JP7473636B2 - 固体物品を収容する生分解性及び/又は家庭で堆肥化可能な小袋 - Google Patents
固体物品を収容する生分解性及び/又は家庭で堆肥化可能な小袋 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本明細書で使用するとき、「通気させる」、「通気させること」、又は「通気」とは、機械的及び/又は化学的手段によって液体又はペースト状組成物にガスを導入するプロセスを指す。
小袋は、有効な水分バリア、圧縮レジリエンスを提供し、かつ生分解性及び/又は家庭で堆肥化可能であり得る、固体物品を保管するのに好適な任意の小袋であり得る。小袋は、ブロックボトムバッグ、フラットバッグ、フローパック、十字底袋、サイドガゼット袋、三方シール部袋、四方シール部袋、スタンドアップパウチ、スティックパック、又は完全に輪郭形成されたパウチであり得る。小袋は接続されることができ、それぞれの小袋の間にミシン目のある端と端とが接続された複数の小袋を有するロールとして、高頻度店などの店舗で販売されてもよく、そうすることで、消費者は、何枚の小袋が欲しいのかを選択し、その数の小袋をロールから引きちぎることができる。いくつかの実施例では、ミシン目はジグザグであってもよく、ジグザグは、ユーザが小袋を開くのをより容易にする。小袋のロールはまたミシン目によって分離された複数の小袋を横方向に有することができる(すなわち、2つ、3つ、4つ、又はそれ以上のレーンを備えたマルチレーン小袋)。小袋は、少なくとも1つの表面上に印刷された、絵で表された使用説明書を有することができる。
2.Solvay(登録商標)から供給されるMirapol(登録商標)AM-T
3.Kuraray(登録商標)によって供給されるPoval(商標)3-803、PVA420H
4.Kuraray(登録商標)によって供給されるPoval(商標)32-80(420H)、PVA403
5.Solvay(登録商標)によって供給されるMackham(登録商標)LHS
6.Momentive(登録商標)によって供給されるY-14945アミノ流体
2.Sekisui Specialty Chemicals(登録商標)によって供給されるSelvol(商標)ポリビニルアルコール523
3.Solvay(登録商標)によるMiranol(登録商標)Ultra L 32 E
固体物品は、限定するものではないが、参照により本明細書に援用される米国特許第8,349,786号、同第8,461,091号、及び同第8,349,787号及び米国特許出願公開第2012/0270029号に記載されているような連続気泡発泡体物品と、米国特許出願公開第2012/052036号、同第2018/0333339号、及び同第2019/0282461号、米国特許出願第15/981,096号、米国特許第9,545,364号に記載されているような繊維状物品とを含み得る。
OCF物品は、可撓性多孔質溶解性固体シートを含む物品であり得る。OCF物品は、水溶性ポリマーを含むことができ、当該固体シートOCF物品は、
(i)以下に記載する試験6を使用して測定したとき、約0.5mm~約4mm、あるいは約0.6mm~約3.5mm、あるいは約0.7mm~約3mm、あるいは約0.8mm~約2mm、あるいは約1mm~約1.5mmの範囲の厚さと、
(ii)後述の試験3によって測定したとき、約80%~100%、あるいは約85%~100%、あるいは約90%~100%の連続気泡含有率と、
(iii)後述の試験2に記載のマイクロCT法によって測定したとき、約100μm~約2000μm、あるいは約150μm~約1000μm、あるいは約200μm~約600μmの全体平均孔径と、を有し、
当該固体シートOCF物品は、互いに反対側に上面及び底面を有し、当該上面は、後述の試験1に記載のSEM法によって測定したとき、約100μm超、あるいは約110μm超、あるいは約120μm超、あるいは約130μm超、あるいは最も多くは約150μm超の表面平均細孔直径を有し、
当該固体シートOCF物品は、上面に隣接する上部領域と、底面に隣接する底部領域と、それらの間の中間領域とを含み、当該上部領域、底部領域、及び中間領域は同じ厚さを有し、上部領域、底部領域、及び中間領域のそれぞれは平均孔径によって特徴付けられ、当該上部領域における平均粒径に対する当該底部領域における平均孔径の比率は、約0.6~約1.5、あるいは約0.7~約1.4、あるいは約0.8~約1.3、あるいは最も多くは約1~約1.2である。
水溶性ポリマー
湿潤プレミックスは、プレミックスの約3重量%~約20重量%の水溶性ポリマー、あるいはプレミックスの約5重量%~約15重量%の水溶性ポリマー、あるいはプレミックスの約7重量%~約10重量%の水溶性ポリマーを含んでもよい。
上述の水溶性ポリマーに加えて、固体シートOCF物品は、1種以上の界面活性剤を含み得る。界面活性剤は、物品の所望のOCF構造を形成するのに十分な量の安定した気泡を生成するために、通気プロセス中に乳化剤として機能し得る。また、界面活性剤は、所望の洗浄効果を実現するための活性成分として機能し得る。
R1-C(O)-NH-R2-NH-R3-NH-C(O)-R1
式中、R1、R2は、上記に定義したとおりであり、各R3は、C1~6アルキレン基、あるいはエチレン基である。これらの活性成分の例は、約2:1の分子比でのタロー酸、キャノーラ酸又はオレイン酸とジエチレントリアミンの反応生成物であり、当該反応生成物混合物は、N,N”-ジタローオイルジエチレントリアミン、N,N”-ジキャノーラ-オイルジエチレントリアミン又はN,N”-ジオレオイルジエチレントリアミンを含有し、それぞれ下式を有する:
R1-C(O)-NH-CH2CH2-NH-CH2CH2-NH-C(O)-R1
(式中、R2及びR3は二価エチレン基であり、R1は上記に定義したとおりであり、R1が植物若しくは動物供給源から誘導される市販のオレイン酸のオレオイル基である場合、この構造の許容可能な例としては、Henkel Corporationから入手可能なEMERSOL(登録商標)223LL又はEMERSOL(登録商標)7021が挙げられる)。
[R1-C(O)-NR-R2-N(R)2-R3-NR-C(O)-R1]+X-
(式中、R、R1、R2、R3及びX-は、上記のように定義される)。この活性成分の例は、下式を有するジ脂肪アミドアミン系柔軟剤である:
[R1-C(O)-NH-CH2CH2-N(CH3)(CH2CH2OH)-CH2CH2-NH-C(O)-R1]+CH3SO4 -
(式中、R1-C(O)は、オレオイル基、ソフトタロー基、又は硬化タロー基であり、DegussaからVARISOFT(登録商標)222LT、VARISOFT(登録商標)222、及びVARISOFT(登録商標)110の商品名でそれぞれ市販されている)。
[R3N+CH2CH(YR1)(CH2YR1)]X-
(式中、各Y、R、R1、及びX-は、上記と同じ意味を有する)。DEQA(2)は、式1,2-ジ(アシルオキシ)-3-トリメチルアンモニオプロパンクロリドを有する「プロピル」エステル四級アンモニウム布地柔軟剤活性物質であり得る。
OCF物品は、任意選択的に、当該固体シートOCF物品の総重量の0.1%~約25%、あるいは約0.5%~約20%、あるいは約1%~約15%、あるいは最も多くは2%~12%の範囲の量の可塑剤を含み得る。それに対応して、このような固体シートOCF物品を形成するために使用される湿潤プレミックスは、当該湿潤プレミックスの約0.02重量%~約20重量%、一実施形態では当該湿潤プレミックスの約0.1重量%~約10重量%、一実施形態では湿潤プレミックスの約0.5重量%~約5重量%の湿潤プレミックスを含み得る。
上述の成分、例えば、水溶性ポリマー、界面活性剤、及び可塑剤に加えて、OCF物品は、その意図される用途に応じて、1つ以上の追加成分を含んでもよい。このような1つ以上の追加成分は、布地ケア活性物質、食器洗浄活性物質、硬質表面洗浄活性物質、美容及び/又はスキンケア活性物質、パーソナルクレンジング活性物質、ヘアケア活性物質、口腔ケア活性物質、女性ケア活性物質、ベビーケア活性物質、並びにこれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群から選択され得る。
参照により本明細書に援用される国際公開第2010077627号及び国際公開第2012138820号は、まず、様々な材料を含有するプレミックスを調製し、次いで、ガスをその中に導入することによってプレミックスを通気し、続いて通気されたプレミックスをシートに形成し、最後に高温でシートを乾燥させることによって、OCF構造を有する可撓性多孔質溶解性固体シートOCF物品を形成するプロセスを開示している。OCF構造は、水蒸発、気泡崩壊、薄膜気泡表面から気泡間のプラトー境界内への介在液体排出(気泡間の開口部を生成して連続気泡を形成する)、及びプレミックスの固化といった同時的な機構の下で、乾燥工程中に形成される。様々な処理条件が、例えば、湿潤プレミックス中の固体含有量、湿潤プレミックスの粘度、重力、及び乾燥温度などのこれらの機構、並びに制御された排液を達成して所望のOCF構造を形成するように処理条件を均衡化させる必要性に影響し得る。
湿潤プレミックスは、水溶性ポリマー、界面活性剤、及び/又は他の有益剤、任意選択的な可塑剤、及び他の任意選択的な成分を含む、対象の固体を、プレミックスタンク内の十分な量の水又は別の溶媒と混合することによって調製することができる。湿潤プレミックスは、メカニカルミキサーを使用して形成することができる。本明細書で有用なメカニカルミキサーには、ピッチ翼を有するタービン、又はMAXBLEND撹拌機(Sumitomo Heavy Industries)が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
湿潤プレミックスの通気により、引き続き乾燥時にその中にOCF物品を形成するために十分な量の気泡を湿潤プレミックスに導入することができる。十分に通気された後、湿潤プレミックスは、非通気された湿潤プレミックス(不注意に閉じ込められた気泡をわずかに含んでもよい)又は不十分に通気された湿潤プレミックス(気泡をいくらか含有し得るが、非常に低い体積割合で及びかなり大きい気泡サイズのものを含んでもよい)の密度より著しく低い密度によって特徴付けられる。通気された湿潤プレミックスは、約0.05g/mL~約0.5g/mL、あるいは約0.08g/mL~約0.4g/mL、あるいは約0.1g/mL~約0.35g/mL、あるいは約0.15g/mL~約0.3g/mL、あるいは約0.2g/mL~約0.25g/mLの範囲の密度を有し得る。
十分な通気の後、通気された湿潤プレミックスは、互いに反対側に第1の面及び第2の面を有する1つ以上のシートを形成する。シート形成工程は、例えば、押出成形、鋳造、成型、真空成形、プレス、印刷、コーティングなどによって、任意の好適な方法で実施することができる。より具体的には、通気された湿潤プレミックスは、(i)当該湿潤プレミックスを浅いキャビティ若しくはトレー又は特別に設計されたシート型に鋳造することと、(ii)当該湿潤プレミックスを乾燥機の連続ベルト又はスクリーン上に押出成形することと、(iii)当該湿潤プレミックスを回転ドラム乾燥機の外面上にコーティングすることと、を行うことによってシートに形成することができる。シートがその上に形成される支持面は、金属(例えば、鋼、クロムなど)、TEFLON(登録商標)、ポリカーボネート、NEOPRENE(登録商標)、HDPE、LDPE、ゴム、ガラスなどの、防食で非相互作用及び/又は非粘着性の材料によって形成されるか、又はコーティングされることができる。
シートが形成された後、乾燥時間全体にわたって、又は少なくとも乾燥時間の半分超にわたって、乾燥工程中に反重力加熱方向を使用することができる。
可撓性溶解性多孔質固体シートが形成されると、上述したように、そのようなシートの2つ以上を更に組み合わせて及び/又は処理して、球状、立方体、長方形、楕円形、円筒形、ロッド、シート、花形、扇型、星形、ディスク形状などが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない任意の望ましい三次元形状の溶解性固体OCF物品を形成することができる。シートは、その例として化学的手段、機械的手段、及びこれらの組み合わせが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない当該技術分野において既知の任意の手段によって、組み合わされて及び/又は処理してもよい。このような組み合わせ工程及び/又は処理工程は、本明細書において集合的に「変換」プロセスと称され、すなわち、これは、2つ以上の可撓性溶解性多孔質OCFシートを、所望の三次元形状を有する溶解性固体物品に変換する役割を果たす。
試験1:手溶解試験方法
必要材料:
試験対象物品:3~5個の試料を試験し、個別の試料のそれぞれのストローク数の平均を計算して、平均手溶解値として記録する。この方法では、消費者に販売可能な又は消費者試料の全体を試験する。消費者に販売可能な又は消費者が使用する試料全体が50cm2を超える設置面積を有するパッドである場合には、最初に、50cm2の設置面積を有するように物品を切断する。
ニトリル手袋
10ccシリンジ
プラスチック製秤量ボート(約3インチ×3インチ)
100mLガラスビーカー
・水80mLをガラスビーカーに加える。
・水が40℃±5℃の温度になるまでビーカー内の水を加熱する。
・ビーカーからシリンジによって15mLの水を秤量ボートに移す。
・水を秤量ボートに移す10秒以内に、手袋をはめた手(試料を保持するための非利き手で、カップのように丸めた形の手)の掌に試料を置く。
・利き手を使用して、秤量ボートから試料に水を素早く添加して、直ちに5~10秒間濡らす。
・反対側の利き手(同様に手袋をはめている)を用いて、2回の急速な円形ストロークで擦る。
・2回のストローク後に、手の中の試料を目視検査する。試料が完全に溶解している場合、ストローク数=2溶解ストロークを記録する。完全に溶解していない場合、残りの試料をもう1回のストローク(合計3回)で擦り合わせ、溶解度を観察する。この追加のストローク後に試料が固体片を含有しない場合、ストローク数=3溶解ストロークを記録する。合計3回のストローク後に、試料が、依然として溶解していない試料の固体片を含有する場合、試料が完全に溶解するか、又は合計ストロークが30に達するかのいずれか早い方まで、引き続き更なる円形ストロークで擦り合わせ、各追加のストローク後に固体片が残っているか否かを確認する。合計ストローク数を記録する。上限の30ストローク後に試料片が残った場合であっても、30溶解ストロークを記録する。
・更に4つの試料のそれぞれについて、このプロセスを繰り返す。
小袋製品(物品を収容しているシールされた小袋又は液体を収容しているシールされた小袋)は、以下に記載されるように、それらが少なくとも75N/mの強さ(最小要件:剥離容易シール)以上のシール強度を有し、外周の周囲全体にシールの完全性を示し、加速安定性試験の要件を満たす場合に、許容可能な安定性試験方法を有すると判定される。
この試験方法は、ASTM F88に従って実施される。シールの1インチのストリップを切断することにより、試験用のシールされた試験片を調製する。縁部は、輪郭がはっきりしており、シールの方向に垂直であるものとする。試料を、72°F、50%RHで36時間コンディショニングした。試験片の各脚を、2.95バール±0.1の圧力で剥離試験機にクランプした。シールを、300mm/分のグリップ分離速度で試験する。各サイクルについて、試験片が応力を受けて破損したときを最大力として記録し、破損のタイプを識別する。脚あたり5つの試験片を試験して平均シール強度を計算する。平均シール強度は、次のように定義される:75N/未満の場合にはシールなし/弱いシール;75~250N/mの場合には剥離容易;250~500N/mmの場合には剥離困難;500N/m超の場合にはロックシール。剥離シールは、典型的には、接着の失敗であり、ロックシールは結合力を有する。
小袋製品は、以下に記載されるように、許容可能なパッケージの完全性、乾燥物品の完全性、及び物品性能を有する場合、加速安定性試験を満たす。
Hitachi TM3000 Tabletop Microscope(S/N:123104-04)を使用して、試料のSEM顕微鏡写真を取得する。固体シートOCF物品の試料は、面積約1cm×1cmであり、より大きなシートから切断される。画像を倍率50Xで収集し、ユニットを15kVで動作させる。最低5つの顕微鏡画像を、各試料にわたってランダムに選択された位置から収集し、平均孔直径が推定される約43.0mm2の総分析面積を得る。
多孔度は、OCFによって占有される全空間に対する空隙空間の比率である。多孔度は、空隙空間を閾値化によって区画化し、全ボクセルに対する空隙ボクセルの比率を決定することによって、μCTスキャンから計算することができる。同様に、固体体積分率(solid volume fraction、SVF)は、全空間に対する固体空間の比率であり、SVFは、全ボクセルに対する占有されたボクセルの比率として計算することができる。多孔度及びSVFの両方とも、OCFの高さ方向における孔径分布、又はOCFストラットの平均気泡壁厚などの構造情報を提供しない平均スカラー値である。
連続気泡含有率を、ガス比重瓶法を通して測定する。ガス比重瓶法は、体積を正確に測定するガス置換法を使用する一般的な分析技術である。置換媒体としてヘリウム又は窒素のような不活性ガスが使用される。固体シートOCF物品の試料を既知の体積の計器コンパートメント内に密閉し、適切な不活性ガスを入れ、次に別の精密な内部体積に膨張させる。膨張前及び膨張後の圧力を測定し、これを使用して試料物品の体積を計算する。
連続気泡率=試料の連続気泡体積/試料の幾何学的体積*100
固体シートOCF物品の最終水分含量を、Mettler Toledo HX204 Moisture Analyzer(S/N B706673091)を使用して得る。乾燥したシート物品の最低1gを測定トレー上に置く。次いで、標準プログラムを、10分間の分析時間及び110℃の温度の追加のプログラム設定で実行する。
可撓性多孔質溶解性固体シートOCF物品の厚さを、Mitutoyo Corporation Digital Disk Stand Micrometer Model Number IDS-1012E(Mitutoyo Corporation,965 Corporate Blvd,Aurora,IL,USA 60504)などのマイクロメータ又は厚さゲージを用いて得る。マイクロメータは、直径1インチ、重さ約32グラムのプラテンを有し、約0.09psi(6.32gm/cm2)の印加圧力において厚さを測定する。
可撓性多孔質溶解性固体シートOCF物品の坪量を、その面積当たりのシート物品の重量(g/m 2 )として計算する。その面積はシート物品の外側エッジに直角の平坦表面上の投影面積として計算される。固体シートOCF物品は、10cm×10cmの正方形試料に切断されているため、その面積は既知である。次いで、このような正方形試料の各々を秤量し、得られた重量を100cm2の既知の面積で割って、対応する坪量を決定する。
可撓性多孔質溶解性固体シートOCF物品の密度は、次の等式によって決定される:計算された密度=多孔質固体の坪量/(多孔質固体の厚さ×1,000)。可撓性多孔質固体物の坪量及び厚みを、本明細書に記載の方法に従って決定する。
可撓性多孔質溶解性固体シートOCF物品の比表面積を、ガス吸着技術によって測定する。表面積は、分子規模の固体試料の露出した表面の測定値である。BET(Brunauer、Emmet、及びTeller)理論は、表面積を決定するのに使用される最もよく知られているモデルであり、ガス吸着等温線に基づいている。ガス吸着は、物理的な吸着及び毛管凝縮を使用してガス吸着等温線を測定するものである。この技術は、以下の工程によって要約される。試料を試料管に入れ、真空下又はガス流下で熱して試料の表面上の汚染物を除去する。試料重量は、脱ガスされた試料及び料管の混合重量から空の管重量を差し引いて得られる。次に試料管を分析ポート上に置き、分析を開始する。この分析プロセスの最初の工程は、試料管を排気し、次に液体窒素温度でヘリウムガスを使用して試料管内の自由空間体積を測定する。次に試料を再度排気し、ヘリウムガスを除去する。計器は次に、要求される圧力測定値が達成されるまで、ユーザが特定する間隔でクリプトンガスを投与することによって吸着等温線を収集し始める。次に試料を、クリプトンガス吸着を備えるASAP2420を使用して分析してもよい。これらの測定は、Micromeretics Analytical Services,Inc.(One Micromeritics Dr,Suite 200,Norcross,GA 30093)により行うことが推奨される。この技術に関するより多くの情報は、Micromeretics Analytical Servicesのウェブサイト(www.particletesting.com若しくはwww.micromeritics.com)上で入手可能であり、又はClyde Orr及びPaul Webb著「Analytical Methods in Fine particle Technology」という書籍において公開されている。
この試験方法は、主にASTM F1249-13に従って実施される。試験ガスの温度を38℃(±0.56℃)に、その相対湿度を90%(±3%)に設定する。キャリアガスは100%N2(乾燥)である。試験を実行するために使用される機器は、Permatran-W Water Vapor Permeability Instrumentであり、書面による手順QMS 702-004に従う。ASTM F-1249-13の範囲(§1.1)外の材料には、水蒸気透過率試験方法は適用されない。
この試験方法は、以下の試験条件下でASTMF1927に従って主に実施される:試験ガスの温度は23℃(±0.56℃)であり、その相対湿度は80%(±3%)であり、試験ガス濃度は100%O2である。キャリアガスは、98%N2及び2%H2であり、キャリアガスの湿度は、0%である。試験ガス圧は、760mmHgである。この試験を実行するために使用する機器は、Oxtran 2/21酸素透過性試験機(Oxygen Permeability Instrument)であり、試験手順QMS 702-002に従う。
グリース試験抵抗は、紙及び板紙について、TAPPI T 559 cm-12耐グリース性試験を使用して測定した。グリース試験は、SGS Integrated Paper Services(Appleton,Wisconsin,USA)で行った。
フィルム全体/個々の層の厚さは、滑走式ミクロトーム(例えば、Leica SM2010 R)によってフィルム試料の厚さ20μmの断面を切断し、光透過モードの光学顕微鏡(例えば、Leica Diaplan)の下に配置し、画像解析ソフトウェアを適用することによって測定される。水分散性ナノプレートレット層は、水溶性ポリマー層と強くコントラストをなす。隣接する水溶性ポリマー層の場合、0.5重量%のローダミンB又は0.5重量%の二酸化チタンナノ粒子などの異なるトレーサーを添加することによって、コントラストを得ることができる。
この試験方法は、ASTMD1922-15(エルメンドルフ法)に従って、試験方法で指定された機器タイプを使用し、試験片の調製に従って実施される。試験片は、実質的に長方形の底部分及び半円形の頂部を有する。底部は、機器において事前に切断される又は適用されるスリットを備え、スリットは、頂部91に向かって延び、かつ底縁部の延長部に対して垂直な方向に20mmの長さを有し、概してフィルム機械方向に整列されている。試料は、2つのクランプの間に取り付けられる。次いで、振子を始動させ、少なくとも1回自由に揺動させる。試料が破損したときに振り子を手動で停止する。引裂抵抗は、mNで報告するものとする。
単層試験試料のキャリパ又は厚さは、公定書の方法(compendial method)ISO 534に従い、本明細書に記載の修正を加えて、静的荷重下でマイクロメータによって測定される。全ての測定は、23℃±2℃及び相対湿度50%±2%で維持された実験室で実施され、試験試料は、試験前に少なくとも2時間、この環境でコンディショニングされる。
試験試料の坪量は、単一の材料層の単位面積(平方メートル単位)当たりの質量(グラム単位)であり、公定書の方法ISO 536に従って測定される。試験試料の塊を既知の面積に切断し、0.0001グラムの精度の分析天秤を用いて試料の質量を測定する。全ての測定は、23℃±2℃及び相対湿度50%±2%で維持された実験室で実施され、試験試料は、試験前に少なくとも2時間、この環境でコンディショニングされる。
A.表面フィルム及び裏面フィルムを含む生分解性及び/又は家庭で堆肥化可能な小袋を含む小袋製品であって、表面フィルム及び裏面フィルムは、
a.85%超のセルロースを有する紙を含む表面中間層及び裏面中間層と、
b.表面中間層に接合された表面内層及び裏面中間層に接合された裏面内層であって、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリブチレンサクシネート、ポリブチレンサクシネートアジペート、ポリヒドロキシルアルコネート、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、カルナバワックス、生分解性熱可塑性デンプン、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される内層材料を含む、表面内層及び裏面内層と、を含み、
表面内層及び裏面内層が、外周の周りで恒久的に接合されてシール部を形成しており、シール部は、連続気泡発泡体を含む固体物品を格納するように適合された区画を形成し、連続気泡発泡体は、
物品の総重量の約10%~約40%、好ましくは約15%~約30%、より好ましくは約20%~約25%の水溶性ポリマーと、
物品の総重量の約5%~約80%、あるいは約10%~約70%、あるいは約30%~約65%の、アニオン性界面活性剤、カチオン性界面活性剤、非イオン性界面活性剤、両性界面活性剤、双性イオン性界面活性剤、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される界面活性剤と、を含み、
試験3に従って測定したとき、約80%~100%、好ましくは約85%~100%、より好ましくは約90%~100%の連続気泡含有率と、
試験2に記載のマイクロCT法によって測定したとき、約100μm~約2000μm、あるいは約150μm~約1000μm、あるいは約200μm~約600μmの全体平均孔径と、を有する、小袋製品。
B.表面フィルム及び裏面フィルムが、表面中間層に接合された表面外層と、裏面中間層に接合された裏面外層と、を更に含み、表面フィルム及び裏面フィルムが、生分解性ワックスを含む、段落Aに記載の小袋製品。
C.生分解性ワックスが、蜜蝋、ホホバワックス、カルナバワックス、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、段落Bに記載の小袋製品。
D.紙が、植物油結合剤を更に含む、段落A~Cに記載の小袋製品。
E.内層材料が、ポリビニルアルコールを含む、段落A~Dに記載の小袋製品。
F.表面中間層及び裏面中間層が、約30~約120g/m 2 、好ましくは約40~約110g/m 2 、より好ましくは約50~約100g/m 2 、及び更により好ましくは約60~約90g/m 2 の坪量を有する、段落A~Eに記載の小袋製品。
G.表面フィルム及び裏面フィルムを含む生分解性及び/又は家庭で堆肥化可能な小袋を含む小袋製品であって、表面フィルム及び裏面フィルムは、
a.セルロースを含む表面外層及び裏面外層と、
b.表面外層に接合された表面内層及び裏面外層に接合された裏面外層と、を含み、表面内層及び裏面外層が、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリブチレンサクシネート、ポリブチレンサクシネートアジペート、ポリヒドロキシルアルコネート、カルナバワックス、生分解性熱可塑性デンプン、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される材料を含み、
表面内層及び裏面内層が、外周の周りで恒久的に接合されてシール部を形成しており、シール部は、連続気泡発泡体を含む固体物品を格納するように適合された区画を形成し、連続気泡発泡体は、
物品の総重量の約10%~約40%、好ましくは約15%~約30%、より好ましくは約20%~約25%の水溶性ポリマーと、
物品の総重量の約5%~約80%、あるいは約10%~約70%、あるいは約30%~約65%の、アニオン性界面活性剤、カチオン性界面活性剤、非イオン性界面活性剤、両性界面活性剤、双性イオン性界面活性剤、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される界面活性剤と、を含み、
試験3に従って測定したとき、約80%~100%、好ましくは約85%~100%、より好ましくは約90%~100%の連続気泡含有率と、
試験2に記載のマイクロCT法によって測定したとき、約100μm~約2000μm、あるいは約150μm~約1000μm、あるいは約200μm~約600μmの全体平均孔径と、を有する、小袋製品。
H.表面外層及び裏面外層が、約5μm~約50μm、好ましくは約10μm~約40μm、より好ましくは約15μm~約30μmの厚さを有する、段落A~Gに記載の小袋製品。
I.表面内層及び裏面内層が、約1μm~約150μm、好ましくは約2μm~約100μm、より好ましくは約3μm~約40μm、更により好ましくは約10μm~約30μmの厚さを有する、段落A~Hに記載の小袋製品。
J.小袋が、生分解性及び堆肥化可能である、段落A~Iに記載の小袋製品。
K.小袋が、リサイクル可能である、段落A~Jに記載の小袋製品。
L.小袋が、4辺がシールされた小袋である、段落A~Kに記載の小袋製品。
M.小袋製品が、ASTM E96-16に従って測定したとき、約0.01~約50g/m 2 /日、好ましくは約0.05~約40g/m 2 /日、約0.1~約30g/m 2 /日、更により好ましくは約0.2~約15g/m 2 /日のMVTRを有する、段落A~Lに記載の小袋製品。
N.小袋が、D1922-15、エルメンドルフ法、MD引き裂き方向に従って550nM未満の引裂抵抗を含む、段落A~Mに記載の小袋製品。
O.シールが、ASTM F88-15に従って、300mm/分及び2.95bar(295kPa)において、約250~約700N/m、あるいは約300~約600N/m、あるいは約300~約500N/mのシール強度を有する、段落A~Nに記載の小袋製品。
P.小袋製品が、シール試験を満たす、段落A~Oに記載の小袋製品。
Q.40℃、75%RHで2週間の保管の後、物品が、手溶解試験法に従って、15ストローク未満、好ましくは12ストローク未満、最も好ましくは10ストローク未満の手溶解値を有し得る、段落A~Pに記載の小袋製品。
R.2週間、好ましくは4週間、より好ましくは8週間、より好ましくは12週間、最も好ましくは6ヶ月の期間の保管後、小袋製品が加速安定性試験を満たすことができる、段落A~Qに記載の小袋製品。
S.2週間、好ましくは4週間、より好ましくは8週間、より好ましくは12週間、最も好ましくは6ヶ月の期間の保管後、小袋製品が安定性試験を満たすことができる、段落A~Rに記載の小袋製品。
T.小袋製品が、洗濯洗剤製品、布地柔軟剤製品、手指用洗浄製品、ヘアシャンプー製品、ヘアコンディショニング製品、ヘアスタイリング製品、ボディクレンジング製品、シェービング準備製品、食器洗浄製品、スキンケア製品、保湿製品、日焼け止め製品、美容製品、脱臭製品、口腔ケア製品、女性用洗浄製品、乳児ケア製品、香料含有製品、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される消費者製品である、段落A~Sに記載の小袋製品。
U.物品が、試験2により測定したとき、約5μm~約200μm、好ましくは約10μm~約100μm、より好ましくは約10μm~約80μmの平均気泡壁厚さを有する、段落A~Tに記載の小袋製品。
V.物品が、後述の試験4により測定したとき、当該固体シートOCF物品の約0.5重量%~約25重量%、好ましくは約1重量%~約20重量%、より好ましくは約3重量%~約10重量%の最終水分含量を含む、段落A~Uに記載の小袋製品。
W.物品が、後述の試験7により測定したとき、約0.05g/cm3~約0.5g/cm3、好ましくは約0.06g/cm3~約0.4g/cm3、より好ましくは約0.07グラム/cm3~約0.2グラム/cm3、あるいは最も多くは約0.08グラム/cm3~約0.15グラム/cm3の範囲の密度を有する、段落A~Vに記載の小袋製品。
X.物品が、以下に記載される試験8により測定したとき、約0.03m2/g~約0.25m2/g、好ましくは約0.04m2/g~約0.22m2/g、より好ましくは0.05m2/g~0.2m2/g、最も好ましくは0.1m2/g~0.18m2/gの比表面積を有する、段落A~Wに記載の小袋製品。
Y.水溶性ポリマーが、約50,000~約400,000ダルトン、好ましくは約60,000~約300,000ダルトン、より好ましくは約70,000~約200,000ダルトン、最も好ましくは約80,000~約150,000ダルトンの重量平均分子量を有する、段落A~Xに記載の小袋製品。
Z.水溶性ポリマーが、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリアルキレンオキシド、デンプン及びデンプン誘導体、プルラン、ゼラチン、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、メチルセルロース、並びにカルボキシメチルセルロースからなる群から選択される、段落A~Yに記載の小袋製品。別の実施形態では、水溶性ポリマーとしては、ポリビニルアルコール、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、及びこれらの組み合わせを挙げることができる。
Claims (18)
- 連続気泡発泡体を含む固体物品と、表面フィルム及び裏面フィルムを含む生分解性及び/又は家庭で堆肥化可能な小袋とを含む小袋製品であって:
前記表面フィルム及び前記裏面フィルムは、
a.セルロース、酢酸セルロース、金属化セルロース、金属化酢酸セルロースおよびこれらの組みあわせからなる群から選択される材料を含む表面中間層及び裏面中間層と、
b.前記表面中間層に接合された表面内層及び前記裏面中間層に接合された裏面内層であって、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリブチレンサクシネート、ポリブチレンサクシネートアジペート、ポリヒドロキシルアルカノエート、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、カルナバワックス、生分解性熱可塑性デンプン、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される内層材料を含む、表面内層及び裏面内層と、
を含み;
前記小袋は、38℃および90%RHにおいて12~800g/m 2 /日のMVTRを含み;
前記表面内層および裏面内層がポリビニルアルコールを含む際に、前記表面内層および裏面内層は10μm~150μmの厚さを有し;
前記表面内層及び前記裏面内層が、外周の周りで恒久的に接合されてシール部を形成しており、前記シール部は、連続気泡発泡体を含む固体物品を格納するように適合された区画を形成し;
前記連続気泡発泡体は、
前記物品の総重量の10%~40%の水溶性ポリマーと、
前記物品の総重量の5%~80%の、アニオン性界面活性剤、カチオン性界面活性剤、非イオン性界面活性剤、両性界面活性剤、双性イオン性界面活性剤、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される界面活性剤と、
を含み;
前記連続気泡発泡体は、
明細書に記載の試験7にしたがって測定したときに、80%~100%の連続気泡含有率と、
明細書に記載の試験6にしたがって測定したときに、100μm~2000μmの全体平均孔径と、
を有する、
小袋製品。 - 前記表面内層および裏面内層は10μm~150μmの厚さを有する、請求項1に記載の小袋製品。
- 前記表面フィルム及び前記裏面フィルムが、前記表面中間層に接合された表面外層と、前記裏面中間層に接合された裏面外層と、を更に含み、前記表面外層及び前記裏面外層が、生分解性ワックスを含む、請求項1に記載の小袋製品。
- 前記小袋は、表面中間層に接合された表面外層と、裏面中間層に接合された裏面外層とをさらに含み、前記表面外層および裏面外層は、85%超のセルロース含有量を有する紙を含む、請求項1に記載の小袋製品。
- 前記生分解性ワックスが、蜜蝋、ホホバワックス、カルナバワックス、菜種ワックス、ヒマシワックス、キャンデリラワックス、大豆ワックス、パーム油ワックス、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項3に記載の小袋製品。
- 前記内層材料が、ポリビニルアルコール及び/又はポリヒドロキシルアルカノエートを含む、請求項1に記載の小袋製品。
- 前記小袋が、リサイクル可能である、請求項1に記載の小袋製品。
- 前記小袋が、4辺がシールされた小袋である、請求項1に記載の小袋製品。
- 前記小袋が、明細書に記載の試験17にしたがって測定したときに、550mN未満の引裂抵抗を含む、請求項1に記載の小袋製品。
- 前記シール部が、明細書に記載の試験3にしたがって測定したときに、500N/mより大きいシール強度を有する、請求項1に記載の小袋製品。
- 40℃、75%RHで2週間の保管の後、前記物品が、明細書に記載の試験1にしたがって測定したときに、15ストローク未満の手溶解値、および、明細書に記載の試験8にしたがって測定したときに、0.5重量%~25重量%の最終水分含量を含む、請求項1に記載の小袋製品。
- 前記表面中間層および前記裏面中間層は、30~120g/m 2 の坪量を含む、請求項1に記載の小袋製品。
- 前記水溶性ポリマーが、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリアルキレンオキシド、デンプン及びデンプン誘導体、プルラン、ゼラチン、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、メチルセルロース、並びにカルボキシメチルセルロースからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の小袋製品。
- 前記表面内層及び前記裏面内層が、明細書に記載の試験15にしたがって測定したときに、6超の耐グリース性を含む、請求項1に記載の小袋製品。
- 前記表面中間層と前記表面内層との間に接合された追加の層と、前記裏面中間層と前記裏面内層との間に接合された追加の層とを更に含み、前記追加の層が、明細書に記載の試験13にしたがって測定したときに、38℃及び98%RHにおいて300g/m2/日未満のMVTRを有する、請求項1に記載の小袋製品。
- 2週間の期間の保管後、前記小袋製品が、明細書に記載の試験4によって判定される加速安定性を満たす、請求項1に記載の小袋製品。
- 前記表面内層および/または裏面内層は、ポリブチレンサクシネートアジペートを含み、前記ポリブチレンサクシネートアジペートは金属化されている、請求項1に記載の小袋製品。
- 前記表面中間層と前記表面内層との間の表面生分解性接着剤層、および前記裏面中間層と前記裏面内層との間の裏面生分解性接着剤層をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の小袋製品。
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