JPH05505558A - device for crushing objects - Google Patents

Abstract

An apparatus for reducing materials comprising knives (3) which are mounted helically about two horizontal and parallel shafts (2). The knives (3) which have two U-shaped blades (8) cooperate with fixed knives (6) which are arranged in the area between the two shafts (2). When the materials to be reduced are introduced from the upperside of the apparatus (1) a reduction of the materials is performed by cooperating knives (3 and 6). The shafts (2) are arranged in such a way that they rotate backwards and forwards partly to ensure a reduction and partly to ensure a redistribution of the material fed to the apparatus. In the apparatus an even material feed is achieved minimizing the energy demand for operating the apparatus.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] device for crushing objects (Background of the invention) The present invention can be used to collect organic waste, cold open L tires, furniture, stumps, demolished wood, etc. This relates to a device for crushing objects such as bulky waste, and the device includes: , located on a plane perpendicular to the rotation axes of two approximately parallel horizontal axes, with a A crushing means consisting of U-shaped knives arranged evenly along the The axes are driven by motors that can drive them in opposite directions, and the knife a mutual distance slightly greater than twice the distance between the radially outer tip of and the axis of rotation of The object is fed into the knife through an inlet above the knife. When the shafts are rotated in opposite directions, the knife is inserted into the shredding device at a position between the shafts. By cooperating with a knife that is fixed to part of the frame of the so that the cutting edges of the blades move toward each other above the fixed knife. There is.

Crushing objects is desired in various situations. industrial utilization of valuable raw materials, e.g. wood; This produces a large amount of unnecessary wood waste, including roots. Waste is a major waste for producers. This will pose a logical problem. In addition, to minimize storage capacity required, household waste It is also desirable to reduce waste volume. Reducing volume is important in terms of transportation is also desirable. In addition, these objects should be removed before burning, composting or recycling waste. Crushing is often desired.

A device of the above type is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,845,907, This patent allows a knife mounted on one shaft to cooperate with a knife on the other shaft. The sea urchin is turning. In addition, this patent provides a time- or torque-dependent inverse Discloses ability to convert. However, such a reversal makes one axis independent of the other. cannot be implemented vertically.

European Patent Application No. 174.148 discloses that the knife is fixedly attached to the frame. discloses another device for cooperating with an attached knife. However, the axis The structure is not such that it can rotate at different speeds and rotation sequences. of such equipment There are limits to ability.

Swedish Patent Publication No. 437,477 discloses a device of the above type. death However, this device is not provided with a U-shaped knife. This device is suitable for Europe It suffers from the same drawbacks as the device of patent application No. 174.148. This device is the is also considered relevant prior art. However, even if an object passes through the device, it The user cannot be sure whether it will be crushed or not.

Therefore, the problem of effective and economical fragmentation of objects has not been fully resolved. stomach.

(Disclosure of invention) It is an object of the present invention to alleviate this problem and to Equipment that can effectively and economically shred even bulky waste objects It is to provide.

According to the present invention, the mutual distance between the two shafts is constant, and the driving means is provided between the motor and the shaft. , and this driving means includes suitable gears corresponding to each of the two axes. , a hydraulic motor with adjustable rotation speed to operate each axis, and each hydraulic motor. an adjustable pump that supplies the Before the flow flowing through the hydraulic motor can be reversed to rotate in the direction The pump has a gear provided between the pump and a motor that operates the pump.

The rotating knife is a form of cutting objects placed into the feed vents of the frame of the device. It is crushed and transported. The placement of the knife ensures that the object is conveyed evenly, so that occasionally There is no risk of large objects being introduced between the rotating knife and the stationary knife.

In order to ensure that the objects are conveyed uniformly and therefore crushed evenly, the Ifs are arranged randomly or spirally around two axes. Fray As the cutting blades move closer to each other on the upper side of the conveys the shredded object through the cooperation of the edge of the cutting blade and the stationary knife. child In a suitable embodiment of the knife, the knife can convey objects effectively as in adjust the amount of feed object according to the capacity of the actuating means and the permissible load of the knife. I can do it.

To avoid a situation where the knife only makes a cut in the object and does not transport it further. For this purpose, the actuating means of the device individually move the axis at regular intervals in the opposite direction of rotation of the cutting movement of the knife. It is configured so that it can be rotated in any direction. This individual forward and reverse rotation of the axis is carried out according to a predetermined sequence determined depending on the object to be crushed. So Such rotation may be initiated after measuring the load on the knife.

As an example of a possible sequence, the knife is rotated 14 times in the direction of the cutting movement. Rotate the knife once in the opposite direction, then rotate the knife 10 revolutions in the direction of the cutting motion, then rotate it in the opposite direction. Rotate 4 times in the direction. However, any combination of forward and reverse rotation is possible. However, the equipment can be used most effectively if reverse rotation is minimized. Please be careful.

"Forward and reverse rotation" refers to rotation in the direction of the cutting movement of the knife and rotation in the opposite direction, respectively. It represents a turn.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention provides that each knife has two consecutively arranged generally U-shaped two blades when viewed in the direction of rotation of the cutting movement of the knife; the radially outer front part of is configured as a substantially tangentially oriented wedge; The distance between the rotation axis and the front blade wedge is the same as the distance between the rotation axis and the rear blade wedge. The radial profile of the rear blade is centered on the axis of rotation. It is characterized by roughly corresponding to a part of a spiral winding.

The knife has this structure, with two consecutive blades in a U-shape. This ensures that the equipment is not "overloaded" (thereby preventing overloading of the equipment). will be stopped. Each of the two U-shaped knives is cut by an opening in the U-shaped cutting blade. The amount of objects determined by the method can be transported and crushed. Front part of cutting blade The knife is also wedge-shaped so that the initial cutting edge of the object is A split is made.

In this way, only a uniform load is applied, which increases the life of the equipment. Energy requirements are also reduced. Furthermore, the two wedges of the cutting blade were different. Due to its radial position, the wedge-shaped tip of one blade can be for each rotation of the shaft than would be the case if the wedge-shaped tip of the blade was placed approximately in the same position. This makes it possible to effectively crush objects. of the object when the axis rotates in the opposite direction Cleaning and redispersion takes place, making the knife more efficient. The outer shape of the rear blade is It has a spiral shape and can also be ribbed, making it easier to redistribute objects within the device. dissemination is carried out very effectively. This shape allows for a smooth outer shape and a central axis of rotation. It is possible to eliminate the "rolling" of the object that occurs when the object is circular in the center. .

(Brief explanation of the drawing) The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a plan view of the device according to the invention.

2 is a side view of a knife forming part of the apparatus of FIG. 1; FIG.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the knife along the plane III-III of FIG. 2;

4 is a cross-sectional view of the knife along the plane IV-IV of FIG. 2. FIG.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the actuation means of the present invention.

FIG. 6 shows three possible actuation sequences of the axes of the device.

(Best mode for carrying out the invention) FIG. 1 shows a top plan view of the device according to the invention. This device 1 has two parallel It has a horizontal axis 2.

A knife 3 is provided on the shaft 2. The knives 3 each have a flat surface perpendicular to the axis of rotation 5. It is attached to the shaft 2 by a fixed flange 4 for rotation on a plane. No The knife 3 will be described in more detail later, but the knife 3 is a part of the frame 1 of the device. It cooperates with a lower knife 6 which is fixed to a transverse beam 7 constituting a. knife 6 is placed between two shafts, and the rotating knife 3 passes through the fixed knife 6 from above. The object is crushed by rotating it. in this way, The crushing of the object is carried out between the two shafts 2 and in the upper part of the fixed knife 6.

In order to be able to crush objects effectively and economically, the rotating knife 3 has two shafts. 2 are arranged in a spiral along each of the two. Axis is in both forward and reverse directions (opposing directions) When the knives 3 approach each other above the fixed knife 6 by rotating to Objects are drawn into the space and enter the fracture zone. Knives 3 are arranged in a spiral Therefore, this object feeding is performed at an appropriate speed. This allows the High effectiveness for handling momentary large overloads as the load is evenly distributed does not require any ability.

In order to achieve effective fragmentation and provide uniformity of the object, the knife should be used as shown in Figures 2-4. However, it is configured as described in detail below. Each knife 3 has two series It has approximately U-shaped knife blades 8 arranged in series.

The radially outer sides of the two blades when viewed in the direction of rotation 10 of the cutting movement of the knife 3 The front part 9 is provided with a tangentially oriented wedge 12. This website The edge shape facilitates knife penetration and initial fragmentation of the object. Furthermore, 2 Each of the two blades 8 is provided with an edge 11 along the inside of the U-shaped blade. and rotate. Axis of rotation,! Wedge 12 of the front blade when viewed from i5 in the rotation direction is shorter than the distance from the axis of rotation 5 to the wedge 12 of the rear blade ( It has become. This allows each of the two blades 8 to contribute to crushing the object. can be carried out by each of the two blades 8 at the same time It is possible to evenly distribute the load when crushing is carried out during work. knife In addition to the helical arrangement of 3, this also maximizes the effective capacity required to operate the device. Helps keep it to a minimum.

The radial outer shape 13 of the rear blade is the rotation axis! li! along the spiral winding around 5. and a wedge is provided at the radially outermost portion. This causes the object to The risk of being pressed against the contour 13 is minimized. Blade viewed in the direction of rotation 3 is provided with an inverted U-shaped blade 15 in the rear part 14, the axis of which is attached to the knife. An edge 1 capable of carrying out fracturing when rotated in a direction opposite to the direction of cutting movement 10 It is equipped with 6. Reverse direction that primarily serves to redistribute objects between two axes With a forward movement, the blade 15, which is also provided with a wedge-shaped tip 17, moves against the frame of the device 1. It is possible to crush objects that are within the system but located outside of the two axes.

The contour 13 may be ribbed or smooth. If it has ribs, it will make good contact with the object. , which leads to better redispersion. Each knife has a stopper 18 on the flange. 4 and attaching it to it with bolts 19 (see Figure 1). Can be attached to 2. If the knife is damaged, it can be easily replaced. Also, for each axis In addition to the arrangement shown in which nine knives are mounted, another number of knives may be mounted on each axis. The device can also be readjusted to fit. The shaft 2 and the fixed knife 6 are The equipment constitutes an independent unit that can be easily removed from the rest of the equipment 1. It is attached to a part of the mounting frame. For maintenance, replace only this unit. The device can then be used immediately.

FIG. 5 shows that each shaft 2 has a separate actuating mechanism in the form of a hydraulic motor 21 via a suitable gear 20. It is shown that the stage is operated with adjustable rotational speed. Hydraulic motor 21 is operated by an adjustable pump 22 operated by an engine 24 via a gear 23. is supplied. Engine 24 may be a diesel powered engine or one or more It can be some electric motor. Hydraulic oil is supplied from the tank 25 to the hydraulic motor 21 A pressure switch 26 is inserted in front of each motor 21 in the circuit that supplies the motor.

This makes it possible to measure the overload applied to the knife 3, and this measurement The rotation speed of shaft 2 can be adjusted by adjusting the capacity using the fixed value. can. The rotation speed can be adjusted in two steps, but continuous adjustment is also possible. Pon By adjusting the pump 22, the flow direction of the hydraulic circuit flowing through each motor 21 can be reversed. It can be oriented. In this way, each axis 2 is controlled according to a predetermined sequence. It is possible to rotate in forward and reverse directions. This allows rotation in one direction to The fragmentation is carried out in the opposite direction, and the material is redispersed in the opposite direction. The predetermined sequence is to crush It is selected depending on the object. The motor also serves as a pump 27 used for auxiliary functions of the device. but this is not necessary to understand the invention, so here Don't explain in detail.

FIG. 6 shows three examples of sequences for each of the two axes 2. Each sequence In this example, the lower graph shows the rotation of the axis in direction lO during the cutting movement of the knife. The upper graph shows rotation in the opposite direction. In the first example, The time lags t1 and t2 are 5 seconds and 20 seconds, respectively. In the second example, Thailand The time lags t3 and t4 are 5 seconds and 40 seconds, respectively. In the third example, the time lag t and t6 are 5 seconds and 40 seconds, respectively.

In these three examples, the two axes rotate simultaneously in opposite directions to the direction of the knife's cutting motion. Although no overlap is shown for the periods in which the .

The machine shown in Figure 1 can crush waste such as refrigerators, tires, organic waste, furniture, etc. An object is placed in the top of the device. During this process, the two axes 2 are moved in a predetermined sequence. rotates according to the direction. If an abnormal condition occurs during crushing, the worker should operations can be taken over.

Summary band A device for crushing objects is mounted in a spiral around two parallel horizontal axes (2) The knife (3) has two U-shaped blades (8). and cooperates with a fixed knife (6) arranged in the part between the two shafts (2). Break When the object to be crushed is introduced from the upper side of the device (1), the cooperation of the knives [3, 61 Thus, the object is shredded. The shaft (2) crushes the objects fed into the device. It is configured to rotate in the forward and reverse directions in order to perform both redistribution and redistribution. Ru. Since this device feeds the object uniformly, the energy required to operate the device is The amount of energy can be minimized.

Figure 1 is considered appropriate for disclosing the summary band.

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Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. Very bulky materials such as organic waste, refrigerators, tires, furniture, stumps, demolished wood, etc. A device (1) for crushing objects such as bulk waste, It is provided on a plane perpendicular to the rotational axis of two approximately parallel horizontal axes (2), and the circumference of the axes is has a crushing means consisting of U-shaped knives (3) distributed evenly along it. and said shafts (2) are driven by motors (24) capable of driving them in opposite directions. driven and between the radially outer tip (9) of the knife (3) and the axis of rotation (5) the objects are placed at a distance from each other slightly greater than twice the distance of the knife. is supplied to the knife (3) from an inlet provided above, and in the direction in which the shafts are opposite. When rotating, said knife (3) is attached to the frame of the crushing device in a position between said shafts (2). The blade ( The cutting edges (11) of 8) are moved towards each other on the upper side of the fixed knife (6). It is designed to move, The mutual distance between the two axes (2) is a constant distance, and the drive means (20, 21, 22, 2 3) is arranged between the motor (24) and the shaft (2), and the driving means A suitable gear (20) corresponding to each of the shafts (2) and a gear for operating each shaft (2). A hydraulic motor (21) whose rotation speed is adjustable, and a hydraulic motor (21) supplied to each hydraulic motor (21). an adjustable pump (22) for supplying the Reversing the flow flowing through the hydraulic motor (21) in order to rotate it in the opposite direction. A gear ( 23). 2. Each knife (3) has two successively arranged approximately U-shaped blades (8). and the radial direction of the two blades when viewed in the direction of rotation (10) of the cutting movement of the knife. The outer front part (9) is configured as a substantially tangentially oriented wedge (12). The distance between the axis of rotation (5) and the wedge (12) of the front blade (8) is shorter than the distance between the axis of rotation (5) and the wedge (12) of the rear blade (8); In addition, the radial outer shape (13) of the rear blade (8) is centered on the rotation axis (5). 2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first winding substantially corresponds to a part of the winding. 3. of the two rear blades when viewed in the direction of rotation (10) of the cutting movement of the knife (3) The rear part (14) is provided with an inverted U-shaped edge (16) so that the knife (3) cuts When rotating in a direction opposite to the direction of movement (10), said edges cooperate in crushing the object. 3. The apparatus of claim 2. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the rear blade has a ribbed outer surface. Place. 8 to 15, preferably 9 to 12 nuts for a 5.3 meter long shaft (2) 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that if (3) is used. 6. Said shaft (2) and fixed knife (6) can be removed and repositioned during maintenance and relocation. and/or constitutes a replaceable independent unit. Device. 7. The knives of the two axes are arranged mutually displaced from each other and are arranged around the two axes. The spiral formed by the knife is centered on a vertical plane located midway between the two axes. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is arranged substantially symmetrically about the center. 8. The drive means (20, 21, 22, 23) have individual rotation speeds and rotation sequences. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft (2) is rotated according to the speed. 9. A hydraulic circuit includes a pressure switch (26) that measures the load applied to the knife (3). ), and the rotation speed changes step by step according to the signal from the pressure switch (26). 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is controlled. 10. The drive means (20, 21, 22, 23) are activated by manual intervention in a predetermined sequence. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is configured to allow the device to operate.