JP7555588B2 - Precast concrete structure-forming substrate and gutter construction member equipped with same, method of constructing structure using precast concrete structure-forming substrate and method of constructing gutter using gutter construction member - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a precast concrete substrate for forming a structure and a gutter construction member including the same, as well as a method for constructing a structure using a precast concrete substrate for forming a structure and a method for constructing a gutter using a gutter construction member.

Concrete structures are constructed by assembling formwork on-site. However, in recent years, to address the shortage of workers and the demand for shorter construction periods, there has been a demand to use prefabricated concrete products (such as precast concrete substrates) to reduce on-site work and man-hours, even if this means a slight increase in costs.
Under such circumstances, the applicant of the present application has proposed in Patent Document 1 (JP Patent Publication 2010-150902 A) a concrete retained formwork (a formwork that is left as part of the target structure) for placing a gutter or the like on the foundation ground. Such a retained formwork is equipped with a ladder-shaped frame configured to float the gutter, and the target structure can be integrally formed by placing the gutter on the frame and pouring ready mixed concrete from inside and outside the gutter. In addition, the formwork work for forming the foundation concrete is omitted, and the time spent waiting for the foundation concrete to harden is also omitted, thereby shortening the construction period.

Furthermore, Patent Document 2 (Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 54-007010) discloses a concrete base frame having a fitting recess for fitting the leg of a specified concrete block, and discloses a concrete waterway formed by filling concrete into a base frame into which such a concrete block is fitted.
Furthermore, the foundation block disclosed in Patent Document 3 (JP Patent Publication No. 6-316940) has a mounting portion formed on both side edges, a filling portion located in the middle of the mounting portion, and a through hole located in the filling portion; by filling the filling portion with ready-mixed concrete and placing a concrete construction product on the mounting portion, the construction product can be joined to the foundation block and the construction product can be securely fixed to the ground.

JP 2010-150902 A Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 54-007010 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 6-316940

Here, when the substrate for forming a structure is manufactured in advance in a factory, dimensional errors (manufacturing errors) inevitably occur. In addition, the substrate for forming a structure may be damaged when it is transported from the factory to the site. Therefore, when a concrete structure is formed using a substrate for forming a structure made of precast concrete, there is a risk that the desired structure may not be obtained.
Furthermore, in the foundation block disclosed in Patent Document 3, the placing portions are formed on both side edges, and the filling portion located in between is formed concavely, so that there is a possibility that the construction product (structural forming component) cannot be placed properly on the foundation block (it may fall into the side of the foundation block or into the filling portion).

The object of the present invention is to provide a structure-forming substrate made of precast concrete that is placed on the foundation ground and has structure-forming members placed on top of it, which allows for on-site correction of manufacturing errors and allows for the production of the desired structure, a structure-forming substrate and a gutter construction member that includes the same, as well as a method of constructing a structure using the structure-forming substrate made of precast concrete and a method of constructing a gutter using the gutter construction member.

The above objectives are achieved by the following:
(1) A precast concrete structure-forming base plate that is placed on the foundation ground and has structure-forming members placed on top of it,
The precast concrete structure forming substrate comprises a pair of side plate portions extending opposite to each other, a rectangular flat bottom plate portion connecting the lower portions of the pair of side plate portions, and a plurality of beam portions projecting upward from the bottom plate portion between the pair of side plate portions and extending in the opposing direction of the pair of side plate portions;
the upper surfaces of the plurality of beam portions are on substantially the same plane spaced apart above the upper surface of the bottom plate portion, and the structure forming member can be placed on the plurality of beam portions;
An upper surface of the side plate portion protrudes upward beyond upper surfaces of the beam portions,
Furthermore, the side plate portion is provided with a work notch extending downward from the upper surface of the side plate portion at the formation site of the beam portion and penetrating the side plate portion, and the work notch is a precast concrete structure forming substrate that allows a height-adjusting wedge member to be inserted between the structure forming member and the beam portion from the external side of the side plate portion.

(2) The precast concrete structure forming substrate described in (1) above, in which the work cutout portion is a recess whose width increases upward from the lower surface, and the lower surface of the work cutout portion is approximately flush with the upper surface of the beam portion.
(3) The precast concrete structure forming substrate as described in (1) or (2) above is provided with a plurality of wedge members each having a width smaller than the opening width of the side panel portion of the work notch and tapering toward the tip.
(4) The substrate for forming a structure made of precast concrete according to any one of (1) to (3) above, wherein the member for forming a structure is a member for forming a side gutter made of precast concrete.
(5) The substrate for forming a structure made of precast concrete according to any one of (1) to (3) above, wherein the member for forming a structure is a member for forming a retaining wall made of precast concrete.
The above object is also achieved by the following:
(6) A member for constructing a side gutter on a foundation ground,
The gutter construction member includes a precast concrete structure forming substrate according to the above (1) or (2),
a precast concrete gutter forming member comprising a pair of opposing side wall portions, an upper wall portion connecting upper ends of the pair of side wall portions, lower end openings formed at lower ends of the pair of side wall portions, and an opening provided in the upper wall portion, the lower ends of the pair of side wall portions being capable of being placed on the plurality of beam portions of the precast concrete structure forming base plate;
A gutter construction member comprising a plurality of wedge members each having a width smaller than the opening width on the side surface of the side plate portion of the working notch of the precast concrete structure forming base and each of which becomes thinner toward its tip.

The above object is also achieved by the following:
(7) A method for constructing a structure using a precast concrete structure forming substrate having the wedge member described in (3) above, comprising:
A step of preparing a substrate for forming a structure made of precast concrete, the substrate being provided with the wedge member described in (3) above;
A foundation ground treatment process of laying a mortar material on the foundation ground on which the structure formation substrate is to be placed;
a step of placing the substrate for structure formation on the foundation ground on which the mortar material is laid;
a structure forming member placing step of placing the structure forming member on the beam portion of the structure forming substrate;
a structure-forming member height adjustment step of inserting the wedge member between the bottom surface of the structure-forming member and the upper surface of the beam portion through the working notch to adjust the height of the structure-forming member;
A method for constructing a structure using a substrate for forming a structure made of precast concrete, comprising pouring fresh concrete onto the bottom plate portion of the substrate for forming the structure and carrying out a fresh concrete pouring process to connect the member for forming the structure and the substrate for forming the structure.
(8) A method for constructing a structure using the precast concrete structure-forming substrate described in (7) above, in which the wedge members are embedded in the poured fresh concrete in the fresh concrete pouring step.

The above object is also achieved by the following:
(9) A method for constructing a side gutter using the side gutter construction member for forming a side gutter on the foundation ground described in (6) above,
A step of preparing the gutter construction member described in (6) above;
A foundation ground treatment process of laying a mortar material on the foundation ground on which the structure formation substrate is to be placed;
a step of placing the substrate for structure formation on the foundation ground on which the mortar material is laid;
a side gutter forming member placing step of placing lower ends of the pair of side wall portions of the side gutter forming member on the beam portion of the structure forming substrate;
a side gutter forming member height adjustment process for inserting the wedge member between the bottom surface of the side wall portion and the upper surface of the beam portion of the side gutter forming member through the working notch to adjust the height of the side gutter forming member;
A method for constructing a gutter using a precast concrete structure-forming substrate, which includes pouring fresh concrete onto the bottom plate of the structure-forming substrate to connect the gutter-forming member and the structure-forming substrate, and forming the bottom portion of the gutter, and a fresh concrete pouring process.
(10) The method for constructing a gutter according to the above (9), wherein the ready-mixed concrete pouring step is carried out so as to form a gradient on the bottom surface of the gutter to be formed.
(11) The method for constructing a gutter according to (9) or (10) above, wherein in the fresh concrete pouring step, the wedge member is embedded in the poured fresh concrete.

The precast concrete structure-forming substrate of the present invention comprises a pair of side panels extending opposite each other and a plurality of beams extending in the opposing direction of the pair of side panels, on which structure-forming members can be placed, the upper surfaces of the side panels protruding above the upper surfaces of the beams, and the side panels further comprise a work cutout extending downward from the upper surface of the side panels at the portion where the beams are to be formed and penetrating the side panels, and the work cutout allows a wedge member for adjusting the height to be inserted between the structure-forming member and the beams from the outer side of the side panels. This makes it possible to correct manufacturing errors or unintentional damage in the structure-forming substrate and structure-forming members at the site, and obtain the desired structure.

The gutter construction member of the present invention comprises a structure-forming substrate made of a predetermined precast concrete, a precast concrete gutter-forming member whose lower ends of a pair of opposing side walls can be placed on a plurality of beams of the precast concrete structure-forming substrate, and further comprises a plurality of wedge members whose width is smaller than the opening width on the side of the side plate portion of the working notch of the precast concrete structure-forming substrate and whose thickness decreases toward the tip. This makes it possible to correct errors due to manufacturing errors or unintentional damage of the structure-forming substrate and gutter-forming member on-site, and obtain the desired gutter.

In addition, the method of constructing a structure using a precast concrete structure-forming substrate of the present invention includes a process of adjusting the height of the structure-forming member by inserting a wedge member between the bottom surface of the structure-forming member and the top surface of the beam through the working notch to adjust the height of the structure-forming member. This makes it possible to correct errors in the structure-forming substrate and the structure-forming member due to manufacturing errors or unintentional damage at the site, and obtain the desired structure.
In addition, the method of constructing a gutter using the gutter construction member of the present invention includes a step of adjusting the height of the gutter forming member by inserting a wedge member between the bottom surface of the side wall part and the top surface of the beam part of the gutter forming member through the working notch, thereby making it possible to correct errors due to manufacturing errors or unintentional damage of the structure forming substrate and the gutter forming member at the site, and to obtain the desired gutter.

FIG. 1 is a front view showing an embodiment of a substrate for forming a precast concrete structure according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an embodiment of a substrate for forming a precast concrete structure according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a right side view showing an embodiment of the substrate for forming a precast concrete structure according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram for illustrating the foundation ground treatment process and the structure formation substrate placement process in an embodiment of the method for constructing a structure (side gutter) using a structure formation substrate made of precast concrete according to the present invention. FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the step of placing members for forming a structure in an embodiment of the method for constructing a structure (side gutter) using a substrate for forming a structure made of precast concrete according to the present invention. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG. FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the step of adjusting the height of a member for forming a structure in an embodiment of the method for constructing a structure (side gutter) using a substrate for forming a structure made of precast concrete according to the present invention. FIG. 10 is a rear view of the portion shown in FIG. 9, and is an explanatory diagram for explaining the structure-forming member height adjustment step shown in FIG. FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram for illustrating the ready-mixed concrete pouring step in an embodiment of a method for constructing a structure (a gutter) using a substrate for forming a structure made of precast concrete according to the present invention. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line DD of FIG. FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the ready-mixed concrete pouring process shown in FIG. 11. FIG. 14 is a front view of a wedge member constituting the base plate for forming a precast concrete structure of the present invention. FIG. 15 is a plan view of a wedge member constituting the base plate for forming a precast concrete structure of the present invention. FIG. 16 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the substrate for forming a precast concrete structure according to the present invention. FIG. 17 is an enlarged explanatory cross-sectional view of the E--E cross section of FIG. 16 rotated 90 degrees to the right.

The precast concrete structure forming substrate of the present invention will be described with reference to the embodiment shown in the drawings.
The precast concrete structure forming substrate 1 of the present invention is placed on a foundation ground 7, and has a structure forming member 8 placed on top of it, and includes a pair of side plate portions 10, 20 extending opposite to each other, a rectangular flat bottom plate portion 40 connecting the lower portions of the pair of side plate portions 10, 20, and a plurality of beam portions 50 protruding upward from the bottom plate portion 40 between the pair of side plate portions 10, 20 and extending in the opposing direction of the pair of side plate portions 10, 20. Upper surfaces 51 of the plurality of beam portions 50 are on approximately the same plane spaced upward from the upper surface 41 of the bottom plate portion 40, and the structure forming member 8 can be placed on the plurality of beam portions 50. The side plate portions 10, 20 have upper surfaces 11, 21 that protrude upward above the upper surfaces 51 of the multiple beam portions 50, and further include a work notch 30 that extends downward from the upper surfaces 11, 21 of the side plate portions 10, 20 at the formation portion of the beam portion 50 and penetrates the side plate portions 10, 20, and the work notch 30 allows a height-adjusting wedge member 6 to be inserted between the structure forming member 8 and the beam portion 50 from the external side of the side plate portions 10, 20.

1 and 2, the structure-forming substrate 1 has an overall elongated rectangular shape in a plan view. The pair of side plate portions 10, 20 each extend in the longitudinal direction of the structure-forming substrate 1 and face each other in the lateral direction.
As shown in Fig. 4, the distance between the pair of side plate portions 10, 20 becomes wider toward the upper surfaces 11, 21. The inner wall between the pair of side plate portions 10, 20 is inclined toward the outer wall of the side plate portions 10, 20. In this embodiment, the outer wall between the pair of side plate portions 10, 20 is inclined toward the inner wall of the side plate portions 10, 20. The pair of side plate portions 10, 20 become gradually thinner toward the upper surfaces 11, 21.

As shown in Figures 2 and 4, the lower parts of the pair of side plate parts 10, 20 are connected to each other by a rectangular flat bottom plate part 40. In this embodiment, the bottom plate part 40 does not have a through hole that allows the passage of fresh concrete. In other words, in the part of the structure formation substrate 1 where the bottom plate part 40 is formed, fresh concrete does not flow between the upper side (the structure formation member 8 side) and the lower side (the foundation ground 7 side) of the structure formation substrate 1.

Between the pair of side plate portions 10, 20, multiple (seven in this case) beam portions 50 are formed, which protrude upward from the bottom plate portion 40 and extend in the opposing direction of the pair of side plate portions 10, 20 (the short side direction of the structure-forming substrate 1). In this embodiment, the width dimension (the dimension in the longitudinal direction of the structure-forming substrate 1) of the two beam portions 50 located at both ends of the longitudinal direction of the structure-forming substrate 1 is smaller than the width dimension of the other five beam portions 50.

As shown in FIG. 5, the upper surfaces 51 of the beams 50 are on approximately the same plane, spaced upward from the upper surface 41 of the bottom plate 40. In other words, the height dimension of all beams 50 [the distance between the upper surface 41 of the bottom plate 40 (or the lower surface of the structure-forming substrate 1) and the upper surface 51 of the beams 50] is approximately the same [H1 (H2) in FIG. 5].

A structure-forming member can be placed on the multiple beams 50 of the structure-forming substrate 1. Such a structure-forming member may be a precast concrete gutter-forming member (including a gutter-forming member described below). In addition, such a structure-forming member may be a precast concrete retaining wall-forming member.

As shown in Figures 4 and 5, in the substrate 1 for forming a structure, the upper surfaces 11, 21 of the side plate portions 10, 20 each protrude upward from the upper surfaces 51 of the beam portions 50. In other words, the height dimension of the side plate portions 10, 20 [the distance between the upper surface 41 of the bottom plate portion 40 (or the lower surface of the substrate 1 for forming a structure) and the upper surfaces 11, 21 of the side plate portions 10, 20] is greater than the height dimension of the beam portions 50 described above.

The side plate portions 10, 20 have work cutouts 30 that extend downward from the upper surfaces 11, 21 of the side plate portions 10, 20 at the positions where the beam portions 50 are formed and penetrate the side plate portions 10, 20 in the short direction of the structure-forming substrate 1. In the structure-forming substrate 1 of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, each of the side plate portions 10, 20 has work cutouts 30 formed at the positions where two beam portions 50 that are spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the structure-forming substrate 1 are formed, providing a total of four work cutouts 30.

As shown in FIG. 5, the work notch 30 is formed over a predetermined length (longitudinal dimension of the lower surface 31 of the work notch 30): L1 in the longitudinal direction of the structure-forming substrate 1, and as described below, a height-adjusting wedge member 6 can be inserted between the structure-forming member 8 and the beam 50 from the external side of the side plate portions 10, 20 through the work notch 30. Note that in the structure-forming substrate 1, the longitudinal dimension L1 of the work notch 30 (lower surface 31) is approximately the same as the longitudinal dimension of the beam 50 (upper surface 51).

1 and 5, the working cutout 30 is a recess whose width increases upward from the lower surface 31, and the lower surface 31 of the working cutout 30 is substantially flush with the upper surface 51 of the beam portion 50. In other words, as shown in Fig. 4, the lower surface 31 of the working cutout 30 and the upper surface 51 of the beam portion 50 are continuous surfaces that are substantially on the same plane.
Such a structure formation substrate 1 having the side plate portions 10, 20, the working cutout portion 30, the bottom plate portion 40, and the beam portion 50 can be integrally formed in a factory.

The precast concrete structure forming substrate 1 is provided with a plurality of wedge members 6 (see Figs. 9 and 10) whose width is smaller than the opening width (L1 described above) on the side of the side plate portions 10 and 20 of the work cutout portion 30 and whose thickness becomes thinner toward the tip. More specifically, as shown in Fig. 14, the wedge members 6 have a horizontally elongated, approximately right-angled triangular shape in front view, with one corner (the corner indicated by θ in Fig. 14) being approximately right angled and with the tip side (the left side in Fig. 14) having the smallest angle. The height dimension of the wedge members 6 (the vertical dimension in Fig. 14) is smaller than the vertical dimension of the work cutout portion 30 (the vertical dimension in Fig. 1). Also, as shown in Fig. 15, the wedge members 6 have an approximately rectangular shape in plan view.

In addition, the wedge member 6 in this embodiment is a plate-like member that is thick at the rear end and becomes thinner toward the front end. The wedge member may be a metal plate with a rear end bent to have an inclined flat portion and a bent portion bent downward at the rear end.
As the material for forming the wedge member 6, concrete material, synthetic resin, rubber, metal, etc. can be used. In particular, it is preferable that the wedge member 6 does not damage the precast concrete structure-forming substrate 1 and the structure-forming member 8 when inserted between the structure-forming substrate 1 and the structure-forming member. For this reason, synthetic resin and rubber are suitable as the material for forming the wedge member 6. As the synthetic resin and rubber, those having a certain degree of hardness are preferable, and hard or semi-hard synthetic resin and rubber are preferable. Specifically, as the hard or semi-hard synthetic resin and rubber, for example, synthetic resins such as polyolefin (e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer), polyester (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate), styrene-based resin (e.g., polystyrene, MS resin (methacrylate-styrene copolymer), polyvinyl chloride (hard vinyl chloride), polyamide (nylon 6, nylon 66) and the like are preferable, and synthetic rubbers such as butyl rubber and butadiene rubber are preferable.
It is preferable that the structure-forming substrate 1 is provided with the same number of wedge members 6 as the number of working cutout portions 30 formed therein (four in this example), or less than that.

In addition, the gutter construction member for constructing a gutter on a foundation ground of the present invention comprises a gutter forming member 8 made of precast concrete, the above-mentioned precast concrete structure forming base 1, and a plurality of the above-mentioned wedge members 6.
In the embodiment, a side gutter construction member 8 made of precast concrete is used as a structure forming member shown in Figs.
The gutter forming member 8 comprises a pair of opposing side wall portions 82, 83, an upper wall portion 84 (here, two beam-shaped connecting portions formed at both longitudinal ends) connecting the upper ends of the pair of side wall portions 82, 83, a lower end opening 86 formed at the lower ends of the pair of side wall portions 82, 83 (here, the gutter forming member 8 does not have a bottom portion (a portion connecting the lower portions of the pair of side wall portions 82, 83) at the lower part)], and an opening 85 provided in the upper wall portion 84, and the lower ends of the pair of side wall portions 82, 83 can be placed on multiple beam portions 50 of the structure forming substrate 1 made of precast concrete. As shown in Figure 7, the distance [width dimension (left-right dimension in Figure 7)] between the outer surfaces of a pair of opposing side wall portions 82, 83 of the side gutter forming member 8 is slightly smaller than the distance [width dimension (left-right dimension in Figure 7)] between the inner surfaces of a pair of side plate portions 10, 20 of the structure forming substrate 1.

Next, a method for constructing a structure using the structure-forming substrate 1 of the present invention will be explained using an example shown in the drawings.

The method for constructing a structure of the present invention includes the steps of preparing a precast concrete structure-forming substrate 1 and wedge member 6, a foundation ground preparation step of laying mortar material 71 on foundation ground 7 on which the structure-forming substrate 1 will be placed, a structure-forming substrate placement step of placing the structure-forming substrate 1 on the foundation ground 7 on which the mortar material 71 has been laid, a structure-forming member placement step of placing a structure-forming member 8 on the beam section 50 of the structure-forming substrate 1, a structure-forming member height adjustment step of inserting the wedge member 6 between the bottom surface 81 of the structure-forming member 8 and the top surface 51 of the beam section 50 through the work notch 30 to adjust the height of the structure-forming member 8, and a ready-mixed concrete pouring step of pouring ready-mixed concrete 9 on the bottom plate section 40 of the structure-forming substrate 1 to connect the structure-forming member 8 and the structure-forming substrate 1.

In this embodiment, a precast concrete gutter forming member 8 as shown in Figures 7 and 8 is used as a structure forming member 8, and a method of constructing a gutter using such a gutter forming member 8 and a gutter construction member comprising the above-mentioned structure forming substrate 1 and wedge member 6 is described.
Here, the gutter construction member is a gutter construction member for constructing a gutter on a foundation ground, and comprises a structure formation base 1 made of precast concrete, a pair of opposing side wall portions 82, 83, an upper wall portion 84 (here, two beam-shaped connecting portions formed at both ends in the longitudinal direction) connecting the upper ends of the pair of side wall portions 82, 83, and a lower end opening 86 formed at the lower end of the pair of side wall portions 82, 83 [here, the gutter construction member 8 has a bottom surface portion at the lower portion (the lower portions of the pair of side wall portions 82, 83 The precast concrete gutter forming member 8 has a pair of side wall portions 82, 83 at the lower ends of which can be placed on the plurality of beam portions 50 of the precast concrete structure forming base 1, and a plurality of wedge members 6 which are narrower than the opening width on the side surfaces of the side plate portions 10, 20 of the working cutout portion 30 of the precast concrete structure forming base 1 and which become thinner towards the tip.

That is, the construction method of the gutter of the present invention includes a step of preparing the above-mentioned gutter construction members (a precast concrete structure-forming substrate 1, a gutter-forming member 8, and a wedge member 6), a foundation ground preparation step of laying a mortar material 71 on the foundation ground 7 on which the structure-forming substrate 1 will be placed, a structure-forming substrate placement step of placing the structure-forming substrate 1 on the foundation ground 7 on which the mortar material 71 has been laid, and a pair of side wall portions 8 of the gutter-forming member 8 on the beam portion 50 of the structure-forming substrate 1. 2, 83, a side gutter forming member placement process, a side gutter forming member height adjustment ...

First, in the process of preparing the gutter construction members, the above-mentioned precast concrete structure formation base plate 1, gutter formation members 8, and wedge members 6 are prepared.
The structure-forming substrate 1 prepared here is made of precast concrete, that is, it is manufactured in advance at a factory (a place different from the site) prior to the construction of the gutter (structure) at the site. The wedge member 6 is also manufactured in advance together with the structure-forming substrate 1 (or as a part of the structure-forming substrate 1). The structure-forming substrate 1, the gutter-forming member 8, and the wedge member 6 are transported from the place where they were manufactured to the site and prepared.

Then, a foundation ground treatment step is carried out in which mortar material 71 is laid on the foundation ground 7 on which the structure formation substrate 1 is to be placed.
In this step, a mortar material 71 is laid on the foundation ground 7 on which the structure formation substrate 1 is placed. Here, it is preferable to use, as the mortar material 71, a so-called empty mortar (also called dry mortar or empty mix mortar), which is a mixture of cement and sand without water (or with only a small amount of water). As a part of this foundation ground treatment step, prior to laying the mortar material 71, a base treatment of the foundation ground 7 [crushed stone (crushing stones on or in the foundation ground) or rolling compaction, etc.] may be performed. Such a foundation ground treatment step using the mortar material 71 can be performed more easily than the pouring of foundation concrete, which was conventionally performed before placing the structure formation substrate 1 or the structure formation member (side gutter formation member 8) on the foundation ground 7.

Next, a substrate mounting step is performed in which the substrate 1 is mounted on the foundation ground 7 on which the mortar material 71 has been laid.
In this step, as shown in FIG. 6, the structure formation substrate 1 is placed on the foundation ground 7 on which a mortar material 71 has been laid.

Next, a process of placing a side gutter (structure) forming member is performed in which a side gutter forming member 8 (structure forming member) made of precast concrete is placed.
In this step, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8, the lower ends of the side wall portions 82 and 83 of the side gutter forming member 8 are placed on the beam portion 50 of the structure forming substrate 1. Here, two side gutter forming members 8 are placed on one structure forming substrate 1 in a longitudinal direction. Each side gutter forming member 8 is placed on a plurality of beam portions 50 and is stabilized in the longitudinal direction. Also, as shown in Fig. 7, the width direction dimension (left-right direction dimension in Fig. 7) of the lower portion of the side gutter forming member 8 [the portion placed on the structure forming substrate 1 (beam portion 50)] is smaller than the opposing direction dimension of the pair of side plate portions 10 and 20 of the structure forming substrate 1. As a result, the side gutter forming member 8 is stably placed between the pair of side plate portions 10 and 20 on the structure forming substrate 1 without riding on the side plate portions 10 and 20.

Next, a step of adjusting the height of the gutter (structure) forming member is carried out.
In this process, the wedge member 6 is inserted through the working notch 30 between the bottom surface (lower end surface) 81 of the side wall portions 82, 83 (structure forming member) of the side gutter forming member 8 and the upper surface 51 of the beam portion 50, and the height of the side gutter forming member 8 is adjusted. Specifically, as shown in Figures 9 and 10, the wedge member 6 is inserted from the outer lateral side of the side plate portion 10, starting from the tip portion (thin portion), between the side gutter forming member 8 (bottom surface 81) and the beam portion 50 (upper surface 51). The wedge member 6 gradually becomes thicker toward the base end, and the height of the side gutter forming member 8 can be adjusted by adjusting the insertion amount of the wedge member 6. In other words, by inserting the wedge member 6 between the gutter forming member 8 (bottom surface 81) and the beam portion 50 (top surface 51) and adjusting the amount of insertion, it is possible to correct misalignment and rattling due to manufacturing errors and damage of the structure forming substrate 1 and the gutter forming member 8 (structure forming member), as well as errors and damage that occur during the construction of the above-mentioned foundation ground treatment process, structure formation substrate placement process, and gutter (structure) formation member placement process, and to obtain the desired gutter (structure).
In this embodiment, work notches 30 are provided at locations (four locations) corresponding to each side wall portion 82, 83 of each side gutter forming member 8, allowing appropriate height adjustment in the longitudinal and lateral directions.

In this embodiment, as shown in Fig. 9, the approximately right angle corner of the wedge member 6 (the angle indicated by θ in Fig. 14) is positioned on the lower surface 31 of the working cutout portion 30, which is approximately flush with the upper surface 51 of the beam portion 50. This makes the outer surface of the wedge member 6 (the surface at the right end in Fig. 9) approximately vertical, facilitating the operation of inserting the wedge member 6 from the outer side of the side plate portion 10, from its tip portion (thin portion), between the side gutter forming member 8 (bottom surface 81) and the beam portion 50 (upper surface 51).

As shown in Figures 9 and 13, the wedge member 6 is preferably inserted so as not to protrude outward from the side wall portions 11, 21 (side wall portion 11 in Figure 9). In other words, it is preferable that the wedge member 6 does not protrude upward from the side wall portions 11, 21 after the gutter (structure) forming member height adjustment process. It is also preferable that the wedge member 6 has a length such that the rear end portion does not protrude outward from the side wall portions 11, 21 after the gutter (structure) forming member height adjustment process.

Next, the ready-mix concrete pouring process is carried out.
In this step, the ready-mixed concrete 9 is poured on the bottom plate 40 of the structure forming substrate 1 to connect the side gutter forming member 8 (structure forming member) and the structure forming substrate 1, and to form the bottom surface of the side gutter. As shown in Figs. 11 and 12, the ready-mixed concrete 9 is preferably poured in an amount that does not exceed the height of the side plate portions 10, 20 of the structure forming substrate 1. In other words, since the upper surfaces 11, 21 of the side plate portions 10, 20 of the structure forming substrate 1 protrude upward from the upper surfaces of the multiple beam portions 50, the ready-mixed concrete 9 poured on the bottom plate portion 40 is prevented from flowing out to the lateral outside of the structure forming substrate 1. Also, as shown in Fig. 12, a part of the poured ready-mixed concrete 9 penetrates between the side gutter forming member 8 (the outer surface of the side wall portions 82, 83) and the side plate portions 10, 20 (the inner surface of the side wall portions 82, 83) and hardens. As a result, the lower portion of the side gutter forming member 8 (structure forming member) is firmly fixed onto the structure forming substrate 1 .

In this construction method for gutters, after placing the gutter forming members 8 on site, the process of pouring the ready mixed concrete 9 (forming the bottom of the gutter) can be performed to freely set the gradient (water flow) of the waterway (bottom of the gutter) regardless of the gradient of the road. In other words, the ready mixed concrete pouring process can be performed so that a gradient is formed on the bottom of the gutter that is formed (the gradient of the waterway is so small that it cannot be recognized in the drawing, so the gradient is omitted in FIG. 11). The formation of the bottom of the gutter can be performed by pouring ready mixed concrete to connect the gutter forming members (structure forming members) and the structure forming substrate, forming a part of the bottom of the gutter (foundation concrete part), and then forming (casting) an adjustment concrete part on the foundation concrete part to adjust the gradient of the bottom of the gutter.

As described above, the bottom plate portion 40 of the substrate 1 for forming a structure does not have any through holes that would allow the ready-mixed concrete 9 poured on the bottom plate portion 40 to reach the foundation ground 7. Therefore, the foundation ground 7 and the member for forming a structure 1 are not connected by the ready-mixed concrete 9. Note that the bottom plate portion 40 is not completely free of through holes, and relatively small through holes for draining water during storage and transportation may be formed.

As shown in FIG. 13, it is preferable that the wedge member 6 is embedded in the poured fresh concrete 9 by pouring the fresh concrete 9 (in the fresh concrete pouring process). In the construction method of this embodiment, the fresh concrete 9 flows into the work notch 30, and the side and top of the wedge member 6 are covered with the fresh concrete 9. After the fresh concrete 9 is poured and hardened, soil is poured into the sides of the structure formation substrate 1 and the gutter formation member 8, and the gutter (structure) is formed.

The lower surface 31 of the working cutout 30 does not have to be approximately flush with the upper surface 51 of the beam 50. Considering the insertability of the wedge member 6, it is preferable that the lower surface 31 of the working cutout 30 is approximately flush with the upper surface 51 of the beam 50 or is lower than the upper surface 51 of the beam 50. In addition, the longitudinal dimension (L1) of the working cutout 30 (lower surface 31) does not have to be approximately the same as the longitudinal dimension of the beam 50 (upper surface 51).

The number of work notches 30 is not limited to the number in the above-mentioned embodiment. For example, work notches 30 may be formed in all of the beam section 50 formation locations (14 locations in the above-mentioned structure formation substrate 1). Also, the work notches 30 may be formed in different numbers on each of the side plate sections 10 and 20, or may be formed on only one of the side plate sections 10 and 20.

Reinforcing steel bars may be embedded inside the structure-forming substrate. For example, as shown in FIG. 16 and FIG. 17, in order to improve the strength of the side plate portions 10, 20 in which the work notch portion 30 is formed, reinforcing bars 15, 25 extending in the longitudinal direction of the structure-forming substrate 1a may be embedded in the side plate portions 10, 20. In addition, in order to improve the strength of the beam portion 50 on which the structure-forming member 8 is placed, reinforcing bars 55 extending in the lateral direction of the structure-forming substrate 1a may be embedded in the beam portion 50 (or in the beam portion 50 forming portion of the bottom plate portion 40). In addition, the structure-forming substrate 1a with the reinforcing bars 15, 25, and 55 embedded therein can be manufactured by preparing a reinforcing bar assembly in which the reinforcing bars 15, 25, and 55 are joined in advance, pouring concrete material into the area of the structure-forming substrate 1a where the reinforcing bars 15, 25, and 55 are arranged (the area below the reinforcing bars 15, 25, and 55 in FIG. 17), placing the reinforcing bars 15, 25, and 55 (reinforcing bar assembly), and then pouring the concrete material that will form the remaining part of the structure-forming substrate 1a.

1, 1a Structure forming substrates 10, 20 Side plates 11, 21 Top surface 30 Working notch 31 Bottom surface 40 Bottom plate 41 Top surface 50 Beam 51 Top surface 6 Wedge member 7 Foundation ground 71 Mortar material 8 Structure forming member ( Side gutter forming member)
81 Bottom surface 82, 83 Side wall portion 84 Upper wall portion 85 Opening 86 Lower end opening 9 Ready-mixed concrete

Claims (11)

A precast concrete structure forming substrate is placed on the foundation ground and has a structure forming member placed on top of it,
The precast concrete structure forming substrate comprises a pair of side plate portions extending opposite to each other, a rectangular flat bottom plate portion connecting the lower portions of the pair of side plate portions, and a plurality of beam portions projecting upward from the bottom plate portion between the pair of side plate portions and extending in the opposing direction of the pair of side plate portions;
the upper surfaces of the plurality of beam portions are on substantially the same plane spaced apart above the upper surface of the bottom plate portion, and the structure forming member can be placed on the plurality of beam portions;
An upper surface of the side plate portion protrudes upward beyond upper surfaces of the beam portions,
Furthermore, the side plate portion is provided with a work notch extending downward from the upper surface of the side plate portion at the formation portion of the beam portion and penetrating the side plate portion, and the work notch enables a height-adjusting wedge member to be inserted between the structure forming member and the beam portion from the external side of the side plate portion. The precast concrete structure forming substrate according to claim 1, wherein the work cutout is a recess whose width increases from the bottom surface toward the top, and the bottom surface of the work cutout is substantially flush with the top surface of the beam. The precast concrete structure forming substrate according to claim 1 or 2, which is provided with a plurality of wedge members whose width is smaller than the opening width of the side of the side plate portion of the work notch portion and whose thickness becomes thinner toward the tip. The precast concrete structure forming substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the structure forming member is a precast concrete gutter forming member. The precast concrete structure-forming substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the structure-forming member is a precast concrete retaining wall-forming member. A gutter construction member for constructing a gutter on a foundation ground,
The gutter construction member comprises a precast concrete structure forming substrate according to claim 1 or 2,
a precast concrete gutter forming member comprising a pair of opposing side wall portions, an upper wall portion connecting upper ends of the pair of side wall portions, lower end openings formed at lower ends of the pair of side wall portions, and an opening provided in the upper wall portion, the lower ends of the pair of side wall portions being capable of being placed on the plurality of beam portions of the precast concrete structure forming base plate;
A gutter construction member characterized in that it comprises a plurality of wedge members each having a width smaller than the opening width on the side surface of the side plate portion of the working notch of the precast concrete structure forming base and each of which becomes thinner toward its tip. A method for constructing a structure using a precast concrete structure forming substrate having the wedge member according to claim 3, comprising:
A step of preparing a substrate for forming a precast concrete structure, the substrate comprising the wedge member according to claim 3;
A foundation ground treatment process of laying a mortar material on the foundation ground on which the structure formation substrate is to be placed;
a step of placing the substrate for structure formation on the foundation ground on which the mortar material is laid;
a structure forming member placing step of placing the structure forming member on the beam portion of the structure forming substrate;
a structure-forming member height adjustment process for adjusting a height of the structure-forming member by inserting the wedge member between the bottom surface of the structure-forming member and the upper surface of the beam portion through the working notch;
A method for constructing a structure using a substrate for forming a structure made of precast concrete, characterized in that a ready-mixed concrete pouring process is carried out to pour ready-mixed concrete onto the bottom plate portion of the substrate for forming the structure, thereby connecting the structure-forming member and the substrate for forming the structure. The method for constructing a structure using a precast concrete structure-forming substrate according to claim 7, in which the wedge member is embedded in the poured fresh concrete during the fresh concrete pouring process. A method for constructing a side gutter using the side gutter construction member for forming a side gutter on a foundation ground according to claim 6,
A step of preparing a gutter construction member according to claim 6;
A foundation ground treatment process of laying a mortar material on the foundation ground on which the structure formation substrate is to be placed;
a step of placing the substrate for structure formation on the foundation ground on which the mortar material is laid;
a side gutter forming member placing step of placing lower ends of the pair of side wall portions of the side gutter forming member on the beam portion of the structure forming substrate;
a side gutter forming member height adjustment process for inserting the wedge member between the bottom surface of the side wall portion and the upper surface of the beam portion of the side gutter forming member through the working notch to adjust the height of the side gutter forming member;
A method for constructing a gutter using a precast concrete structure forming substrate, comprising pouring fresh concrete onto the bottom plate portion of the structure forming substrate to connect the gutter forming member and the structure forming substrate and to form the bottom portion of the gutter, and a fresh concrete pouring process to form the bottom portion of the gutter. The gutter construction method according to claim 9, wherein the ready-mix concrete pouring step is performed so that a slope is formed on the bottom surface of the gutter to be formed. The gutter construction method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the wedge member is embedded in the poured fresh concrete during the fresh concrete pouring process.

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