JPH0435755A - Cyclone separator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To separate particles of solid fuel out of a gas discharged from a combustion system or the like by installing many pipes extending on a circumference of a circle in parallel to each other, connecting a ring header to at least one end of each pipe, and equipping a transfering means for transfering water or steam to the ring header. CONSTITUTION: An inlet path (24) receives a high temperature gas from a fluidizing bed reactor containing particulate fuel from a fluidizing bed. The inlet path (24) is formed in such a way that the gas containing the particulate fuel flows in the direction of a nearly tangential line against a circular chamber (28) and therefore, to form an eddy current in the circular chamber (28) along with its circumference. Entrained solid particles collide and are gathered on the inner wall of a cylindrical section (8) by the centrifugal force and flow down to a hopper section (6) by the force of gravity. The pure gas remaining in the chamber (28) flows in an inner tube (26) through its lower end. The gas is discharged from an upper end of the inner tube (26) after passing through the whole length of it and is directed to an outside apparatus for an after-use. Water or steam from a steam drum (40) transferes into a pipe (44) and ring headers (12) at the lower end. Thereby, heat loss decreases and a requirement for heat insulating the flame resistant materials inside is minimized.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] <Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a cyclone separator, and more particularly to a cyclone separator for separating solid fuel particles from gas discharged from a combustion system, etc. 6. PRIOR ART A conventional cyclone separator typically has a hopper connected to its lower end for collecting solid particles therefrom. Cyclone separators and hoppers typically have a wear-resistant and insulating unitary outer refractory wall so that the outer casing is relatively cold. These refractory walls are typically formed by a metal outer casing body and two inner layers of insulating refractory material to protect the outer casing from high temperatures and reduce heat loss. However, these refractory layers must be
The need to be relatively thick increases separator and hopper volume, weight and cost, and requires relatively long controlled start-up and shut-down periods to prevent cracking of the refractory material. Become. Moreover, in this configuration, the metal outer casing body cannot be further insulated to the outside, since this treatment would increase the temperature of the outer casing body to a temperature of 816° C. (816° C.), which significantly exceeds its maximum withstandable temperature. This is because the temperature reaches a high temperature of 1,500 ℃ below).

Many conventional cyclone separators also require relatively expensive, high-temperature, refractory-lined duct systems and relatively expensive and complex structures between the reactor and the cyclone and between the cyclone and the heat recovery section. requires an expansion joint between the Additionally, a conventional cyclone separator formed as described above.

To prevent premature cracking of the firewall, a relatively long heating period is required before going online, which is also inconvenient and increases the cost of the process. For other cyclone separators.

It is sometimes necessary to provide a separate circuit for the roof pipes, which further increases the cost of the overall device.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, one object of the present invention is to provide a cyclone separator in which heat losses are reduced and the requirements for internal refractory insulation treatment are minimized.

Another object of the invention is to provide a cyclone separator of the type mentioned at the outset, which has a significantly reduced volume, weight and cost compared to conventional separators.

Yet another object of the present invention is to minimize the need for expensive high temperature refractory lined duct systems and expansion joints between the furnace section and the cyclone separator and between the cyclone separator and the heat recovery section. The object of the present invention is to provide a cyclone separator of the type mentioned at the outset.

Yet another object of the invention is that the cyclone separator is formed by a large number of heat exchanger tubes covering the conical section, cylindrical section and roof section, whereby the The object of the present invention is to provide a cyclone separator of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the circulation of the steam-water mixture in a natural circulation boiler is maintained in the heat exchanger tubes.

Means for Solving the Problems To achieve these objects, the cyclone separator according to the present invention has one cylindrical section and a roof section.

hopper compartment, and all these compartments are
It is formed by a number of tubes extending in parallel relationship. Ring headers are provided to direct cooling water or steam into the pipes. The inner collar tube or tube is arranged to form an annular chamber with the cylindrical section of the separator in which a mixture of gas and solid particles is separated from the gas by centrifugal force. The receiver is put in to remove by.

The solid particles fall into the hopper compartment of the cyclone separator for disposal or recycling, and the gas migrates upward through the cyclone separator towards an external heat recovery device.

<Example> Next, a preferred example of the present invention will be described in more detail based on the drawings.

With reference to FIG. 1, a cyclone separator 2 according to the invention comprises an upper roof section 4, a conical lower hopper section 6,
an intermediate cylindrical section 8. The lower ring header 12 is located at the lower end of the hopper compartment 6, and
The upper ring header 14 is arranged above the roof section 4.

Each compartment 4, 6.8 is formed by a series of mutually spaced parallel tubes 20, these tubes 2
0 extends over the entire length of the separator 2 and is connected to the header 12 at the lower end and to the header 14 at the upper end. 6 artificial passages 24 are arranged inside the cylindrical compartment 8. , assignee's U.S. Pat. No. 474,633
7 (incorporated by this reference) by bending a portion of the tube 20 outwardly from the plane of the cylindrical section 8.

The roof section 4 bends the tube 20 at a radially inward angle to form the tube section 20a and then at an upward angle to form the tube section 20a.
0b.

The inner tube or inner tube 26 is disposed inside the cylindrical section 8 and is made of a solid metal material such as stainless steel, and its upper end extends slightly above the roof section 4. There is. Inner tube 26 passes just inside a circular opening defined by each apex formed by bent tube sections 20a, 20b. There is an annular chamber 28 between the outer surface of the inner cylinder 26 and the inner surface of the cylindrical section 8 for reasons explained below.
is formed.

As shown more clearly in FIG. 2, the tubes 20 are spaced apart from each other such that a series of fins 30 extend from and are welded to adjacent tubes 20. The formed structure is disposed between the inner refractory material 32 and the outer insulation material 34. The refractory material 32 may be a relatively thin layer of highly conductive refractory, and the insulating material may be any conventional material.

A natural circulation steam drum 40 is connected to the upper ring header 14 via a pipe 42 and two branch pipes 42a, 42b. Downcomer pipe 44 and two branch pipes 44a, 4
4b connects the steam drum 40 to the lower ring header 12. Accordingly, water from the steam drum 40 is gravity fed by downcomers 44 to the lower ring header 12 and migrates upwardly from the lower ring header 12 via the tubes 20 by natural convection, as described below.

The separator 2 of the present invention is a part of a boiler system (not shown) including a fluidized bed reactor disposed near the separator 2. Receives hot gas from a fluidized bed reactor containing entrained fine solid granular fuel from the bed. The inlet passage 24 allows the gas containing particulate material to enter the annular chamber 28.
It flows approximately tangentially to the annular chamber 28 and thus forms a vortex around it in the annular chamber 28.

The entrained solid particles thus impact the inner wall of the cylindrical compartment 8 by centrifugal force, are collected there and flow down by gravity into the hopper compartment 6. The relatively clean gas remaining in the chamber 28 cannot flow upwards due to the roof section 4 and therefore enters the inner cylinder 26 via its lower end.

After passing through the entire length of the inner cylinder 26, this gas is exhausted from its upper end and directed to external equipment for later use.

Water or steam from the steam drum 40 is passed through pipes 44° 44a,
44b into the lower ring header 12 and convectively upwards through the tubes 20 of the hopper compartment 6, the cylindrical compartment 8 and the roof compartment 4. The heated water or steam is transferred to the upper ring header 14 and pipes 42a, 42
b, 42 and returns to the steam drum 40. The water therefore maintains the separator 2 at a relatively low temperature.

The configuration of the invention provides several advantages. −
As an example, heat losses are reduced and the thermal insulation requirements of internal refractory materials are minimized. Moreover, the cyclone separator 2 according to the present invention
The volume, mass and cost of the cyclone separator are significantly lower than that of conventional cyclone separators; The need for expansion joints between compartments is also minimized. It also eliminates the requirement for additional roof circuits.

The present invention can be implemented with various modifications within its scope. - By way of example, the inner cylinder 26, like the cyclone separator 2, can be formed by a number of wooden tubes, which can be connected to a flow circuit comprising the steam drum 40.

Also, a forced circulation system may be used instead of the natural circulation system described above, in which case a pump 50 is provided for receiving fluid from the steam drum 40 and pumping it through the branch pipes 44a, 44b and the pipe 20. , could be arranged in the downcomer pipe 44.

Although the invention has been described above with respect to specific embodiments thereof,
Since the present invention can be implemented with various modifications other than the embodiments described above, the specific configurations described above are merely illustrative and do not limit the present invention.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a cyclone separator according to the invention, showing part of a number of tubes forming the external cylinder;
The figure is a sectional view taken along line 2-2 in FIG. 2. Cyclone separator, 4. Roof section, 6. Hopper section, 12.14. Ring header, 20. Pipe.

Claims (1)

[Claims] It has a number of tubes extending circumferentially parallel to each other, the upper ends of which are bent radially inward to form a roof section, and the lower ends of the tubes are conically shaped. a ring header bent to form a hopper compartment and further connected to at least one end of each of the tubes and a ring header for circulating water or steam through the tubes to cool the outer cylinder. or a cyclone separator having transfer means for transferring steam to the ring header.