JPH08263114A - Control method of nc machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To shorten an unnecessary braking time and an acceleration time and to optionally place plural operation parts in synchronism with operation and release it without generating a step or stripe on a cut surface of a work even during cutting work. CONSTITUTION: The NC machine tool in program operation is placed in in- operation synchronous mode with an in-operation synchronization instruction of the program. Then a cutting table 2 being a 2nd operation part is moved to a standby position and a cutting table 1 being a 1st operation part begins to perform cutting operation, and it is judged at all times whether or the cutting table 1 reaches an in-operation synchronous start position and when it reaches the in-operation synchronous start position, the in-operation synchronization of the cutting table 2 is started. Consequently, the cutting table 2 moves synchronously following up the movement of the cutting table 1. Then it is judged whether or not the cutting table 1 returns to the in-operation start position, and when it returns there, the in-operation synchronization is released. Then the in-operation synchronization mode is ended from an in-operation synchronization releare instruction.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a control method for simultaneously operating (moving) a plurality of moving parts such as a moving tool rest in an NC machine tool such as an NC (numerical control) lathe while maintaining a fixed positional relationship.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, NC machine tools such as NC lathes, machining centers (MCs) and NC milling machines have been used for machining various parts. These NC machine tools control the operation of each operation part such as the spindle and the tool post by performing a machining program that is read into the NC device during operation, or by executing a machining program that is read or created in advance and stored. Can be done automatically.

For example, in the NC lathe, the NC device rotates the spindle and moves the spindle in the direction of the center line (Z direction) according to a machining program, and in the X and Y directions of the tool rest (in a plane orthogonal to the Z direction). A machine tool that controls the movement in two directions (orthogonal to each other) or in the Z direction, and uses a tool (blade) attached to a tool post to perform machining such as cutting or drilling on the material (workpiece) held on the spindle. is there.

[0004] Further, there are demands for higher processing speed of such NC machine tools, more complicated processing steps, higher processing accuracy, and expansion of functions (general versatility). Therefore, a single machine tool is provided with a large number of axes and moving parts such as a moving tool rest, and the working parts interfere with each other during operation, damaging the tool (cutting tool) or making the work defective. There is a fear.

Therefore, an N having a plurality of such operating parts
In C machine tools, interference is avoided by a synchronous operation in which a plurality of operating parts are simultaneously operated (moved) while maintaining a fixed positional relationship. In that case, conventionally, the synchronization operation is started from a state in which a plurality of operation units to be synchronized are stopped. When it is desired to start the synchronous operation in the middle of the series of operations, the series of operations is forcibly divided into two, and once stopped, the synchronous operation is started. Even when the synchronization is released during the operation, it is necessary to stop the plurality of operating units which are also operating in the same manner and then release the synchronization.

[0006]

However, the synchronous operation is started from the state where the plurality of operating units are stopped in this way, and the plurality of operating units that are operating synchronously are once stopped, and then the synchronization is released. If the control is performed in this manner, there is a problem that it takes an extra braking time to stop the operation unit and an acceleration time to return to the speed before the stop. Further, if stopped during cutting, a step or streak may occur on the cutting surface of the product (workpiece).

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, reduces unnecessary braking time and acceleration time, and does not cause a step or a streak on the cutting surface of a workpiece during cutting. The purpose is to enable a plurality of operating units to operate in synchronization at will and to release them.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an NC machine tool control method for performing synchronous control for simultaneously operating a plurality of operating parts while maintaining a fixed positional relationship. It is characterized by having a process.

(1) During program operation of the NC machine tool,
A first operation unit serving as a reference for performing in-operation synchronization, which is in-operation synchronization information specified by an in-operation synchronization command of a program, and a second operation unit that operates in synchronization with the first operation unit; The relationship between the in-operation synchronization start position, which is the position of the first operation unit where the second operation unit starts in-operation synchronization, and the relationship between the first operation unit and the second operation unit that are executing the operation synchronization Deciphering the synchronization method, and setting the NC device of the NC machine tool into the in-operation synchronization mode in which the in-operation synchronization is started when the first operation unit reaches the in-operation synchronization start position designated by the in-operation synchronization command,

(2) When the operation command of the first operation unit is executed and the operation is started, the NC device of the NC machine tool determines whether the first operation unit has reached the synchronization start position during operation. The step of always judging and starting the operating synchronization according to the synchronization method specified by the operating synchronization command when the operating synchronization start position is reached, (3) canceling the operating synchronization by the operating synchronization release command of the program Ending the running sync mode,

The steps (1) and (2) may be replaced with the following steps. (1 ') During the program operation of the NC machine tool, the first operation unit serving as a reference for performing the operation synchronization, which is the operation synchronization information specified by the program operation synchronization command, and synchronization with the first operation unit The second operation unit that operates in the following manner, the relative position of the first operation unit and the second operation unit that starts synchronization during operation of the second operation unit, and the first position during execution of synchronization during operation. By decoding the synchronization method indicating the relationship between the operating unit and the second operating unit, the NC device of the NC machine tool is synchronized during operation when the first operating unit reaches the relative position specified by the operating synchronization command. (2 ') When the operation command of the first operation unit is executed to start the operation, the NC device of the NC machine tool causes the NC device of the NC machine tool to start the operation in the synchronous mode. It is always judged whether the second motion part is in the relative position, and A step of starting the running synchronized according to the synchronization method specified by operating in synchronization instruction time was,

The operating synchronization information can be designated by an argument of the operating synchronization command. The number or symbol given to the in-operation synchronization command serves as a reference for performing in-operation synchronization which is set in advance in the in-operation synchronization information storage section of the NC device of the NC machine tool for each number or symbol. And the second operation unit that operates in synchronization with the first operation unit, and the in-operation synchronization start position that is the position of the first operation unit where the second operation unit starts synchronization during operation. And a synchronization method indicating the relationship between the first operation unit and the second operation unit that are executing the in-operation synchronization may be read from the in-operation synchronization information storage unit.

Then, during execution of the in-operation synchronization, the in-operation synchronization is released when the second operation unit returns to the position which was waiting before starting the in-operation synchronization. Further, it is preferable to cancel the operating synchronization even when the second operation unit tries to exceed the operating limit during execution of the operating synchronization. It is also possible to operate a plurality of second operation units in synchronization with the first operation unit. Further, a step of operating the third operation unit in synchronization with the second operation unit may be provided with the second operation unit as a reference for performing synchronization during the second operation. When starting the in-operation synchronization, the start-up delay of the operation of the second operation section in the standby state is calculated, and the second operation section is kept so that the fixed positional relationship maintained during execution of the in-operation synchronization is not broken. Should be operated.

The synchronization method showing the relationship between the first operating part and the second operating part which is performing the in-operation synchronization can be shown by the relational expression of each axis of the first operating part and the second operating part. . Alternatively, the synchronization method indicating the relationship between the first operation unit and the second operation unit that is performing the in-operation synchronization is indicated by a number or a symbol, and the first operation unit is provided in the synchronization method storage unit corresponding to each number or symbol. And the relational expressions of the axes of the second operation unit may be read.

Further, in the NC machine tool control method for performing synchronous control in which a plurality of operating parts are simultaneously operated while maintaining a fixed positional relationship, the following steps may be included. (1) A first operation unit serving as a reference for performing synchronization during operation of the NC machine tool from its operation panel, a second operation unit that operates in synchronization with the first operation unit, and this first operation unit. A synchronization indicating the relationship between the in-operation synchronization start position, which is the position of the first operation unit where the second operation unit starts in-operation synchronization, and the relationship between the first operation unit and the second operation unit that is executing the operation synchronization. Specifying or inputting the method,

(2) A step of setting the NC device of the NC machine tool into an in-operation synchronization mode in which in-operation synchronization is started when the first operation unit reaches the specified in-operation synchronization start position,
(3) When the first operation unit serving as a reference for performing the above operation synchronization is started by the manual operation, the NC device of the NC machine tool determines whether the first operation unit is at the operation start synchronization position. The step of determining whether or not it is, and starting the operation-in-sync according to the specified synchronization method when the operation-in-sync start position is reached, (4) From the operation panel of NC machine tool to the NC device Ending the sync mode,

[0017]

According to the present invention, according to the control method of the NC machine tool for performing the synchronous control for simultaneously operating a plurality of operating parts while maintaining a fixed positional relationship, according to the NC machine tool, during the program operation of the NC machine tool, the synchronous command during the program operation Causes the NC device to enter the synchronous mode during operation. When the operation command of the first operation unit is executed in this mode and the operation is started, the NC device determines whether the first operation unit has reached the synchronization start position during operation, or It is always judged whether the second operation part has reached the specified relative position, and when the operation start synchronization position has been reached, or when the specified relative position has been reached, the operation synchronization command has been specified. The synchronous operation is started according to the synchronous method. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the operation of the second operation unit following the operation of the first operation unit and the interference of both operation units.

Then, the in-operation synchronization release command is used to release the in-operation synchronization, and the in-operation synchronization mode is ended. Therefore, it is possible to start the synchronous operation with the second operating unit without temporarily stopping the first operating unit, and also to cancel the synchronization, so that unnecessary braking time and acceleration time are unnecessary and cutting is possible. Even if synchronization is started or released during machining, no step or streak is generated on the cutting surface of the work.

The operating synchronization information, that is, the first operating unit serving as a reference for performing operating synchronization, the second operating unit that operates in synchronization with the first operating unit, and the second operating unit operate. During operation, the in-operation synchronization start position that is the position of the first operation unit that starts middle synchronization, and the synchronization method that indicates the relationship between the first operation unit and the second operation unit that are executing the operation synchronization are in operation. It can be specified by the argument of the synchronization command (the number following the command).

For each number or symbol, the above operating synchronization information is set in the operating synchronization information storage unit of the NC device of the NC machine tool in advance, and the operating synchronization is performed by the number or symbol added to the operating synchronization command. You can also read information. During the running synchronization, the running synchronization may be released when the second operation unit returns to the position where it was waiting before starting the running synchronization, or when trying to exceed the working limit. it can.

It is also possible to operate a plurality of second operation units in synchronization with the first operation unit, or to operate the third operation unit in synchronization with the second operation unit. When starting the in-operation synchronization, the start-up delay of the operation of the second operation section in the standby state is calculated, and the second operation section is kept so that the fixed positional relationship maintained during execution of the in-operation synchronization is not broken. If you make it work,
A more accurate synchronous operation can be realized.

The synchronization method indicating the relationship between the first operating unit and the second operating unit which is executing the operating synchronization can be represented by the relational expression of each axis of the first operating unit and the second operating unit. . A number or symbol is used to indicate the synchronization method indicating the relationship between the first operation unit and the second operation unit that is performing synchronization during operation, and the first operation unit and the second operation unit are stored in the synchronization method storage unit corresponding to each number or symbol. It is also possible to read the relational expression of each axis of the second motion unit.

Even during the manual operation of the NC machine tool, if the above-mentioned operating synchronization information is designated or input from the operation panel to put the NC device into the operating synchronization mode, the first operating unit operates by the manual operation. When started, the NC device determines whether or not the first operation unit has reached the in-operation synchronization start position, and when the operation unit has reached the in-operation synchronization start position, the NC device and the second operation unit follow the specified synchronization method. The synchronous operation of can be started. Then, it is possible to release the operating synchronization from the operation panel to the NC device to end the operating synchronization mode.

[0024]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT An embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 is an external perspective view of an essential part showing an example of an NC lathe for carrying out the control method according to the present invention.

This is a perspective view of a headstock-sliding type NC lathe for machining a bar material in the vicinity of the machining position, and is provided with a pair of spindles and a back spindle. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, a headstock (not shown) is slidably mounted along a guide rail (not shown) in the Z1 axis direction parallel to the centerline of the spindle on the rear portion of the upper surface of the bed 10 which is inclined downward. The first headstock is installed by a Z1 axis servomotor (not shown).
It is reciprocally moved in the direction of arrow Z1 via the feed screw mechanism.

A tool base 11 is fixed to the bed 10 and stands upright in the width direction in front of a main shaft which is rotatably supported by the main shaft and is rotated by a main spindle motor. A guide bush 12 is disposed on the tool post base 11 at a position concentric with the center line of the spindle, and the workpiece gripped by the spindle protrudes from the guide bush 12 to the machining position and extends in the Z1 axis direction. Is slidably guided and held by.

A tool rest 14 is further arranged on the tool rest base 11 via an XY table 13 so as to be slidable in the X1 axis and Y1 axis directions (arrows X1 and Y1 directions) orthogonal to the Z1 axis and orthogonal to each other. It is set up. The XY table 13 is provided with an X1-axis servo motor, a Y1-axis servo motor, and a feed screw mechanism, which are not shown, by which the tool rest 14 is predetermined in the arrow X1 direction and the arrow Y1 direction, respectively. The stroke can be reciprocated.

On the tool rest 14, a plurality of (5 in the illustrated example) cutting tools 15 and a plurality (3 in the illustrated example) of rotary tools 16 are arranged in parallel in the X1 axis direction. They are attached in a comb-teeth shape at predetermined intervals in the Y1 axis direction. Further, the rear tool post 1 is provided on the front side of the tool post base 11.
7 are fixed, and a plurality of back surface processing tools 18 (five in the illustrated example) 18 for back surface processing are arranged parallel to the Z1 axis direction at a predetermined interval in the X1 axis direction. It is installed in. The tool 18 is, for example, a relative rotary tool such as a drill or an end mill. The tool 18 does not rotate, but can be machined by rotating a workpiece chucked on a back spindle described later.

On the front side of the tool rest base 11 of the bed 10, a back spindle 20 is provided slidably in the Z2 axis direction parallel to the Z1 axis and in the X2 axis direction (parallel to the X1 axis) orthogonal thereto. The back spindle 20 is provided with a back spindle facing the above-mentioned spindle and an opposed tool post 22 adjacent to the back spindle. Relative rotary tools 23 such as a drill and an end mill are fixedly mounted on the opposed tool post 22 so as to be aligned in parallel in the Z2 axis direction at predetermined intervals in the X2 axis direction.

The rear headstock 20 can be reciprocally moved by a predetermined stroke by the Z2 axis servomotor and the X2 axis servomotor in the Z2 direction and the X2 direction, respectively, via the feed screw mechanism. The back spindle is provided with a chuck 21 for gripping a work piece at its tip, and is rotated by a spindle motor for the back spindle. The work held by the chuck 21 of the back spindle is mainly processed by the tool 18 attached to the back tool post 17 described above. However, when a tool for back machining is attached to the tool post 14, the work is held by them. It is also possible to process.

In order to process a work (part) of a round bar material by using this NC lathe, the round bar material is previously passed through the main shaft and guided by the guide bush 12 so as to be slightly projected and chucked. To do. Then, the main shaft is rotated to rotate the work, the tool rest 14 is moved in the X1 axis direction and the Y1 axis direction, the peripheral surface is cut by the cutting tool 15 attached thereto, and the work is fixed to rotate the tool 1.
It is possible to rotate 6 to perform radial drilling or the like. Further, the rear spindle headstock 20 is moved in the X2 axis direction and the Z2 axis direction, and the relative rotary tool 2 attached to the opposed tool rest 22 is attached to the front end surface of the workpiece rotated by the spindle.
By means of 3, it is possible to perform processing such as drilling and tapping.

After that, the rear headstock 20 is moved in the Z2 direction as indicated by the arrow, and the front end of the work is grasped and held by the chuck 21 of the rear headstock, and the tool post is attached to the tool post 14 to use the tool post. 14 is reciprocally moved in the direction of the arrow X1 to perform the cut-off processing, and the work is separated from the round bar. The delivery of this work is called pickoff. And
By moving the rear headstock 20 to a position facing the rear tool rest 17 and rotating the rear main spindle, on the rear surface of the workpiece held by the chuck 21 and rotating, by a relative rotary tool 23 such as a center drill or a rear tap, It is possible to perform drilling and tap cutting.

In this NC lathe, a tool post 14 and a tool 15, which is attached to the tool 15 and moves integrally, a rotary tool 16, a back spindle 20, a back spindle having a chuck 21 that moves integrally with the tool, and an opposing tool post 22. The movable part such as the relative rotary tool 23 attached to it is an operating part, and a plurality of operating parts are operated simultaneously while maintaining a fixed positional relationship so that interference between these operating parts does not occur during operation. The synchronous control is performed.

Since the work held by the guide bush 12 on the main spindle side or held by the chuck 21 on the rear main spindle is machined by interfering with the tool (blade), the work to be controlled synchronously during machining. exclude. However, since interference should not occur except during processing, it may be an operation unit targeted for synchronous control. Further, when a moving member such as a separator (receiver) for receiving the processed work is provided, it can also be an operation unit to be subjected to synchronous control.

Next, the configuration of the NC device which is the control unit of this NC lathe will be described with reference to the block diagram of FIG.
This NC device includes a system control unit 40 including a CPU, a program input unit 41, a keyboard 42a, and a switch 4.
2b and an operation panel 44 having a display 43, an input / output control unit 45 thereof, a system control program memory (RO
M) 46, a machining program storage unit 48, a display data storage unit 49, a RAM 50 for storing other data, a machining program processing unit 51, and a machining operation control unit 52.
The drive unit 30 that directly drives and controls the mechanism unit shown in FIG. 2 is controlled via the machining operation control unit 52.

The drive unit 30 includes Z1, Z2, X1, X2.
The control drive unit 32 of each axis for driving and controlling the servo mechanism 31 of the Y1 axis servo motor, the spindle motor control drive unit 34 for driving and controlling the spindle motor 33 of each spindle (main spindle and rear spindle), and each sensor ( A sensor input unit 3 for inputting a detection signal of the position sensor of each table) 35
It consists of 6 mag.

The system control unit 40 is a unit for integrally controlling the entire NC device and the entire NC lathe, and processes such as discrimination, conversion, and editing of the machining programs stored in the machining program storage unit 48 together with the machining program processing unit 51. ,
The keyboard 42 of the operation panel 44 via the input / output control unit 45
a or processing of inputting data or commands from the switch 42b and processing of the machining program or other display on the display 43, the driving unit 30 is operated based on the machining program stored in the machining program storage unit 48 together with the machining operation control unit 52. Then, processing for performing NC processing is performed. Further, the processing relating to the synchronization control according to the present invention is also performed here.

The program input unit 41 is a paper tape reader, a floppy disk device (FDD) or the like for inputting a processing program created by an external program creating device (such as a personal computer) from a paper tape or a floppy disk. The operation panel 44 issues an operation command from the keyboard 42a or the switch 42b when performing NC processing,
The display 43 serves as a driving operation means for confirming the operation.

In-operation synchronization information at the time of manual operation, that is, a first operation section serving as a reference for performing in-operation synchronization, a second operation section that operates in synchronization with the first operation section, and this second operation section. The operating section is the position of the first operating section at which the operating section starts the operating synchronization, or the relative position between the first operating section and the second operating section, and the first operating section that is performing the operating synchronization. The operation panel 44 also includes a step of designating or inputting a synchronization method indicating the relationship between the operation section of FIG. Using.

The input / output control unit 45 determines the commands and inputs from the keyboard 42a or the switch 42b of the operation panel 44, controls for displaying the display data stored in the display data storage unit 49 on the display 43, and the like. To do. The system control program memory 46 is the NC
CP of the system control unit 40 for controlling the operation of the device
RO that stores the program and fixed data used by U
It is M.

The automatic programming section 47 includes a control panel 44.
This is a functional unit for creating a machining program in the NC device itself by interactive programming using. The machining program storage unit 48 includes the program input unit 4
R for storing the machining program input from 1 or the machining program created by the automatic programming unit 47
AM. The display data storage unit 49 is a bit map memory (VRAM) that stores various data to be displayed on the display 43 of the operation panel 44.

The RAM 50 is a memory for storing data of each tool (tool) used for machining, various initial set data, and the like. The machining program storage unit 48 and the display data storage unit 49 can also be used if the storage capacity of the RAM 50 is sufficient.

In addition, by the number or symbol given to the operating synchronization command, the operating synchronization information preset from the operation panel 44 for each number or symbol, that is, the first reference serving as the reference for performing operating synchronization. A second operation unit that operates in synchronization with the operation unit and the first operation unit, and an in-operation synchronization start position that is the position of the first operation unit where the second operation unit starts in-operation synchronization, Alternatively, an operating synchronization information storage that stores a relative position between the first operating unit and the second operating unit and a synchronization method indicating a relationship between the first operating unit and the second operating unit that is performing the operating synchronization. The RAM 50 can also be used as a part.

A specific example of the in-operation synchronization control according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. This example is 2
It is an NC lathe having one moving tool rest, and the tool rest 1 to which the tool 1a is attached is the first operation unit, and the tool 2a.
The tool rest 2 to which is attached is the second operation unit. And
The turret 1 and the turret 2 are arranged in an angular relationship of 90 °, the turret 1 is movable at least in the X-axis direction which is the left-right direction in the figure, and the turret 2 is also in the X-axis direction and in the vertical direction in the figure. It is also movable in the Y-axis direction, which is the direction. 5 is a work,
It is guided and held by a guide bush (not shown), and is rotated by the main shaft and moved in the Z-axis direction perpendicular to the paper surface.

As shown in FIG. 4, with the tool rest 2 in the standby position close to the workpiece 5, the tool rest 1 is moved from the home position indicated by the imaginary line in the negative direction of the X axis (leftward in the figure). Then, when attempting to cut the work 5 with the cutting tool 1a, as shown in FIG.
And the tool rest 2 interfere with each other, making it impossible to process.

Therefore, when the NC device is set to the operating synchronous mode, the tool post 1 starts the operating synchronous start position shown by the solid line in FIG. 4, that is, the position where the relative distance from the tool post 2 becomes a preset value d ( (As specified by the in-motion synchronization command), the turrets 1 and 2 start in-service synchronization, and when the turret 1 moves further from this position in the negative direction of the X-axis, the turret will synchronize with it. 2 also moves in the negative direction of the X axis by the same distance. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, when the tool rest 1 moves to the position (X1-ΔX, Y1), the tool rest 2 moves to the position (X2-ΔX, Y2). Therefore, since the tool rests 1 and 2 always move synchronously while maintaining the relative distance d, they do not interfere with each other, and the work 5 can be cut by the cutting tool 1a.

When the tool post 1 returns to the plus direction of the X-axis (to the right in the figure) after the cutting process is completed, the tool post 2 follows it and moves in the same direction at the same speed. When the turret 1 returns to the in-motion synchronization start position shown by the solid line in FIG. 4, the turret 2 also returns to the standby position shown in FIG. At that point, the operation is released from synchronization, after which only the turret 1 is further X
Move in the plus direction of the axis to return to the home position indicated by the virtual line.

If the tool rest 2 cannot move in the X-axis direction,
When the tool post 1 can move only in the Y-axis direction, when the tool post 1 moves in the negative direction of the X axis to the in-motion sync start position shown by the solid line in FIG. In synchronization with the movement of the X-axis in the negative direction, the tool rest 2 moves in the positive direction of the Y-axis as shown in FIG. 7, and the tool rest 1 moves to the position (X1-ΔX, Y1). It is also possible to move the table 2 to the position of (X2, Y2 + ΔX). In this case, X1 + Y2 = constant, but the relative distance d between the tool rests 1 and 2 is not constant, so be careful.

Such synchronous control during operation in the NC lathe is performed by the NC device shown in FIG. 3. The operation of the basic embodiment described above will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. In the middle and the program, the in-operation synchronization mode is set by the in-operation synchronization command. Then, the tool rest 2 is moved to the standby position (the position shown in FIG. 4).

After that, the cutting operation by the tool rest 1 is started. Then, it is always determined whether or not the tool rest 1 has reached the synchronization start position during operation (the position shown by the solid line in FIG. 4, that is, the position where the relative distance to the tool rest 2 is the set value d), and synchronization start during operation is started. When the position is reached, synchronization is started during the operation of the tool rest 2. As a result, the tool rest 2 moves synchronously following the movement of the tool rest 1 in the X-axis direction. After that, it is determined whether or not the tool rest 1 has returned to the operating synchronization start position, and when returning, the operating synchronization is released. Then, the in-operation synchronization mode is ended by the in-operation synchronization release command.

The in-operation synchronization command used in this embodiment is represented by a numerical value "G" such as "G128", and the in-operation synchronization information is designated by the following arguments with the command. G128 X1 X2 140.0 X = X2-DX1 In this operating synchronization information, "X1" is the reference axis (first operation part), "X2" is the synchronization axis (second operation part), "140.0".
Indicates that the synchronization start position (see FIG. 4) is "X1 = 140.0", and "X = X2-DX1" indicates the synchronization method.

Further, this running synchronization information is "G128.
1, G1282, ... ”or“ G128A, G12
8B, ..., ”or the number“ 1,2, ... ”Or the symbol“ A, B, ..., ”attached to the synchronizing command during operation, is set in advance for each number or symbol, and the NC device Table 1 in the in-operation synchronization information storage unit (for example, RAM 50 in FIG. 3).
It is also possible to store the data as shown in (1) and read it by the system control unit 40 by an operating synchronization command.

[0053]

[Table 1]

Next, an embodiment in which a plurality of second operation units are operated in synchronization with the first operation unit by the in-operation synchronization control according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 to 10. This example is an NC lathe having three movable tool rests, and in FIGS. 8 and 9, parts corresponding to those in FIGS. 4 to 7 are designated by the same reference numerals.

Then, the tool rest 1 to which the cutting tool 1a is attached
Is the first operating unit, and the tool rest 2 with the cutting tool 2a attached and the tool rest 3 with the cutting tool 3a are the second working unit. The tool rests 2 and 3 are arranged in an angular relationship of 90 ° with respect to the tool rest 1, and the tool rests 2 and 3 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of the work 5. The tool rest 1 is movable at least in the X-axis direction, and the tool rests 2, 3 are also movable in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.

Therefore, as shown in the time chart of FIG. 10 during the program operation, when the NC device is set to the operating synchronous mode by the operating synchronous command, the tool rest 2 is moved in the negative direction of the Y-axis (downward in the figure). The tool rest 3 is moved forward with respect to the workpiece 5 in the plus direction of the Y-axis (upward in the figure) to the standby position shown in FIG.

When the operation command of the tool rest 1 is executed, the tool rest 1 advances from the position shown by the solid line in FIG. 8 to the minus direction of the X-axis (to the left in the figure) and is shown by a virtual line in the figure. When the in-operation synchronization start position (position at which the relative distance to the tool rest 2 becomes a preset value d) is reached, in-operation synchronization is started and synchronized with the forward movement of the tool rest 1 in the negative direction of the X axis. Turrets 2 and 3 move in the same direction at the same speed. Therefore, the tool rest 1 is at the position shown in FIG. 9 without interfering with the tool rests 2 and 3, and the cutting work of the work 5 can be started by the cutting tool 1a.

When the turret 1 starts to move backward in the X-axis plus direction after the cutting process is completed, the turrets 2 and 3 also return and move in the X-axis plus direction at the same speed in synchronization therewith.
When the tool rest 1 retracts to the in-motion synchronization start position shown by the phantom line in FIG. 8, the tool rests 2 and 3 also return to the standby position shown in FIG. It further retreats and returns to the position shown by the solid line in FIG. afterwards,
The in-operation synchronization mode is ended by the in-operation synchronization release command.

It should be noted that when the tool rests 2 and 3 start the synchronizing operation when the tool rest 1 reaches the synchronizing start position during operation, as shown in FIG.
As shown in (3), a delay of time t1 occurs in its rising (until the speed becomes the same as that of the tool rest 1). A delay of time t2 also occurs when canceling the synchronous operation when the tool rest 1 is retracted. It is advisable to calculate the delay and control the second operation unit synchronously so that the constant positional relationship of the synchronization during operation is not broken particularly at the time of rising.

For example, the velocity at the synchronization start position of the tool rest 1 which is the first operation unit (reference axis) is calculated,
By starting the operation of the tool rest 2 which is the second operation unit (synchronization axis) just before the tool rest 1 reaches the synchronization start position, an error in the relative positional relationship between the tool rests 1 and 2 during the synchronous operation. Can be made smaller. When trying to keep the relative distance between the two at P during the synchronous operation, the turret 2 at the time when the turret 1 reaches the synchronization start position (when the relative distance becomes P).
If the turret is moved at the same speed as the turret 1, the relative distance between the two becomes smaller than P due to the delay in its rising, so the speed of the turret 2 is made faster than that of the temporary turret 1, and the When the relative distance to the tool rest 1 becomes P, the speed is kept the same as that of the tool rest 1 and the relative distance P is maintained. Therefore, there is a possibility that the relative distance between them may temporarily be considerably different from the target value P.

On the other hand, if the tool rest 2 is started to move at the speed of the synchronization start position of the tool rest 1 just before the tool rest 1 reaches the synchronization start position as described above, there is a delay in its rising. However, immediately after the start of the movement of the tool rest 2, the relative distance between them becomes slightly larger than P, and then the relative distance becomes P until the speed of the tool rest 2 becomes the same as the speed of the tool rest 1. After that, the turrets 1 and 2 move at the same speed while maintaining the relative distance P. Therefore, the error of the relative distance can be made extremely small.

Next, the in-operation synchronization control according to the present invention synchronizes the second operation section with the first operation section as the reference, and operates the third operation section with the second operation section as the reference. An example of middle synchronization will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 to 14. This example is also an NC lathe having three movable tool rests, and in FIGS. 11 to 13, parts corresponding to those in FIGS. 8 and 9 are designated by the same reference numerals.

In this embodiment, the tool rest 1 to which the cutting tool 1a is attached is the first operating part, the tool post 2 to which the cutting tool 2a is attached is the second operation part, and the tool rest 3 to which the cutting tool 3a is attached.
Is the third operating part. The tool rest 2 and the tool rest 3 are arranged in an angular relationship of 90 ° and 180 ° with respect to the tool rest 1, respectively. The tool rests 1 and 3 are movable at least in the X axis direction, and the tool rest 3 is also movable in the X axis direction and the Y axis direction.

Therefore, during the program operation, after the NC device is set to the operating synchronous mode by the operating synchronous command, the operation shown in FIG.
When the operation command of the turret 1 is executed in the state shown in FIG. 1, the turret 1 advances from the position shown by the solid line in FIG. 11 in the negative direction of the X axis, and during the first movement shown by the phantom line in the same figure. When the synchronization start position (the position where the relative distance to the tool rest 2 becomes a preset value d1) is reached, synchronization is started during operation, and the tool rest 1 is synchronized with the forward movement of the tool rest 1 in the negative direction of the X axis. 2 moves in the same direction at the same speed. Therefore, the tool rest 1 is at the position shown in FIG. 12 without interfering with the tool rest 2, and the cutting work of the work 5 can be started by the cutting tool 1a.

At this time, the tool rest 2 reaches the second in-motion synchronization start position (the position where the relative distance to the tool rest 3 becomes a preset value d2), and the tool rest 3 with respect to the tool rest 2. Start synchronous operation. When the tool rest 1 further moves in the negative direction of the X-axis while advancing the cutting work by the cutting tool 1a, the tool rest 2 moves in the same direction at the same speed in synchronization with it, and in synchronization with the movement of the tool rest 2. The tool rest 3 moves in the same direction at the same speed. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 13, the tool rest 1 and the tool rest 2 maintain the relative distance d1, and the tool rest 2 and the tool rest 3 maintain the relative distance d2 and move to the left in the figure, without interfering with each other. It is possible to complete the cutting of the work 5 with the tool 1a.

After that, when the tool rest 1 moves backward in the plus direction of the X axis (to the right in the figure), the tool rest 2 moves in synchronization therewith, and further the tool rest 3 moves in synchronization with it. Then, when the tool rest 2 returns to the second in-operation synchronization start position shown in FIG. 12, the tool rest 3 releases the synchronization and stops. Further, when the turret 1 retracts to the first in-operation synchronization start position shown by the phantom line in FIG. 11, the turret 2 also cancels the synchronization and stops. And only the turret 1 moves further back,
It returns to the position shown by the solid line in FIG.

FIG. 14 is a time chart showing the above-described operation of this embodiment. S1 is the time when the tool rest 1 passes the synchronization start position during the first operation, and S2 is the second end of the tool rest 2. This is the time when the synchronization start position is passed during operation.

Next, an embodiment in which an operation limit (stroke end) is provided in the second operation portion and the synchronization is released during operation when the second operation portion is exceeded will be described with reference to FIGS. 15 and 16. In FIG. 15, the operating unit A is the first operating unit, and the operating unit B is the second operating unit. And
S point is the operation limit of the operation unit B, and P is a predetermined relative distance that the operation units A and B keep during the operation and synchronization.

In the synchronous mode during operation, the moving parts A and B freely move with each other in a range where the relative distance is larger than P. Then, the operation unit A moves toward the operation unit B, and when the relative distance becomes P, the operation synchronization starts, and the operation unit B synchronizes with the movement of the operation unit A at the same speed in the moving direction. Moving. In that state, when the operation unit A moves to the right in the figure and the operation unit B following the operation unit reaches the S point, the synchronization is released during operation and stopped there, and the operation unit A continues to move. When the operation unit A moves to the left again in the figure and the relative distance between the operation unit B and the operation unit B stopped at the S point becomes P, the in-operation synchronization is started again. This operation continues until there is a sync release command during operation.

FIG. 16 shows an example of synchronization during operation similar to the above when the movement axes of the operation unit A and the operation unit B intersect at an arbitrary angle (90 ° in the illustrated example). In this case, the relative distance a + b along the moving axis where the operating units A and B intersect is set to P in the above-described example, and is kept constant during the operation synchronization.

Therefore, in the synchronous mode during operation, the operation unit A moves downward in the figure, and the relative distance of the operation unit B becomes a + b = P.
Then, the operation unit B starts synchronization during operation, and in synchronization with the downward movement of the operation unit A, the operation unit B moves leftward in the figure at the same speed. Then, when the operation unit A moves backward in the drawing, the operation unit B also moves to the right in the drawing at the same speed, but when the point S is reached, the operation synchronization is released and the operation unit B stops there. The operation unit A continues to move. After that, the operation unit A moves downward again, and the operation unit B stopped at the S point.
When the relative distance between and becomes A + B = P, synchronization during operation is started again.

Here, a concrete example in which the control method according to the present invention is applied to the NC lathe shown in FIG. 2 will be described. As the cutting tool 15 attached to the tool post 14, a pre-grinding tool, a grooving tool, and a parting tool are prepared. On the other hand, one of the relative rotary tools 23 of the opposed tool post 22 is prepared. Then, as shown in FIG. 17, with respect to the work W that is chucked by the main shaft and protrudes from the kite bush 12 and is rotated, each tool is moved as indicated by an arrow in each step of to, and each of the following machining is performed. Shall be performed.

The outer shape is processed with a pre-ground tool. Cut a groove on the outer circumference with a grooving tool. Drill a hole with a specified inner diameter and depth on the end face with a drill. Cut off the work with a parting tool.

After machining, the tool post 14 is lowered to a safe position, and the counter tool post 22 (rear headstock 20) is advanced in the Z2 direction in preparation for machining while the grooving tool is selected. , Advance the drill of the relative rotary tool 23 to the standby position. In this state, when the grooving tool is advanced to perform the machining, in order not to interfere with the drill and to perform drilling with the drill in a short waiting time after the grooving, the tool post 14 and the facing tool post 22 are used. (Back headstock 20) is synchronized during operation.

In this case, the tool rest 14 serves as a reference first working part, and the opposing tool rest 22 serves as a second working part in synchronization. When the drill is the relative rotary tool at the left end in FIG. 2 of the opposed tool post 22, the synchronization method shown in FIG. 6 is used, and when the drill is the relative rotary tool at the center or the right end, the synchronization shown in FIG. It becomes a method.

Although the above-described embodiments have been described with respect to the case of the program operation of the NC lathe, the present invention can be implemented in the case of the manual operation, so an example in that case will be described. First, the manual operation mode is selected using the operation panel 44 shown in FIG. 3, and then the operating synchronization information input screen is selected using the keyboard 42. Then, the display 43 is shown in FIG.
The operating synchronization information input screen as shown in 8 is displayed.
Therefore, by using the keyboard 42a, the above-described operating synchronization information, that is, the reference axis (first operating unit), the synchronizing axis (second operating unit), the operating synchronization start position, and the synchronization method,
For example, enter the following in each field of the display screen. X1, X2, X1 = 140.0, X = X2-DX1

After the switch 42a is used to move the synchronous shaft (for example, the opposed tool rest 22 in FIG. 2) to the standby position, the operating synchronous mode switch in the switch 42a is pressed to enter the operating synchronous mode. After that, the reference axis (for example, the tool rest 14 in FIG. 2) is operated. When the reference axis reaches the synchronization start position during operation, it moves in synchronization with the reference axis without giving a command to the synchronization axis. When the reference axis moves out of the synchronization start position during operation, the synchronization is released. Then switch 4
The in-operation synchronization mode switch is released by pressing the in-operation synchronization mode switch 2b again.

Although the embodiment in which the present invention is applied to the control of the NC lathe has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the NC lathe, and the machining center having a plurality of operating parts, N
The same can be applied to C milling machines and other various NC machine tools.

[0079]

As described above, according to the present invention, during operation of an NC machine tool having a plurality of operating parts, the first operating part is synchronized with the second operating part without being temporarily stopped. Since the operation can be started and the synchronization can be released, it is possible to prevent interference between the operating parts and also to make each tool rest stand by in a position close to the work, resulting in unnecessary braking time and acceleration. Time can be eliminated, cycle time can be shortened, and processing efficiency can be improved. Moreover, even if the synchronization is started or released during cutting, no step or streak is generated on the cutting surface of the work.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an operation flow chart of a basic embodiment of a control method for an NC machine tool according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an external perspective view of an essential part showing an example of an NC lathe for carrying out the control method according to the present invention.

3 is a control unit N of the NC lathe shown in FIG.
It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of C apparatus.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of an in-operation synchronization start position according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of interference between operation units when the synchronous control during operation is not performed.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which synchronous control during operation is being performed from the state of FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of during-operation synchronization control.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a state before starting synchronization during operation according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a state during synchronous control during operation.

FIG. 10 is a time chart showing the operation of each of the turrets.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory view showing a state before the start of synchronization during operation of still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory view showing a state in which the tool rest 2 is also at the second in-operation synchronization start position.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which tool turrets 1 and 2 and tool turrets 2 and 3 are synchronized during operation.

FIG. 14 is a time chart showing the operation of each of the turrets.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of an embodiment in which the second operation unit cancels synchronization during operation when it is about to exceed the operation limit.

FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram of an example when the movement axes of the first operation unit and the second operation unit also intersect.

FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a case where the NC lathe shown in FIG. 2 is used to perform the control method according to the present invention to process a workpiece.

18 is a diagram showing an example of an in-operation synchronization information input screen displayed on the display 43 in a manual operation mode in the NC device of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1,2,3: Turret (operating part) 1a, 2a, 3a: Bit 5: Work 10: Bed 11: Turret base 12: Guide bush 13: XY table 14: Turret 15: Tool 16: Rotating tool 17 : Rear turret 18: Back machining tool 20: Rear spindle 21: Rear spindle chuck 22: Opposite turret 23: Relative rotating tool 30: Drive unit 40: System control unit 44: Operation panel 45: Input / output control Part 46: System control program memory (ROM) 48: Machining program storage unit 50: RAM 52: Machining operation control unit W: Work

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. A method for controlling an NC machine tool that performs synchronous control for simultaneously operating a plurality of operating parts while maintaining a fixed positional relationship, wherein the NC machine tool is in program operation, and is specified by a program operation synchronous command. The first operating unit serving as a reference for performing the operating synchronization, which is the operating synchronization information, the second operating unit that operates in synchronization with the first operating unit, and the second operating unit perform the operating synchronization. Decoding the operating synchronization start position, which is the position of the first operating unit to start, and the synchronization method indicating the relationship between the first operating unit and the second operating unit that are executing the operating synchronization,
A step of setting an NC device of an NC machine tool in an in-operation synchronization mode in which in-operation synchronization is started when the first operation unit reaches the in-operation synchronization start position designated by the in-operation synchronization command; When the operation command of the operation unit is executed and the operation is started, the NC device of the NC machine tool always determines whether or not the first operation unit is at the operation start synchronization position, and the operation start synchronization is started. When the position is reached, starting the operating synchronization according to the synchronization method specified by the operating synchronization command; and releasing the operating synchronization by the operating synchronization release command of the program and ending the operating synchronization mode. A method for controlling an NC machine tool, comprising: 2. A NC machine tool control method for performing synchronous control for simultaneously operating a plurality of operating parts while maintaining a fixed positional relationship, wherein a NC command specified during operation of the program is specified during program operation of the NC machine tool. The first operating unit serving as a reference for performing the operating synchronization, which is the operating synchronization information, the second operating unit that operates in synchronization with the first operating unit, and the second operating unit perform the operating synchronization. The relative position of the first motion unit and the second motion unit to be started, and the synchronization method indicating the relationship between the first motion unit and the second motion unit that are executing the synchronization during motion are decoded, and the NC machine tool The step of setting the NC device in the in-operation synchronization mode in which the in-operation synchronization is started when the first operation unit reaches the relative position specified by the in-operation synchronization command, and the operation command of the first operation unit is Once executed and the operation started, NC work The NC device of the machine always judges whether or not the first motion part and the second motion part are in the relative position, and when they are in the relative position, according to the synchronization method specified by the in-operation synchronization command. A method for controlling an NC machine tool, comprising: a step of starting in-operation synchronization; and a step of releasing the in-operation synchronization by an in-operation synchronization release command of a program and ending the in-operation synchronization mode. 3. The control method for an NC machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the operating synchronization information is designated by an argument of the operating synchronization command. 4. A reference for performing in-operation synchronization, which is set in advance in the in-operation synchronization information storage section of the NC device of the NC machine tool by the number or symbol given to the in-operation synchronization command. The first operation unit and the second operation unit that operates in synchronization with the first operation unit, and the second operation unit is in operation The position of the first operation unit that starts synchronization During operation 7. A step of reading a synchronization start position and a synchronization method indicating a relationship between the first operation unit and the second operation unit that are executing the in-operation synchronization from the in-operation synchronization information storage unit. 2. The NC machine tool control method according to 1. 5. The operating synchronization is canceled when the second operation unit returns to the position which was waiting before starting the operating synchronization during execution of the operating synchronization. Two
A method for controlling the NC machine tool described. 6. The method for controlling an NC machine tool according to claim 1, wherein during execution of the synchronization during operation, the synchronization during operation is released when the second operation unit tries to exceed the operation limit. . 7. The plurality of second operation units are operated in synchronization with the first operation unit.
A method for controlling the NC machine tool described. 8. The NC machine tool control method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second operating unit is synchronized with the second operating unit as a reference for performing synchronization during the second operation. N having a step of operating the operating unit of
C Machine tool control method. 9. When starting the in-operation synchronization, the start-up delay of the operation of the second operation unit in the standby state is calculated so that the fixed positional relationship maintained during the execution of the in-operation synchronization is not disturbed. The second operation unit is operated, wherein the second operation unit is operated.
A method for controlling the NC machine tool described. 10. A synchronization method indicating a relationship between a first operation unit and a second operation unit that is executing in-operation synchronization is shown by a relational expression of each axis of the first operation unit and the second operation unit. The method for controlling an NC machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: 11. A synchronization method indicating a relationship between a first operation unit and a second operation unit that is performing in-operation synchronization is indicated by a number or a symbol, and a synchronization method storage unit corresponding to each number or symbol is provided with a first method. 5. The method for controlling an NC machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the relational expressions of the respective axes of the operation unit and the second operation unit are read. 12. A control method for an NC machine tool, which performs synchronous control for simultaneously operating a plurality of operating parts while maintaining a fixed positional relationship, in a method for controlling NC machine tool during manual operation and during operation from its operation panel. And a second operation unit that operates in synchronization with the first operation unit, and an operation that is the position of the first operation unit that starts synchronization during operation of the second operation unit. A step of designating or inputting a middle synchronization start position and a synchronization method indicating a relationship between a first operation part and a second operation part which are executing in-operation synchronization; and an NC device of an NC machine tool, wherein The operation section is set to the in-operation synchronization start position when the specified operation-in-operation synchronization start position is set, and the first operation section serving as a reference for performing the in-operation synchronization is started by manual operation. Then, the NC machine tool N
The C device determines whether or not the first operation unit has reached the in-operation synchronization start position, and when the first operation unit reaches the in-operation synchronization start position, starts the in-operation synchronization according to a specified synchronization method; A method for controlling an NC machine tool, comprising the step of releasing the operating synchronization from the operation panel of the machine tool to the NC device and ending the operating synchronization mode.