JPH0748329Y2 - Back side processing equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of use] The present invention relates to a backside machining apparatus, and more particularly to a cutter relief structure performed when a tool is inserted into or removed from a machined hole.

[Prior Art] When performing back chamfering on a machined hole of a workpiece that has been previously boring, especially insert a spindle into the machined hole, project the tool at the tip to the back side of the machined hole, and then retract the spindle by machining feed. In the drawing-type machining method in which the backside is chamfered while performing the backside cutting, a cutter relief is performed to allow the tool to escape from the inner diameter of the machining hole when the spindle is inserted into the machining hole and when the spindle is extracted from the machining hole after machining.

There is also a method of performing this cutter relief by moving the work side in the radial direction with respect to the tool position of the spindle, but this method complicates the structure of the work jig, and only one station of the transfer line has a special jig structure. As a result, there will be problems such as not being able to use the hydraulic circuits for locate / clamp at all stations as a centralized circuit.
In many cases, a cutter relief mechanism for retracting a tool is provided inside the spindle on the processing machine side.

[Problems to be solved by the invention] However, when a cutter relief mechanism is provided inside the spindle as in the conventional case, the tool cannot be completely fixed to the spindle, and for example, the tool is attached in the radial direction of the spindle so that the tool can move back and forth. As its driving mechanism, a complicated mechanism such as a draw bar and a wedge member penetrating in the axial direction of the spindle must be installed inside the spindle, and hydraulic piping is also required. Had to be larger than necessary. As a result, the work that can be processed is limited and the productivity is poor. In addition, since the internal mechanism makes it difficult to detect a failure or the like, there is a problem that malfunction cannot be surely prevented.

In view of this, the present invention is intended to solve the above problems by providing a cutter relief mechanism inside the spindle and operating the entire head by an external drive mechanism to perform cutter relief.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention, in a backside machining apparatus, supports a frame body integrally provided with a head portion holding a spindle so as to be swingable in a tool escape direction with respect to a movable table. By driving the frame body in two postures, one is when the spindle is inserted into or removed from the workpiece machining hole and the other is during machining, using the actuator provided on the moving table, the tip of the tool can be easily moved against the inner diameter of the machining hole due to the inclination of the frame itself. The tool can be released, the tool can be fixed to the spindle without the need for incorporating a complicated mechanism inside the spindle, and reliable cutter relief can be performed with a simple structure.

[Operation] When the work is clamped at the processing position, the actuator swings the frame body in a predetermined direction around the fulcrum with the spindle held stationary on the processing machine side, and the spindle axis is tilted to tilt the spindle tip. The tool escapes in the radial direction of the inner diameter of the machining hole of the work, and the spindle is converted into an inserting / removing posture that can be inserted into the machining hole of the work.

In this posture, the frame body is also moved forward integrally with the moving table by the forward feed of the moving table, and the spindle is inserted into the machining hole of the work,
The movable table is stopped at the position where the tool at the tip is pulled out to the back side of the processing hole, that is, at the processing start position.

Next, the frame body is swung by the actuator in the direction opposite to the above with the fulcrum as the center to return to the original posture, that is, the processing posture. At this time, the spindle axis coincides with the center line of the machined hole in the workpiece.

This starts the processing. The motor rotates the spindle via the rotation transmitting unit, and the movable table is moved backward at the processing feed speed, and the tool at the tip is used to perform the back chamfering of the processing hole.

The movable table is stopped at the processing end position and is forwardly fed again to the processing start position. Here, the motor is stopped, the rotation of the spindle is stopped, and the spindle is oriented.

The actuator swings the frame body in a predetermined direction around the fulcrum with the spindle held stationary, and the posture is again converted into the insertion / removal posture. In this position, when the moving table is moved backward, the frame is also retracted integrally with the moving table, and the spindle is pulled out from the machining hole of the work.

[Embodiment] A specific embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a back side processing apparatus of the present invention, and FIG.
1 is a sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the tip of the spindle showing the positional relationship between the tool and the workpiece machining hole. Figure, fifth
The figure is a view as seen from the direction C in FIG.

First, in FIG. 1, a backside processing apparatus 1 rotatably holds a spindle 3 having a backside cutting tool 2 attached to one side of a tip thereof, and also has a motor 4 mounted thereon.
6 with a built-in rotation transmission unit 5 between the spindle and the spindle 3
On the movable table 7 which is moved back and forth in the machining feed direction.
Is supported so as to be swingable, and the frame 6 is swingably driven by a cylinder 9 provided as an actuator on the moving table 7.

The movable table 7 is mounted on the slide base 10 in the machining feed direction (first
It is provided so as to be swingable in the left-right direction in the drawing, and is fed and driven by a feeding device (not shown). A pair of bracket portions 11, 11 for supporting both ends of the support shaft 8 at the front position are integrally formed on the movable base 7 so as to project therefrom. Further, the movable table 7 is provided with the cylinder 9 at a position rearward of the support shaft 8 with its piston rod 9a directed upward.

The frame body 6 integrally includes a head portion 12 that holds a plurality of spindles 3 in a substantially horizontal shape and a gear box 13 that houses a rotation transmission portion 5 such as a gear train connected to the motor 4. It will be combined.

As shown in FIG. 2, the support shaft 8 is horizontally fixed to a pair of arms 14 and 14 projecting downward from the head portion 12 of the frame body 6, and both end portions of the support shaft 8 are connected to the above-mentioned ends. The movable table 7 is rotatably supported by brackets 11 and 11 via bearings 15 and 15, respectively.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, two connecting plates 16, 16 are integrally attached to the rear surface of the gear box 13 of the frame body 6 at positions sandwiching the piston rod 9a from both sides. A connecting shaft 17 is rotatably passed through a connecting hole formed between 16 and 16 in the piston rod 9a in a radial direction, and both ends of the connecting shaft 17 are fixed to the connecting plates 16 and 16.

Two dogs 18 and 19 are provided on the upper end of the piston rod 9a, and two limit switches 21 are mounted on a mounting base 20 fixed on the moving base 7 corresponding to the dogs 18 and 19. ,
22 are provided. One limit switch 21 is for detecting the insertion / removal posture of the frame 6, and the other limit switch 22
Is set to detect the processing posture of the frame body 6.

The spindle 3 is processed and rotated by a motor 4, and when the motor 4 is stopped, a localization motor provided above the frame 6
27 is connected to the rotation transmission section 5 via a V-belt 28 and a one-way clutch 29 to rotate the spindle 3 at a low speed. A dog 23 is provided at the rear end of the spindle 3, and when the spindle 3 is stopped, the proximity switch 24 detects the localization when the spindle 3 comes to the localization position due to low-speed rotation by the localization motor 27, and stops the motor 27. .
Therefore, the spindle 3 is always stopped in a constant phase. Here, the localization position of the spindle 3 is set so that the position of the tool 2 always faces upward.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, in the processing apparatus 1 of this embodiment, the head portion 12 is provided with, for example, four spindles 3, each of which is provided with the back surface cutting tool 2 and four simultaneous positions. It can be processed.

Further, in order to regulate the processing posture of the frame body 6, a seating block 26 is provided on the movable table 7 corresponding to the contact surface 25 formed on the lower surface of the frame body 6, and from the seating surface of this block 26 air Is sprayed to constantly clean the joint surface of the frame body 6 with the contact surface 25. The frame body 6 is accurately positioned and held in the processing posture in a state where the frame body 6 is in contact with the seating block 26 due to the urging force due to the retreat of the piston rod 9a of the cylinder 9 and the weight of the frame body 6 side. At this time, the axis line L of the spindle 3 becomes horizontal.

On the other hand, the insertion / removal posture of the frame body 6 when the spindle 3 is inserted into and removed from the machining hole H of the work W is set at the forward limit position of the piston rod 9a of the cylinder 9.

Next, the operation will be described.

The work W is carried into the backside processing station by a transfer device or the like, and the work W is held by a clamp device (not shown).
When is clamped, the back surface processing apparatus 1 converts the frame body 6 into the insertion / removal posture. That is, the fluid is supplied to the pressure chamber below the cylinder 9 to advance or raise the piston rod 9a. As a result, the frame 6 is lifted on the rear side via the connecting shaft 17, so that the frame 6 is rotated in the counterclockwise direction (arrow D direction) in FIG. 1 around the support shaft 8 and the tip side is inclined downward. It

At the forward limit of the cylinder 9, the frame body 6 is finally in the insertion / removal posture in which the axis line of the spindle 3 is finally inclined by δ from the horizontal state of the machining posture to the state of L'as shown by the chain double-dashed line in FIG. Is converted to. That is, as shown in FIG.
At the tip, the center of the spindle descends from the position of O, which coincides with the center of the hole, to the position of O ', and the height of the cutting edge of the tool 2 becomes the position of h ₁ to h _{2 in} the machining posture, and the tool 2 is machined. The workpiece 2 is to be completely escaped to the center side from the inner diameter of the machining hole H, and the tool 2 does not interfere with the inner peripheral surface of the machining hole H when the spindle 3 is inserted into the machining hole H. At this time, the dog 18 turns on the limit switch 21, and the insertion / removal posture is detected.

By this detection signal, the movable table 7 is forwardly fed, and the frame 6
Is also integrally advanced and the spindle 3 is inserted into the machining hole H of the work W. The movable table 7 is stopped at a position where the tool 2 at the tip of the spindle 3 is completely pulled out to the back surface side of the work W, that is, a processing start position.

Next, the frame body 6 is converted into a processing posture. That is, the fluid is supplied to the pressure chamber above the cylinder 9 and the piston rod 9a is retracted or lowered. As a result, the frame body 6 becomes the connecting shaft.
Since the rear side is pulled down via 17, the support shaft 8 is rotated clockwise in FIG. 1 and the tip side is lifted upward.

The abutment surface 25 on the lower surface of the frame 6 comes into contact with the seating block 26 on the movable table 7, so that the frame 6 is in the processing posture at that position. The frame body 6 is reliably held in the processing posture regulated by the seating block 26 by the fluid pressure and the own weight of the cylinder 9. That is, as shown by the solid line in FIG. 4, the frame 6 is in a horizontal state in which the axis of the spindle 3 is L, and the height of the tool 2 cutting edge at the tip of the spindle 3 is a position h at which the back surface can be machined into the machining hole H. Positioned at ₁ . At this time, Doc 19
Turns ON the limit switch 22, and the processing posture is detected.

The back surface processing is started by this detection signal. The motor 4 is rotated, and each spindle 3 is rotated through the rotation transmission unit 5.
Are processed and rotated all at once. Next, the movable table 7 is fed backward at the machining feed speed, and each tool 2 carries out the back surface machining of the machining hole H.

When the processing is completed, the movable table 7 is again advanced to the processing start position, and the motor 4 is stopped at this position. The one-way clutch 29 separates the motor 4 and the rotation transmitting unit 5 from each other, and at the same time, the localization motor 27 and the rotation transmitting unit 5 are coupled to each other, so that each spindle 3 is slowly rotated at a low speed.
When each spindle 3 reaches the localization phase in which the tool 2 is positioned above, the proximity switch 24 detects the dog 23 and the motor 27 is stopped to localize each spindle 3.

Next, the frame body 6 is converted into the insertion / removal posture in the same manner as when the spindle is inserted. When the limit switch 21 is turned on and the insertion / removal posture is detected, the movable table 7 is moved backward, and the frame 6 is integrated with this.
Also, the spindle 3 is retracted with the insertion / removal posture, and the spindle 3 is smoothly extracted from the processing hole H.

When the movable table 7 is stopped at the retracted position, the frame body 6 is returned to the processing posture again and stands by for processing the next work.

The back surface-processed work W is carried out to the next station by a carrying unit (not shown).

In this embodiment, the spindle 3 is localized by using the localization motor 27 separately from the spindle rotation motor 4. However, for example, an AC spindle motor having a localization function incorporated in the spindle rotation motor 4 is used. If the above is used, it is not necessary to provide the localization motor 27.

[Advantage of the Invention] According to the present invention, the frame holding the spindle is swingably supported with respect to the movable table, and the frame is swing-driven by the actuator to move the spindle at the tip from the processing posture to the workpiece. Since it can be converted to the insertion / removal posture, the frame itself is tilted by the actuator provided outside to perform cutter relief, so the tool can be left fixed on the spindle tip, and only the tool can be moved back and forth inside the spindle. Since it is not necessary to incorporate such a drive mechanism such as a draw bar, the internal structure of the spindle can be simplified, the rigidity of the spindle is increased, and the spindle diameter is not increased, so that the machining accuracy and productivity are improved.
Since the cutter relief operation can be easily confirmed from the outside, malfunctions and the like can be easily found, and the occurrence of defective products and the cause of failure can be prevented.

Cutter relief in back chamfering requires a larger amount of relief inward than the inner diameter of the machining hole for the cutting edge of the tool protruding from the machining hole, compared to cutter relief for preventing return scratches in boring, for example. By tilting the frame itself, the relief amount can be set and adjusted reliably and easily.

In addition, the processing posture and the insertion / removal posture are set by the forward or backward limit of the actuator, and particularly in the processing posture, the seating block is accurately positioned by contacting the seating block with the urging force of the actuator. Machining is always performed with the robot fixed in a fixed posture, and there is no deviation of the spindle during machining, so high-precision machining can be expected.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing an embodiment of the backside processing apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 1, and FIG.
1 is a sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 1, FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a spindle tip portion showing the positional relationship between a tool and a workpiece machining hole, and FIG. 5 is a view seen from the direction C in FIG. Is. 1 ... Back processing machine, 2 ... Tool, 3 ... Spindle, 4 ... Motor, 6 ... Frame, 7 ... Moving base, 8 ...
A spindle as a fulcrum, 9 ... a cylinder as an actuator, 25 ... a contact surface, 26 ... a seating block, W ... a workpiece, H ... a machining hole.

Claims (2)

[Scope of utility model registration request] Claim: What is claimed is: 1. A frame body, which rotatably holds a spindle to which a backside cutting tool is attached and which has a motor mounted thereon,
It is swingably supported via a fulcrum on a moving base that moves back and forth in the machining feed direction, and is driven to swing by an actuator provided on the moving base, and the frame is machined when the spindle is inserted into or removed from the workpiece machining hole. A backside machining apparatus characterized by swinging a predetermined amount from a posture around a fulcrum to allow the tool to escape in a radial direction with respect to a workpiece machining hole and return the frame body to a machining posture for machining during machining. 2. The backside processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing posture of the frame is regulated at a position where the frame is brought into contact with a seating block provided on the movable table.