JPH05307354A - Constellation display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the constellation display device which is highly portable, can be handled by simple operations, displays the azimuth and altitude angles of constellations in an easily understandable manner and facilitates the contrast with the actual constellations. CONSTITUTION:This constellation display device is constituted in the following manner: (a) The constellations on the celestial sphere are displayed on the spherical surface 10a of a spherical shell 10 like a celestial globe. The constellations to be displayed are so disposed that the front and rear are corrected when viewed from the outside of the spherical body, unlike generation celestial globes. (b) The spherical shell 10 is suspended and supported by filling flowable liquid 30 into the transparent spherical shell 20. A permanent magnet 40 is fixed into the inside wall part of the spherical shell 10 to constitute a bearing magnet of a liquid immersion system. The posture of the spherical body is corrected and held in such a manner that the celestial sphere displayed on the spherical surface 10a faces the specified azimuth and altitude angle regardless of the posture of the device itself. (c) The constellations displayed on the spherical surface 10a are magnified and peeped by an inverted magnifying optical system in such a manner that the apparent size thereof is the same as the apparent size of the actual constellations.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a constellation display device, that is, a device for displaying in which direction of the sky a star, a nebula, a cluster, etc. (hereinafter simply referred to as a constellation) is visible. It is a thing.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a conventional constellation display device, a constellation quick reference board as shown in FIG. 6 is well known. Rotating disk 220
Can be rotated with respect to the fixed disk 210 with the shaft 230 as the center of rotation. On the outer circumference of the fixed disk 210, a date / time scale 210a is engraved, and inside the constellation 210
b is displayed. Further, a time scale 220a is engraved on the outer peripheral portion of the rotating disk 220, an opaque portion 220c and an elliptical transparent window portion 220b are provided inside thereof, and an azimuth scale 220d is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the transparent window portion 220b.
Is engraved. In the case of the Northern Sky constellation board, axis 230 represents the celestial north pole. The usage is such that when the rotating disk 220 is rotated to match the time and the scale of the month and day, the constellation seen at that time is displayed in the transparent window 220b.

As another conventional technique, a personal computer is used.
There is a type of constellation display device that displays the arrangement of celestial bodies and constellations on the monitor screen when you enter the date, time, azimuth angle, and altitude angle that you want to check using a computer (hereinafter referred to as a personal computer). Since the computer has a built-in clock, it is convenient to set the time beforehand so that you can omit entering the date and time. Also, if an encoder is provided on the shaft of the astronomical telescope mount and information such as azimuth angle and altitude angle is input from this encoder, the constellation in the direction in which the telescope is directed can be displayed on the monitor screen.

In addition, there is a celestial sphere as shown in FIG. 7 as a conventionally known one. The sphere 300 displaying the constellation 300a is rotatably supported by a shaft 310,
It is stably held by the arm portion 320 and the pedestal 330. Since the constellation 300a displayed on the spherical surface is arranged so as to be the same as the actual constellation when viewed from the center of the sphere, when viewed from the outside of the sphere, the vertical relationship is the same and the left and right are reversed, that is, the front and back are opposite. It is arranged.

[0005]

The conventional constellation display devices have the following problems, respectively. First of all, the constellation quick reference board has good portability, but the transparent window 220b
Indicates the starry sky of the entire field of view at that time,
Since the transparent windows cover half the constellations of the celestial sphere, the displayed constellations have a smaller apparent size than the actual constellations, making it difficult to contrast with the actual constellations. In addition, although an actual celestial sphere (hemisphere) should be circular when projected onto a plane, the transparent window portion 220b is projected into an elliptical shape, which makes it difficult to grasp the azimuth angle and altitude angle of the constellation. Distortion occurs in the shape of the constellation in the periphery. Also, due to projection reasons, it was not possible to display all constellations on the celestial sphere.

Next, for the personal computer type, the azimuth angle and the altitude angle can be accurately grasped and detailed information can be displayed, but the personal computer body, the monitor display,
The equipment such as the power supply is large and the portability is not good. Also, for example, when contrasting a star map with an actual constellation, it is easy to raise the star map to the same altitude angle as the actual constellation, but the monitor display is heavy and such an operation is difficult.

On the celestial sphere, the constellation 300 displayed
When viewed from the outside of the sphere, "a" has the opposite layout, making it difficult to contrast with the actual constellation. As a countermeasure, some celestial spheres are designed so that the front and back are correctly displayed from the outside. However, when trying to contrast with the actual constellation,
Each time, it takes a lot of time to rotate the sphere 300 to an appropriate position, and the displayed constellation does not necessarily have an apparent size equal to that of the actual constellation. Therefore, it is difficult to contrast with the actual constellation, and the sphere 300 is also relatively large and poor in portability, so it is rarely used for the purpose of contrasting with the actual celestial body, and is simply to cover all constellations on the celestial sphere. It was often used.

The present invention solves the above problems, is excellent in portability, can be handled by a simple operation, and the displayed constellation has almost the same apparent size as the actual constellation. It provides a constellation display device in which the altitude angle is easy to understand and can be easily compared with the actual constellation.

[0009]

[Means for Solving Problems] In order to solve the above problems, the following configuration is adopted. (D) Display the constellations on the sphere on a sphere like a celestial sphere. However, unlike general celestial globes, the constellations displayed are arranged so that the front and back are correct when viewed from the outside of the sphere. (E) A liquid immersion type compass is used as a supporting device for supporting the sphere. (F) The constellation displayed on the spherical surface should be magnified and viewed with the inverted optical system.

[0010]

The following effects can be obtained by adopting the configurations (d) to (f) above. (G) Since the constellation is displayed on the spherical surface, there is no difficulty in projection, and the constellation on the celestial sphere can be displayed without distortion and without distortion. (H) Regardless of the posture of the device itself, the posture of the sphere can be corrected so that the constellation displayed on the spherical surface faces a certain azimuth and altitude angles. (I) By appropriately selecting the magnification of the inverted optics, the apparent size of the image of the constellation observed can be made almost the same as the actual constellation.

Further, as will be described in detail later, as an interaction of (G) to (L), when the sight of the optical system is pointed at the same azimuth and altitude as the actual constellation, the image of that constellation is obtained. Since it is observable, the orientation and altitude of the constellation are easy to understand, and the contrast is easy.

[0012]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention. An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. A constellation is displayed on the spherical surface 10a of the display spherical shell 10 made of an opaque member. The constellation in this case is a generic term including stars, lines connecting stars, nebula clusters, constellation pictures and their names. Transparent ball shell 20 made of transparent material
A fluid liquid 30 is enclosed in the gap between the display spherical shell 10 and the display spherical shell 10, and the display spherical shell 10 is floatingly supported by the liquid 30. Therefore, the display spherical shell can be three-dimensionally rotated about the center 10c as a rotation center.

Next, a lens barrel 130 is fixed to the transparent spherical shell 20. The objective lens 110 and the eyepiece lens 120 inside the lens barrel are both convex lens systems having positive power, and constitute a relatively low-magnification microscope that magnifies the real image of the focal point F of the objective lens 110 with the eyepiece lens 120.
By looking with the eye I through the peephole 150, the spherical surface 10a
The constellation displayed above can be magnified and viewed as an inverted image. 140 is a ray path. The light emitting element 160 is
It can be made to emit light by a power supply battery (not shown) in the lens barrel 130, and illuminates the spherical surface 10a at night.

Further, inside the display spherical shell 10, there is a permanent magnet 40 which also serves as a weight and a direction magnet, and is fixed to the display spherical shell 10 by a method described later. This is the same structure as the conventionally known immersion type compass. This effect will be specifically described with reference to FIG.

In FIG. 2, it is assumed that the permanent magnet 40 inside the display spherical shell 10 is fixed to the display spherical shell 10 for convenience of explanation. The N pole 40n of the permanent magnet 40 points in the direction of magnetic north (nearly north), and also serves as a weight.
Corrects and holds the posture of the display spherical shell 10 so that it is always positioned vertically downward due to gravity. 130 indicated by the two-dot chain line in the figure
Reference characters a, 130b, and 130c exemplify the appearance of the lens barrel when the device is tilted at various angles, but even if the device itself is tilted and supported at various angles in this way, the display spherical shell 1 is not shown.
The celestial body x displayed on 0 can always face a constant azimuth α and altitude angle h.

The arrangement of the north and south poles of the sky displayed on the display spherical shell will be described with reference to FIG. In this example,
The structure is designed for use in Japan (around 35 degrees north latitude). Due to the effect of the immersion type compass magnet, the upper pole 10b in the oblique direction always points in the actual north pole direction of the heaven, and the lower pole 10d in the oblique direction always points in the actual south pole direction of the heaven. The inclination θ has the same value as the latitude of the observation point. The celestial north-south pole displayed on the display spherical shell is displayed so as to be opposite to the actual celestial north-south pole. That is, on the display shell 10, the pole 10b is located at the south pole of heaven, the pole 10
Draw so that the north pole of heaven is located in d.

Next, the positional relationship between the constellation displayed on the display spherical shell and the actual constellation will be specifically described with reference to FIG. The constellation displayed on the spherical surface 10a of the display spherical shell 10 is projected and displayed on the spherical surface on the side opposite to the actual constellation direction with the center 10c of the sphere as the center of projection. In the figure, P,
Q and R are certain stars in the actual constellation. A straight line connecting the star P and the center 10c of the sphere displays the star at the position of the point p where it intersects with the spherical surface on the side opposite to the actual constellation direction. Similarly, the points q and r are displayed on the display spherical shell 10. When projection display is performed for the stars in the constellation of all heavens in the same manner, unlike the ordinary celestial sphere, the front and back can be seen correctly from the outside of the display spherical shell 10, and the north and south poles of heaven are the actual celestial sphere. The constellation is located opposite to the North and South Pole.

Therefore, assuming that there is a certain constellation X in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 1, the observer looks at the constellation x displayed on the display spherical shell 10 from the position of the eye I (excluding the optical system). In the case where the constellation x is upright, the constellation x is displayed in an inverted state on the display spherical shell at a position on the eye side of the observer.

Next, the operation of the embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 4 shows a use state of the constellation display device, and shows a state in which the observer points the optical axis of the inverted optical system in the actual constellation X direction. 130 is a lens barrel of an inverted optical system, and the peephole 150 faces the observer. Reference numeral 10 is a display spherical shell, and the transparent spherical shell is omitted for convenience of explanation. As an example, X
Shows that the constellation Orion, which is a typical constellation near the equator of the sky, is almost in the south. E, W, S, N in the figure
Indicates the actual direction of the sky (north, east, west, and west), where the upper part is north N, the lower part is south S, the left part is east E, and the right part is west W.

At this time, the constellation x on the display shell 10 is displayed in an inverted state at the position on the eye side of the observer, as described above. Therefore, north, south, east, and west on the displayed spherical shell is
The upper part is south s, the lower part is north n, the left part is west w, and the right part is east e. A circle drawn by a chain double-dashed line on the display spherical shell indicates the range of the visual field of the inverted optical system.

Further, the constellation X'observed as an image in the field of view of the inverted optical system looks upright because the constellation x displayed in the inverted state is further converted to the inverted state. Therefore, the north, south, east, and west of the image of the inverted optical system is the same as the actual sky. That is, the upper part is north N ', the lower part is south S', the left part is east E ', and the right part is west W'. The constellation X'observed as an image
By setting the magnification of the inverted optical system appropriately, the actual constellation and the apparent size are displayed to be approximately the same.

Next, FIG. 5 shows a state in which the apparatus (lens barrel 130) is tilted in the east direction from the state of FIG. At this time, the display ball shell 10 tries to correct and hold the posture of the sphere so that the constellation displayed on the spherical surface faces a certain azimuth angle and altitude angle regardless of the posture of the device itself. Therefore, on the display sphere angle 10, only the visual field of the optical system moves in the e direction. Therefore, the constellation X ′ observed as an image in the magnified inverted optical system appears to have moved in the W ′ direction. Therefore, the observer can see the display in the eastern sky range as an image by the angle of tilting the device. This is also the case when the device is tilted in a direction other than east.

In this way, when the peephole of the optical system is directed to the azimuth angle and altitude angle to be confirmed, the image of the constellation in that direction can be observed in an upright state, and the direction in which the optical system faces is changed on the way. Even in such a case, the constellation in the direction in which the optical axis of the optical system is directed can be displayed by following it.

Finally, a method of fixing the display spherical shell 10 and the permanent magnet 40 will be described with reference to FIG. On the inner wall of the display spherical shell 10, a bearing 50 is fixed at the position of the pole 10b, and a clock motor 60 is fixed at the position of the pole 10d.
0 has one end supported by a bearing 50 and the other end having a motor 60.
Is rotatably supported by being coupled to the rotating shaft of the. The permanent magnet 40 is fixed to the polar shaft 70. The timepiece motor 60 can rotate the pole shaft 70 in the direction of arrow B (counterclockwise when viewed from the side of the pole 10b) at the same angular velocity as the diurnal motion of the celestial body by a power supply battery (not shown).

However, since the reduction ratio of the timepiece motor 60 is sufficiently large, the driving force can be transmitted from the motor side to the polar shaft, but the rotor inside the motor is driven by the torque from the opposite direction, that is, the polar shaft side. It cannot be rotated with respect to the motor case. Therefore, the polar axis 70
When a torque equal to or greater than a predetermined value is applied to the pole shaft and the motor (and the rotor of the motor), the entire body rotates together.

When an attempt is made to rotate the pole shaft 70 in the direction of arrow B by the clock motor, the permanent magnet 40 always tries to stay in the vertically lower position due to gravity,
As a result, the polar axis 70 does not rotate and instead the motor 60
The display spherical shell 10 to which the motor is fixed rotates in the direction C (clockwise when viewed from the pole 10b side) in the figure at the same angular velocity as the diurnal motion.

With such a structure, it can be considered that the relative positions of the display spherical shell 10 and the permanent magnet 40 are fixed in a short time, so that the liquid immersion type as described above is used. It can have the same structure as a compass.

The celestial body makes a diurnal motion with both poles of the heavens as axes, and the constellations change its direction from moment to moment. Therefore, by rotating the display spherical shell 10 in the C direction at the same angular velocity as the diurnal motion by the clock motor, the constellation on the display spherical shell 10 is moved with respect to the center 10c of the display spherical shell.
You can always keep it in a position symmetrical to the actual constellation. Therefore, once the positional relationship between the time and the constellation is set, it is not necessary to set it again and the operability is improved.

[0029]

As described above, according to the present invention, since it can be handled by a simple operation and the displayed constellation appears to be the same in apparent size as the constellation actually seen, there is no discomfort.
Further, when the peep point is directed to the same azimuth and altitude as the actual constellation, the constellation is displayed, so that it is possible to provide a constellation display device that can be easily compared and the orientation and altitude of the constellation can be easily understood.

Since this device is small and lightweight, it has good portability and can be handled by hand, and can be easily mounted on a device such as a telescope. Since the timepiece motor used in this embodiment can be used for a general timepiece, the power consumption is small, and the light emitting element for lighting does not consume much power, so these power supply batteries can be built in the main body of the device. And does not affect portability.

Further, in this embodiment, since the constellation drawn on the spherical surface is enlarged and observed, detailed information can be displayed as compared with the conventional constellation quick reference board. The magnifying power may be changed by making the lens interchangeable or zooming so that more detailed information regarding constellations and astronomical objects can be read.

When this device is provided at a low cost, the operability is deteriorated, but the watch device is not built in, and an opening is provided in a part of the transparent spherical shell to form a polar axis in the display spherical shell. Even if you rotate by hand, or prepare a plurality of spheres that gradually change the pointing direction of the constellation on the display spherical shell according to the diurnal movement, and replace each time and use it good.

Further, in the present embodiment, the liquid immersion type azimuth magnet is used to correct / maintain the attitude of the sphere, but the attitude of the sphere is actively rotated by using the servo motor and the azimuth / altitude angle sensor. It doesn't matter even if you use a gyroscope or a moving / correcting method. Also, when mounted on an astronomical telescope, the rotation of the axis of the gantry (lattice and equatorial mount) is mechanically transmitted to the sphere using gears, belts, etc. to rotate and correct the posture of the sphere. You may do it.

Furthermore, when the peephole is directed downward from the horizontal direction, even the constellations below the horizon are displayed, which is convenient because the constellation before rising can be predicted. In addition, it has a great educational effect, such as displaying constellations in the high latitude part of the southern hemisphere that cannot be seen from Japan.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partial sectional view showing an embodiment of a constellation display device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an effect of the liquid immersion type compass of the constellation display device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an arrangement of constellations on a display spherical shell of the constellation display device of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a first diagram showing an operation of the constellation display device of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a second diagram showing the operation of the constellation display device of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a partially cutaway plan view showing a conventional constellation reference board.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a conventional celestial sphere.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Display Ball Shell 20 Transparent Ball Shell 30 Fluid Liquid 40 Permanent Magnet 50 Bearing 60 Clock Motor 70 Polar Axis 110 Objective Lens 120 Eyepiece Lens 130 Lens Barrel 140 Ray Path 150 Peephole 160 Light Emitting Element

Claims (1)

[Claims] (A) All or part of a spherical surface has a sphere on which the arrangement of celestial bodies on the celestial sphere and a constellation picture are displayed so that the front and back can be seen correctly from the outside of the sphere. (B) The sphere is three-dimensionally rotatably supported about the center of rotation of the sphere, and the celestial body displayed on the spherical surface has a constant azimuth angle and altitude angle regardless of the posture of the device itself. It has a support device that corrects and holds the posture of the sphere so as to face. (C) An inverted optical system for observing the arrangement and constellation picture of the celestial body displayed on the spherical surface of the sphere from the outside of the sphere. A constellation display device configured as described above.