JP7405640B2 - Wooden building materials and structures - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a wooden building material, and more particularly to a wooden building material that is integrated by joining a plurality of laminated timbers together, and a wooden structure that includes the same.

Conventionally, laminated wood, which is made of a single piece of wood, a drawn board (lamina) cut long in the direction of the wood fibers, or small square lumber that is glued together with the fiber directions parallel to each other, has been used for pillars and beams in architecture. It is also used as a frame material for wooden bridges and large domes.

In particular, laminated timber is made by gluing together sawn boards and small square timbers, so it has a high degree of freedom in size and shape, and there is little variation in product strength, dry cracks, and irregularities, and it is easy to manufacture bent timbers. It has excellent properties such as being able to.

Large buildings and structures require the use of very long beams and framing members. The length of laminated timber commonly used in single-family homes is about 4,000 to 6,000 mm, but the larger the building or structure becomes, the longer the beams and frame materials need to be. If the length is 6,000 mm or longer, 18,000 mm or more is required.

Currently, beams and framework materials are used that are made longer by joining and integrating multiple pieces of laminated wood with a length of 6,000 mm or less in the longitudinal direction. This lengthening can be achieved by a construction method using iron plates, bolts, and pins, a glue-in rod construction method using adhesive, or a construction method that combines these methods (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publications No. 9-177172 and 2005-002751). is applied.

However, these construction methods are extremely complicated, and it is difficult to obtain physical properties equivalent to or better than ordinary laminated wood at the joints, so the poor physical properties of the joints limit the degree of freedom in building design. It is often a factor that lowers

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 9-177172 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2005-002751

An object of the present invention is to provide a wooden building material in which a plurality of laminated timbers are joined, which can be easily constructed and has excellent rigidity and strength.

In other words, the present invention is a wooden building material made by joining at least two pieces of laminated wood, each piece of laminated wood containing a tubular body, and the tubular body enclosed in each piece of laminated wood containing a tubular body enclosed in an adjacent piece of laminated wood. This wooden building material is characterized in that each piece of laminated timber is joined by applying tension to at least one tendon member that communicates with the body and passes through the inside of a tubular body that communicates with the body.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a wooden building material in which a plurality of laminated timbers are joined together, which can be easily constructed and has excellent rigidity and strength.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram (a cross-sectional view of a joint portion and a cross-sectional view of a longitudinal side surface) of the wooden building material of Example 1. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram (a cross-sectional view of a joint portion and a cross-sectional view of a longitudinal side surface) of the wooden building material of Comparative Example 1. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the joined wooden building materials and metal fittings jig of Example 1. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram (a cross-sectional view of a joint portion and a cross-sectional view of a longitudinal side surface) of a joined wooden building material of Comparative Example 2.

The present invention will be explained in detail below.

[Laminated wood]
Glulam is a wood material made by laminating wood material pieces (lamina) together with adhesive. These wood material pieces are used as lamina and are pasted together using an adhesive with the fiber directions parallel to each other.

In the present invention, a laminated wood with a tubular body enclosed inside is used. In the manufacturing process of laminated wood with a tubular body inside, grooves or long holes are prepared in advance so that the tubular body can be installed in the wood material piece (lamina) corresponding to the position where the tubular body is to be encapsulated. It can be manufactured by a method in which a tubular body is inserted into a groove or a long hole when wood material pieces (lamina) are laminated and bonded together.

The laminated wood may be encapsulated by adhering the tubular body to a piece of wood material (lamina) during production of the laminated wood. However, this method requires advanced techniques to apply adhesive to the tubular body or groove and to ensure adhesive performance between the tubular body and wood. Therefore, we used a tubular body that was threaded on the outside, screwed this into both ends of the laminated wood, and sandwiched the tubular body that was previously enclosed inside the laminated wood from both ends to open the inside of the tubular body. It is preferable to use laminated wood manufactured in a continuous manner. In this case, the tubular body can be fixed to the laminated wood without using an adhesive.

It is preferable that the laminated wood has a longitudinal direction from the viewpoint of efficiently producing a long wooden building material. In this case, it is preferable that the respective laminated timbers be joined in the longitudinal direction. In this case, a tubular body that is threaded on the outside is used, and this is screwed into both ends of the laminated wood in the longitudinal direction. It is preferable to use a laminated wood manufactured by sandwiching the body from both ends and communicating the inside of the tubular body.

[Tubular body]
In the present invention, in order to join a plurality of laminated timbers, tension is applied to the tension material passed through the tube of the tubular body, and compressive force is applied in the axial direction of the tubular body. For this reason, the tubular body needs to be made of a material with enough strength to resist the compressive force. Therefore, the material for the tubular body is selected from materials that have better compression strength and rigidity than wood material pieces (lamina). For example, metals such as iron and aluminum, and fiber-reinforced resins made of reinforcing fibers and resin can be used. From the viewpoint of past achievements in construction, ease of acquisition, cost, etc., metal is preferable, and from the viewpoint of physical properties, iron is more preferable.

Preferably, the tubular body is threaded on the outside. The thread cutting process may extend over the entire length of the tubular body or may be performed on a portion thereof. A particularly preferred form is a circular, hollow, externally threaded tubular body. The threading process may extend over the entire length of the tubular body or may be limited to a portion thereof. By using a tubular body having a threaded outer surface and screwing the tubular body into the laminated timber, it is possible to relatively easily manufacture a laminated timber containing the tubular body.

From the viewpoint of efficiently producing a long wooden building material, it is preferable that the laminated wood has a longitudinal direction and that the tubular body penetrates and is enclosed in the laminated wood in the longitudinal direction. In this case, the tubular body penetrating through the longitudinal direction of one of the laminated timbers and the inside of the tubular body penetrating through the longitudinal direction of the other laminated timber adjacent to the laminated timber communicate with each other. , adjacent glulam is joined.

The manner in which the tubular bodies communicate between adjacent laminated timbers is arbitrary. As for the mode of communication between the tubular bodies, from the viewpoint of obtaining high strength, it is preferable that the wall surfaces of the adjacent tubular bodies are in contact with each other, and that they are connected by fitting or screwing. Particularly preferred. A metal fitting such as a washer may be interposed between the tubular bodies.

The tubular body enclosed in the laminated wood may be divided into a plurality of parts. Compressive force is applied by the tension material passed through the inside of the tubular body, so if the tubular body is divided into multiple parts in the longitudinal direction, the tubular bodies are connected in series so that the wall surfaces of adjacent tubular bodies are aligned. It is preferable that

When creating glulam with a tubular body divided into three parts in the longitudinal direction, the tubular body to be placed in the middle of the longitudinal direction is enclosed inside the laminated lumber when creating the laminated wood. The tubular bodies placed at both ends of the longitudinal direction of the laminated wood (positions that sandwich the tubular body located in the middle) are inserted from the cross sections of both ends of the laminated wood in such a manner that they are connected to both ends of the tubular body placed in the middle. do it.

In this case, it is preferable that the tubular body inserted from the cross sections of both ends of the laminated wood is threaded on the outside thereof. The thread cutting process may extend over the entire length of the tubular body or may be performed on a portion thereof.

Preferably, the tubular body is screwed and fixed to the laminated wood. Screwing can be performed using a torque wrench or the like. When the tubular body is threaded and screwed into and fixed to the laminated wood, the tubular body is firmly fixed to the laminated wood. For this reason, it is possible to prevent an accident in which the tubular body moves and falls from within the laminated timber during construction of a building using the wooden building material of the present invention, which is preferable. Furthermore, when tension is applied to the tension material passed through the tubular body, the resistance force of the part screwed into the laminated wood acts in addition to the compression resistance of the tubular body itself, making it able to withstand higher tension. This is preferable because high bonding strength can be obtained.

A tendon is threaded through at least one of the tubular bodies. For this reason, the inside of the tubular body may be filled with a filler in a manner that does not inhibit the action of the tension material, but it is preferable that no filler be filled therein to form a cavity.

[Cross-sectional shape of tubular body]
If we consider only the aspect that the tubular body resists the tension with its compressive force when tension is applied to the tension material passed through the tubular body, the shape of the tubular body may be rectangular or circular. However, in order to screw the tubular body from the cross section of the laminated wood, the shape of the tubular body is preferably circular, and particularly preferably circular and hollow.

On the other hand, the shape of the inside of the tubular body is arbitrary. For example, if the inside of a tubular body with a circular cross section has a rectangular cross section, the wall thickness of the tubular body can be designed to be large, which is an effective means when it is desired to increase the compressive strength of the tubular body.

Furthermore, when the tubular body is divided into a plurality of parts, it is preferable that all the tubular bodies have the same cross-sectional shape. This is because the more different the cross-sectional shapes are, the more difficult it is for the compressive force of the tubular body to be transmitted when tension is applied to the tension material passed through the tubular body.

When the tubular body is circular and hollow, and the inside of the tube (hollow part) is also circular and both are concentric circles, the wall thickness of the tubular body is preferably 1 to 10 mm, more preferably 2 to 5 mm. If the wall thickness is thinner than this, there is a possibility that the tubular body will buckle and fail when tension is applied to the tension material passed through the tube of the tubular body, so the tubular body may not have sufficient resistance to the compressive force applied to it. It may not be possible to express power, which is not desirable. On the other hand, if it is thicker than this, there will be a limit to the thickness of the tension material that can be passed through the tubular body, or if the tubular body itself is made thicker to avoid this, there is a possibility that the weight of the laminated timber will increase significantly. Yes, not desirable.

[Placement of tubular body]
The manner in which the tubular bodies are arranged in laminated timber having a longitudinal direction is such that the tubular bodies are placed at a position equidistant from the center of the cross section of the laminated timber (a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the laminated timber, hereinafter simply referred to as the "cross section"). A mode in which a plurality of tubular bodies are arranged is preferred, and a mode in which a plurality of tubular bodies are arranged point-symmetrically with respect to the center of the cross section is further preferred. In these cases, the tendon passes through a position that is off the center of the cross section.

In particular, an embodiment in which two or four tubular materials are arranged at positions equidistant from the center of the cross section is preferred. By arranging the tubular bodies at positions equidistant from the center, compressive force can be applied more uniformly to the cross section when tension is applied to the tendon passed through the tube of the tubular body.

The number of tubular bodies can be designed as required. For example, if the cross section of a wooden building material used as a beam is long in the vertical direction, there may be two pieces in total, one above and one below from the center of the cross section; one above and one below. Each of these may be replaced with two arranged horizontally or vertically. It can be designed by balancing the cross-sectional area of the laminated wood and the cross-sectional area of the tubular body.

When used as a beam, the size of the laminated wood is, for example, 100 to 240 mm in the width direction, 120 to 1,000 mm in the thickness direction, and 2,000 to 18,000 mm in the length direction.

[Tension material]
In the present invention, the tubular body is enclosed inside the laminated timber, and prestress is applied to the laminated timber by the tension material passed through the tube of the tubular body.

As the tendon material, PC steel materials such as PC steel wire, PC steel stranded wire, and PC steel rod used in general prestressed concrete can be used. Furthermore, tension materials with high tensile strength and creep performance may be used, and carbon fibers, aromatic polyamide fibers (aramid fibers), polyarylate fibers, polyparaphenylenebenzobisoxazal fibers, polyphenylene sulfide fibers, polyimide It may be an FRP (fiber-reinforced plastic) rod, fiber rope, or fiber cable using high-performance fibers such as fibers, tetrafluoroethylene fibers, and glass fibers.

The tension material is used in such a manner that it is passed through the inside of a tubular body enclosed in the laminated wood. For example, when two pieces of laminated wood are joined, the tube is used in such a manner that it penetrates in series through the inside of each of the tubular bodies contained in one of the laminated pieces of wood and the tubular body contained in the other piece of laminated wood.

Preferably, the tendon threaded through the tubular body is threaded at a position offset from the center of the cross section of the laminated timber.

In the wooden building material of the present invention, a plurality of laminated timbers are joined together and fixed by tension members under tension. For example, if two tubular bodies are placed equidistant from the center of the cross section, and laminated timber is used as a beam, tension material is passed through all two tubular bodies to join multiple laminated timbers. It is preferable.

It is a preferable embodiment that when tension is applied to the tendons, compressive force is applied from both ends of the laminated timber through washers to press the laminated timber together. By realizing crimping with a high crimping force, it is possible to bring the joined portion of a plurality of laminated timbers closer to an integrated state, and it is possible to improve the bending characteristics of the joined portion.

The tension applied to each tendon is, for example, 10 to 300 kN, preferably 30 to 250 kN. If the tension is lower than this, the crimping between the laminated timbers will be insufficient, and the joints of the laminated timbers may not have sufficient stiffness and strength. On the other hand, if the tension is higher than this, the tubular material subjected to compression may not sit properly. This results in a loss of resistance to compression, such as bending and fracture, and as a result, there is a risk that the joints of the wooden building material of the present invention will not exhibit sufficient rigidity and strength.

In this way, the wooden building material of the present invention can be used to obtain a long wooden building material by connecting a plurality of laminated timbers in the longitudinal direction by simply passing the tendon material through a tubular body and applying prestress. can. Furthermore, in order to improve workability, a counterbore hole may be made around the center of the cross section of the laminated wood and a metal dowel or the like may be used. It is effective in preventing slippage between laminated timbers during work and providing supplementary shear reinforcement at joints of laminated timbers.

In this state, the wood building material of the present invention is obtained by fixing the end of the laminated timber with bolts, nuts, wedge hardware, etc. through washers while applying tension so that the tendon does not loosen. As for the fixing method, the method used in the general prestressed concrete construction method can be used.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention is a wooden building material formed by joining at least two pieces of laminated wood, each piece of laminated wood containing a tubular body, and the tubular body enclosed in each piece of laminated wood being enclosed in an adjacent piece of laminated wood. A wooden building material characterized in that each piece of laminated timber is joined by applying tension to at least one tendon material that passes through the pipe of the connected tubular body, the tubular body is circular and hollow, and tension members are passed through all the tubular bodies, and a tension of 10 to 300 kN is applied to each tension member, and the pieces of laminated wood are crimped and fixed together by the tension of the tension members. This is how it is.

[Wood structure]
According to the present invention, a wooden structure including the above-mentioned wooden building material is also provided. This wooden structure further includes columns, foundations, and foundations, and is used as the structural frame of a building.

A wooden material is used for the pillars and the base, and the wooden material may be solid wood or laminated wood. Columns are generally erected on a foundation installed on a foundation, and the foundation and the column are joined using, for example, metal fittings.

The foundation may be either a direct foundation or a pile foundation. In the case of a direct foundation, for example, a cloth foundation, an independent foundation, or a solid foundation can be adopted. The concrete for the foundation may be either unreinforced concrete or reinforced concrete, with reinforced concrete being preferred from the standpoint of earthquake resistance.

When the wooden building material of the present invention is used as a beam, the beams can be joined together and the beams can be joined to the columns using joining hardware. The object to be joined and the hardware are fixed with bolts, screws, nails, etc.

The present invention will be specifically explained below using Examples. Various physical properties were measured by the following methods.
(1) Prestress tension A compression sensor was placed between the washer and nut that fixes the tension material, and the pressure between the washer and the nut was measured to determine the tension of the tension material.
(2) Strength of the joint between laminated timbers For a specimen made by joining two laminated timbers in series, the joint between the laminated timbers was placed at the center of the specimen, and the distance between the fulcrums was 1,590 mm. A repeated bending test was conducted in which a load was applied to each location 150 mm left and right from the joint between the laminated timbers. The repetitions are 1/300, 1/250, 1/200, 1/150, 1/100, 1/50, 1/30, for a distance of 1,440 mm between the stress point and the fulcrum, which corresponds to the bending moment distance. The test was conducted so that the amount of deflection increased with each repetition in the order of 1/15 and 1/10 rad.

<Calculation of strength>
In the repeated bending test up to 1/10 rad, if the specimen broke, that point was taken as the maximum load (p). If it did not break in the repeated bending test up to 1/10, a load was applied at the end of the test until it broke, and the breaking point = maximum load (p) was obtained. Using the obtained maximum load (p), the bending moment was calculated using the following formula. The unit of maximum load is kN, and the unit of distance between branches is m.

[Example 1]
A pipe made of iron (S45C) was used as the tubular body (1) enclosed in the laminated wood. The cross-sectional shape of this tubular body (1) is circular and hollow, with an outer diameter of 25.4 mm and an inner diameter of 18.4 mm, a uniform wall thickness of 3.5 mm all around, and a length of 910 mm.

Wood lamina (cedar) was used as the laminated wood for enclosing the tubular body (1), and water-soluble polymer-isocyanate adhesive (manufactured by Osica Co., Ltd.) was used to make the cross section 120 mm x 240 mm and length 1,890 mm. , P.I. Bond 5300L) was applied at a coating amount of 250 g/m ² for lamination and adhesion.

Adhesion was performed by room temperature pressing, the pressing pressure was 0.8 MPa, and the pressing time was 30 minutes. Two wood lamina (cedar) in which semicircular grooves with a diameter of 27.5 mm were previously dug were used for the part in which the tubular body (1) was to be enclosed, and the tubular body (1) was enclosed between them. A laminated timber containing the tubular body (1) was obtained by laminating and bonding the wooden laminas together without applying any adhesive into the grooves.

The positions of the tubular body (1) are 60 mm from the top and at the center in the lateral direction, and 60 mm from the bottom and at the center in the lateral direction in the cross section of the laminated wood (a rectangle with a width of 120 mm and a length of 240 mm). The respective tubular bodies (1) were arranged so that the cross-sectional centers of the tubular bodies (1) were located at these two positions.

A circular hollow lag screw bolt was screwed into the cross section of both ends of the obtained laminated wood in the longitudinal direction as a tubular body (2). The screwed in position is the position corresponding to the position of the tubular body (1) in the cross section of both ends (60 mm from the top and the center position in the horizontal direction in a rectangle of 120 mm width x 240 mm length, and the position 60 mm from the bottom and the center position in the horizontal direction) ). The lag screw bolt used had a crest diameter of 35 mm/trough diameter of 26.9 mm, a wall thickness of 4.2 mm, and a length of 490 mm. A schematic diagram of this laminated wood is shown in Figure 1.

Two pieces of the obtained laminated wood were joined by prestressing so that they were arranged in series in the longitudinal direction and their cross sections were brought into contact with each other. Prestressing is performed by inserting one PC steel rod with a diameter of 17 mm through a 50 mm x 50 mm, 20 mm thick iron washer so as to cover the two tubular bodies (2) at the ends of the laminated wood. The material was passed through (Figure 3). A tension of 110 kN was applied to each PC steel bar, and it was fixed with a nut so as not to loosen, thereby obtaining a wooden building material. As a result of the repeated bending test of this wooden building material, the bending moment was 40kNm, which was much higher than the bending moment of the existing laminated timber (E65-F225), which was 30kNm.

[Comparative example 1]
The procedure was the same as in Example 1 except that the tubular body (1) and tubular body (2) were not used in Example 1. A schematic cross-sectional view of this wood laminated timber is shown in FIG. When a tension of 24 kN was applied, splitting occurred at the end of the wood laminated timber due to sinking, so a cyclic bending test could not be performed.

[Comparative example 2]
Existing laminated wood (E65-F225) with the same cross-sectional size of 120 mm x 240 mm and length of 1,890 mm as in Example 1 was used. As in Example 1, joining was carried out in such a way that the cross sections of the laminated wood were in contact with each other. The existing glue-in rod method was used as the joining method. At the four corners of the cross sections to be joined, four fully threaded bolts with a diameter of 16 mm and a length of 600 mm were inserted in the longitudinal direction of the laminated timber at positions 40 mm from the sides of the laminated timber (see FIG. 4). At this time, the left and right sides were inserted to a depth of 300 mm and filled with epoxy resin. After the curing period, it took two weeks to start the test. Figure 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the obtained test piece of existing laminated wood joined using the glue-in rod construction method. As a result of the repeated bending test, the bending moment was 27kNm, which was less than the bending moment of the existing laminated wood (E65-F225), 30kNm.

[Example 2]
A wooden structure including the wooden building material of Example 1 as a beam is created. The wooden structure has a frontage and a depth of approximately 2 ken (the gap between the pillars at both ends is 3,600 mm, and the distance between the centers of the pillars at both ends is 3,720 mm). First, crushed stone is laid on the ground, reinforcing bars are placed on top of it at D10@200 in both the vertical and horizontal directions, and concrete is poured to install a solid foundation made of reinforced concrete. This solid foundation has a rising height of 450 mm, a width of 120 mm, and a bottom plate thickness of 120 mm.

As a base, two 120 mm square cypress pieces with a length of 3,840 mm and two cypress pieces with a length of 3,600 mm are placed on the rising edge of the foundation so that they form a square, and anchors are placed. It is connected to the rising edge of the foundation with bolts to create a square base with a distance of 3,720 mm between the pillar cores in both frontage and depth. On the four corners of this foundation, erect four cypress pillars measuring 120 mm square and 3,560 mm in length, with a gap of 3,600 mm between adjacent pillars, and connect the foundation and pillars. Fix with metal fittings. Regarding these four pillars, the above-mentioned beam (two pieces of 1,780 mm long laminated wood joined in the longitudinal direction and having iron washers with a thickness of 20 mm at both ends, with a total length of 3 , 600mm beam) are sandwiched between them, and the column and beam are joined using joining hardware. Bolts are used to secure the joint hardware to the foundation, columns, and beams. In this way, the four beams are connected to the columns to create a wooden structure.

The wooden building material of the present invention can be applied as a beam or long frame material to a wooden structure in which wood is used. Among these, it can be suitably used as a long frame material for large buildings such as schools, gymnasiums, auditoriums, various indoor baseball stadiums, and domes, and as beams for buildings such as apartment complexes and detached houses.

The wooden building material of the present invention can be easily constructed in these buildings, and can be used as a long wooden building material with excellent rigidity and strength in the structural frame of the building.

11 Glued laminated wood 12 Circular hollow tubular body 13 Circular hollow lag screw bolt 14 Iron pipe 21 Glued laminated wood 22 Hollow part (no reinforcing material)
31 Laminated wood 32 Round hollow tubular body 33 Washer 34 Nut 35 PC steel bar 41 Glued laminated wood 42 Fully threaded bolt

Claims (11)

A wooden building material made by joining at least two pieces of laminated wood, each piece of laminated wood containing a tubular body, and the tubular body to be enclosed being divided into three pieces in the longitudinal direction and enclosed within the laminated wood. The tubular bodies at both ends are threaded on the outside, and the tubular body enclosed in each laminated timber communicates with the tubular body enclosed in the adjacent laminated timber, with at least one tube passing through the inside of the communicating tubular body. A wooden construction material characterized by the fact that each piece of laminated timber is joined by applying tension to the tensioned timber. 2. The wooden building material according to claim 1, wherein the laminated timber has a longitudinal direction, and the tubular body is encapsulated by penetrating the laminated timber in the longitudinal direction. The wooden building material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the tubular body has a circular hollow cross section. The wooden building material according to claim 3, wherein the tubular body is made of metal. 2. The wooden building material according to claim 1 , wherein the tubular body is threaded on the outside and is screwed into and fixed to the laminated timber in which the tubular body is enclosed. The wooden building material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , which is used as a beam in a building. The wooden building material according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the tendon threaded through the tubular body is threaded at a position offset from the center of a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the laminated timber. The wooden building material according to any one of claims 1 to 7 , wherein a plurality of tubular bodies are included at positions equidistant from the center of a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the laminated timber. The wooden building material according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , wherein the tension applied to the tendon material is 10 to 300 kN. A wooden structure comprising the wooden building material according to any one of claims 1 to 9 . A building comprising the wooden structure according to claim 10 .

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