JP7552125B2 - 成形用組成物及び三次元造形物の製造方法 - Google Patents
成形用組成物及び三次元造形物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7552125B2 JP7552125B2 JP2020130205A JP2020130205A JP7552125B2 JP 7552125 B2 JP7552125 B2 JP 7552125B2 JP 2020130205 A JP2020130205 A JP 2020130205A JP 2020130205 A JP2020130205 A JP 2020130205A JP 7552125 B2 JP7552125 B2 JP 7552125B2
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/103—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing an organic binding agent comprising a mixture of, or obtained by reaction of, two or more components other than a solvent or a lubricating agent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
- B22F10/18—Formation of a green body by mixing binder with metal in filament form, e.g. fused filament fabrication [FFF]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
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- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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- C04B35/5611—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on refractory metal carbides based on titanium carbides
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- C04B35/5622—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on refractory metal carbides based on zirconium or hafnium carbides
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Description
粉末と、ワックスと、接着成分と、成形成分と、可塑剤と、を含み、
190℃における前記接着成分のメルトフローレートが200g/10min以上であり、前記可塑剤の密度が、1.0g/cm3以下である。
上記態様の成形用組成物を吐出する層形成工程を有し、前記層形成工程を複数回行う。
本実施形態に係る成形用組成物は、粉末と、ワックスと、接着成分と、成形成分と、可塑剤と、を含む。そして、190℃における接着成分のメルトフローレートが200g/10min以上であり、前記可塑剤の密度が、1.0g/cm3以下である。以下各成分について説明する。なお、本明細書では、成形用組成物に含まれる粉末以外の成分をまとめて「バインダー」と称することがある。
本実施形態の成形用組成物は、粉末を含有する。粉末は、成形用組成物を脱脂、焼成し
た後の造形物に、その一部又は全部が残る成分である。すなわち、本実施形態の成形用組成物で用いる粉末としては、バインダーが脱脂、焼結で失われても残存できるものであればよく、例えば、無機粉末、有機粉末が挙げられる。
成形用組成物は、ワックスを含有する。ワックスは、成形用組成物を三次元造形装置等から押し出す或いは射出する際の流動性を向上させる機能を有する。ワックスは、バインダーを構成し、成形用組成物を脱脂、焼結した場合には、消失する成分である。
くは26質量%以上33質量%以下、より好ましくは27質量%以上30質量%以下、さらに好ましくは27質量%以上29質量%以下である。ワックスの配合量がこの範囲であれば、成形用組成物は優れた流動性を有する。
成形用組成物は、接着成分を含有する。接着成分は、バインダーを構成する。接着成分は、成形用組成物中で、粉末の粒子間を接着する機能を有する。また、接着成分は脱脂された後の成形用組成物に少量残存する。これにより、粉末の粒子間を接着し、焼結前の脱脂された状態の造形物の形状を維持する機能を有する。接着成分は、他のバインダーと同様に成形用組成物が焼結されることにより消失する成分である。
成形用組成物は、成形成分を含有する。成形成分は、バインダーを構成する。成形成分は、脱脂された後の成形用組成物に少量残存する。これにより、粉末の粒子間で両者を固定し、焼結前の脱脂された状態の造形物の形状を維持する機能を有する。成形成分は、他のバインダーと同様に成形用組成物が焼結されることにより消失する成分である。
子量は、4000以下であることが好ましい。成形成分の高分子化合物の分子量が4000以下であれば、成形用組成物の流動性をさらに良好にすることができる。これにより、さらに迅速かつ安定して形状精度の良好な造形物を形成することができる。また、重量平均分子量が、この範囲であれば、軟化点も低下させることができるので、この点からも成形用組成物の流動性をさらに高めることができる。
本実施形態の成形用組成物は、可塑剤を含有してもよい。可塑剤は、バインダー成分の混合及び成形用組成物の混合を促進させる機能を有し、これにより、成形用組成物を均一な混合物とすることができる。
成形用組成物の粘度を低下させることを考える場合、成形用組成物におけるバインダーの割合を増加させることにより粘度は低下すると考えられる。しかし、このように単にバインダーの量を増すだけでは、バインダーが焼結により失われるので、造形物の熱収縮が生じやすくなり、造形物の反りや、割れ、歪みが発生しやすくなる。
ダーの配合量が35.2体積%程度より低い場合、脱脂、焼結の際に失われる成分が少ない。これにより密度の高い造形物を得ることができる。
射出成形機においては、一般には、特許5970895号、特許5970794号、特許5857688号などに記載のように、射出圧力として、5~500MPaが必要である。しかし、本実施形態の成形用組成物を用いる場合には、射出圧力は、シェアレート0.1s-1において5MPa以下とすることができる。これにより、粉末の充填率を向上させつつ、射出量の低下も抑制することができる。
以下、実施例及び比較例を挙げて本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明は、その趣旨を逸脱しない限り種々の変更は可能であり、下記の実施例によって何ら限定されるものではない。なお成分量に関して%、部と記載しているものは特に断らない限り質量基準である。
各例の成形用組成物は、以下のように調製した。
加圧式ニーダー混錬機(株式会社トーシン製TD0.3-3M)を用いて、温度:110℃、回転数:30rpm、加圧力:0MPaにて混錬した後((1)金属粉末約900gを投入し5分混錬、(2)ワックス、接着成分、成形成分を投入した後、金属粉末の残りを投入し3分混錬、(3)可塑剤を投入し2分混錬)温度:110℃、回転数:30rpm、加圧力:0.5MPaにて混錬した。各例の成分組成を表1に示した。
・PW130:Paraffin Wax 130(日本精蝋株式会社製、融点56℃)
・PW115:Paraffin Wax 115(日本精蝋株式会社製、融点48℃)・CG-5001:ボンドファースト(登録商標)CG-5001(住友化学株式会社製、MFR=380g/10min)
・LOTADER 8210:LOTADER(登録商標)8210(ARKEMACorporation、MFR=200g/10min)
・BF-7M:ボンドファースト(登録商標)BF-7M(住友化学株式会社製、MFR=7g/10min)
・ST-95:ハイマー(登録商標)ST-95(三洋化成工業株式会社製、ポリスチレン、重量平均分子量=4000)
・DIDP:フタル酸ジイソデシル(関東化学株式会社製(密度0.970、沸点420℃))
・DBP:フタル酸ジブチル(関東化学株式会社製(密度1.048))
・金属粉末:(SUS630、PF-5K D50~4μm)エプソンアトミックス株式会社製
2.2.1.粘度
各例の成形用組成物について、レオメーター(株式会社UBC製、Rheosol G3000NT-HR)を用いて粘度を測定した。直径18mmのコーンプレートを用いて、100℃にて、シアレート100s-1付近まで測定し、シアレート0.1s-1のときの粘度を読み取って、実施例1の粘度で規格化した値を表1に記載した。
各例の成形用組成物を三次元造形装置に導入し、125℃、2MPaの条件で30秒射出した。射出された組成物の重量を測定して、各例の射出量を算出した。そして実施例1の射出量に対して射出量が80%以上の射出量を「A」と判定し、80%未満の射出量を「B」と判定した。
三次元造形装置を用いて、短軸幅5mm×長軸幅65mm×厚み2mmの造形物を、各例の成形用組成物を用いて造形した。その後、各試験片を水平な台の上に載置し、カメラを用いて短軸に沿う方向から撮像した。撮像した画像から、長軸幅の端部と台との厚み方向の距離Δxを両端部で測定した。その後、下記式(1)に基づいて反りの角度θを算出した。
tanθ = 2×Δx/65 ・・・(1)
粉末と、ワックスと、接着成分と、成形成分と、可塑剤と、を含み、190℃における接着成分のメルトフローレートが200g/10min以上であり、可塑剤の密度が、1.0g/cm3以下である、実施例の成形用組成物は、他の比較例の組成物よりも粘度が顕著に低く、射出量も非常に良好であった。
結果が同一の構成、あるいは目的及び効果が同一の構成を含む。また、本発明は、実施の形態で説明した構成の本質的でない部分を置き換えた構成を含む。また、本発明は、実施の形態で説明した構成と同一の作用効果を奏する構成又は同一の目的を達成することができる構成を含む。また、本発明は、実施の形態で説明した構成に公知技術を付加した構成を含む。
粉末と、ワックスと、接着成分と、成形成分と、可塑剤と、を含み、
190℃における前記接着成分のメルトフローレートが200g/10min以上であり、前記可塑剤の密度が、1.0g/cm3以下である。
前記粉末の体積基準の充填率が、64.8%以上であってもよい。
前記成形成分は、高分子化合物を含み、
前記高分子化合物の重量平均分子量は、4000以下であってもよい。
前記粉末は、金属粉末であってもよい。
Claims (5)
- 粉末と、ワックスと、接着成分と、前記接着成分以外の成形成分と、可塑剤と、を含み、
前記接着成分は、エチレン系、アクリル系及びビニル系モノマーから選ばれる二種以上のモノマーの共重合体であり、
190℃における前記接着成分のメルトフローレートが200g/10min以上であり、
前記可塑剤の密度が、0.97g/cm3以下である、成形用組成物。 - 請求項1において、
前記粉末の体積基準の充填率が、64.8%以上である、成形用組成物。 - 請求項1又は請求項2のいずれか一項において、
前記成形成分は、高分子化合物を含み、
前記高分子化合物の重量平均分子量は、4000以下である、成形用組成物。 - 請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか一項において、
前記粉末は、金属粉末である、成形用組成物。 - 請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載の成形用組成物を吐出する層形成工程を有し、前記層形成工程を複数回行う三次元造形物の製造方法。
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