JP7403401B2 - 半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7403401B2 JP7403401B2 JP2020118986A JP2020118986A JP7403401B2 JP 7403401 B2 JP7403401 B2 JP 7403401B2 JP 2020118986 A JP2020118986 A JP 2020118986A JP 2020118986 A JP2020118986 A JP 2020118986A JP 7403401 B2 JP7403401 B2 JP 7403401B2
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Description
図1は、本実施の形態1に係るRC-IGBTである半導体装置の構成を示す平面図である。また、図2は、本実施の形態1に係るRC-IGBTである半導体装置の別構成を示す平面図である。図1に示す半導体装置100は、IGBT領域10とダイオード領域20とがストライプ状に並んで設けられており、以下の説明では単に「ストライプ型」と呼ぶこともある。図2に示す半導体装置101は、ダイオード領域20が縦方向と横方向に複数設けられ、ダイオード領域20の周囲にIGBT領域10が設けられており、以下の説明では単に「アイランド型」と呼ぶこともある。
図1において、半導体装置100は、1つの半導体装置内にIGBT領域10とダイオード領域20とを備えている。IGBT領域10及びダイオード領域20のそれぞれは、半導体装置100の一端側から他端側に延設されており、IGBT領域10及びダイオード領域20の延設方向と直交する方向に交互にストライプ状に設けられている。図1では、3個のIGBT領域10と、2個のダイオード領域20とが示され、全てのダイオード領域20がIGBT領域10で挟まれた構成が示されている。しかしながら、IGBT領域10及びダイオード領域20の数はこれに限るものでなく、IGBT領域10の数は3個以上でも3個以下でもよく、ダイオード領域20の数も2個以上でも2個以下でもよい。また、図1のIGBT領域10とダイオード領域20との場所を入れ替えた構成であってもよく、全てのIGBT領域10がダイオード領域20に挟まれた構成であってもよい。また、IGBT領域10とダイオード領域20とがそれぞれ1つずつ互いに隣り合って設けられた構成であってもよい。
図2において、半導体装置101は、1つの半導体装置内にIGBT領域10とダイオード領域20とを備えている。ダイオード領域20は、半導体装置101内の縦方向及び横方向のそれぞれに複数並んで配置されており、ダイオード領域20の周囲はIGBT領域10に取り囲まれている。つまり、IGBT領域10内に複数のダイオード領域20がアイランド状に設けられている。図2では、ダイオード領域20は紙面左右方向に4列、紙面上下方向に2行のマトリクス状に設けた構成が示されている。しかしながら、ダイオード領域20の個数及び配置はこれに限るものではなく、IGBT領域10内に1つまたは複数のダイオード領域20が点在して設けられ、それぞれのダイオード領域20の周囲がIGBT領域10に囲まれた構成であればよい。
図3は、RC-IGBTである半導体装置のIGBT領域10の構成を示す部分拡大平面図である。具体的には、図3は、図1に示した半導体装置100または図2に示した半導体装置101における破線82で囲った領域を拡大して示した図である。
図6は、RC-IGBTである半導体装置のダイオード領域20の構成を示す部分拡大平面図である。具体的には、図6は、図1に示した半導体装置100,101における破線83で囲った領域を拡大して示した図である。
図9及び図10は、本実施の形態1に係る半導体装置のIGBT領域10とダイオード領域20との間の境界領域50の構成を示す平面図及び断面図である。具体的には、図9は、図1及び図2に示した半導体装置100,101における一点鎖線E-E近傍の平面図であり、図10は一点鎖線E-Eにおける断面図である。なお、ここでは説明の重複を避けるため、IGBT領域10及びダイオード領域20で説明した内容、特に構成要素の省略や呼び方などの内容を適宜省略する。
図11及び図12は、RC-IGBTである半導体装置の終端領域の構成を示す断面図である。具体的には、図11は、図1または図2における一点鎖線F-Fでの断面図であり、IGBT領域10から終端領域30にかけての断面図である。また、図12は、図1における一点鎖線G-Gでの断面図であり、ダイオード領域20から終端領域30にかけての断面図である。
図13~図20は、RC-IGBTである半導体装置の製造方法を示す断面図である。図13~図18は半導体装置100,101の図10の境界領域50のおもて面側を主に形成する工程を示す図であり、図19及び図20は、半導体装置100,101の図10の境界領域50の裏面側を主に形成する工程を示す図である。
以上のような本実施の形態1では、ダイオード領域20の第2主面側にp+型キャリア排出層27が設けられている。ダイオードの順方向動作時に、第1主面側のp型アノード層25から注入されたホールは、第2主面側のコレクタ電極7から排出される。この際、n+型カソード層26は、ホールに対してポテンシャルバリアとなるが、p+型キャリア排出層27はp型を有するため、ホールの排出がより効率的に行われ、n-型ドリフト層1内のホール蓄積量を抑えることができる。このため、リカバリー動作時にリカバリー損失を低減することができる。
図21は、本実施の形態2に係る半導体装置のIGBT領域10とダイオード領域20との間の境界領域50の構成を示す平面図であり、具体的には図9に対応する平面図である。
ダイオードの順方向動作時には、ダイオード領域20の第1主面側のp+コンタクト層24は、電子に対してポテンシャルバリアとなる。そして、エミッタ電極6が半導体基板に接している面積を基準としたp+コンタクト層24の占有面積比率が大きいほど、電子の蓄積が多くなり、リカバリー損失が大きくなる。本実施の形態2では、ダイオード領域20とIGBT領域10との間に境界領域50が設けられ、境界領域50におけるエミッタ電極6が半導体基板に接している面積を基準としたp+コンタクト層54の占有面積比率が比較的小さい。このため、境界領域50での電子注入が少なくなり、ダイオード領域20への電子の流入も抑えられるため、リカバリー損失を効果的に低減すること可能になる。
図22は、本実施の形態3に係る半導体装置のIGBT領域10とダイオード領域20との間の境界領域50の構成を示す断面図であり、具体的には図10に対応する断面図である。本実施の形態3では、p+型キャリア排出層27の面内方向における最大幅が10μm以下である。なお、その他の構成については、実施の形態1または実施の形態2の構成と同様である。
本実施の形態3では、p+型キャリア排出層27の面内方向における最大幅、つまりWpが10μm以下である。このような構成によれば、図23の計算結果から、インパクトイオン化電流によるリカバリー損失への影響を抑えることができ、効果的にリカバリー損失を低減できる。
本実施の形態4では、平面視において、p+型キャリア排出層27の面積は、p+型キャリア排出層27の面積とn+型カソード層26の面積との和の20%以上である。なお、それ以外の構成については、実施の形態1~3の構成と同様である。
本実施の形態4では、p+型キャリア排出層27の面積は、p+型キャリア排出層27の面積とn+型カソード層26の面積との和の20%以上であるため、効果的にリカバリー損失を低減することができる。
図25(a)~図25(c)のそれぞれは、本実施の形態5に係る半導体装置のダイオード領域20を拡大した平面図である。本実施の形態5では、平面視におけるp+型キャリア排出層27は、長辺Wp1と、当該長辺Wp1の長さの1/2以下の長さを有する短辺Wp2とを含む。なお、それ以外の構成については、実施の形態1~4の構成と同様である。
本実施の形態5では、p+型キャリア排出層27の短辺Wp2が比較的短いため、p+型キャリア排出層27の長辺Wp1を比較的長くすることによって、p+型キャリア排出層27の面積比率を比較的大きくすることができる。これにより、リカバリー時のダイナミックアバランシェを抑制することと、順方向動作時のキャリア密度を抑制することとを両立できるため、リカバリー損失を効果的に低減できる。
本実施の形態6では、ダイオード領域20におけるエミッタ電極6が半導体基板に接している面積を基準としたp+型コンタクト層24の占有面積比率が0.8以下である。なお、それ以外の構成については、実施の形態1~5の構成と同様である。図26は、本実施の形態5において、ダイオード領域20におけるエミッタ電極6が半導体基板に接している面積を基準としたp+型コンタクト層24の占有面積比率と、リカバリー損失(Err)との関係をシミュレーションで計算した結果である。p+型コンタクト層24の占有面積比率が大きいほどリカバリー損失は大きく、p+型コンタクト層24の占有面積比率が0.8(80%)を超えると、リカバリー損失は急激に増加することが分かる。
上述したように、ダイオードの順方向動作時に、ダイオード領域20の第1主面側のp+型コンタクト層24は、電子に対してポテンシャルバリアとなる。このため、エミッタ電極6が半導体基板に接している面積に対するp+型コンタクト層24の面積が大きいほど、電子の蓄積が多くなり、リカバリー損失が大きくなる。本実施の形態6では、ダイオード領域20のp+型コンタクト層24の面積比率が0.8以下であるため、ダイオード領域20でのキャリア蓄積を抑制することが可能となり、リカバリー損失を効果的に低減することができる。
図27は、本実施の形態7に係る半導体装置のIGBT領域10とダイオード領域20との間の境界領域50の構成を示す平面図であり、具体的には図9に対応する平面図である。本実施の形態7に係る半導体基板は、第2キャリア排出層であるn+型キャリア排出層28をさらに含んでいる。このn+型キャリア排出層28は、ダイオード領域20の第1主面側にp型アノード層25及びp+型コンタクト層24の少なくともいずれかと面内方向で隣接して設けられている。図27の例では、n+型キャリア排出層28は、p型アノード層25及びp+型コンタクト層24に囲まれている。
ダイオードの順方向動作時に、半導体基板の第1主面側のn+型キャリア排出層28は、電子に対してポテンシャルバリアとならないので、第2主面側のn+型カソード層26から注入された電子が、n+型キャリア排出層28を通して効率的に排出される。このため、順方向動作時にダイオード領域20における電子の蓄積が少なくなり、リカバリー損失を効果的に低減することが可能になる。
Claims (7)
- 第1主面と、前記第1主面と逆側である第2主面とを有し、IGBT領域と、ダイオード領域と、前記IGBT領域及び前記ダイオード領域の間の境界領域とが面内方向に沿って設けられた、第1導電型の半導体基板と、
前記半導体基板の前記第1主面上に設けられたエミッタ電極と、
前記半導体基板の前記第2主面上に設けられたコレクタ電極と
を備え、
前記半導体基板は、
前記ダイオード領域の前記第1主面側に設けられた、第2導電型の第1アノード層、及び、前記第1アノード層よりも第2導電型の不純物濃度が高い第2導電型の第1コンタクト層と、
前記ダイオード領域の前記第2主面側に設けられた第1導電型のカソード層と、
前記ダイオード領域の前記第2主面側に前記カソード層と前記面内方向で隣接して設けられた第2導電型の第1キャリア排出層と、
前記境界領域の前記第1主面側に設けられた、第2導電型の第2アノード層、及び、前記第2アノード層よりも第2導電型の不純物濃度が高い第2導電型の第2コンタクト層と、
前記境界領域の前記第2主面側に設けられた第2導電型のコレクタ層と
を含み、
前記第2アノード層の第2導電型の不純物濃度が、前記第1アノード層の第2導電型の不純物濃度よりも低い、半導体装置。 - 請求項1に記載の半導体装置であって、
前記第1キャリア排出層の最大幅が10μm以下である、半導体装置。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載の半導体装置であって、
平面視において、前記第1キャリア排出層の面積は、前記第1キャリア排出層の面積と前記カソード層の面積との和の20%以上である、半導体装置。 - 請求項1から請求項3のうちのいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置であって、
平面視における前記第1キャリア排出層は、長辺と、当該長辺の長さの1/2以下の長さを有する短辺とを含む、半導体装置。 - 請求項1から請求項4のうちのいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置であって、
前記ダイオード領域における前記エミッタ電極が前記半導体基板に接している面積を基準とした前記第1コンタクト層の占有面積比率が0.8以下である、半導体装置。 - 請求項1から請求項5のうちのいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置であって、
前記半導体基板は、
前記ダイオード領域の前記第1主面側に前記第1アノード層及び前記第1コンタクト層の少なくともいずれかと前記面内方向で隣接して設けられた、第1導電型の第2キャリア排出層をさらに含む、半導体装置。 - 請求項1から請求項6のうちのいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置であって、
前記境界領域における前記エミッタ電極が前記半導体基板に接している面積を基準とした前記第2コンタクト層の占有面積比率が、前記ダイオード領域における前記エミッタ電極が前記半導体基板に接している面積を基準とした前記第1コンタクト層の占有面積比率よりも小さい、半導体装置。
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