JP7502749B2 - Surveying method using surveying targets and total stations - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a surveying target that is collimated when conducting a survey using two total stations, and a surveying method using the total stations.

As disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, a surveying prism is known that is used as a target in surveying using an optical distance meter or a total station that can measure distance and angle with a single instrument. This prism is attached to a surveying pole or pin pole at a desired height and collimated by the total station.

On the other hand, as described in Patent Document 3, in tunnels with sharp curves, the visibility distance inside the tunnel is short, and repeated realignment is required to sight the target from the total station.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-83488 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-306045 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-340186

However, if the number of reassembly operations is increased, the time required for surveying will increase, causing the construction period to be prolonged, so it is desirable to perform the reassembly as easily as possible. There is also a method of using a wedge prism as described in Patent Document 3, but the angle at which the laser light can be refracted by the wedge prism is fixed, and the range of use is limited.

The present invention aims to provide a surveying target that allows for efficient repositioning of survey results under various conditions, and a surveying method using a total station that uses the same.

To achieve the above-mentioned object, the surveying target of the present invention is a surveying target that is collimated when conducting a survey using two total stations, and is characterized by having a first reflector that faces the first total station, a second reflector that faces the second total station, and an axis that is attached so that the first reflector and the second reflector can rotate around the same axis.

Here, the first reflector and the second reflector can be prisms, and the position where the prism constant is 0 can be the axis of the shaft. It is also preferable that the first reflector and the second reflector are movable along the shaft. Furthermore, the configuration can include an annular ring portion that spans the shaft in the radial direction, and a fixing portion that supports the ring portion rotatably in the circumferential direction and fixes it to a structure.

Another surveying target invention is a surveying target that is collimated when conducting a survey using two total stations, and is characterized by having a sheet-like first reflector that is collimated by the first total station, a sheet-like second reflector that is collimated by the second total station, and a support part that supports the first reflector and the second reflector that are stacked with their back surfaces facing each other.

The invention of the surveying method using a total station is a surveying method using any of the above-mentioned surveying targets, characterized in that it includes the steps of arranging two or more surveying targets between two total stations installed at a distance, calculating the coordinates of the position where the first total station is installed by surveying two or more survey reference points with a first total station, performing a survey by collimating the first reflectors of the two or more surveying targets with the first total station, performing a survey by collimating the second reflectors of the two or more surveying targets with a second total station, and calculating the coordinates of the position where the second total station is installed and the coordinates of the position where the two or more surveying targets are installed.

The surveying target of the present invention configured in this manner is a surveying target that is collimated when conducting a survey using two total stations, and is equipped with a first reflector that faces the first total station, and a second reflector that faces the second total station. The first reflector and the second reflector are attached to the shaft portion so that they can rotate around the same axis.

As a result, even if two total stations are installed at any desired location, the surveying target placed between them can be sighted from each total station, allowing for highly accurate surveying. In addition, there is no need for workers, as was previously required to flip the prism sighted by the first total station and orient it directly at the second total station, making it possible to efficiently carry out surveying and rearrangements under a variety of conditions.

In addition, the invention of a surveying method using a total station allows for efficient surveying of the area ahead, even when surveying the area ahead of a tunnel with a sharp curve and poor visibility, by starting from two or more survey reference points with known coordinate values.

FIG. 2 is a front view illustrating the configuration of the survey target according to the present embodiment. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 1. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. 1. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the CC arrow direction in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram seen in the direction D in FIG. 2 . 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a method of assembling the main parts of the survey target. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a method of using a main part of a survey target. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a movable range of a survey target. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a method for surveying a target point using two survey reference points; FIG. 2 is a front view illustrating the configuration of the survey target of the first embodiment. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line EE of FIG. 10. 4A and 4B are diagrams showing the movable range of the survey target of the first embodiment, in which FIG. 4A is an explanatory diagram seen from the side, and FIG. 4B is an explanatory diagram seen from the front. 5A and 5B are diagrams for explaining errors in the survey target of the first embodiment, in which FIG. 5A is an explanatory diagram showing a case where the error becomes large, and FIG. 5B is an explanatory diagram showing a case where the error becomes small.

The following describes an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings. Figure 1 is a front view illustrating the configuration of a survey target 1 according to this embodiment. Figures 2 to 5 are cross-sectional views illustrating the details of the survey target 1.

The total station that sights the survey target 1 in this embodiment is a surveying instrument that can measure distance and angle. The total station can measure the distance to the target reflector, horizontal angle, and altitude angle by irradiating the target reflector with light (light waves) emitted from a visible light semiconductor laser light source.

The total station is equipped with a leveling unit for performing leveling, a mount that is rotatable relative to the leveling unit, and a telescope unit that is rotatably attached to the mount. An operation input unit with a display unit is attached to the mount, and the display unit shows the distance to the object to be measured, angle measurement values, etc.

The telescope unit is mounted on a mount so that it can rotate around a horizontal axis. In this telescope unit, the light emitted from the visible semiconductor laser light source is focused and adjusted by a focusing lens before being emitted, and the light reflected by a target reflecting object such as a prism is made to enter the objective lens. The reflected light focused by the objective lens is guided to a light receiving element and photoelectrically converted into an electrical signal. This electrical signal is then amplified, waveform converted, and processed by an electrical circuit and a microcomputer, and output as a distance measurement value.

In short, the total station that uses the survey target 1 of this embodiment to perform surveying is a known surveying instrument. The configuration of this total station can be used with any general-purpose surveying instrument.

Meanwhile, the survey target 1 of this embodiment is a target for aiming when conducting a survey using two total stations. A normal target has a reflector such as a prism only on one surface that is aimed by the total station, and when aiming from a total station installed in another location, an operator must rotate the reflective surface of the target installed at the measurement point (site to be surveyed) so that it faces directly toward the total station installed in the other location.

In contrast, the surveying target 1 of this embodiment is equipped with a first prism 2A that serves as a first reflector that faces the first total station, a second prism 2B that serves as a second reflector that faces the second total station, and an axis portion 3 that is attached so that the first prism 2A and the second prism 2B can rotate around the same axis.

As shown in Figure 1, the shaft portion 3 is suspended in the radial direction of the annular ring portion 4. As shown in Figures 2 to 5, the ring portion 4 is formed into a circular shape using a flat member. The shaft portion 3 is positioned so that it passes through the center of the circle of the ring portion 4, and both ends are fixed to the ring portion 4 by fasteners 31.

In detail, the fastener 31 is formed in an Ω shape as shown in FIG. 5, and the shaft portion 3 is sandwiched between the ring portion 4 and the fastener 31, and both ends of the fastener 31 are joined to the ring portion 4 with screws 311. The shaft portion 3 fixed to the ring portion 4 in this way can be rotated around the axis.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 1, a fixing part 5 is attached to the ring part 4. The fixing part 5 is a member for fixing the survey target 1 to a structure M such as a wall or a pillar. The fixing part 5 can be configured, for example, by providing a connecting part 51 at the end of a screw bolt that is screwed into the structure M.

The ring portion 4 is attached to the connecting portion 51 of the fixed portion 5 so that it can rotate in the circumferential direction. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the ring portion 4 and the fastening plate 511 are stacked in order on the plate-shaped main body of the connecting portion 51, and both ends of the fastening plate 511 are joined to the main body of the connecting portion 51 with screws 512. The ring portion 4 supported by the connecting portion 51 in this way can slide in the circumferential direction (the direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 4) between the main body of the connecting portion 51 and the fastening plate 511.

In this way, two prisms (2A, 2B) are attached to the shaft portion 3, which is hung on the ring portion 4 that is supported rotatably by the fixed portion 5, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.

The prism used for collimation in surveying with a total station is a glass reflector that reflects the light waves emitted from the telescope part of the total station. The prism incorporates a corner cube reflector that returns the incident light as parallel reflected light.

When a prism is used as a target for surveying with a total station, the position of the prism's Senkaku point 21 is surveyed (see Figures 6 and 7). The position of this Senkaku point 21 is the position where the prism constant is 0, and if there is a discrepancy between the tip position of the pinpole of the prism placed at the measurement point and the position of Senkaku point 21, the prism constant will be a number other than 0.

The pair of prisms (2A, 2B) attached to the shaft 3 in this embodiment are similar to the general-purpose prisms described above, and as shown in FIG. 6, a hole through which the shaft 3 passes is provided at the position of the prism point 21 where the prism constant is 0. In other words, the first prism 2A and the second prism 2B are attached to the shaft 3 so that they can rotate around the axis of the shaft 3.

Furthermore, above and below the first prism 2A and the second prism 2B attached to the shaft 3, fixing devices 22 are attached to limit the movement of the first prism 2A and the second prism 2B along the shaft 3. In short, the first prism 2A and the second prism 2B can move along the shaft 3, but the fixing devices 22 are used to hold them in the desired position on the shaft 3 as shown in FIG. 2. The fixing devices 22 can be nut-shaped fasteners or wedges.

The first prism 2A and the second prism 2B, which are thus rotatably attached around the axis of the shaft portion 3, can be oriented at any angle with their respective prism points 21 as the center, as shown in FIG. 7. That is, the first prism 2A faces directly toward the first total station, and the second prism 2B faces directly toward the second total station.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 8, the surveying target 1 of this embodiment allows the ring portion 4 to be rotated in the circumferential direction relative to the fixed portion 5. When the first prism 2A and the second prism 2B are positioned at the center of the shaft portion 3, the position does not change even if the ring portion 4 is rotated. However, if the first prism 2A (second prism 2B) is in an inclined state as shown in FIG. 7, the ring portion 4 can be rotated to correspond to the three-dimensional angle of the incident light wave.

Furthermore, when the first prism 2A and the second prism 2B are moved to a position other than the center of the shaft portion 3, the positions of the first prism 2A and the second prism 2B can be changed by rotating the ring portion 4.

Next, a surveying method using two total stations and the survey target 1 of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
In this example, a case will be described in which a traverse survey is carried out using two survey reference points BS1 and BS2 having known coordinate values.

The first total station TS1 is installed in a position where it can see the survey reference points BS1 and BS2. The second total station TS2 is installed in a distant position in the direction of the survey object (for example, ahead of a tunnel). Two survey targets 1,1 are then installed halfway between the two total stations TS1, TS2, at survey object points TG1, TG2 that can be sighted from either total station TS1, TS2.

The first prisms 2A, 2A of the survey targets 1, 1 installed at the survey points TG1, TG2, respectively, are both directly facing the first total station TS1. In addition, the second prisms 2B, 2B of the survey targets 1, 1 installed at the survey points TG1, TG2, respectively, are both directly facing the second total station TS2.

The two total stations TS1 and TS2 are connected to a surveying personal computer (PC unit) by wired or wireless communication means, and the PC unit can acquire the surveying results of the total stations TS1 and TS2 at any time.

First, a survey is carried out using the first total station TS1 and the survey reference points BS1 and BS2 by the resection method. The target installed at the survey reference points BS1 and BS2 can be a general-purpose prism with only one reflective surface.

In the resection method, the survey reference points BS1 and BS2, which have known coordinate values, are surveyed using a total station TS1, and the horizontal distance from the total station TS1 to the survey reference points BS1 and BS2, and the included angle between the survey reference points BS1 and BS2, with the installation position of the total station TS1 at the center, are measured. From these measured values, the coordinate values of the installation position of the total station TS1 can be calculated.

Furthermore, the total station TS1, whose installation position coordinate values have been obtained, collimates the first prisms 2A, 2A of the survey targets 1, 1 installed at the two survey points TG1, TG2, and performs a survey. The survey results are sent to the PC unit.

Meanwhile, the second total station TS2 also performs a survey using the resection method, using the two survey target points TG1 and TG2. The survey results are also sent to the PC unit, and the coordinate values of the installation position of the total station TS2 are calculated based on the coordinate values of the survey target points TG1 and TG2 stored in the PC unit.

Then, the second total station TS2, whose installation position coordinates are now known, will survey the further ahead survey points TG3 and TG4. This type of surveying is repeated until the desired measurement point ahead is reached.

Next, the operation of the survey target 1 of this embodiment and the surveying method using the target 1 with a total station will be described.
The surveying target 1 of this embodiment configured as described above is a surveying target 1 that is collimated when conducting a survey using two total stations TS1 and TS2, and is equipped with a first prism 2A that is opposed directly to the first total station TS1, and a second prism 2B that is opposed directly to the second total station TS2.

The first prism 2A and the second prism 2B are attached to the shaft portion 3 so that they can rotate around the same axis. Therefore, even if the two total stations TS1 and TS2 are installed in any position, the first prism 2A and the second prism 2B can be aligned so that they face each other in such a way that the light waves emitted from each of the total stations TS1 and TS2 are incident straight on, as shown in FIG. 7.

As a result, errors caused by not being able to face the total stations TS1 and TS2 directly can be prevented, allowing highly accurate surveying to be performed. In addition, the survey target 1 placed in the middle can be sighted simultaneously from each of the total stations TS1 and TS2 and surveyed.

In other words, unlike the conventional method, it is no longer necessary to have a worker flip the prism that is collimated by the first total station TS1 and then turned over to face the second total station TS2. In addition, it becomes possible to efficiently carry out surveying and rearrangement in various situations, such as tunnels with sharp curves and short visibility distances.

Furthermore, by attaching the first prism 2A and the second prism 2B to the shaft 3 at the position of Senkaku point 21 where the prism constant of each is 0, the survey results of both total stations TS1 and TS2 can be used without correcting the prism constant. Here, the first prism 2A and the second prism 2B can be newly manufactured or can be pre-made. If a pre-made product is used, it can be easily assembled by simply removing any unnecessary parts so that the position where the prism constant is 0 and the axis of the shaft 3 are aligned.

In addition, if the first prism 2A and the second prism 2B are movable along the axis 3, the first prism 2A and the second prism 2B can be easily positioned at a position where they can be sighted from the two total stations TS1 and TS2.

Furthermore, if the shaft portion 3 is suspended over a ring portion 4 that can rotate in the circumferential direction and fixed to the structure M, the position and orientation of the first prism 2A and the second prism 2B can be easily changed, so that it can be easily collimated from total stations TS1 and TS2 installed in various locations.

In addition, the surveying method using the total station of this embodiment can be carried out efficiently even when surveying the area ahead of a tunnel with a sharp curve and poor visibility, by starting from two or more survey reference points BS1 and BS2 with known coordinate values.

Below, a survey target 61 of Example 1, which is different from the survey target 1 described in the above embodiment, will be described with reference to Figures 10 to 13. Note that the same terms or the same reference numerals will be used to describe parts that are the same or equivalent to those described in the above embodiment.

The survey target 61 described in this embodiment 1 uses a sheet-like reflector. That is, the survey target 61 in this embodiment 1 includes a first reflecting sheet 62A that serves as a first reflector to be collimated by a first total station, a second reflecting sheet 62B that serves as a second reflector to be collimated by a second total station, and a frame 63 that serves as a support for supporting the first reflecting sheet 62A and the second reflecting sheet 62B that are stacked so that their back surfaces face each other.

The reflective sheets (62A, 62B) are thin-film sheets with prisms formed on their surface that can accurately refract light, and the back side is an adhesive surface. In addition, various aiming patterns can be printed on the surface of the reflective sheets (62A, 62B). With such reflective sheets (62A, 62B), accurate distances can be measured without facing the total station directly.

As shown in FIG. 11, the adhesive surfaces of the backs of the first reflective sheet 62A and the second reflective sheet 62B are directly attached to each other in the direct attachment portion 620. Then, in the peripheral portion 621 of the direct attachment portion 620, the first reflective sheet 62A and the second reflective sheet 62B are attached to both sides of the plate-shaped inner edge portion 63a of the frame 63, respectively.

As shown in Figures 10 and 11, the frame 63 is formed in a rectangular frame shape when viewed from the front, and the inner edge 63a protrudes like a brim toward the central opening. The frame 63 is rotatably attached to the U-shaped receiving material 641 via a pivot 631.

The support 642 with the receiving material 641 attached to its tip is connected to a fixed rod 65 via a ball joint 651. The fixed rod 65 is, for example, a threaded bolt, and can be screwed into the structure M to fix the survey target 61.

The survey target 61 configured in this manner can be moved to various positions as shown in Figure 12. Figure 12(a) is a diagram illustrating the movable range of the survey target 61 as seen from the side.

First, by moving the ball joint 651, it can be tilted, for example, at an angle of 25.0° in the forward and backward directions. In addition, the frame 63 can be rotated 360° around the pivot shaft 631. Furthermore, it can be rotated 360° together with the support material 641 around the support post 642.

On the other hand, FIG. 12(b) is a diagram illustrating the movable range of the survey target 61 when viewed from the front. When viewed from the front, it can be tilted, for example, at an angle of 25.0° to the left and right by moving the ball joint 651. It can also be rotated 360° with the support material 641 at the center of the support 642.

Now, referring to Figure 13, we will explain the error when using reflective sheets (62A, 62B). Here, we will explain an example in which reflective sheets (62A, 62B) with a thickness of 0.12 mm are used.

As shown in FIG. 13(a), when the first reflection sheet 62A and the second reflection sheet 62B are attached to both sides of the inner edge portion 63a formed from a steel plate having a thickness of 4.0 mm, the error due to the deviation between the collimation line of the first total station TS1 and the collimation line of the second total station TS2 is an error based on 4.24 mm. This can be said to be the error when measuring the peripheral portion 621, for example.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 13(b), in the direct attachment portion 620 where the first reflection sheet 62A and the second reflection sheet 62B are directly attached to each other, the error is a small value based on 0.24 mm. The mechanical error of a total station is usually about 0.5 mm to 2 mm, so this can be said to be within the acceptable range.

The survey target 61 of Example 1 configured in this manner has an extremely simple configuration, but by using it for surveying with two total stations TS1 and TS2 under various circumstances, it becomes possible to efficiently carry out surveying and rearrangement.
Other configurations and effects of the first embodiment are substantially the same as those of the above-described embodiment, and therefore description thereof will be omitted.

The above describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings, but the specific configuration is not limited to these embodiments and examples, and design changes that do not deviate from the gist of the present invention are included in the present invention.

For example, although not specifically described in the above embodiment and Example 1, the total station may be an automatic tracking total station that automatically tracks and measures the survey target 1, 61.

In addition, in the above embodiment, the position where the prism constant is 0 is aligned with the axis of the shaft portion 3, but this is not limited to the above. Even when using a prism with a prism constant other than 0, the present invention can be applied by aligning the position where the prism constants of the two prisms start with the position of the axis of the shaft portion 3.

1: Survey target 2A: First prism (first reflector)
2B: Second prism (second reflector)
3: Shaft part 4: Ring part 5: Fixed part 21: Senkaku point (prism constant 0)
61: Survey target 62A: First reflective sheet (first reflector)
62B: Second reflection sheet (second reflector)
63: Frame (support part)
TS1: First total station TS2: Second total station BS1: Survey reference point BS2: Survey reference point

Claims (4)

A surveying target for collimation when conducting a survey using two total stations,
a first reflector facing the first total station;
a second reflector facing the second total station;
A shaft portion to which the first reflector and the second reflector are attached so as to be rotatable about the same axis ;
An annular ring portion that spans the shaft portion in a radial direction;
A surveying target comprising : a fixing portion for supporting the ring portion so as to be rotatable in a circumferential direction and for fixing the ring portion to a structure . The surveying target according to claim 1, characterized in that the first reflector and the second reflector are prisms, and the position where the prism constant is 0 is the axis of the shaft portion. The surveying target according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first reflector and the second reflector are movable along the shaft portion. A surveying method using a total station that uses the survey target according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , comprising the steps of:
disposing two or more of the survey targets between two total stations spaced apart;
A step of calculating coordinates of a position where the first total station is installed by surveying two or more survey reference points using the first total station;
a step of performing a survey by collimating the first reflectors of the two or more survey targets by the first total station;
a step of performing a survey by collimating the second reflectors of the two or more survey targets using a second total station;
A surveying method using a total station, comprising a step of calculating the coordinates of a position where the second total station is installed and the coordinates of positions where the two or more survey targets are installed.