JPH05504034A

JPH05504034A - antenna

Info

Publication number: JPH05504034A
Application number: JP3504009A
Authority: JP
Inventors: ステイカー、マーク・ロバート; ミラー、ポール・アンドリュー; マッキチャン、ジョン・キャメローン
Original assignee: ブリテイッシュ・テレコミュニケーションズ・パブリック・リミテッド・カンパニー
Priority date: 1990-02-06
Filing date: 1991-02-06
Publication date: 1993-06-24
Also published as: WO1991012637A1; EP0526457A1; GB9002636D0

Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。 (57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】アンテナ本発明は基体上の複数のパッチからなるマイクロストリップアンテナに関する。[Detailed description of the invention] antenna The present invention relates to a microstrip antenna consisting of a plurality of patches on a substrate.

マイクロストリップパッチアンテナは回路板に印刷されることができる共振放射構造である。励振が全て同位相であるように平面表面に配列されたこれらの複数の素子を給電することにより、平面であることにより小さい容積しか取らず、非常に高利得のアンテナが得られる。しかし、マイクロストリップアンテナには実用的利用を減少させる制限、特に、小さい帯域幅と低利得という制限がある。Microstrip patch antennas can be printed on circuit boards for resonant radiation It is a structure. A plurality of these arranged on a planar surface such that the excitations are all in phase By supplying power to the element, it takes up only a small volume due to its flat surface and is non-conductive. A high gain antenna is always obtained. However, microstrip antennas are There are limitations that reduce practical utilization, particularly the limitations of small bandwidth and low gain.

さらに多くの寄生的に給電パッチを付加することによる長方形のパッチの帯域幅を改良することが知られている（例えば英国特許第２０６７８４２号明細書）。Bandwidth of a rectangular patch by adding more parasitically powered patches It is known to improve (for example, British Patent No. 2,067,842).

このような寄生的パッチが励起される機構はよく認識されておらず、寄生的に給電パッチを含むパッチアレイからなる最適な性能のアンテナの設計は不可能であることが明らかにされている。The mechanism by which such parasitic patches are excited is not well understood and may be parasitically supplied. It is not possible to design an antenna with optimal performance consisting of a patch array containing electrical patches. It has been revealed that

ｗ０８９１０７８３８として公開されている本出願人の別出願のＰＣＴ特許出願の一観点では、アンテナは共振周波数で励振可能である実質上長方形の複数のパッチを有し、このそれぞれのパッチは基体上に配列された第１の１対の両側のエツジと、共振周波数に対応する長さの第２の１対の両側のエツジとを具備し、このアンテナにおいて、パッチはアレイのグループを形成するように配列され、このような各グループは給電線から給電されるように構成された第１のパッチと、それぞれ第１のパッチの第２のエツジの１つに隣接して間隔を有し、第１のパッチから寄生的にのみ給電されるように構成された第２の１対のパッチとを具備しており、グループは隣接したグループのパッチの間の間隔が実質上、グループ内のパッチの間の間隔を越えるようにアレイ中の基体上で分離して配列されていることを特徴とする。Applicant's separate PCT patent application published as w089107838 In one aspect, the antenna consists of multiple substantially rectangular antennas that can be excited at a resonant frequency. each patch has a first pair of opposing edges arranged on the substrate. and a second pair of opposite edges having a length corresponding to the resonant frequency; In this antenna, the patches are arranged to form groups in an array, and this a first patch configured such that each group is powered by a power line; each having a spacing adjacent one of the second edges of the first patch; a second pair of patches configured to be powered only parasitically from the patch; The spacing between patches in adjacent groups is effectively the same as within the group. are arranged separately on the substrate in an array to exceed the spacing between the patches of It is characterized by

その発明の好ましい実施例では、基体の２つのシートが使用され、給電ネットワークは一方に印刷され、パッチが他方に印刷されている。In a preferred embodiment of that invention, two sheets of substrate are used and the feeding network The mark is printed on one side and the patch is printed on the other side.

マイクロストリップパッチの指向性を改良するための寄生素子の使用は前述の特許明細書に記載されている。しかし、最適の帯域幅を提供するためのこれらの装置の使用は記載されていない。本発明の目的はマイクロ波またはミリメートル波ビデオ信号受信のために適切な帯域幅を有し、比較的安価に製造可能なアンテナを提供することである。The use of parasitic elements to improve the directivity of microstrip patches has the aforementioned characteristics. It is stated in the permit specification. However, these devices provide optimal bandwidth. The use of positioning is not described. The purpose of the invention is to use microwave or millimeter waves. Antenna with adequate bandwidth for video signal reception and relatively inexpensive to manufacture The goal is to provide the following.

本発明のよると、それ故基体上に配置されている長方形のマイクロストリップパッチの整列したグループの平面アレイからなるアンテナが提供され、各グループは放射性エツジで同一平面の給電線と接続されている中央の給電パッチと、給電パッチの各非放射性エツジにそれぞれ寄生的に結合するパッチ対とからなる。According to the invention, a rectangular microstrip pattern is therefore placed on the substrate. An antenna is provided consisting of a planar array of aligned groups of is a central feed patch connected to a coplanar feed line with a radial edge; each pair of patches parasitically coupled to each non-radioactive edge of the patch.

グループは以後「サブアレイ」と呼ぶ。Groups will be referred to hereinafter as "subarrays".

この明細書に使用されている「アレイ」はＮｘＭ素子の装置またはグループ、サブアレイの意味であり、ここでＮとＭは１より大きい整数である。"Array" as used in this specification refers to a device or group of NxM elements; where N and M are integers greater than 1.

給電線はパッチと同一の基体の上にあるため、基体の単一のシートと単一の印刷動作のみが必要とされ、従って、アンテナの価格が低下する。The feed line is on the same substrate as the patch, so a single sheet of substrate and a single print Only operation is required, thus reducing the cost of the antenna.

前述参照の特許出願における実施例による寸法にしたがって寄生装置を付加することは単一の広帯域よりむしろ２つの分離した共振を生じる。それは寄生素子は直接給電された素子と共振周波数においてかけ離れているためである。この効果は中心パッチの共振周波数を変更し、その長さを延長するように動作する給電線による。寄生素子を給電された素子に比較して長くすることはそれ故２つの共振を共に導くと考えられている。実際には、このことは発見されていない。本発明の別のいくつかの実施例はそれ故、単一の広帯域共振を有するこのタイプのアンテナを実現する問題にアドレスされる。Adding the parasitic device according to the dimensions according to the example in the above referenced patent application This results in two separate resonances rather than a single broadband. It is a parasitic element This is because the resonant frequency is far different from that of the directly powered element. This effect The feedline operates to change the resonant frequency of the center patch and extend its length. by. Making the parasitic element longer compared to the powered element therefore causes two resonances. It is believed that they will lead together. In reality, this has not been discovered. The present invention Some other embodiments of this type of amplifier therefore have a single broadband resonance. The problem of realizing tena is addressed.

第１の実施例では、グループ内の給電パッチと寄生パッチの隣接するエツジの間の間隔は給電パッチの幅Ｗの１５−１７％であり、寄生パッチは典型的に給電パッチより６％短い。In the first example, between adjacent edges of the feeding patch and the parasitic patch in the group The spacing is 15-17% of the width W of the feed patch, and the parasitic patch is typically 6% shorter than

この実施例では、アンテナに個々の給電パッチおよび寄生パッチの共振より実質上、広い帯域共振を生じさせるように十分な距離にだけ、寄生パッチは給電パッチの非放射性エツジより短いことが好ましい。In this embodiment, the antenna is substantially lower than the resonance of the individual feed and parasitic patches. Above, the parasitic patch is connected to the feed pad only at a sufficient distance to cause a wideband resonance. Preferably, the length of the non-radioactive edge is shorter than that of the first non-radioactive edge.

十分な放射効率を維持するために、サブアレイ幅は高さを維持し、しかも放射パターンにおける格子ローブを回避し、サブアレイ中心間の距離は動作波長以下に維持されなければチの幅は比較的狭く、長さはアンテナの共振周波数に関係しならない。また、給電線はパッチ輻射器に利用できる領域がさらに制限されるように放射素子の間を通過する必要がある。To maintain sufficient radiation efficiency, the subarray width maintains the same height and radiation pattern. Avoid grating lobes in the turns and keep the distance between subarray centers below the operating wavelength If not maintained, the width of the chi is relatively narrow and the length is independent of the resonant frequency of the antenna. No. Additionally, the area available for patch radiators will be further restricted by power feed lines. must pass between the radiating elements.

通常の基体では、これらの制限は非常に対立しており、この第１の実施例ではサブアレイグループは非常に幅があるため後者の制限（このことは全ての応用に致命的ではないが）を達成することはできない。In normal substrates, these limitations are very much in conflict, and this first embodiment provides support. The latter limitation (this is true for all applications) because array groups are very wide. (although not fatal) cannot be achieved.

それ故、第２の実施例は寄生パッチが長さにおいて給電パッチにほぼ等しく、これらの長さの一部に沿って給電パッチに単に隣接するのみであるように縦方向に変位され、変位はアンテナが各給電パッチおよび寄生パッチの共振より実質上、広帯域の共振を生じるのに十分な長さである。Therefore, the second embodiment is such that the parasitic patch is approximately equal in length to the feeding patch, and this longitudinally such that they are only adjacent to the feed patch along part of their length. The displacement is such that the antenna is substantially below the resonance of each feed patch and the parasitic patch. It is long enough to produce broadband resonance.

この実施例は前述の幅規準を満足させる。しかし、サブアレイの実効的な長さは増加（好ましい実施例では約６０％）し、サブアレイの隣接した列の給電線の配置を、ある応用ではより困難にさせる。This embodiment satisfies the aforementioned width criteria. However, the effective length of the subarray is increase (approximately 60% in the preferred embodiment) and increase the distribution of feed lines in adjacent columns of subarrays. This makes placement more difficult in some applications.

第３の実施例では、表面で給電された寄生アレイアンテナが提供され、このアンテナでは寄生パッチの幅はそれらの長さの４０〜６０％であり、それらはこれらの長さの１５〜３５％の間の間隔Ｓだけ給電パッチから間隔が隔てられ、間隔Ｓは列の隣接したグループ間の間隔より実質上、小さい。この実施例はマイクロまたはミリメートル波（１２−１００ＧＨ！　）の家庭用テレビ受信アンテナに特に有用である。In a third embodiment, a surface-fed parasitic array antenna is provided; In tena, the width of parasitic patches is 40-60% of their length; is spaced apart from the feed patch by a spacing S between 15 and 35% of the length of the patch, and a spacing S is substantially smaller than the spacing between adjacent groups of columns. This example or millimeter wave (12-100GH!) home TV receiving antenna. It is useful for

第４の実施例では、各基本的なグループはさらに第３のパッチの対を備え、それぞれ第１のパッチと各第２のパッチとの間にこれらと間隔を隔てて配置されており、各第３のパラであり、この例では周波数範囲４．４〜５　ＧＨｚでは２０ｍｍであるている。In a fourth embodiment, each basic group further comprises a third pair of patches, which spaced between each first patch and each second patch. and each third para, in this example 20 m in the frequency range 4.4-5 GHz. It is m.

本発明は以下の図面を伴って例示的に説明されている。The invention is illustrated by way of example with the following drawings.

図１は本発明による一般的なアンテナアレイグループの概略図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a general antenna array group according to the present invention.

（基体の厚さはまた動作波長に比例して変化する）。(Substrate thickness also varies proportionally to operating wavelength).

縦横比（Ｗ／　Ｌ　）が０．９２５より低いパッチは許容できない高インピーダンスを有し、１．０に近似した縦横比は貧弱な照準交差偏波放射レベルを生じるためサブアレイの中心バッチにわたる帯域幅で格子ローブを回避するための規準を満足させることはできない。Patches with aspect ratio (W/L) lower than 0.925 are unacceptable high impedance aspect ratios close to 1.0 result in poor cross-polarized radiation levels. Criteria for avoiding grating lobes in the bandwidth spanning the center batch of subarrays cannot be satisfied.

表面で給電された装置では寄生パッチ３ａ、３ｂが給電パッチ１と同一の形を有すると、アンテナは単一の広帯域整合よりむしろ不適切に整合した別々の共振を示し、１つは給電線により低周波に移動される供給されたパッチ共振である。In a surface-powered device, the parasitic patches 3a, 3b have the same shape as the feeding patch 1. The antenna then has separate improperly matched resonances rather than a single broadband match. One is the fed patch resonance which is moved to low frequency by the feed line.

図２を参照すると、この後者の問題は本発明の第１の実施例で解決され、この第１の実施例では寄生パッチ３ａ、３ｂの長さＬ２は給電パッチの長さくＬｌ）より短く製造され、好ましくは良好な広帯域整合を生じる結果となる約６％により７．５％のｌｏｄＢ反射減衰量帯域を与える。しかし、サブアレイ素子の幅は自由空間波長の０．９２であり、これは非常に大きい値であるため広帯域の簡単な長方形のアレイを与えることはできない。　□ この問題を解決するため寄生パッチ幅Ｗ２を減少することは２つの共振を再現させる結果となり、間隔Ｓｌの減少は帯域幅を減少することが発見されている。Referring to FIG. 2, this latter problem is solved in a first embodiment of the invention; In the first embodiment, the length L2 of the parasitic patches 3a and 3b is equal to the length Ll of the power supply patch. By about 6%, which results in shorter fabrication and preferably good broadband matching. Provides a lodB return loss band of 7.5%. However, the width of the subarray elements is This is 0.92 of the free spatial wavelength, which is a very large value, so it is easy to use a wide band. It is not possible to give a rectangular array. □ To solve this problem, reducing the parasitic patch width W2 reproduces the two resonances. It has been found that reducing the spacing Sl reduces the bandwidth.

図３を参照すると、第２の実施例では単一の集中共振は寄生パッチ３ａｓ　３ｂを距離Ｘたけ給電パッチから縦方向にずらすことによって生成されることができる。Referring to FIG. 3, in the second embodiment a single concentrated resonance is caused by parasitic patches 3as 3b can be generated by shifting vertically from the feeding patch by a distance Ru.

Ｘが低い値では適切な整合は低共振（反射減衰量はより高い共振の徴候を示すが）でのみ達成される。Ｘが増加すると、整合は改良され、Ｘ＝１２Ｉｎｍまたは０．６Ｌｌでは１０ｄＢ反射減衰量帯域幅は６．８％であることが理解できる。At low values of ) can only be achieved. As X increases, the match improves, with X=12Inm or It can be seen that at 0.6 Ll, the 10 dB return loss bandwidth is 6.8%.

この値のずれはＬ２を１９．５ｍｍに減少すると、帯域幅は７．５％に増加することが発見されている。この３素子グループは４．６Ｇ１１ｘにおける０゜７７ λ０に相当する５０．５ｍｍの総幅Ｙを有する。しかし、隣接するグループ列の間の間隔は通常、給電ネットワークでほぼ満たされているので、素子の長さは非常に増加され、同一平面の給電設計は実現しがたい。This deviation in value increases the bandwidth to 7.5% when L2 is reduced to 19.5mm. It has been discovered that. This three element group is 0°77 at 4.6G11x It has a total width Y of 50.5 mm, which corresponds to λ0. However, in the adjacent group column The spacing between them is usually approximately filled by the feed network, so the length of the A constantly increasing and coplanar feed design is difficult to achieve.

図４を参照すると、特に多重チャンネルビデオ分配のような広帯域幅（約ｌθ％）用に適切なアンテナは、中心パッチが非放射性エツジの約９２％であるグループからなり、Ｓ１＋Ｗ２Ｓの合計が約０．７５Ｌｌであり、誘電率ε−２，２の基体と共に、これは素子の総幅を格子ローブを阻止するように充分に狭く維持する。５ｌ−Ｑ、ｔ５Ｌ１ではｌｏｄＢ反射減衰量帯域幅は７．４％であり、反射減衰量は帯域を横切って１２ｄＢ以上である。Referring to FIG. 4, especially for wide bandwidth (approximately lθ% ) A suitable antenna for The total of S1+W2S is about 0.75Ll, and the dielectric constant is ε-2.2. Together with the substrate, this keeps the total width of the element narrow enough to block grating lobes. Ru. 5l-Q, t5L1, the lodB return loss bandwidth is 7.4%, and the reflection Attenuation is greater than 12 dB across the band.

Ｓ　−０，２０Ｌ！では帯域幅は７．８％であるが、共振は分離し始める。Ｓ　 −０，２９Ｌ、でも有用な広帯域幅が得られる。S-0,20L! , the bandwidth is 7.8%, but the resonances begin to separate. S -0.29L still provides a useful wide bandwidth.

このような２９ＧＢ！動作に適切なアンテナの１例では寸法は以下のようになる。29GB like this! An example of an antenna suitable for operation would have dimensions as follows: .

Ｓ　１−０．９４５０１１０Ｄ　−９，４７３１１１ｍ（隣接したグループの中心間の間隔） ε−２，２、基体の厚さ−０，２５４ｍｍ放射パターンの格子ローブを回避する一方、アレイアンテナを形成するため、グループは給電ネットワークがグループの間を通過゛できるように充分小型でなければならない。集結した給電ネットワークが用いられるとき、多数のニスブリットの使用が必要であり、通常、変成器（例えば、４分の１波長変成器）が給電線をパッチに整合するために２要とされる。S1-0.9450110 D -9,473111m (distance between centers of adjacent groups) ε - 2,2, substrate thickness - 0,254 mm to avoid grating lobes in the radiation pattern On the other hand, to form an array antenna, the group is It must be small enough to pass between them. Concentrated power supply network When arcs are used, the use of multiple varnish brits is required and usually the transformer (e.g., quarter-wave transformers) are required to match the feed line to the patch. Ru.

従来技術では、変成器はニスブリットの交差アームに対して９０″で結合している。しかし、寄生パッチグループを使用すると、変成器に対して空間が不十分である。変成器が実質上、給電線の直線の部分から形成されることが好ましい。このことは給電線の高インピーダンス部分における屈曲から生じる過剰な放射を回避する。In the prior art, the transformer was coupled 90" to the crossed arms of the Nisbrids. Ru. However, when using parasitic patch groups, there is insufficient space for the transformer. be. Preferably, the transformer is formed from a substantially straight section of the feed line. child The purpose of avoid

図５を参照すると、本発明の好ましい実施例では給電線２はＵ型に反転成いは後部へ湾曲されており、その結果、ニスブリット４は変成器２ａの外端部よりパッチに近接して配置されている。Referring to FIG. 5, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the feeder line 2 is inverted into a U-shape. As a result, the varnish brit 4 is curved toward the outer end of the transformer 2a. located close to the

図６を参照すると、２９ＧＨｘにおいて使用されるアレイアンテナは図４の実施例におけるグループの方形アレイからなり、図５の実施例に従って給電されている。即ち、給電ネットワークのための予備空間が非常に少ない。アンテナは基体の孔を通って中心点から給電される。Referring to Figure 6, the array antenna used in 29GHx is the implementation of Figure 4. The example consists of a rectangular array of groups and is powered according to the embodiment of FIG. Ru. That is, there is very little spare space for the power supply network. The antenna is the base Power is supplied from a central point through the hole in the

図７を参照すると、本発明のさらに別の実施例では図４に示されたタイプの広い間隔のグループではギャップ内に位置されている寄生ストリップパッチの対５ａ、５ｂをさらに使用することが可能であることが認められる。グループの総合的な共振周波数はストリップパッチ５　ａ　ｓ　５　ｂの長さＬ３によって決定されることが理解され、このことは単なるストリップの長さの再設計により、単一のアンテナ設計が異なった周波数で使用できる利点がある。Referring to FIG. 7, yet another embodiment of the invention provides a wide base of the type shown in FIG. Pairs 5a of parasitic strip patches located within the gaps in the interval group , 5b can be further used. group overall The resonant frequency is determined by the length L3 of the strip patch 5a, s, 5b. It is understood that by simply redesigning the length of the strip, a single The advantage is that the antenna design can be used at different frequencies.

前述の本発明によるアンテナはよりよい利得、よりよい帯域幅、単一パッチアンテナより狭いＨ平面ビーム幅および角頭域の大部分のよりよい直交偏波を有することができる。さらに、給電ネットワークおよび関連するスプリッタ損失の複雑性は同一の利得を有する単一パッチアンテナと比較して減少される。The antenna according to the invention described above has better gain, better bandwidth, single patch amplifier. Narrower H-plane beamwidth and better orthogonal polarization of most of the angular head area than the tena be able to. Additionally, the complexity of the feed network and associated splitter losses performance is reduced compared to a single patch antenna with the same gain.

前述の発明が送信機に関して説明されたが、勿論、（好ましく）受信アンテナにも同様に適用できる。即ち給電および給電線に関しては通常、このことを含めて理解されよう。Although the foregoing invention has been described with respect to a transmitter, it is of course also possible to (preferably) apply it to a receiving antenna. can be similarly applied. In other words, regarding power supply and power supply lines, this is usually included. be understood.

次の表は好ましい実施例のマイクロストリップ寄生パッチの寸法に対する通常の規準および特別の規準の両者について示している。The following table shows the typical dimensions for the preferred embodiment microstrip parasitic patch. Both normative and special criteria are indicated.

要約書マイクロ波およびミリメートル波層バッチアレイマイクロ波アンテナは基体の上に配置された表面給電パッチ（１）とその給電パッチ（１）の非放射性エツジから給電される１対の寄生パッチＤａ、　３ｂ）とを具備している。１実施例では寄生パッチＤ！、　３ｂ）は給電パッチ（１）と同じ長さであるが、その幅は５０％程度であり、広い間隔を有している。例えばビデオ分配のための広帯域受信装置として有用である。abstract Microwave and millimeter wave layer batch array microwave antennas on the substrate surface-feeding patch (1) placed on A pair of parasitic patches Da, 3b) to which power is supplied from. In one example Parasitic patch D! , 3b) is the same length as the power patch (1), but its width is 5 It is approximately 0%, and has a wide interval. Wideband reception for e.g. video distribution It is useful as a device.

補正書の翻訳文提出書（特許法第１８４条の８）平成４年８月６日Submission of translation of written amendment (Article 184-8 of the Patent Law) August 6, 1992

Claims

[Claims]

(1) In the antenna, a rectangular microstrip pad placed on the base consists of a planar array of aligned groups of chips, each group having identical radial edges. The center feed patch connects to the planar feed line, and the and a pair of patches each parasitically coupled to each other.

(2) The feed patch width (W1) along the radiating edge avoids orthogonal polarization. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the antenna is substantially shorter than the length along the non-radiating edge.

(3) The width (W1) of the feeding patch along the radiating edge is the same as the width (W1) of the feeding patch along the non-radiating edge. The antenna according to claim 2, wherein the length is 92 to 93% of the length L1.

(4) The array consists of columns of groups, the patches of the groups are arranged in columns, The length of the parasitic patch is essentially equal to the non-radiative edge of the patch, and the length of the parasitic patch is The center-to-center distance between the patches is 0.9λ (λ is the wavelength at which the patch resonates). An antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is smaller.

(5) The spacing between adjacent edges of feeding patches and parasitic patches within a group is The antenna according to claim 4, wherein the antenna is 4 to 10% of λ.

(6) The antenna of claim 5, wherein the spacing is substantially 4.8% of λ.

(7) The spacing between adjacent edges of feeding patches and parasitic patches within a group is The antenna according to claim 4, wherein the width is 15 to 35% of the width (W1) of the feeding patch.

8. The antenna of claim 7, wherein the spacing is approximately 17% of the width of the feed patch.

(9) The spacing between adjacent edges of feeding patches and parasitic patches in a group is An antenna according to claim 4, which is approximately 15-30% of the length (L1) of the feed patch.

(10) Claim 9, wherein the interval is approximately 15.4% of the length (L1) of the power supply patch. Antenna as described.

(11) Substantially broadband resonance from each powered patch and parasitic patch resonance. A non-radiating patch that is powered by a parasitic patch far enough to cause the antenna to 4. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the antenna is shorter than the edge of the antenna.

12. The antenna of claim 11, wherein the parasitic patch is approximately 6% shorter than the feed patch.

(13) The antenna of claim 12, wherein the parasitic patch is 2 to 3% wider than the feeding patch.

(14) The parasitic patch has approximately the same length as the feeding patch, and a portion of these lengths vertically displaced along only adjacent feed patches, and that displacement is The resonance of the patch and the parasitic patch effectively creates a broadband resonance in the antenna. 4. An antenna according to claim 1, wherein the antenna is of sufficient length to allow the antenna to move.

(15) The displacement is 0.6L1, and the parasitic patch is 2-3% shorter than the feeding patch. The antenna according to claim 14.

(16) The width of the parasitic patches is 40–60% of the length, and these parasitic patches spaced apart from the feeding patch by a spacing (S1) ranging from 15 to 35% of the length. and this spacing (S1) is substantially smaller than the spacing between adjacent groups of rows. The antenna according to claim 4, excluding the addition of claim 1.

17. The antenna of claim 16, wherein the width of the parasitic patch is approximately 57% of the length.

(18) The spacing (S1) must be smaller than 66% of the spacing between said adjacent groups. The antenna according to claim 16.

(19) The spacing (S1) is approximately 23% of the spacing between said adjacent groups. The antenna according to claim 18.

(20) Claim 16, wherein the width of the parasitic patch is 44 to 50% of the length of the parasitic patch. 19. The antenna according to any one of items 18 to 18.

(21) The sum of the parasitic patch width and spacing (S1) is approximately 70 to 7 of the parasitic patch length. 21. An antenna according to any one of claims 16 to 18 to 20, wherein the antenna is 5%.

(22) The antenna of claim 21, wherein the sum is approximately 72.5% of the parasitic patch length. Tena.

(23) Each group has yet another pair of parasitic patches, and each group has A narrow parasitic strip patch adjacent to each non-radiative edge of the It is a symmetrical arrangement with yet another parasitic patch located beyond the trip patch. , the width of the strip patches and the separation between the patches is such that the antenna and the parasitic patch resonances are selected to produce resonances that are substantially broader than the resonances of the parasitic patches. The antenna according to item 3.

(24) The width of the strip patch is approximately 15%, and the separation between the patches within each group 13. An antenna according to claim 12, wherein is approximately 5% of the length (L1) of the feed patch.

(25) Coplanar feed lines form a centralized feed network, and each feed line is Any one of claims 1 to 14, comprising a transformer formed by a straight section of electric wire. The antenna described in item 1.

(26) Any of claims 1 to 25, wherein the portion of the feeder line is curved and inverted. The antenna described in item 1.

(27) The centralized power supply network further has multiple T-splits, and each power supply line An amplifier according to claim 25 or 26 connected to the arm of the T-split. Tena.

(28) The connection between each said feeder line and each T-split is at an angle of 90° or more. The T-split is closer to the group than the outer end of the transformer. 28. The antenna of claim 27, wherein the antenna extends over the antenna.

(29) The antenna according to claim 28, wherein the final path is a U-shaped path.

(30) The equivalent dielectric constant of the substrate is about 2.2, according to any one of claims 1 to 29. Antenna on board.

(31) An antenna substantially as described with reference to any one of FIGS. tena array element.

(32) An antenna substantially as described with reference to any one of FIGS. 1-6.