JPH08295910A - Operation of blast furnace - Google Patents
Operation of blast furnaceInfo
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- JPH08295910A JPH08295910A JP10649895A JP10649895A JPH08295910A JP H08295910 A JPH08295910 A JP H08295910A JP 10649895 A JP10649895 A JP 10649895A JP 10649895 A JP10649895 A JP 10649895A JP H08295910 A JPH08295910 A JP H08295910A
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- Prior art keywords
- furnace
- distribution
- state
- blast furnace
- model
- Prior art date
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、高炉の円周方向の分布
を含む３次元方向の非定常状態をモデル化した３次元非
定常モデルと炉頂からの装入物の分布モデルとを用いて
非定常状態における高炉の操業をシミュレートし、シミ
ュレート結果が実炉における計測値と一致するようにモ
デルの一部のプロセス定数を修正した後、修正したモデ
ルを用いて、溶銑温度、溶銑中Ｓｉ濃度、炉内の圧力分
布、燃料比の時間的変化等、操業結果の良否に影響を及
ぼす因子の非定常状態が目標の操業結果が得られる非定
常状態となるような送風条件及び装入物分布を推定して
実炉の非定常状態における操業条件とする高炉の操業方
法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention uses a three-dimensional unsteady model which models a three-dimensional unsteady state including a circumferential distribution of a blast furnace and a distribution model of a charge from the furnace top. After simulating the operation of the blast furnace in an unsteady state, and modifying some process constants of the model so that the simulation results match the measured values in the actual furnace, the modified model is used to determine the hot metal temperature and hot metal. The blowing conditions and equipment are such that the unsteady state of the factors that influence the quality of the operation result, such as the medium Si concentration, the pressure distribution in the furnace, and the temporal change of the fuel ratio, become the unsteady state in which the target operation result is obtained. The present invention relates to a method of operating a blast furnace, which estimates the distribution of the incoming material and sets it as the operating condition in the unsteady state of the actual furnace.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】高炉は、炉内において、気固液３層が共
存し、互いに反応、相変化、及び熱交換を行いながら移
動する複雑な反応容器である。このような高炉の炉内現
象を、基礎実験、解体調査等の知見を基に、移動速度論
的に整理し、組み合わせることにより、高炉を近似的に
数学モデル化することが可能である。数学モデルとして
は１次元定常モデル（特公昭６１−６１２２号、特公昭
６１−６０１２４号、特公昭６３−２４０４４号、特公
平１−１２８０５号公報）、２次元定常モデル（特公平
６−２８８６号公報）等が開発されてきた。これらのモ
デルでは、高炉の３次元的な挙動を高さ方向のみ取り扱
い（１次元モデル）、又は円周方向の分布を均一とし、
さらに時間的にも状態の変化がないとした定常状態のみ
の解析に限定し（２次元モデル）、モデルを簡略化する
ことで炉内状態値を算出する計算量の減少を図って計算
機の応答性を上げている。2. Description of the Related Art A blast furnace is a complicated reaction vessel in which three gas-solid liquid layers coexist in the furnace and move while undergoing reaction, phase change, and heat exchange. It is possible to approximate a mathematical model of the blast furnace by arranging and combining these in-furnace phenomena of the blast furnace based on the knowledge of basic experiments, dismantling investigations, etc. in terms of movement kinetics. As a mathematical model, one-dimensional stationary model (Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-6122, Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-60124, Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-24044, Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-1805), two-dimensional stationary model (Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-2886). Gazette) etc. have been developed. In these models, the three-dimensional behavior of the blast furnace is treated only in the height direction (one-dimensional model), or the distribution in the circumferential direction is made uniform,
Furthermore, by limiting the analysis to only the steady state where there is no change in state over time (two-dimensional model), and simplifying the model, the amount of calculation for calculating the in-reactor state value is reduced and the response of the computer I'm getting better.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、高炉では、炉
下部の円周方向に設けられている複数の羽口より熱風を
送風するため、炉壁，充填層等の固体温度は円周方向に
分布し、高温域における反応挙動（ＳｉＯガスのような
気体の固体からの蒸発反応等）に差を生じさせると考え
られるが、上述のような１次元モデルでは高さ方向のみ
の分布を考慮し、また２次元モデルでは周方向の分布を
均一とし、定常状態のみの解析を行って計算を簡略化し
ているので、炉内状態の解析精度が低い。従って、この
ようなモデルによる炉内状態の解析結果を用いた操業シ
ミュレーションで高炉の操業条件を決定した場合、高炉
のスタートアップ時等のように、炉内状態の時間経過に
ともなう変化が大きい非定常状態における高炉の的確な
操業条件を推定できないという問題がある。However, in the blast furnace, hot air is blown from a plurality of tuyere provided in the lower part of the furnace, so that the solid temperature of the furnace wall, the packed bed, etc. is set in the circumferential direction. It is thought that the distribution occurs and causes a difference in the reaction behavior (evaporation reaction of a gas such as SiO gas from a solid) in the high temperature region. However, in the one-dimensional model as described above, the distribution only in the height direction is considered. Also, in the two-dimensional model, the distribution in the circumferential direction is made uniform, and only the steady state is analyzed to simplify the calculation, so the analysis accuracy of the in-core state is low. Therefore, when the operating conditions of the blast furnace are determined by the operational simulation using the analysis results of the in-furnace state by such a model, the unsteady state in which the in-reactor state changes greatly over time, such as when the blast furnace starts up. There is a problem that it is not possible to estimate the accurate operating conditions of the blast furnace in the state.
【０００４】本発明はこのような問題点を解決するため
になされたものであって、高炉の高さ方向、半径方向の
みならず、周方向を含む３次元方向の非定常状態を記述
する３次元非定常モデルを用いて高炉の操業をシミュレ
ートし、実炉での計測値と一致するように３次元非定常
モデルのプロセス定数及び装入物分布モデルによって算
出される炉頂での鉄鉱石及びコークスのそれぞれの堆積
層厚さ等の分布状態を修正し、修正後のモデルにより高
炉の操業を高精度にシミュレートすることにより、実炉
の操業条件が的確に決定できる高炉の操業方法の提供を
目的とする。The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and describes not only the height direction and the radial direction of the blast furnace but also the unsteady state in the three-dimensional direction including the circumferential direction. Ore at the top of the furnace calculated by the process constants and charge distribution model of the three-dimensional unsteady model to simulate the operation of the blast furnace using the three-dimensional unsteady model and to match the measured values in the actual furnace By correcting the distribution conditions such as the thickness of each layer of coke and coke and simulating the operation of the blast furnace with the corrected model with high accuracy, the operating conditions of the actual furnace can be accurately determined. For the purpose of provision.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の高炉の操業方法
は、その壁面の周方向に複数個設けられている羽口から
それぞれ炉内に吹き込まれた熱風が羽口から炉芯にかけ
て堆積しているコークスを通過して炉頂に上昇し、炉頂
から鉄鉱石と交互に装入されているコークスをＨ2 Ｏと
ＣＯ2 とによりガス化し、発生するＣＯとＨ2 により鉄
鉱石を半還元するとともに、半還元された鉄鉱石を前記
熱風が溶融して完全還元し、完全還元された溶銑が炉芯
のコークス層を通って滴下し、炉床に湯溜りを形成すべ
くなしてある高炉の、時間経過に伴って変化する非定常
状態を気相・液相・固相それぞれの物質収支、運動量収
支、及びエネルギー収支に関連付けて表した状態モデル
を用いて推測して非定常状態における実炉の操業条件を
決定する高炉の操業方法において、炉頂における鉄鉱石
及びコークスの分布状態を表した装入物分布モデルによ
り鉄鉱石及びコークスの炉頂における分布状態を算出
し、炉内の高さ方向、径方向、及び周方向における炉内
の気相・液相・固相それぞれの非定常状態を表した３次
元状態モデルに、時間経過に伴ってその値が変化し得る
プロセス定数と、前記装入物分布モデルにより算出され
た前記分布状態と、羽口への送風条件とを与えて高炉の
操業をシミュレートし、銑鉄生産速度、炉頂のガス組成
分布、炉頂温度分布、炉内の圧力分布、溶銑温度、及び
溶銑中Ｓｉ濃度のうちの少なくとも１つを含む、高炉の
操業結果の良否に影響を及ぼす要因の非定常状態を推定
し、該要因の非定常状態を実炉にて測定し、推定値と実
測値とが一致するように、３次元状態モデルの前記プロ
セス定数と、前記装入物分布モデルにより算出された前
記分布状態とを修正した後、前記要因の非定常状態が、
目的の操業結果が得られる非定常状態となるように、修
正後の３次元状態モデルによる高炉の操業シミュレーシ
ョンを基にして装入物分布と羽口への送風条件とを推定
し、推定した装入物分布及び羽口への送風条件を実炉の
操業条件とすることを特徴とする。According to the method of operating a blast furnace of the present invention, hot air blown into the furnace from a plurality of tuyere provided in the circumferential direction of the wall surface is accumulated from the tuyere to the core of the furnace. Coke passing through the coke that has risen to the top of the furnace, the coke charged alternately with the iron ore from the top of the furnace is gasified with H 2 O and CO 2, and the iron ore is halved by the generated CO and H 2. Along with the reduction, the hot air melts and completely reduces the semi-reduced iron ore, and the completely reduced hot metal drips through the coke layer of the furnace core to form a basin in the hearth. In the unsteady state, the unsteady state of the blast furnace, which changes with time, is estimated using the state model that is expressed in relation to the mass balance, momentum balance, and energy balance of the gas, liquid, and solid phases. Operation of blast furnace which determines operating conditions of real furnace In the method, the distribution state of iron ore and coke at the furnace top is calculated by a charge distribution model that represents the distribution state of iron ore and coke at the furnace top, and the height direction, the radial direction, and the circumferential direction in the furnace are calculated. Calculated by the three-dimensional state model showing the non-steady state of each of gas phase, liquid phase, and solid phase in the furnace, the process constant whose value can change with time, and the charge distribution model. The distribution state and conditions for blowing air to the tuyere are given to simulate the operation of the blast furnace, and the pig iron production rate, the gas composition distribution at the furnace top, the furnace top temperature distribution, the pressure distribution inside the furnace, the hot metal temperature, and the hot metal. The unsteady state of factors that affect the quality of the operation results of the blast furnace, including at least one of the medium Si concentrations, is estimated, the unsteady state of the factors is measured in an actual furnace, and the estimated and measured values 3D state model Said process constant Le, after modifying the said distribution state calculated by the burden distribution model, the unsteady state of the factors,
In order to obtain an unsteady state in which the desired operation result can be obtained, the distribution of the charge and the blowing condition to the tuyere are estimated based on the operation simulation of the blast furnace by the corrected three-dimensional state model, and the estimated equipment is installed. It is characterized in that the distribution of the incoming matter and the conditions for blowing air to the tuyere are the operating conditions of the actual furnace.
【０００６】[0006]
【作用】図１は本発明の高炉の操業方法（以下、本発明
方法という）の手順の概略を示すフローチャート、図２
は本発明方法を実施する高炉の模式図である。炉内の気
相・液相・固相の状態を記述する物質収支・運動量収支
・エネルギー収支の数式からなり、高炉の周方向を含む
３次元方向の非定常状態を推定する３次元非定常モデル
（後に詳述する）に、鉄鉱石の還元反応速度定数・炉芯
の空隙率・固気間熱伝達係数・気液接触面積等、時間経
過に伴ってその値が変化し得るプロセス定数と、鉱石／
コークスの落下高さ，落下速度，鉱石／コークスの装入
具である大ベルの角度，装入物と大ベル面との摩擦係数
等を導入した所定の計算式からなる装入物分布モデルに
より算出された、炉頂における鉄鉱石・コークスのそれ
ぞれの粒子径、堆積層厚さ等の分布状態と、解析対象の
実炉における羽口からの送風条件とを与えて解析対象の
高炉の操業をシミュレートし、高炉の操業結果の良否に
影響を及ぼす要因である、銑鉄生産速度・炉頂のガス組
成分布・炉頂温度分布・炉内の圧力分布・溶銑温度・溶
銑中Ｓｉ濃度を推定する（Ｓ１〜Ｓ３）。一方、これら
の銑鉄生産速度・炉頂のガス組成分布・炉頂温度分布・
炉内の圧力分布・溶銑温度・溶銑中Ｓｉ濃度を、ガス分
析計、垂直ゾンデ、圧力計、水平ゾンデ、温度計等の計
測端により実炉において計測する（Ｓ４）。FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing an outline of the procedure of a method for operating a blast furnace of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the method of the present invention).
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a blast furnace for carrying out the method of the present invention. A three-dimensional unsteady model for estimating the unsteady state in the three-dimensional direction including the circumferential direction of the blast furnace, which consists of mathematical equations of mass balance, momentum balance, and energy balance that describe the states of the gas, liquid, and solid phases in the furnace (Detailed below), process constants whose values can change over time, such as reduction rate constant of iron ore, porosity of furnace core, solid-gas heat transfer coefficient, gas-liquid contact area, etc., ore/
By the charge distribution model consisting of a predetermined calculation formula that introduces the drop height of the coke, the drop velocity, the angle of the large bell that is the ore / coke charging tool, and the coefficient of friction between the charging and the large bell surface. Operation of the blast furnace to be analyzed is given by giving the calculated distribution of the particle size of iron ore and coke at the furnace top, the thickness of the deposited layer, etc., and the ventilation conditions from the tuyeres of the actual furnace to be analyzed. Simulate and estimate the pig iron production rate, the gas composition distribution at the furnace top, the furnace top temperature distribution, the pressure distribution inside the furnace, the hot metal temperature, and the Si concentration in the hot metal, which are the factors that affect the quality of the blast furnace operation results. (S1 to S3). On the other hand, these pig iron production rates, gas composition distribution at the furnace top, furnace temperature distribution,
The pressure distribution in the furnace, the hot metal temperature, and the Si concentration in the hot metal are measured in the actual furnace by measuring ends such as a gas analyzer, a vertical probe, a pressure gauge, a horizontal probe, and a thermometer (S4).
【０００７】３次元非定常モデルにおいて、時間の経過
とともに変化する流体の流れ状況、固体の接触状況等に
よりその値が変化し得るプロセス定数、例えば、鉄鉱石
の還元反応速度定数、炉芯の空隙率、固気間熱伝達係
数、気液接触面積等と、装入物分布モデルにより算出し
た堆積層厚さとを、前述の両モデルによる推定値と実炉
での実測値とが一致するように修正する（Ｓ５）。その
後、修正した３次元非定常モデルを用いて、操業結果に
影響を及ぼす要因である溶銑温度、溶銑中Ｓｉ濃度、炉
内の圧力分布、コークスの燃料比の時間的変化等の非定
常状態が目標の操業結果が得られる非定常状態となる装
入物分布及び羽口への送風条件を推測し（Ｓ６）、これ
らの条件を実炉の操業条件とする（Ｓ７）。In a three-dimensional unsteady model, a process constant whose value can change depending on the flow condition of a fluid, the contact condition of a solid, etc., which changes with the passage of time, for example, the reduction reaction rate constant of iron ore, the void of the furnace core. The rate, the solid-gas heat transfer coefficient, the gas-liquid contact area, etc., and the deposit thickness calculated by the charge distribution model should be the same as the estimated values by both models and the actual measured values in the actual furnace. Correct (S5). Then, using the modified three-dimensional unsteady model, the unsteady state such as the hot metal temperature, the Si concentration in the hot metal, the pressure distribution in the furnace, and the temporal change of the fuel ratio of coke, which are the factors that affect the operation result, are determined. The charge distribution and the air blowing conditions to the tuyere that are in an unsteady state where the target operation result is obtained are estimated (S6), and these conditions are set as the operating conditions of the actual furnace (S7).
【０００８】[0008]
【実施例】図３は本発明方法に用いる高炉３次元非定常
モデルの構成概要を示す模式図である。羽口から炉芯に
かけて逆Ｖ字状に堆積しているコークスのうち、羽口に
近いレースウェイのコークスが羽口からの送風によって
燃焼・運動し、羽口から送風された熱風とコークスとの
反応熱によりガス温度が上昇する。ガスはコークス層の
表面層を通って炉頂に上昇し、炉頂から交互に装入され
ている鉱石及びコークスに付着している水分を蒸発させ
て鉱石・コークスを乾燥、除々に加熱し、さらにコーク
スをＨ2 ＯとＣＯ2 とによりガス化し、ガス化により発
生するＨ2 とＣＯとによって鉱石中の鉄と結合している
酸素の大半が除かれる（間接還元）。間接還元された鉱
石は熱と荷重により半溶融状になり、隣り合った粒子同
志が溶着し、逆Ｖ字状に堆積しているコークス層の表面
に融着帯が形成される。一旦溶着した鉱石はより高温の
環境下でさらに還元され（直接還元）、溶銑は逆Ｖ字状
に堆積しているコークスの表面層（滴下帯）を浸炭反応
を起こしながら、炉芯コークスを通過して炉底に滴下
し、湯溜りを形成する。EXAMPLE FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an outline of the structure of a blast furnace three-dimensional unsteady model used in the method of the present invention. Of the coke accumulated in an inverted V shape from the tuyere to the furnace core, the raceway coke near the tuyere burns and moves due to the air blown from the tuyere, and the hot air blown from the tuyere and the coke. The gas temperature rises due to the heat of reaction. The gas rises to the furnace top through the surface layer of the coke layer, evaporates the water adhering to the ore and the coke charged alternately from the furnace top to dry the ore and coke, and gradually heats them, Further, the coke is gasified with H 2 O and CO 2, and most of the oxygen bound to iron in the ore is removed by the H 2 and CO generated by the gasification (indirect reduction). The indirectly reduced ore becomes semi-molten by heat and load, adjacent particles are welded to each other, and a cohesive zone is formed on the surface of the coke layer deposited in an inverted V shape. The ore once deposited is further reduced in a higher temperature environment (direct reduction), and the hot metal passes through the furnace core coke while causing a carburizing reaction on the surface layer of the coke deposited in an inverted V shape (dripping zone). Then, it is dripped on the bottom of the furnace to form a basin.
【０００９】次に、本発明方法に用いる３次元非定常モ
デルを記述する支配方程式である気液固３相それぞれの
物質・運動量・エネルギーの収支式について具体的に説
明する。なお、式中の添え字、ｇはガスを、ｓは固体
を、またｌは液体を表す。 (a) 気相の物質収支 気相の成分ｋの質量収支は式(1) で表される。Next, a substance / momentum / energy balance equation for each of the gas-liquid solid three phases, which is a governing equation for describing the three-dimensional unsteady model used in the method of the present invention, will be specifically described. In the formula, the subscript g represents gas, s represents solid, and l represents liquid. (a) Gas phase mass balance The mass balance of the gas phase component k is expressed by equation (1).
【００１０】[0010]
【数１】 [Equation 1]
【００１１】さらに、式(1) を成分ｋについて加算し、
気相に関する連続の式として式(2)を得る。Further, equation (1) is added for the component k,
Equation (2) is obtained as a continuous equation regarding the gas phase.
【００１２】[0012]
【数２】 [Equation 2]
【００１３】(b) 気相のエネルギー収支 気相側のエネルギー収支は式(3) で表される。(B) Gas phase energy balance The energy balance on the gas phase side is expressed by equation (3).
【００１４】[0014]
【数３】 (Equation 3)
【００１５】(c) 気相の運動量収支 気体が充填粒子層を通過する抵抗が充填層における気体
の圧力損失をモデル化したERGUN 式に従うと仮定する
と、気相における運動量収支は式(4) で表される。(C) Momentum balance in the gas phase Assuming that the resistance of the gas to pass through the packed particle bed follows the ERGUN equation that models the pressure loss of the gas in the packed bed, the momentum balance in the gas phase is given by equation (4). expressed.
【００１６】[0016]
【数４】 [Equation 4]
【００１７】(d) 固相の物質収支 固体粒子として、焼結鉱とコークスとを考える。焼結鉱
及びコークス粒子内の成分ｋの物質収支は式(5) で表さ
れる。但し、ｎは焼結鉱及びコークスを表す。(D) Solid-phase mass balance Consider sinter and coke as solid particles. The mass balance of the component k in the sinter and coke particles is expressed by equation (5). However, n represents a sinter or coke.
【００１８】[0018]
【数５】 (Equation 5)
【００１９】成分ｋについて式(5) を加算して式(6) を
得る。Equation (5) is added to the component k to obtain Equation (6).
【００２０】[0020]
【数６】 (Equation 6)
【００２１】さらに、式(6) を成分ｎについて加算し、
固相に関する連続の式として式(7)を得る。Further, equation (6) is added for the component n,
Equation (7) is obtained as a continuous equation for the solid phase.
【００２２】[0022]
【数７】 (Equation 7)
【００２３】(e) 固相のエネルギー収支 コークスと焼結鉱とに温度差がないと仮定した場合、固
相のエネルギー収支は式(8) で表される。(E) Solid phase energy balance Assuming that there is no temperature difference between the coke and the sinter, the solid phase energy balance is expressed by equation (8).
【００２４】[0024]
【数８】 (Equation 8)
【００２５】(f) 固相の運動量収支 固相の運動方程式として、本実施例ではKinematic モデ
ルを用いる。Kinematic モデルの支配方程式は、重力方
向をｙ方向、流速ベクトルの成分を（Ｕs ，Ｖ s ，
Ｗs ）とした場合、式(9) で表される。(F) Momentum balance of solid phase As the equation of motion of the solid phase, in this embodiment, the Kinematic model is used.
Use The governing equation of the Kinematic model is gravity
Direction is the y direction, and the component of the velocity vector is (Us, V s,
Ws), It is expressed by equation (9).
【００２６】[0026]
【数９】 [Equation 9]
【００２７】Ｖs については、式(9) を固相の連続の式
である式(7) に代入して求める。 (g) 粒子体積に関する保存式 ガス化や、溶銑への浸炭反応等の固体粒子の消滅反応を
界面反応として記述すれば、粒子１個の体積をＶpnとし
た場合、粒子体積変化はラグランシュ微分を用いて式(1
0)のように表される。The V s is obtained by substituting the equation (9) into the equation (7) which is a continuous equation of the solid phase. (g) Conservative equation regarding particle volume If the annihilation reaction of solid particles such as carburizing reaction to hot metal is described as an interfacial reaction, when the volume of one particle is V pn , the particle volume change is laglanche. Equation (1
It is expressed as 0).
【００２８】[0028]
【数１０】 [Equation 10]
【００２９】(h) 液相の物質収支 液相の成分ｋの物質収支は式(11)で表される。(H) Material Balance of Liquid Phase The material balance of the component k of the liquid phase is expressed by the equation (11).
【００３０】[0030]
【数１１】 [Equation 11]
【００３１】さらに、成分ｋについて式(11)を加算する
と式(12)が得られる。Further, when the equation (11) is added to the component k, the equation (12) is obtained.
【００３２】[0032]
【数１２】 (Equation 12)
【００３３】(i) 液相のエネルギー収支 固体及び気体との熱交換を考慮した液相のエネルギー収
支は式(13)で表される。なお、液相は分散相であるか
ら、熱拡散は考慮しないものとする。(I) Energy Balance of Liquid Phase Energy balance of the liquid phase in consideration of heat exchange with solid and gas is expressed by the equation (13). Since the liquid phase is a dispersed phase, thermal diffusion is not considered.
【００３４】[0034]
【数１３】 (Equation 13)
【００３５】(j) 液相の運動量収支 充填層内を滴下する流体は垂直滴下を仮定し、運動量収
支として滴下速度を与える。(J) Momentum Balance of Liquid Phase The fluid dripping in the packed bed is assumed to be vertical dripping, and the dripping speed is given as the momentum balance.
【００３６】図４は以上のような式(1) 〜(13)で表され
る３次元非定常モデルを解析して炉内の３次元非定常状
態を推定する手順を示すフローチャートである。モデル
は完全自立型であり、装入物の炉頂での条件、羽口への
送風条件、及び炉壁での熱的条件を与えると、実炉運転
と基本的に同じ高炉の操業をシミュレートし、銑鉄生産
速度、及び３次元方向での炉頂のガス組成分布、炉頂温
度分布、炉内の圧力分布、溶銑温度、溶銑中Ｓｉ濃度等
を算出する。FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a procedure for estimating the three-dimensional unsteady state in the furnace by analyzing the three-dimensional unsteady model represented by the above equations (1) to (13). The model is completely self-sustaining, and if the conditions of the top of the charged material, the conditions of air blowing to the tuyere, and the thermal conditions of the furnace wall are given, the operation of the blast furnace, which is basically the same as the actual furnace operation, is simulated. Then, the pig iron production rate, the gas composition distribution of the furnace top in the three-dimensional direction, the furnace top temperature distribution, the pressure distribution in the furnace, the hot metal temperature, the Si concentration in the hot metal, etc. are calculated.
【００３７】即ち、上述の式(1) 〜(13)を適切な境界条
件と初期条件との下に連成し、時間進展することによ
り、各格子点の３次元方向の非定常状態が算出される。
このとき、格子系にはスタガード格子を採用し、任意形
状領域の処理は、境界適合格子による差分法を用いた。
解析アルゴリズムは流体解析で一般的な流速と圧力との
同時緩和法であるSOLA法を改良して用いた。図４に示し
た順に、ガス流れモデル、固体流れモデル、ガス相温度
Ｔg ・固相温度Ｔs ・液相温度Ｔl の連立解、ガス相の
質量分率ｘgk、液相の質量分率ｘlk、固相の質量分率ｘ
sk、及び粒子径を求める。以上を格子点毎に繰り返し、
３次元方向の炉内状態が算出される。That is, the above equations (1) to (13) are coupled under appropriate boundary conditions and initial conditions, and the unsteady state of each lattice point in the three-dimensional direction is calculated by time evolution. To be done.
At this time, a staggered grid was adopted as the grid system, and a difference method using a boundary conforming grid was used for the processing of the arbitrarily shaped region.
As the analysis algorithm, the SOLA method, which is a general method for simultaneous relaxation of flow velocity and pressure in fluid analysis, is used by improving it. In the order shown in FIG. 4, gas flow model, solid flow model, simultaneous solution of gas phase temperature T g , solid phase temperature T s , liquid phase temperature T l , mass fraction of gas phase x gk , mass fraction of liquid phase Rate x lk , solid phase mass fraction x
Calculate sk and particle size. Repeat the above for each grid point,
The in-furnace state in the three-dimensional direction is calculated.
【００３８】図５(a) は羽口近傍を３次元解析した場合
の周方向の各断面におけるガス流れと温度分布との状態
を示す図であり、図５(b) は羽口近傍の液相及び固相に
おけるガス流れと温度分布との解析結果を２次元解析と
比較して示した図である。図から明らかなように、３次
元解析では羽口近傍の固相における周方向の温度分布が
解析されている。従って、高温域における反応挙動（Ｓ
ｉＯガスのような気体の固体からの蒸発反応）の解析精
度が高いと考えられる。FIG. 5 (a) is a diagram showing the state of gas flow and temperature distribution in each cross section in the circumferential direction when the vicinity of the tuyere is analyzed three-dimensionally, and FIG. 5 (b) is the liquid near the tuyere. It is the figure which showed the analysis result of the gas flow in a phase and a solid phase, and temperature distribution compared with two-dimensional analysis. As is clear from the figure, in the three-dimensional analysis, the circumferential temperature distribution in the solid phase near the tuyere is analyzed. Therefore, the reaction behavior (S
It is considered that the accuracy of analysis of the evaporation reaction from a solid such as iO gas) is high.
【００３９】また、図６は本発明方法に用いた３次元非
定常モデルにより高炉のスタートアップ時における液相
及びガス相での非定常な流れ及び温度を解析した結果を
示す図である。このように、急激な変化を伴う非定常な
炉内挙動についても安定に計算することができ、実炉で
の計測値（温度の推移、炉頂ガス組成等）との一致も良
いことが分かった。なお、167 時間以上では炉内の状態
変数はほとんど変化しなくなるので、定常解が得られ
る。FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the results of analyzing the unsteady flow and temperature in the liquid phase and the gas phase at the startup of the blast furnace by the three-dimensional unsteady model used in the method of the present invention. In this way, it is possible to stably calculate the unsteady behavior in the furnace accompanied by abrupt changes, and it is found that the agreement with the measured values (temperature transition, furnace top gas composition, etc.) in the actual furnace is good. It was It should be noted that, after 167 hours, the state variables in the reactor hardly change, so a steady solution can be obtained.
【００４０】[0040]
【発明の効果】以上のように、本発明方法は、高炉の高
さ方向、半径方向のみならず、周方向を含む３次元方向
の非定常状態を記述する３次元非定常モデルを用いて高
炉の操業をシミュレートし、実炉での計測値と一致する
ように３次元非定常モデルのプロセス定数及び装入物分
布モデルによって算出される炉頂での鉄鉱石及びコーク
スのそれぞれの堆積層厚さ等の分布状態を修正し、修正
後のモデルにより高炉の操業を高精度にシミュレートす
るので、実炉の操業条件が的確に決定できるという優れ
た効果を奏する。As described above, the method of the present invention uses the three-dimensional unsteady model that describes the unsteady state in the three-dimensional direction including the circumferential direction as well as the height direction and the radial direction of the blast furnace. Of the iron ore and coke deposits at the top of the furnace calculated by the three-dimensional unsteady model process constants and the charge distribution model to simulate the operation of the Since the distribution state of the blast furnace is corrected and the corrected model is used to simulate the operation of the blast furnace with high accuracy, the operating condition of the actual furnace can be accurately determined.
【図１】本発明方法の手順を示すフローチャートであ
る。FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the method of the present invention.
【図２】本発明方法を実施する高炉の模式図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a blast furnace for carrying out the method of the present invention.
【図３】本発明方法に用いる３次元非定常モデルの構成
概要を示す模式図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration outline of a three-dimensional unsteady model used in the method of the present invention.
【図４】本発明方法に用いる３次元非定常モデルの解析
手順を示すフローチャートである。FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an analysis procedure of a three-dimensional unsteady model used in the method of the present invention.
【図５】２次元解析と３次元解析とによる解析結果の比
較を示す図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram showing comparison of analysis results by two-dimensional analysis and three-dimensional analysis.
【図６】本発明方法に用いた３次元非定常モデルによる
高炉のスタートアップ時の計算例（気体及び液体の流れ
と温度）を示す図である。FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a calculation example (flows and temperatures of gas and liquid) at the time of startup of the blast furnace by the three-dimensional unsteady model used in the method of the present invention.
Claims (2)
る羽口からそれぞれ炉内に吹き込まれた熱風が羽口から
炉芯にかけて堆積しているコークスを通過して炉頂に上
昇し、炉頂から鉄鉱石と交互に装入されているコークス
をガス化して鉄鉱石を半還元するとともに、半還元され
た鉄鉱石を前記熱風が溶融して完全還元し、完全還元さ
れた溶銑が炉芯のコークス層を通って滴下し、炉床に湯
溜りを形成すべくなしてある高炉の、時間経過に伴って
変化する非定常状態を気相・液相・固相それぞれの物質
収支、運動量収支、及びエネルギー収支に関連付けて表
した状態モデルを用いて推測して非定常状態における実
炉の操業条件を決定する高炉の操業方法において、炉頂
における鉄鉱石及びコークスの分布状態を表した装入物
分布モデルにより鉄鉱石及びコークスの炉頂における分
布状態を算出し、炉内の高さ方向、径方向、及び周方向
における炉内の気相・液相・固相それぞれの非定常状態
を表した３次元状態モデルに、時間経過に伴ってその値
が変化し得るプロセス定数と、前記装入物分布モデルに
より算出された前記分布状態と、羽口への送風条件とを
与えて高炉の操業をシミュレートし、高炉の操業結果の
良否に影響を及ぼす要因の非定常状態を推定し、該要因
の非定常状態を実炉にて測定し、推定値と実測値とが一
致するように、３次元状態モデルの前記プロセス定数
と、前記装入物分布モデルにより算出された前記分布状
態とを修正した後、前記要因の非定常状態が、目的の操
業結果が得られる非定常状態となるように、修正後の３
次元状態モデルによる高炉の操業シミュレーションを基
にして装入物分布と羽口への送風条件とを推定し、推定
した装入物分布及び羽口への送風条件を実炉の操業条件
とすることを特徴とする高炉の操業方法。1. Hot air blown into the furnace from a plurality of tuyere provided in the circumferential direction of the wall surface passes through the coke deposited from the tuyere to the core of the furnace and rises to the top of the furnace, The coke charged alternately with the iron ore from the furnace top is gasified to semi-reduce the iron ore, and the semi-reduced iron ore is melted and completely reduced by the hot air, and the completely reduced hot metal is the furnace. The unsteady state of the blast furnace, which drips through the coke layer of the core and forms a pool of water in the hearth, changes with time, and the mass balance and momentum of each of gas phase, liquid phase, and solid phase. In the operation method of the blast furnace in which the operating conditions of the actual furnace in the unsteady state are estimated by using the state model expressed in relation to the balance and energy balance, the distribution of iron ore and coke at the furnace top is represented. Iron by distribution model A three-dimensional model that calculates the distribution of ore and coke at the top of the furnace and represents the unsteady state of the gas, liquid, and solid phases in the furnace in the height, radial, and circumferential directions. In, the process constant whose value can change with the passage of time, the distribution state calculated by the charging distribution model, and the blowing conditions to the tuyere are given to simulate the operation of the blast furnace, Estimate the unsteady state of the factors that affect the quality of the operation results of the blast furnace, measure the unsteady state of the factors in the actual furnace, and make sure that the three-dimensional model After correcting the process constants and the distribution state calculated by the charge distribution model, the unsteady state of the factor becomes a non-steady state in which the desired operation result is obtained, Three
Estimate the distribution of the charge and the air condition to the tuyere based on the blast furnace operation simulation by the three-dimensional state model, and use the estimated charge distribution and the air condition to the tuyere as the operating condition of the actual furnace. Blast furnace operation method characterized by.
組成分布、炉頂温度分布、炉内の圧力分布、溶銑温度、
及び溶銑中Ｓｉ濃度のうちの少なくとも１つを含む請求
項１記載の高炉の操業方法。2. The factors are: pig iron production rate, gas composition distribution at the furnace top, temperature distribution at the furnace top, pressure distribution in the furnace, hot metal temperature,
The method for operating a blast furnace according to claim 1, further comprising at least one of Si concentration in the hot metal.
Priority Applications (1)
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP7106498A JP3033466B2 (en) | 1995-04-28 | 1995-04-28 | Blast furnace operation method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7106498A JP3033466B2 (en) | 1995-04-28 | 1995-04-28 | Blast furnace operation method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH08295910A true JPH08295910A (en) | 1996-11-12 |
| JP3033466B2 JP3033466B2 (en) | 2000-04-17 |
Family
ID=14435107
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP7106498A Expired - Lifetime JP3033466B2 (en) | 1995-04-28 | 1995-04-28 | Blast furnace operation method |
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