1909-1914 and American magazines, Analytical, Chemistry (Analytical Che
mistry), 1965, Vol.37, No.13, p.1634 to 1637, the additional differential pulse voltammetry shown in Fig. 14 shows an additional sample voltammogram of rat brain amines. Show. In the figure, a thick solid line 300 is a DC voltammogram obtained by integral sampling (cycle 200 ms, 50 mV / s) of the electrolytic current obtained by the conventional DC sweep. Also, the thin broken line 302 is the previous differential pulse (pulse voltage 25 mV, 50 mV
/ S) is a voltammogram. For the working electrode, carbon fiber having a diameter of 7 μm and a length of 200 μm was used. An Ag / AgCl electrode was used as the reference electrode. In the thick solid line 300 showing the conventional DC voltammogram, the portion indicated by P ₁ is probably due to the capacitive current or the residual current flowing depending on the applied voltage at the initial stage of the voltage sweep. In addition, P ₂ , P ₃ , and P ₄ represent the oxidation waves of ascorbic acid, catecholamine-based compound and indoleamine-based compound in the brain, respectively. Also, in the thin broken line 302 showing the voltammogram of the previous differential pulse,
P ₃ ″ and P ₄ ″ represent oxidation waves of catecholamine compounds and indoleamine compounds in the brain, respectively. In FIG. 14, what is utilized as actual measurement data is the oxidation wave of the catecholamine compound represented by P ₃ and P ₃ ″ and the oxidation wave of the indole compound represented by P ₄ and P ₄ ″. As is clear from the thick solid line 300, the accurate DC height cannot be read by the conventional DC voltammetry method. Also, a thin broken line 302
As can be seen from the above, the differential pulse method used before cannot read the exact wave height, and it is almost unreadable due to the steep slope of the baseline, especially up to P ₄ ″.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and a voltammetry which can obtain a sufficient detection signal sensitivity even when performing in vivo voltammetry, and the use thereof. The purpose is to provide a device. Another object of the present invention is to provide a voltammetry capable of removing an influence of a capacitive current component in a detection signal at the time of creating a voltammogram and obtaining an accurate wave height, and a device used for the voltammetry. Further, when performing in-vivo voltammetry, it is possible to eliminate noise due to action potential inside the living body, and to provide a voltammetry that can perform accurate qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, and a device used therefor. With the goal. In addition, it is possible to easily remove stains on the working electrode, and to provide a voltammetry device that can easily analyze a test substance without increasing the slope of the voltammogram baseline. To aim. Furthermore, the signal / noise ratio is improved without complicating the device used for voltammetry, especially the detection signal processing circuit,
Voltammetry that can easily analyze the test substance,
And an apparatus used therefor.

[0008]

A linear sweep voltammetry apparatus according to the invention of claim 1 is a linear sweep voltage generating means for generating a linear sweep voltage, a counter electrode provided in a test substance, a working electrode and a reference. An electrolytic current detecting means for detecting an electrolytic current at the working electrode when the linear sweep voltage is applied between the counter electrode and the working electrode, and a signal of the electrolytic current, From the integration / sampling means, the integration / sampling means for integrating / sampling and outputting a sample value for each sampling cycle according to a uniform sampling cycle obtained by dividing the sweep period of the sweep voltage by an integer. Storage means for storing each sample value at at least three time points output in time series, and difference between two sample values among at least three sample values stored in the storage means is obtained by subtraction processing , The difference The characterized by comprising the subtraction processing means, supplied to the recording and display device provided outside the unit.

The voltammetry according to the invention of claim 2 is the linear sweep voltammogram primary output (voltage −
N sweep periods of the linear sweep voltage of the current curve
Is a positive integer) uniform sampling period, the electrolytic current is integrated and sampled for each sampling period, and a sampled value S of the nth period (n is an arbitrary integer from 1 to N) _n and [n
-A] The difference between the sample value S _(na) of the period (a is any integer selected to be 1 or more and sufficiently smaller than N ₎ , that is, S _n -S _(na) is set to the value of the linear sweep voltage. It is characterized by plotting against it and obtaining a voltammogram.

The voltammetry according to a third aspect of the present invention is the voltammetry according to the second aspect, further having a high-frequency component removed from the primary output,
A sampling process is performed.

The voltammetry according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the voltammetry according to the second aspect, wherein the sensitivity and the resolution are switched by an operation of selecting the value of the integer a. And

Further, the voltammetry according to the invention of claim 5 is the same as that of claim 2, wherein an electrode having an auto-electromotive force is used as a reference electrode, for a short time immediately before the voltammetry is performed, The working electrode and the reference electrode are short-circuited externally.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in a linear sweep voltammetry apparatus, a three-electrode system in which a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode are provided in a test substance is used to provide a space between the working electrode and the counter electrode. In a linear sweep voltammetry device that applies a linear sweep voltage to the electrode to detect an electrolytic current from the working electrode and converts the electrolytic current into a voltage, a) a linear sweep voltage generator that emits the linear sweep voltage, and b) a sweep A controller that divides the period into N (where N is a positive integer) uniform sampling periods and generates a control signal, c) A voltage obtained by converting the electrolytic current is based on the control signal. One or a number (however, for integrating each sampling period or each a period to output a voltage integrated value
a is an integer of 1 or more and an integer selected sufficiently smaller than N) d) [a + 1] (integral / sample) which individually holds the output of the integrator / sampler based on the control signal. (One integration device integrates every cycle) or a (when a integration / sampling device integrates every a cycles)
A voltage holder, e) from the voltage holder based on the control signal, N
The two sampling values S _{n of the n} sampling periods and the [n−a] th sampling value S _(na) of the N sampling periods are respectively held. Selecting means for selecting a voltage holder and outputting those holding values; and f) a difference between the two holding values is obtained by subtraction processing based on the control signal, and an output of the difference is recorded by a recorder or a display device. And a subtraction processing device for supplying to the.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the linear sweep voltammetry apparatus according to the sixth aspect, a high frequency component removing device is further provided in front of the integrating / sampling device. Is characterized by.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the sixth aspect, the selecting means is a selection changeover switch.

A linear sweep voltammetry device according to a ninth aspect of the present invention is the linear sweep voltammetry device according to any one of the sixth, seventh and eighth aspects, in which the integration / sampling device is sequentially added. A single integration / sampling device that is reset by the control signal at the end of each cycle after integration, and the [a + 1] voltage holders are connected to the integration / sampling device all at once. It is characterized by being.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a linear sweep voltammetry apparatus according to the sixth, seventh and eighth aspects, wherein the integrating / sampling apparatus is the voltage measuring apparatus. Are integrated / sampling devices that are reset by the control signal at the end of each a cycle and then operate sequentially with a delay of one cycle each of which is the a voltage holder. And that they are individually connected.

According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, in the linear sweep voltammetry apparatus according to the sixth and seventh aspects, the integration / sampling apparatus further integrates the voltage sequentially. A single integrating / sampling device that is reset by the control signal at the end of each cycle, and each of the [a + 1] voltage holders retains its holding value for each subsequent cycle. Has a function of holding the value held in the previous stage and holding the holding value of the preceding stage, and is connected in series to the integrating / sampling device to perform this function, and the selecting means is one of the holding devices. , First
The second and third [a + 1] th cages are always selected.

The linear sweep voltammetry device according to the invention of claim 12 is the one according to claim 6, wherein an electrode having self-electromotive force is used as the reference electrode, and the terminal of the reference electrode is A changeover switch for changing over to either the input terminal of the impedance converter or the terminal of the working electrode is provided.

A linear sweep voltammetry device according to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention is the one according to the twelfth aspect, further characterized in that the reference electrode is an Ag / AgCl electrode.

In the voltammetry according to the invention of claim 14, N sweep periods of the linear sweep voltage of the primary output (voltage-current curve) of the linear sweep voltammogram (however,
N is a positive integer) uniform sampling period, the electrolytic current is integrated and sampled for each sampling period, and the nth (n is an arbitrary integer from 1 to N) period sample Value S _n
And a sample value S _(na) of the [n−a] -th period (a is 1 or more and an arbitrary integer selected sufficiently smaller than N ₎ ,
That is, in the voltammetry for plotting S _n −S _(na) against the value of the linear sweep voltage to obtain the voltammogram, each sampling period is further divided into M (where M is a positive integer) uniform subdivisions. The sum of M individual sample values obtained by sampling the electrolysis current for each subdivision cycle and converting these into digital signals, and setting each sample value S _n as above. Is characterized by.

Further, the voltammetry according to the invention of claim 15 is the one according to claim 14, further comprising removing a high frequency component from the individual sampled value and summing the M individual sampled values. It is characterized by performing an addition process.

The voltammetry according to the sixteenth aspect of the present invention is the one according to the fourteenth aspect, further characterized in that the sensitivity and the resolution are switched by the operation of selecting the value of the integer a. And

The voltammetry according to a seventeenth aspect of the present invention is the voltammetry according to the fourteenth aspect, further using an electrode having an self-electromotive force as a reference electrode, for a short time immediately before performing the voltammetry. The working electrode and the reference electrode are short-circuited externally.

In the linear sweep voltammetry apparatus according to the eighteenth aspect of the present invention, a three-electrode system in which a working electrode, a counter electrode and a reference electrode are provided in a test substance is used to provide a space between the working electrode and the counter electrode. In a linear sweep voltammetry device that applies a linear sweep voltage to the sensor to detect an electrolytic current from the working electrode and converts the electrolytic current into a voltage, a) a linear sweep voltage generator that emits the linear sweep voltage, b) a sweep A control signal transmission unit that divides the period into M * N (where M and N are positive integers) uniform primary sampling periods and generates a control signal, c) Electrolytic current converted into the voltage A sample and hold section for sampling M * N for each primary sampling period based on the control signal, d) an analog digitizer for quantizing the output of the sample and hold section based on the control signal Converter, e) N second-order sampled values obtained by adding the analog-to-digital converter output based on the control signal by n units (n is an integer period from 1 to N) by M units (S
₁ to S _N ), the difference between the secondary sample values, S _n −S
_(na) [where S _n is the secondary sample value of the nth cycle, S _(na) is the [n−a] th (a is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and sufficiently smaller than N)
Representing the second-order sampled value of the cycle respectively], and a memory device for writing at any time for storing the measurement condition for the voltammetry and the status signal indicating the operating status of the device, f) based on the control signal. A microprocessor unit having a timer interrupt function for executing a program, g) an interface unit for reading out the measurement condition based on the control signal and inputting the measurement condition into the microprocessor unit, h) the S based on the control signal An output interface unit that sequentially outputs the calculation result of _n − S _(na) together with the sweep voltage value according to the linear sweep voltage value, and i) Based on the control signal, each element of the above a) to h) is sequentially A memory device storing the program to be controlled is provided.

According to a nineteenth aspect of the present invention, in the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the eighteenth aspect, the memory device further includes a waveform processing program for removing a high frequency component from the primary sampled value. It is stored.

According to a twentieth aspect of the present invention, in the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the eighteenth aspect, the memory device further includes the S _n -S _(na).
A program for calculating each peak potential and peak value from the voltammogram using the calculation result of is stored,
It is characterized by.

According to a twenty-first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a linear sweep voltammetry device according to the eighteenth aspect, further comprising a communication line interface section connectable to an external device. Characterize.

Further, the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the invention of claim 22 is the one according to claim 18, wherein an electrode having self-electromotive force is used as the reference electrode, and the reference electrode terminal is connected to the impedance A changeover switch for changing over to either the converter input terminal or the working electrode terminal is provided.

A linear sweep voltammetry device according to a twenty-third aspect of the present invention is the one according to the twenty-second aspect, further characterized in that the reference electrode is an Ag / AgCl electrode.

[0031]

In the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the first aspect of the present invention configured as described above, the integral
Sampling means, the signal of the electrolytic current, the sweep period of the linear sweep voltage is divided by an integer, according to a uniform sampling period,
Integrate and sample, and output for each sampling period. In addition, the subtraction processing unit obtains a difference between two sample values among the sample values at the at least three time points output in time series from the integration / sampling unit stored in the storage unit by subtraction processing. Therefore, the capacitive current component is completely removed.

In the voltammetry according to the second aspect of the invention, the optimum two sample values S _n and S _(na) are selected, and the difference between these sample values, that is, S _n -S.
Plot _(na) against the value of the linear sweep voltage.

In the voltammetry according to the third aspect of the invention, the noise due to the action potential inside the living body contained in the detection signal is removed.

In the voltammetry according to the invention of the fourth aspect, the value of a can be selected when the difference between the sample values is performed.

In the voltammetry according to the fifth aspect of the invention, the working electrode and the reference electrode are short-circuited to remove the dirt attached to the working electrode.

In the linear sweep voltammetry apparatus according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the selecting means selects two optimum sample values S _n and S _(na), and the difference between these sample values, that is, , S _n −S _(na) are plotted against the linear sweep voltage value.

In the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the seventh aspect of the invention, the high frequency component removing device removes noise due to the action potential inside the living body contained in the detection signal.

In the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the eighth aspect of the present invention, the selection changeover switch selects the value of a.

In the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the ninth aspect of the present invention, the [a + 1] voltage holders connected in parallel to one integrating / sampling device have sampling periods of each other. Retain sample values in different orders.

In the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the tenth aspect of the present invention, the voltage holders connected in series to the a integrating and sampling devices have different sampling periods from each other. Holds the value.

In the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, [a + 1] voltage holders connected in series to one integrating / sampling device respectively hold the same. The sampled values that are present are transferred to the subsequent voltage holders at each sampling cycle, and the sampled values having different sampling cycle orders are held.

In the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the twelfth aspect of the present invention, the changeover switch short-circuits the working electrode and the reference electrode to remove dirt adhering to the working electrode.

In the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the thirteenth aspect of the present invention, since the reference electrode is composed of the Ag / AgCl electrode having the self-electromotive force, it operates when the reference electrode is short-circuited. Remove dirt adhering to the electrodes.

In the voltammetry according to the fourteenth aspect of the present invention, the electrolysis current is sampled every M * N subdivision cycles, and these are converted into digital signals to obtain M.
Since the sum of the individual sample values is the N sample values Sn, the signal / noise ratio is improved without making the detection signal processing circuit complicated.

In the voltammetry according to the fifteenth aspect of the present invention, the noise due to the action potential inside the living body contained in the detection signal is removed.

In the voltammetry according to the sixteenth aspect of the present invention, the value of a can be selected when performing the difference between the sample values.

In the voltammetry according to the seventeenth aspect of the present invention, the dirt attached to the working electrode is removed by short-circuiting the working electrode and the reference electrode.

In the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the eighteenth aspect of the present invention, the electrolytic current is sampled for every M * N subdivision cycles, and these are sampled and converted into digital signals. The sum of the individual sample values is the N sample values S
Since n is set, the signal / noise ratio is improved without making the detection signal processing circuit complicated.

In the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the nineteenth aspect of the present invention, a waveform processing program for removing high frequency components is stored in the memory device.

In the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the twentieth aspect of the present invention, a program for calculating each peak potential and peak value from the voltammogram is stored in the memory device.

In the linear sweep voltammetry apparatus according to the twenty-first aspect of the invention, a communication line interface section is provided and the difference between two sample values is output to an external device.

In the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the twenty-second aspect of the present invention, the changeover switch short-circuits the working electrode and the reference electrode to remove dirt adhering to the working electrode.

In the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the twenty-third aspect of the present invention, the reference electrode is composed of an Ag / AgCl electrode having an auto-electromotive force, and therefore, when the reference electrode is short-circuited, it is effective. Remove dirt adhering to the electrodes.

[0054]

【Example】

[Embodiment 1] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the basic construction of an apparatus used for the linear sweep voltammetry of the present invention.
In the figure, a linear sweep voltage generator 101 generates a linear sweep voltage and is immersed in a test substance, for example, an electrolyte solution in a living body such as a brain or a test tube via a switching device 102. A linear sweep voltage is output to the electrolytic current detection device 103 having at least three electrodes. Further, the linear sweep voltage generator 101 records the output linear sweep voltage value in a recorder / recorder 111 or the like provided outside the device.
Supply to the display device. The switching device 102 connects and disconnects the linear sweep voltage generating device 101 and the electrolytic current detecting device 103, and when the linear sweep voltage generating device 101 and the electrolytic current detecting device 103 are separated, the electrolytic current detecting device The working electrode 9 (FIG. 2) of 103 and the reference electrode 8 (FIG. 2) are short-circuited externally. The electrolytic current detection device 103 is
This is a three-electrode system in which the counter electrode 7 (FIG. 2), the working electrode 9 (FIG. 2) and the reference electrode 8 (FIG. 2) are provided in the test substance, and the counter electrode 7 (FIG. 2) and the working electrode 9 (FIG. 2) are provided. ) And a linear sweep voltage are applied, the electrolytic current detected by the working electrode 9 (FIG. 2) is output as a detection signal corresponding to the test substance. The current-voltage conversion device 104 is the electrolytic current detection device 1
The signal of the electrolytic current output from 03 is converted into a voltage signal. The linear sweep voltage generator 101, the electrolytic current detector 103 and the current-voltage converter 104 are exactly the same as those of the known three-electrode type DC voltammetry device.

The high frequency component removing device 105 removes the high frequency component of the voltage signal output from the current-voltage converting device 104. The high-frequency component removing device 105 is for removing noise due to action potential inside the living body in the case of in-vivo application, and the linear sweep voltammetry of the present invention is applied to in vitro voltammetry. In that case, it is not necessary to provide the high frequency component removing device 105. The integration / sampling device 106 includes a control device 110.
The high-frequency component removing device 10 according to a uniform sampling period obtained by dividing the period of the linear sweep voltage determined by
The voltage signal output from 5 is integrated and sampled, and the integrated value of the voltage signal is used as a sampled value for each sampling cycle of the storage device 10.
It outputs to 7 sequentially. The storage device 107 stores at least three sample values output from the integration / sampling device 106 in time series. The selection device 108 selects two sample values from at least three sample values stored in the storage device 107. The subtraction processing device 109 includes a selection device 108.
The difference between the two sample values selected by is obtained by subtraction processing, and the difference is supplied to a recording / display device such as a recorder 111 provided outside the device. Control device 11
0 is the integration / sampling device 106 according to the sampling period,
A plurality of control signals for controlling the storage device 107 and the selection device 108 are provided to these.

As is apparent from the above description, in order to implement the voltammetry according to the present invention, the controller 110 causes the sweep period of the primary output of the linear sweep voltammogram to be a predetermined number at regular intervals, for example, N (however, N). , N is a positive integer). Then, the linear sweep voltage from the linear sweep voltage generator 101 is applied to the working electrode 9 of the electrolytic current detector 103.
(Fig. 2) is applied between the counter electrode 7 (Fig. 2) and the electrolytic current is detected at the working electrode 9 (Fig. 2). This change in electrolytic current is converted into a change in voltage by the current-voltage converter 104, and then integrated / sampled by the integration / sampling device 106 for each sampling cycle. Plotting the n th value of the sample value of each sampling period so obtained first [na] th value obtained by subtracting the difference between the value [S _n -S _(na)] for linear sweep voltage value The desired voltammogram is calculated.
However, S _n is the n-th (n is an arbitrary integer from 1 to N)
The sampled value of the cycle, and S _(na) is the [n−a] th (a
Represents a sample value of 1 or more and an integer selected sufficiently smaller than N). Also, if a = 1, the value of this difference is close to the normal differentiation, but by increasing the value of a, the sensitivity can be increased to approximately a times. However, if the value of a is set too large, the resolution will decrease.
s and the sweep speed is 50 mV / s (therefore, the voltage width of each sampling period is 10 mV), experimentally, a =
About 5 to 10 is suitable. As a matter of course, if the sampling period and its voltage width are made fine, even if the value of a is larger than this, the resolution will not be lowered so much. However, the circuit for signal processing becomes complicated accordingly, which is not a good idea. Further, as is obvious from the above, this value of a can be used for switching sensitivity and resolution. For example, by switching from a = 1 to a = 5, it is possible to easily switch the sensitivity to a maximum of 5 times. However, the peak potential of the obtained voltammogram moves in the voltage sweep direction as the value of a increases. However, the true half-wave potential and electrolytic current value of the test substance can be known from the DC voltammogram obtained by the primary output.

A more specific example of the linear sweep voltammetry device of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. FIG. 2 is a block circuit diagram of a linear sweep voltammetry device which is a first specific embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
3 is a timing chart showing an electric signal waveform of each part of the linear sweep voltammetry device shown in FIG. still,
In the description of the linear sweep voltammetry device below, a
An example in which the value of is set to 5 will be described. In FIG.
Waveforms A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I are respectively points A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H shown in FIG.
And voltage signal waveforms at I and correspondingly,
The waveform of A shows a linear sweep voltage waveform, and B, C, D, E,
The waveforms of F, G, H, and I indicate the waveforms of the clock signal or control signal output from the control device 110. Further, in FIG. 3, (a), (b), (c), (d),
The waveforms of (e), (f), (g), (h) and (i) are:
High frequency component removing device 105, integrating / sampling device 106,
The output waveforms of the voltage holders 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 and the subtraction processing device 109 are shown, respectively. In each waveform diagram, the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents voltage. The linear sweep voltage generator 101 includes a switching device 102.
The linear sweep voltage shown by the waveform A in FIG. 3 is applied between the counter electrode 7 and the working electrode 9 via the interlocking change-over switches 4 and 5 constituting the above. The electrolytic current detection device 103 is composed of an impedance converter 2, an adder 3, an electrolytic cell 6, a counter electrode 7, a reference electrode 8 and a working electrode 9, and the linear sweep voltage from the linear sweep voltage generator 101 is the counter electrode 7. When applied between the working electrode 9 and the working electrode 9, the working electrode 9 causes the counter electrode 7
The electrolytic current flowing between the working electrode 9 and the working electrode 9 is detected and output as a detection signal to the current-voltage converter 104. The current-voltage converter 104 converts the detection signal of the electrolytic current from the working electrode 9 into a voltage signal. The impedance converter 2
Is an emitter follower circuit or a cathode follower circuit, and the adder 3 is an adder circuit using an operational amplifier. In addition, in vivo voltammetry,
The counter electrode 7, the reference electrode 8 and the working electrode 9 are inserted into the living body, and the living body itself is configured to function as the electrolytic bath 6. As the reference electrode 8, an electrode having self-electromotive force, for example, an Ag / AgCl electrode is used. The interlocking changeover switches 4 and 5 are
The working electrode 9 and the reference electrode 8 are externally short-circuited outside the period of the linear sweep voltage to form a closed circuit including the electrolytic cell 6.
When the changeover switches 4 and 5 short-circuit the working electrode 9 and the reference electrode 8 from the outside, the counter electrode 7 is open. In the case of performing in-vivo voltammetry, it is desirable to form the closed circuit by the change-over switches 4 and 5 in a short time immediately before performing voltammetry. The high frequency component removing device 105 is a known low pass filter, and has, for example, a cutoff frequency of 0.5 Hz, −3.
The one of 0 db / oct is used. The high-frequency component device 105 mainly removes noise due to the action potential inside the living body, and outputs the voltage signal shown by the waveform (a) in FIG. 3 to the integrating / sampling device 106.

The integration / sampling device 106 includes a controller 11
The voltage signal shown in waveform (a) is integrated with each clock signal shown in waveform B of FIG. 3 from 0 to every sampling period (interval of clock signals) to obtain the voltage shown in waveform (b) of FIG. [A + 1] number of signals connected in parallel, that is, six voltage holders 13, 14, 15, 1 in this embodiment.
Output to 6, 17 and 18. In addition, the waveform B of FIG.
The clock signal indicated by is synchronized with the uniform sampling period obtained by dividing the sweep period into N, and the control device 110
Is output from. Therefore, in the integration / sampling device 106, the voltage signal from the high-frequency component removing device 105 is integrated / sampled in each sampling period, and the voltage holders 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 are sampled in each sampling period. And 1
8 is output. The storage device 107 includes voltage holders 13, 1
4, 15, 16, 17 and 18, each of which is integrated by a clock signal or a control signal from the control device 110 shown by C, D, E, F, G and H in FIG.
The output signals from the sampling device 106 are received, and the six voltage signals having different sampling periods as shown in (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) and (h) are respectively received. Holds each sample value. The selection device 108 is composed of selection changeover switches 19 and 20, but in the embodiment,
Uses an analog multiplexer. The selection changeover switches 19 and 20 are used for the control device 11 shown by the waveform I in FIG.
A clock signal from 0 causes each selected position (C ₁ , C ₂ ,
It is controlled so that any one of C ₃ , C ₄ , C ₅ and C ₆ ) is always selected. The waveform I in FIG.
The clock signal indicated by
It is synchronized with the holding operation of each of 4, 15, 16, 17, and 18. As a result, the selection changeover switch 1
Reference numerals 9 and 20 sequentially output a set of output signals, which are two sample values selected from the voltage holders 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18, corresponding to the selected position that moves in each cycle. , To the subtraction processing unit 109. For example, C ₁
Is selected, the sample values S _n and S _(n-5) held by the voltage holders 13 and 14 are supplied to both input terminals of the subtraction processing device 109 via the selection changeover switches 19 and 20, respectively. To be done. However, S _n represents a sample value of the n-th (n is an arbitrary integer from 1 to N) cycle.

The subtraction processing device 109 is a known differential amplifier, and as described above, the sample values of the two cycles with different orders are supplied via the selection changeover switches 19 and 20.
Then, the subtraction processing device 109 subtracts the difference between the sample values, that is, S _n −S _(n−5) , and outputs the output signal of the difference shown by the waveform (i) in FIG. Supply to the shaft. Further, in the subtraction processing device 109, the selected positions of the selection changeover switches 19 and 20 are sequentially changed to C ₁ in each cycle,
With to move to _{C 2, C 3, C 4} , C 5 and _{C 6, (c) - (} d), (d) - (e), (e) -
(F), (f)-(g), (g)-(h) and (h)
Since the calculation of − (c) is sequentially performed, the difference between the sample values is always a subtraction of S _n −S _(n−5) . Since the linear sweep voltage value from the linear sweep voltage generator 101 is directly supplied to the X axis of the recorder 111, the recorder 111 uses the difference between the sample values, S _n −S _(n−5). Draw a voltammogram in which is plotted against the linear sweep voltage value. The controller 110 divides the sweep period of the linear sweep voltage indicated by the waveform A in FIG. 3 at regular intervals into, for example, N uniform sampling periods. Then, according to each sampling period, as described above, the waveforms B, C, and
The clock / control signals indicated by D, E, F, G, H, and I are integrated / sampled by a device 106, a voltage holder 13,
It outputs to 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 and the automatic changeover switches 19 and 20, respectively, to control them. Note that this sampling period is usually 100 milliseconds to several 1
About 100 milliseconds is suitable.

If the selection positions of the selection change-over switches 19 and 20 are limited to C ₁ and C ₂ and repeatedly moved between them, the output signal from the subtraction processing device 109 is always a = 1 and S _n. -S _(n-1) . Thus, the sensitivity and resolution of the detection signal can be easily switched. Although the above description of the signal processing is limited to the operation in the steady state for the sake of easy understanding, from the start of the sweep operation until the sample number n reaches the number of the voltage holders used, that is, six. During the sweep period, the output signal shown by the waveform (i) in FIG. 3 is in a transient state, and the above relationship of S _n -S _(n-5) is not established. For example, in the timing chart of FIG. 3, the sweep is started at the time indicated by Sw, but the output signal shown by the waveform (i) in FIG.
It is undefined between T ₁ and T ₆ shown in FIG. 3, that is, up to the sixth cycle. In this transient state, it goes without saying that a desired output signal cannot be obtained, but if the interval between the sweep start voltage and the half-wave potential of the test substance is sufficiently set, no problem will occur in operation.

Here, the voltammetry in which rat brain amines are detected by the linear sweep voltammetry of the present invention is shown by a thick broken line curve 301 in FIG. In the figure, a thick broken line curve 301 is a voltammogram in the case of a = 5 where a is 5 in the linear sweep voltammetry according to the present invention. A carbon fiber having a diameter of 7 μm and a length of 200 μm was used for the working electrode. An Ag / AgCl electrode was used as the reference electrode. Also, in the curve 301 of the thick broken line, P ₃ '
And P ₄ 'represent the oxidation waves of catecholamine compounds and indoleamine compounds in the brain, respectively. In FIG. 14, what is utilized as the actual measurement data is the oxidation wave of the catecholamine compound represented by P ₃ , P ₃ ′ and P 3 ″, and the indole compound represented by P ₄ , P ₄ ′ and P ₄ ″. Is the oxidation wave of.
As is clear from the thick solid line 300, the accurate DC height cannot be read by the conventional DC voltammetry method. Further, as is apparent from the thin broken line 302, the accurate pulse height cannot be read by the previous differential pulse method, and particularly in the case of P ₄ ″, the steepness of the baseline causes
Almost unreadable. On the other hand, as is clear from the thick broken line 301, the difference method of the present invention is very easy to read the wave height by the tangent method. Also, compared to the voltammogram of the previous differential pulse shown by the thin broken line 302, the sensitivity and baseline of the detection signal are significantly improved.

The linear sweep voltammetry device configured as described above has [a + 1] voltage holders 13-1.
By taking the difference between the optimum two sample values of the [a + 1] sample values held in 8, the sensitivity of the detection signal can be made sufficient. In addition, the integration / sampling device 1
06 integrates and samples the voltage signal in accordance with a uniform sampling period obtained by dividing the sweep period of the linear sweep voltage by an integer,
Since the integrated value of the voltage signal is output as a sampled value for each sampling period, the capacitive current component at each sampled value is exactly the same except for the transition period in the initial stage of the sweep. Then, the difference between the two optimum sample values, that is, S _n −S _(na) is calculated by the subtraction processing device 109 to remove the capacitive current component, and the recorder 111 causes the difference S _n −S _{(na). )} Is plotted against the linear sweep voltage value, the generated voltammogram can be drawn with an accurate wave height. Further, by inserting the high frequency component removing device 105 in front of the integrating / sampling device 106, noise due to action potential inside the living body can be removed when performing in vivo voltammetry, and accurate qualitative analysis can be performed. Analysis and quantitative analysis can be performed. Further, except during the sweep period, the changeover switches 4 and 5
As a result, the reference electrode 8 and the working electrode 9 having the self-electromotive force form a closed circuit, so that stains such as ascorbic acid adhering to the working electrode 9 can be removed, and the analyte can be easily analyzed. You can get a baseline.

[Embodiment 2] FIG. 4 is a block circuit diagram of a linear sweep voltammetry device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a timing chart showing an electric signal waveform of each part of the linear sweep voltammetry device shown in FIG. The parts corresponding to those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted. In addition, in FIG.
Portions similar to those of the above are omitted. The difference from the first embodiment is that each of the voltage holders 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 has a function of transferring a held value to the next stage, and the integrating / sampling device 106 is used. Is connected in series. Here, the waveform (b) of FIG.
The output signal of the integration / sampling device 106 shown in FIG. 5 is first held in the voltage holder 13 by the clock signal from the control device 110 shown by the waveform C in FIG.
The voltage signal is transferred to the voltage holder 14 by the clock signal from the control device 110 indicated by the waveform D, and finally transferred to the voltage holder 18 by the same operation. Thus, according to these waveforms C, D, E, F, G, and H of FIG. 5, voltage holders 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 are shown.
Sequentially transfers the holding voltage held by each to the voltage holder of the next stage. These clock signals C, ---
The transmission timing of H is almost the same as the timing of the clock signal shown by the waveform B of FIG. 3 for the integration / sampling device 106, except that the transmission timing of FIG. Waveforms C, D, E, F, G,
And the enlarged views of H are sequentially shifted.

In this embodiment, the voltage holders 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 are thus arranged as shown in FIGS. 5 (c), (d), (e), (f), and (g). And the voltages shown in (h) are held and sequentially transferred. Therefore, even if the voltage holders 13 and 18 are always selected,
The subtraction S _n −S _(n−5) between the integrated sample values as described above is performed. As described above, the one shown in the second embodiment is effective in the case of the measurement in which the optimum value of a (for example, a = 5 as described above) can be predicted, and the one shown in the first embodiment. In comparison, the selection changeover switches 19 and 20 can be omitted, and the integration / sampling device 10 by the control device 110 can be omitted.
6, and the control of the voltage holders 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 can be simplified. It is obvious that if the voltage holders 13 and 14 are always selected, the subtraction of S _n −S _(n−1) is performed.
Selection means between the value of a and between 5 and 1 can easily be attached.

[Third Embodiment] FIG. 6 is a block circuit diagram of a linear sweep voltammetry device according to a third specific embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a timing chart showing an electric signal waveform of each part of the linear sweep voltammetry device shown in FIG. The parts corresponding to those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted. In addition, in FIG.
Portions similar to those of the above are omitted. The difference from the first embodiment is that the six integration / sampling devices 106-1 and 106-
2, 106-3, 106-4, 106-5 and 106-
6 have the same number of voltage holders 13 and 1 respectively connected in series.
4, 15, 16, 17 and 18 are provided. Here, the control device 1 shown in the timing chart of FIG.
B-1, B-2, B-3, B of clock signals from 10
-4, B-5 and B-6, each integration / sampling device 1
06-1, 106-2, 106-3, 106-4, 10
6-5 and 106-6, respectively, in FIG.
1, (b) -2, (b) -3, (b) -4, (b) -5
And (b) -6 output signals are obtained. These integrated outputs are held in the respective voltage holders by the clock signals from the control device 110 shown by the waveforms C, D, E, F, G, and H in FIG. 7, and (c), (d) in FIG. (E), (f)
The output signals shown in (g) and (h) are obtained, respectively. These outputs are led to the subtraction processing device 109 via the selection changeover switches 19 and 20 as in the first embodiment, and are (d)-(c), (e)-(d), (f), respectively.
-(E), (g)-(f), (h)-(g) and (c)
-(H) difference value sequentially waveform (i) of FIG. 7 for each cycle
Appears as output shown in. Here, each of the integration outputs is obtained by providing an integration period for every a cycles, and the integration start time is shifted by one cycle.
Therefore, it is obvious that if the difference value between the outputs of the adjacent voltage holders is obtained, S _n −S _(na) can be obtained as the waveform (i) of the output signal as in the first and second embodiments. That is.

Compared to the one shown in the first embodiment, the one shown in the third embodiment uses a number of the integration / sampling devices connected in parallel with each other. Of these, for example, even if one integration / sampling device fails, the measurement can be continued by changing the measurement conditions such as the sampling period and the sweep speed. In addition, maintenance work of the voltammetry device, such as replacement work of the integrating / sampling device in which a failure has occurred, becomes easy.

[Embodiment 4] FIG. 8 shows the relationship between means for realizing each mechanism when the linear sweep voltammetry apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is realized by a computer system 30 such as a microcomputer. It is a functional block diagram which showed the relationship. The difference from the first embodiment is that the computer system 30 is configured to perform the control of the applied voltage, the post-processing of the detection signal, and the printout of the calculated value. In FIG. 8, the linear sweep voltage generating means 101 ′ generates a linear sweep voltage, and the switching means 10
A linear sweep voltage is output to the electrolytic current detection means 103 'having at least three electrodes via 2'. Further, the linear sweep voltage generating means 101 'supplies the output linear sweep voltage value to a recording / display device such as a recorder 111' provided outside the device. The switching means 102 'is
Linear sweep voltage generating means 101 'and electrolytic current detecting means 10
3 ', and the linear sweep voltage generating means 10
1'and the electrolytic current detecting means 103 'are separated from each other, the working electrode 9 in the electrolytic current detecting means 103' (see FIG.
0) and the reference electrode 8 (FIG. 10) are short-circuited externally. The electrolytic current detecting means 103 ′ is provided with a counter electrode 7 in the test substance.
(FIG. 10), a working electrode 9 (FIG. 10) and a reference electrode 8 (FIG. 10) are provided, and a three-electrode system is adopted.
When a linear sweep voltage is applied between the working electrode 9 (FIG. 10) and the working electrode 9 (FIG. 10), the electrolytic current detected by the working electrode 9 (FIG. 10) is output as a detection signal corresponding to the test substance. To do. The current-voltage conversion means 104 'converts the electrolytic current signal output from the electrolytic current detection means 103' into a voltage signal. The linear sweep voltage generating means 101 ', the electrolytic current detecting means 103', and the current-voltage converting means 104 '.
Is exactly the same as that of the known three-electrode type DC voltammetry device.

The high frequency component removing means 105 'removes the high frequency component of the voltage signal output from the current-voltage converting means 104'. The high frequency component removing means 105 '
Is for removing noise due to the action potential inside the living body in the case of in vivo application. Removal means 105 '
Need not be provided. The integrating / sampling means 106 'outputs the voltage output from the high-frequency component removing means 105' in accordance with a uniform sampling period determined by the control means 110 'and dividing the period of the linear sweep voltage by an integer. The signal is integrated and sampled, and the integrated value of the voltage signal is sequentially output to the storage unit 107 'for each sampling period as a sampled value. Storage means 10
7'stores at least three sample values output from the integrating / sampling means 106 'in time series. Selection means 1
08 'is at least 3 stored in the storage means 107'.
Select two sample values from one sample value. The subtraction processing unit 109 ′ has the value 2 selected by the selection unit 108 ′.
The difference between the two sample values is obtained by subtraction processing, and the difference is supplied to a recording / display device such as a recorder 111 ′ provided outside the device. The control unit 110 ′ divides the sweep period of the apparatus into a plurality of uniform sampling periods, and the integration / sampling unit 106 ′ and the storage unit 1 according to the sampling period.
They are provided with a plurality of control signals for controlling 07 'and the selection means 108'.

Further, in the present embodiment, as described above, the computer system 30 is used to digitally process the detection signal. Therefore, it is possible to subdivide the sampling cycle of each of the first to third embodiments into a plurality of subsections, sample and quantize the electrolytic current for each subdivided cycle, and add the electrolysis currents to obtain a substantially integrated sample value. This principle will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the basic principle when the voltammetry of the present invention is implemented in a computer system. In the figure, curve 60 represents the linear sweep voltammetric primary output. In the present embodiment, the sweep period is subdivided into M * N (M is a positive integer) uniform primary sampling periods, and the electrolytic current after each period is sampled and quantized to obtain S. This is added M times for every nth cycle to obtain N second-order sample values (quantized current values), and then [n−
The difference △ S _n of a] th period of uniform secondary sample value S as _(na) and the secondary sample value S _n of n-th cycle is obtained by Equation 1 below.

[0070]

[Equation 1]

It should be noted that S _Mn and S _{M (na)} represent sample values of the M * Nth and M * (N−a) th periods, respectively.

A more specific example of this embodiment will be described below with reference to FIG.
Will be explained. FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a linear sweep voltammetry device which is a fourth specific embodiment of the present invention. The parts corresponding to those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted. The portion shown in the broken line in FIG. 10 is a characteristic portion of this embodiment. In the figure, the computer system 30 is the linear sweep voltage generating means 10 described above.
1'high-frequency component removing means 105 ', integrating / sampling means 1
06 ', storage means 107', selection means 108 ', subtraction processing means 109', and control means 110 '. The CPU 34 in the computer system 30 is
The following operations are executed according to the program stored in the OM 36. The signal of the electrolysis current from the working electrode 9 is converted into a voltage by the current-voltage converter 104, and is sampled by the sample / hold unit 31 at every 16.7 msec based on the interrupt request generated by the timer interrupt unit 37. It The sampled output is quantized by the A / D converter 32 and sequentially recorded in the RAM 35 as a digital signal. On the other hand, the input switch 42 sets the measurement conditions such as the voltage sweep speed, the sweep direction, the sweep initial value, and the measurement start, and the information is recorded in the RAM 35 via the input interface 33. Next, R every 16.7 msec
The sampled output recorded in the AM 35 is output as a differential output to the graphic printer 112 via the output interface 40 after the arithmetic processing by the program, or an external device via the communication line interface 41. , External computer 113, for example
Be led to. The control signal sending unit 38 sends a clock signal to each unit, and the linear sweep voltage generating unit 39 composed of a D / A converter generates a linear sweep voltage and the adder 3
This is applied between the counter electrode 7 and the working electrode 9 via. Next, in order to give a command to the CPU 34 of the above device, R
The main programs stored in the OM 36 will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12. 11 shows a flowchart of the main routine, and FIG. 12 shows a flowchart of the interrupt processing routine. An interrupt request is generated every 16.7 msec during execution of the main routine (step 1000), and the program being executed is interrupted each time,
During this period, the program of the interrupt processing routine (step 1030) is executed, and thereafter, the program of the main routine (step 1000) before the interrupt is generated again.
It is supposed to return to the step.

1) Main routine (step 100)
0) In the initial condition setting, the stack in RAM35
A pointer, a register, a data recording area, etc. are set (step 1001). Next, the interrupt request interval is set to 16.7 msec (step 1
002). Then, the sweep counter in the RAM 35 is set to 0 (step 1003), and the content of this counter is sent to the linear sweep voltage generator 39 (D / A conversion) (step 1004). Here, each measurement condition set by the input switch 42 is read into the status register (step 1005), and the CPU 34 determines whether or not the measurement switch is ON (step 1006). If the measurement switch is in the "OFF" state, step 100 is performed again.
Return to 5 and wait for the start of measurement during this period. When the measurement switch is turned "ON", the head address of the data recording area in the RAM 35 is designated (step 1007), and the data recording register is set to "1" (step 100).
8). (Measurement is started from this point, and data collection and voltage sweep are started on the interrupt processing routine side.) Subsequently, the CPU 34 determines whether or not the measurement switch is OFF (step 1009), and the measurement switch is turned on. O
When it becomes "FF", the data acquisition register is set to "0" (step 1010) (after that, the interrupt processing routine side stops the data acquisition and the voltage sweep, and ends one measurement). Then, the sweep counter is set to 0 (step 1011), the contents of the counter are sent to the D / A converter, and the output of the linear sweep voltage generator 39 is returned to the initial value (step 1012). The measurement data, which is the primary sample value every 16.7 msec collected in one measurement, is already recorded, but the sample value once recorded has the noise removed by the waveform processing for each measurement ( Step 1013). In the example program, a high-frequency component of the first-order sampled value is removed by a digital filter (0.5 Hz. In (step 1014). This example is included as a sample value obtained by removing noise in RAM 35, reads the sample value as S, 12 Quai sample values of every n-th cycle (S) in the CPU 34 (step 101
5). Then, based on Equation 2 below, the pre-sampled values after noise removal are added in units of 12 (as an example) every nth cycle to obtain a secondary sampled value S _n .

[0074]

[Equation 2]

This S _n value is 200 msec during the sweep period.
R is the sum of 12 sample values recorded between
It is recorded in AM35 (step 1017). Next, S _n
Difference output ΔS _n when the number of intervals 2 between sample values is 5
= Request _{S n -S (n-5)} . That is, S _(n-5) value is RA
Read from M35 to CPU 34 (step 101
8), the CPU 34 performs difference processing; ΔS = S _n −S _(n−5) (step 1019). Then, the difference output ΔS _n
Is recorded in the RAM 35 (step 1020). Subsequently, the CPU 34 determines whether or not the reading of all the primary sample values has been completed (step 1021). If all the primary sample values have not been read,
The process returns to step 1015, and if the process is completed, the process proceeds to step 1022. In step 1022,
The peak potential and the peak value are read from ΔS _n calculated and calculated in one measurement, and in step 1023, the graphic printer sets each of the above S _n values on the Y axis and linearly corresponds to the S _n value. The sweep voltage value is sequentially plotted on the X-axis, and the peak potential and peak value are also printed out at the same time. After executing step 1023, the process returns to step 1005 again to wait for the next measurement start.

2) Interrupt processing routine (step 103)
0) First, the CPU 34 determines whether or not the data collection register is "1" (step 1031). Then, when the data collection register is "0", the program of this routine is not executed at all and returns to the program step of the main routine before the interruption. If the data collection register is "1", the electrolytic current signal is set to 1
Sample and hold, that is, sampling is performed every 6.7 msec (step 1032). Next, this sampled output is quantized by the A / D converter (step 1033) and recorded in the RAM 35 as a digital signal (step 103).
4). Then, in step 1035, the sweep counter is updated, the contents of the counter are sent to the D / A converter (step 1036), the output of the linear sweep voltage generator 39 is increased by one step, and then the main routine before the interrupt is generated. Return to the program step of.

Next, as an example of the peak potential and peak value reading method described in the program step 1022 of the main routine, the peak potential and peak value reading routine (1040) shown in the flowchart (a) of FIG. 13 and the waveform diagram ( It will be described below with reference to b). In this method, the slope is sequentially examined along the obtained digital numerical sequence (hereinafter referred to as the original waveform) to obtain the position b _p (hereinafter, the peak position b _p ) at which the maximum value P of ΔS _n is taken, and the rising edge. Position b ₁
Also, the fall position b ₂ is searched for, and the potential at the peak position b _p is set as the peak potential E _p . Further, a straight line B (hereinafter referred to as a base B) passing through the points B ₁ and B ₂ on the original waveform corresponding to the rising position b ₁ and the falling position b ₂ is obtained, and the peak potential E _p at the base B is obtained. Value of ΔS _n B _p
(Hereafter, the base value B
_{p) is calculated, and} the value H obtained by subtracting the _{base value B p from the maximum value P} is taken as the peak crest value. 3) Peak potential and peak value reading routine (104
0) First, a differential waveform is obtained by a difference calculation for the target original waveform (difference voltammogram) (step 104).
1). Next, the point where the sign of this differential waveform changes from positive to negative is assumed to be the peak position b _p, and it is verified that this peak position b _p is not due to noise, and the peak position b _p
Based on the above, the peak potential E _p is detected from the original waveform (step 1042). In the case of this method, since the test substance is known and the peak position b _p is assumed in advance, if the peak position b _p is detected within the pre-programmed permissible width, this is determined as the actual peak position. The peak potential E _p is detected from the original waveform by recognizing it as b _p . Others are excluded as noise. Next, the rising position b ₁ is detected from the differential waveform and its sign, and the rising potential E ₁ is detected from the original waveform based on the rising position b ₁ (step 104).
3). Further, the falling position b ₂ is detected from the differential waveform and its sign, and the falling potential E ₂ is detected from the original waveform based on the falling position b ₂ (step 1044).
Then, the maximum value P at the peak potential E _p is detected from the original waveform (step 1045). And the rising position b
Edge point B ₁ and falling on the corresponding original waveform in ₁ position b ₂
The point B ₂ on the original waveform corresponding to is detected by the rising potential E ₁ and the falling potential E ₂ , respectively, and the base B passing through the points B ₁ and B ₂ is obtained. Then, to detect the base value B _p at the peak potential E _p from the base over scan B (step 1046). Next, the peak value H is calculated by subtracting the base value B _p from the maximum value P (step 104).
7). Then, the peak potential E _p and the peak crest value H are output to the printer.

In this embodiment, the sensitivity of the linear sweep voltammetry is improved by the difference processing between the sampled values of the appropriately separated periods, and the computer system is used to control the applied voltage and post-process the signal. Further, it is possible to easily print out the calculated value, and a great industrial effect can be expected.

[0079]

In the linear sweep voltammetry apparatus according to the first aspect of the present invention, the integrating / sampling means divides the sweep period of the linear sweep voltage into integers according to a uniform sampling period. , The signal of the electrolytic current is integrated and sampled and is output in time series for each sampling period, so that the capacitive current component at each sampled value has exactly the same magnitude. Then, among the sample values at least three times stored in the storage means, the optimum difference between the two sample values, that is, S _n −S.
_The capacitive current component is removed by calculating _(na) by the subtraction processing means. As a result, an accurate wave height can be obtained when creating a voltammogram.

In the voltammetry according to the second aspect of the invention, the optimum two sample values S _n and S _(na) are selected, and the difference between these sample values, that is, S _n -S.
_{Since (na)} is plotted against the value of the linear sweep voltage,
The sensitivity of the detection signal is improved.

In the voltammetry according to the third aspect of the invention, noise due to the action potential inside the living body included in the detection signal is removed, so that accurate qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis can be performed.

In the voltammetry according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, since the value of a can be selected when the difference between the sample values is made, the sensitivity and separability of the detection signal can be switched, and the test substance can be detected. Will be easy to analyze.

In the voltammetry according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, by short-circuiting the working electrode and the reference electrode, the dirt attached to the working electrode can be removed and the inclination of the baseline is not increased. Can easily analyze the test substance.

In the linear sweep voltammetry apparatus according to the sixth aspect of the invention, the selecting means selects two optimum sample values S _n and S _(na), and the difference between these sample values, that is, , S _n −S _(na) are plotted against the linear sweep voltage value, so that the sensitivity of the detection signal is improved.

In the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the high frequency component removing device removes noise due to the action potential inside the living body included in the detection signal, so that accurate qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis can be performed. Can be done.

In the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the eighth aspect of the present invention, the sensitivity and resolution of the detection signal are switched by selecting the value of a by the selection switch, and the analyte is analyzed. Is easy.

In the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the ninth aspect of the present invention, the [a + 1] voltage holders connected in parallel to one integrating / sampling device have sampling periods of each other. Since the sample values having different orders are held, two optimum sample values can be selected from the held [a + 1] sample values and the difference between them can be taken, thereby improving the sensitivity of the detection signal.

In the linear sweep voltammetry apparatus according to the tenth aspect of the present invention, the voltage holders connected in series to the respective a integrators hold the sampled values whose sampling periods are different from each other. Therefore, it is possible to select two optimum sample values from the held a sample values and take the difference between them, thereby improving the sensitivity of the detection signal.

In the linear sweep voltammetry apparatus according to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, [a + 1] voltage holders connected in series to one integrating / sampling apparatus respectively hold the same. Since the existing sample values are transferred to the subsequent voltage holders at each sampling cycle and the sample values having different sampling cycle orders are held, two optimum samples among the held [a + 1] sample values The value can be selected and the difference can be taken, improving the sensitivity of the detection signal.

In the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the twelfth aspect of the present invention, the changeover switch short-circuits the working electrode and the reference electrode to remove dirt adhering to the working electrode. The test substance can be easily analyzed without increasing the slope of the line.

In the linear sweep voltammetry apparatus according to the thirteenth aspect of the present invention, the reference electrode is composed of the Ag / AgCl electrode having the self-electromotive force, so that the reference electrode is effective when short-circuited with the reference electrode. Dirt adhering to the electrodes is removed.

In the voltammetry according to the fourteenth aspect of the present invention, the electrolysis current is sampled for every M * N subdivision cycles, and these are converted into digital signals to obtain M.
Since the sum of the individual sample values is set to each of the N sample values Sn, the signal / noise ratio can be improved and the analyte can be easily analyzed without making the detection signal processing circuit complicated. It will be

In the voltammetry according to the fifteenth aspect of the present invention, since noise due to the action potential inside the living body included in the detection signal is removed, accurate qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis can be performed.

In the voltammetry according to the sixteenth aspect of the present invention, since the value of a can be selected when the difference between the sampled values is made, the sensitivity and separability of the detection signal can be switched and the test substance can be detected. Will be easy to analyze.

In the voltammetry according to the seventeenth aspect of the present invention, by short-circuiting the working electrode and the reference electrode, the dirt attached to the working electrode can be removed.
The analyte can be easily analyzed without increasing the slope of the baseline.

In the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the eighteenth aspect of the present invention, the electrolytic current is sampled for every M * N subdivision cycles, and these are sampled and converted into digital signals. The sum of the individual sample values is the N sample values S
Since n is set, the signal / noise ratio can be improved and the analyte can be easily analyzed without complicating the detection signal processing circuit.

In the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the nineteenth aspect of the present invention, since the waveform processing program for removing the high frequency component is stored in the memory device, it depends on the action potential inside the living body included in the detection signal. Noise can be removed and accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis can be performed.

In the linear sweep voltammetry apparatus according to the twentieth aspect of the present invention, since the memory apparatus stores a program for calculating each peak potential and peak value from the voltammogram, the detection signal processing circuit is complicated. The peak potential and the peak value are calculated from the voltammogram without using the above method.

In the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the twenty-first aspect of the present invention, a communication line interface unit is provided and the difference between two sample values is output to an external device.

In the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the twenty-second aspect of the present invention, the changeover switch short-circuits the working electrode and the reference electrode to remove dirt adhering to the working electrode. The test substance can be easily analyzed without increasing the slope of the line.

In the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the twenty-third aspect of the present invention, the reference electrode is composed of an Ag / AgCl electrode having self-electromotive force, and therefore, when the reference electrode is short-circuited, the action Dirt adhering to the electrodes is removed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a basic configuration of an apparatus used for a linear sweep voltammetry of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block circuit diagram of a linear sweep voltammetry device that is a first specific embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a timing chart of the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the first specific embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a block circuit diagram of a linear sweep voltammetry device according to a second specific embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a timing chart of a linear sweep voltammetry device according to a second specific embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a block circuit diagram of a linear sweep voltammetry device according to a third specific embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a timing chart of a linear sweep voltammetry device according to a third specific embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a functional block diagram of a linear sweep voltammetry device which is a fourth specific embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing the basic principle of a linear sweep voltammetry device that is a fourth specific embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a linear sweep voltammetry device according to a fourth specific embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a main routine of a program used in the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the fourth specific embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing an interrupt processing routine of a program used in the linear sweep voltammetry device according to the fourth specific embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a method of reading peak potential and peak value by a linear sweep voltammetry device which is a fourth specific embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14: Voltammogram for detection of rat brain amines.

FIG. 15 is a block circuit diagram showing a circuit configuration of a conventional differential pulse voltammetry device.

[Explanation of symbols]

4, 5 changeover switch, 7 counter electrode, 8 reference electrode, 9
Working electrode, 13 to 18 voltage holder, 19, 20 selection changeover switch, 31 sample hold unit, 32
A / D converter, 33 input interface, 34 C
PU, 35 RAM, 36 ROM, 37 timer input section, 38 control signal sending section, 39 linear sweep voltage generating section, 40 output interface, 41 communication interface, 101 linear sweep voltage generating apparatus, 102 switching apparatus, 103 electrolytic current detecting apparatus , 104 Current-
Voltage converter, 105 High frequency component remover, 106
Integration / sampling device, 107 storage device, 108 selection device, 109 subtraction processing device, 110 control device, 10
1'linear sweep voltage generating means, 102 'switching means,
103 'electrolytic current detection means, 104' current-voltage conversion means, 105 'high frequency component removal means, 106' integration / sampling means, 107 'storage means, 108' selection means, 109 'subtraction processing means, 110' control means .

Claims (23)

[Claims] 1. A linear sweep voltage generating means for generating a linear sweep voltage, a counter electrode provided in a test substance, a working electrode and a reference electrode, wherein the linear sweep voltage is between the counter electrode and the working electrode. When applied, electrolysis current detection means for detecting the electrolysis current at the working electrode, the signal of the electrolysis current, according to a uniform sampling period obtained by dividing the sweep period of the linear sweep voltage by an integer, Integral
Integration / sampling means for sampling and outputting a sample value for each sampling period; storage means for storing each sample value at least three points of time output from the integration / sampling means in time series; and Of at least three sample values stored in the storage means, a difference between two sample values is obtained by subtraction processing, and the difference is supplied to a recording / display device provided outside the means. A linear sweep voltammetry device comprising: 2. The sweep period of the linear sweep voltage of the primary output (voltage-current curve) of the linear sweep voltammogram is divided into N (where N is a positive integer) uniform sampling periods, and each of the samples is divided. The electrolytic current is integrated and sampled for each conversion cycle, and the sample value S of the nth cycle (n is an arbitrary integer from 1 to N)
_A linear sweep of the difference between _n and the sample value S _(na) of the [n−a] th period (a is 1 or more and an arbitrary integer selected sufficiently smaller than N ₎ , that is, S _n −S _(na) Voltammetry, which is characterized by plotting against voltage values to obtain a voltammogram. 3. The voltammetry according to claim 2, wherein high-frequency components are removed from the primary output, and then the integration / sampling process is performed. 4. The voltammetry according to claim 2, wherein the sensitivity and the resolution are switched by an operation of selecting the value of the integer a. 5. The working electrode and the reference electrode are externally short-circuited for a short time immediately before voltammetry is performed, using an electrode having an auto-electromotive force as the reference electrode. Voltammetry described in. 6. A three-electrode system in which a working electrode, a counter electrode and a reference electrode are provided in a test substance, a linear sweep voltage is applied between the working electrode and the counter electrode to detect an electrolytic current from the working electrode. Then, in a linear sweep voltammetry device for converting this into a voltage, a) a linear sweep voltage generator for issuing the linear sweep voltage, b) a sweep period of N (where N is a positive integer) uniform A controller that divides into sampling periods and generates a control signal, c) integrates a voltage obtained by converting the electrolytic current for each sampling period or each a period based on the control signal One or a number (however, a
Is an integer of 1 or more and an integer selected sufficiently smaller than N) d) [a + 1] (integration / sampling) which individually holds the outputs of the integration / sampling devices based on the control signal. (One device integrates for each cycle) or a (when a integration / sampling device integrates for each a cycle)
A voltage holder, e) from the voltage holder based on the control signal, N
The two sampling values S _{n of the n} sampling periods and the [n−a] th sampling value S _(na) of the N sampling periods are respectively held. Selecting means for selecting a voltage holder and outputting those holding values; and f) a difference between the two holding values is obtained by subtraction processing based on the control signal, and an output of the difference is recorded by a recorder or a display device. A linear sweep voltammetry device, comprising: 7. The high-frequency component removing device is provided in the preceding stage of the integrating / sampling device.
The linear sweep voltammetry device according to 1. 8. The linear sweep voltammetry device according to claim 6, wherein the selection means is a selection changeover switch. 9. The integration / sampling device is a single integration / sampling device which is reset by the control signal at each end of each cycle after successively integrating the voltage, and [a + 1]. Integrating the voltage
The linear sweep voltammetry device according to claim 6, 7, or 8, wherein the device is connected to a sampling device. 10. The integration / sampling device, after integrating the voltage, is reset by the control signal at the end of each a cycles, and the a integrations are sequentially operated with a delay of one cycle. A sampling device, each of which is individually connected to the a voltage holders;
9. The linear sweep voltammetry device according to claim 6, 7, or 8. 11. The integration / sampling device is a single integration / sampling device that is sequentially integrated by the voltage and then reset by the control signal at the end of each cycle, and the [a + 1] Each of the voltage holders has a function of transferring the held value to a succeeding holder in each cycle and holding the held value of the preceding stage, and in order to perform this function, Are connected in series, and the selecting means is configured to always select the first and [a + 1] th holders of the holders. Claims 6 and 7
The linear sweep voltammetry device according to any one of 1. 12. An electrode having self-electromotive force is used as a reference electrode, and a changeover switch for changing the terminal of the reference electrode to either the input terminal of the impedance converter or the terminal of the working electrode is provided. The linear sweep voltammetry device according to claim 6. 13. The linear sweep voltammetry device according to claim 12, wherein the reference electrode is an Ag / AgCl electrode. 14. A sweep period of a linear sweep voltage of a primary output (voltage-current curve) of a linear sweep voltammogram is divided into N (where N is a positive integer) uniform sampling periods, and each of the samples is divided. The electrolysis current is integrated and sampled for each conversion cycle, and the sample value S _{n of the nth} cycle (n is an arbitrary integer from 1 to N) and the [n−a] th cycle (a is 1 or more and sufficiently smaller than N In the voltammetry for plotting the difference between the sampled value S _(na ) of the period of the selected arbitrary integer), that is, S _n −S _(na) against the value of the linear sweep voltage to obtain the voltammogram, M sampling cycles (where M is a positive integer)
Is divided into uniform subdivided cycles, the electrolysis current is sampled for each subdivided cycle, and the sum of M individual sample values obtained by converting these into digital signals is added to each of the sample values S _n.
Voltammetry, which is characterized by 15. The voltammetry according to claim 14, wherein high-frequency components are removed from the individual sampled values, and addition processing is performed to obtain the sum of the M individual sampled values. 16. The voltammetry according to claim 14, wherein the sensitivity and the resolution are switched by the operation of selecting the value of the integer a. 17. The working electrode and the reference electrode are externally short-circuited for a short time immediately before voltammetry is performed, using an electrode having an auto-electromotive force as the reference electrode. Voltammetry described in. 18. A three-electrode system in which a working electrode, a counter electrode and a reference electrode are provided in a test substance, a linear sweep voltage is applied between the working electrode and the counter electrode to detect an electrolytic current from the working electrode. Then, in a linear sweep voltammetry device for converting this into a voltage, a) a linear sweep voltage generator for emitting the linear sweep voltage, b) M * N sweep periods (where M and N are positive, respectively). (Integer) uniform primary sampling period and issuing a control signal, c) the electrolytic current converted into the voltage, based on the control signal, for each M * N primary sampling period. A sample and hold section for sampling, d) an analog-to-digital converter for quantizing the output of the sample and hold section based on the control signal, e) the analog digitizer based on the control signal The transducer output No. n (n is the N secondary sample value obtained by adding M pieces by every arbitrary integer period from l to N (S
₁ to S _N ), the difference between the secondary sample values, S _n −S
_(na) [where S _n is the secondary sample value of the nth cycle, S _(na) is the [n−a] th (a is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and sufficiently smaller than N)
Representing a second-order sampled value of the cycle, respectively], and an optional write memory device for storing a measurement condition for the voltammetry and a status signal indicating an operating condition of the device, f) based on the control signal. A microprocessor unit having a timer interrupt function for executing a program, g) an interface unit for reading out the measurement condition based on the control signal and inputting the measurement condition into the microprocessor unit, h) the S based on the control signal An output interface unit that sequentially outputs the calculation result of _n − S _(na) together with the sweep voltage value according to the linear sweep voltage value, and i) Based on the control signal, each element of the above a) to h) is sequentially A linear sweep voltammetry device, comprising: a memory device storing the program to be controlled. Place. 19. The linear sweep voltammetry device according to claim 18, wherein the memory device stores a waveform processing program for removing a high frequency component from the primary sampled value. 20. The S _n -S is added to the memory device.
The linear sweep voltammetry device according to claim 18, wherein a program for calculating each peak potential and peak value from the voltammogram using the calculation result of _(na) is stored. 21. The linear sweep voltammetry device according to claim 18, further comprising a communication line interface unit connectable to an external device. 22. An electrode having an auto-electromotive force is used as a reference electrode, and a changeover switch for changing the reference electrode terminal to either an impedance converter input terminal or a working electrode terminal is provided. Claim 1
8. The linear sweep voltammetry device according to item 8. 23. The linear sweep voltammetry device of claim 22, wherein the reference electrode is an Ag / AgCl electrode.