JP7259923B2 - power management system - Google Patents

Description

The present disclosure relates to power management systems.

Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose power management systems. These systems include a power plant with photovoltaic panels and storage batteries. For example, the control unit of the system of Patent Literature 1 controls the charging power supplied to the storage battery and the power generated by the photovoltaic panel based on the power purchased from the power system. As a result, reverse power flow to the power system can be suppressed.

WO2017/179178 JP 2008-154334 A JP 2004-180467 A

In recent years, technologies related to so-called microgrids have been studied. A microgrid includes a power source, consumers, and a power grid connecting them. In a microgrid, the demand of consumers is covered by the supply of power. Therefore, in a microgrid it is not essential to purchase and supply power from the power grid.

On the other hand, a microgrid may be connected to a power system depending on its operation mode. The power generated in the microgrid may be supplied to the power system (reverse power flow), and the power shortage in the microgrid may be received from the power system. In such a configuration, if the generated power is too large for the load power, an unplanned reverse power flow may occur. Reverse power flow into the power system affects the balance of supply and demand in the power system. Therefore, reverse power flow into the power system needs to be strictly controlled.

Furthermore, a photovoltaic power generation facility can be mentioned as a power source provided in a microgrid. A photovoltaic power generation device is easily affected by the surrounding environment such as the weather. In other words, the generated power may fluctuate depending on the surrounding environment. Even under such circumstances, it is required to maintain the balance between the generated power and the load power in the microgrid.

This disclosure describes a power management system that can manage the balance between generated power and load power in a desired manner.

The power management system of the present disclosure is a power management system that adjusts actual generated power output by power generation equipment including a solar power generation device and load power consumed by load equipment connected to the power generation equipment, A solar radiation measuring device provided adjacent to the photovoltaic power generation device to measure the amount of solar radiation received by the photovoltaic power generation device, and a control device outputting a control command including a command for load equipment, , a preprocessing unit that outputs information used to generate the control command, and a command generation unit that outputs the control command based on the information output by the preprocessing unit, wherein the preprocessing unit is based on the amount of solar radiation and a prediction unit that outputs the power that the power generation facility is expected to be able to output as expected power generation, and the command generation unit sends a control command including a command to increase or decrease the load power to the load facility based on the expected power generation. Includes output load command part.

In this power management system, the prediction unit of the control device outputs power that is expected to be output by the power generation equipment as expected power generation based on the amount of solar radiation measured by the solar radiation measuring device. A command generation unit of the control device generates a control command to be provided to the load equipment based on the expected power generation. As a result, the balance between the power generated by the power generation equipment and the load power of the load equipment can be managed in a desired manner.

The load command unit of the control device of the power management system may output a control command including a command to make the load power equal to or greater than the expected generated power to the load facility. According to this configuration, it is possible to reliably suppress the outflow of electric power (reverse power flow) to the electric power system.

The load command unit of the power management system may output a control command including a command to make the load power smaller than the expected generated power to the load facility. According to this configuration, it is possible to control the outflow of electric power to the electric power system in a desired manner.

The above power management system includes a power system connection device that connects the power generation equipment and the load equipment to the power system and measures the reverse power flow power flowing out to the power system, and the load command unit measures the reverse power flow power and the reverse power flow threshold You may output a control command based on. According to this configuration, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of power outflow (reverse power flow) to the power system.

In the power management system described above, the reverse power flow threshold may be set according to a value obtained by dividing the actual generated power by the number of photovoltaic power generation devices in operation in the power generation facility. According to this setting, the threshold is set according to the power generated by one photovoltaic power generation device. Then, power that can increase purchased power by stopping only one photovoltaic power generation device is determined. As a result, the margin can be cut and the threshold can be lowered.

The load facility of the power management system has at least one of a hydrogen production device that produces hydrogen using the actually generated power and a heat generator that uses the actually generated power to generate heat, and the control command is At least one of a command for adjusting the amount of hydrogen production and a command for adjusting the amount of heat generated may be included. Accordingly, by increasing or decreasing at least one of the amount of hydrogen production and the amount of heat generation, the balance between the actual generated power and the load power can be maintained with high accuracy.

The above power management system includes a power system connection device that connects the power generation equipment and the load equipment to the power system and measures the purchased power flowing from the power system, and the command generation unit generates a control command based on the purchased power. The number commander may output a control command including a command to determine the number of photovoltaic power generation devices in operation based on the purchased power to the power generation facility. According to this configuration, reverse power flow to the power system can be reliably suppressed.

The preprocessing unit of the power management system includes a coefficient unit that outputs a coefficient obtained by dividing the number of all photovoltaic power generation devices in the power generation facility by the number of photovoltaic power generation devices that are in operation, and an actual power generation A correction unit that outputs a corrected generated power that is the corrected actual generated power by multiplying the power by a coefficient, an evaluation unit that outputs an evaluation power for evaluating the corrected generated power in a predetermined period, and a corrected generated power and the evaluated power. and an evaluation difference unit that outputs an evaluation difference that is a difference between and. Thereby, the corrected generated power can be calculated in consideration of the number of photovoltaic power generation devices that are outputting generated power. As a result, it is possible to maintain a better balance between the generated power and the load power.

In the above, the evaluated power may be a moving average value of the corrected generated power for a predetermined period.

In the above, the load facility has a power storage device, the command generation unit of the power management system includes an evaluation command unit that outputs a control command based on the evaluation difference, and the evaluation command unit outputs the corrected generated power to the evaluated power A control command including a command to charge the power storage device when the evaluation difference indicates that it is larger than the power storage device, or a command to discharge the power storage device when the evaluation difference indicates that the corrected generated power is smaller than the evaluation power. You may output to an electrical storage apparatus. As a result, it is possible to realize smoothing of the actually generated electric power by charging and discharging the power storage device. Therefore, it is possible to reliably maintain the balance between the generated power and the load power.

In the above, the load equipment has a power storage device, the power management system has a power system connection device that connects the power generation equipment and the load equipment to the power system and measures the purchased power flowing in from the power system, and the command generation unit and a power storage command unit outputting a control command based on the purchased power, the power storage command unit outputting a first power storage command to the power storage device when the purchased power is smaller than the charging threshold, or the purchased power is discharged. If it is greater than the threshold, a second power storage command is output to the power storage device, and the first power storage command causes the power storage device to charge at a first charging rate, and then charges the power storage device to a second charge that is slower than the first charging rate. The second power storage command is a command to discharge the power storage device at a second discharge speed slower than the first discharge speed after discharging the power storage device at the first discharge speed. may According to this configuration, it is possible to suitably control the purchased power.

The above power management system includes a power system connection device that connects the power generation equipment and the load equipment to the power system and measures the purchased power flowing from the power system, and the command generation unit generates a control command based on the purchased power. including a capacity command unit for outputting, the capacity command unit causes the power generation equipment to output at a first output speed when the purchased power is smaller than the capacity threshold, and then causes the power generation equipment to operate at a second output speed lower than the first output speed. A control command including a command to perform output operation at the output speed may be output to the power generation equipment. Purchased power can be suitably controlled also by this configuration.

The capacity command unit of the above power management system outputs a control command including a command to output all the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation device as actual generated power to the power generation equipment when the purchased power is greater than the capacity threshold. may As a result, the actual power generated by the power generation facility can be maximized without frequently restarting the photovoltaic power generation device of the power generation facility.

According to the power management system of the present disclosure, the balance between generated power and load power can be managed in a desired manner.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to an embodiment. 2 is a schematic diagram of the power plant of FIG. 1; FIG. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the power management system of the embodiment. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the purchased power and the number threshold for number control. Part (a) of FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the purchased power and the capacity threshold for capacity control. Part (b) of FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the actual generated power indicated by the capacity command regarding capacity control. Part (a) of FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the purchased power and the charging threshold for power storage control. Part (b) of FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the charge power indicated by the charge command regarding the power storage control. Part (a) of FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the purchased power and the discharge threshold for power storage control. Part (b) of FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the discharge power indicated by the discharge command regarding the power storage control. FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating operations performed by the control device.

Hereinafter, embodiments for implementing the power management system of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the drawings, the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and overlapping descriptions are omitted.

<Micro grid>
As shown in FIG. 1, power management system 1 is used in microgrid 100 . The microgrid 100 includes a power generation facility 110, a load facility 120, a consumer 130, and a power grid connecting them. In the microgrid 100 , the load equipment 120 and the consumer 130 consume the power output by the power generation equipment 110 . In the following description, such a relationship between power supply and demand is referred to as so-called "local production for local consumption." The power management system 1 controls the power generated by the power generation equipment 110 and the load power of the load equipment 120 .

Ideally, the microgrid 100 is operated so that the power generated by the power generation equipment 110 and the load power of the load equipment 120 and the consumer 130 are equal. That is, the power management system 1 adjusts the generated power and the load power. The power management system 1 basically adjusts the generated power and the load power so that the generated power does not exceed the load power.

Microgrid 100 may be connected to power grid 200 as needed. In this case, the insufficient power can be received from power system 200 . On the other hand, the outflow of power from the microgrid 100 to the power grid 200 (so-called reverse power flow) affects the balance between power supply and demand in the power grid 200 . Therefore, reverse power flow is basically not generated.

Note that the microgrid 100 may flexibly change its operation mode. The microgrid 100 may provide all of its power demand from the power plant 110 or may receive a portion of the power demand from the power grid 200 . In addition, the microgrid 100 may consume all the generated power by the load equipment 120 and the consumer 130 , or reversely flow part of the generated power to the power grid 200 .

As shown in FIG. 2 , power generation equipment 110 as a power source includes a plurality of power generation units 111 (solar power generation devices), connection lines 112 , and output lines 113 . The power generation facility 110 includes, for example, multiple power generation units 111 . Output ends of the power generation units 111 are connected to connection lines 112 respectively. An input end of an output line 113 is also connected to the connection line 112 . Therefore, the power generated by the power generation unit 111 is transmitted to the input end of the output line 113 through the connection line 112 and output from the output end of the power generation equipment 110 to the power grid. The power generation equipment 110 stores information about the power it is outputting (hereinafter “actual generated power θ1”) and information about the number of power generation panels 114 that are outputting power (hereinafter “operating number θ2”) to the power management system. Send to 1.

The power generation unit 111 includes a power generation panel 114, a power conditioner 115, an electromagnetic switch 116, and a circuit breaker 117 for wiring.

The power generation panel 114 outputs power generated by receiving sunlight to the power conditioner 115 .

The power conditioner 115 is connected to the output of the power generation panel 114 and the input of the electromagnetic switch 116 . The power conditioner 115 receives DC power from the power generation panel 114 . The power conditioner 115 converts the DC power into desired AC power. The power conditioner 115 then outputs AC power to the electromagnetic switch 116 .

The electromagnetic switch 116 is connected to the output of the power conditioner 115 and the input of the circuit breaker 117 for wiring. The electromagnetic switch 116 controls supply and stop of electric power from the power conditioner 115 to the circuit breaker 117 for wiring using an electromagnetic contactor (MC). This power supply and stop control is based on the control command (number command φ2) of the power management system 1 . In other words, the electromagnetic switch 116 controls whether or not to supply the power generated by the power generation panel 114 to the load side. For example, when power is supplied to the load side, the electromagnetic switch 116 is closed. On the other hand, when power is not supplied to the load side, the electromagnetic switch 116 is opened. For example, when increasing the output power of the power generation equipment 110, the number of closed electromagnetic switches 116 is increased. On the other hand, when the output power of the power generation equipment 110 is to be decreased, the number of closed electromagnetic switches 116 is decreased.

A wiring breaker 117 (Molded Case Circuit Breaker; MCCB) is connected to each of the plurality of electromagnetic switches 116 . The circuit breaker 117, which is a so-called breaker, cuts off the power supply from the power generation panel 114 when an overcurrent occurs in the power grid of the load equipment 120 and the consumer 130 on the load side.

Refer to FIG. 1 again. The load equipment 120 is connected to the power generation equipment 110 . The load equipment 120 uses the power received from the power generation equipment 110 to perform desired operations. The load facility 120 transmits information indicating load power (hereinafter “load power θ3”) to the power management system 1 . Information about the load power of the consumer 130 is transmitted to the power management system 1 as the load power θ4. The load facility 120 has a power storage device 121 , a hydrogen production device 122 and a heat generation device 123 .

The power storage device 121 is connected to the power generation equipment 110 . The power storage device 121 charges and discharges the power generated by the power generation equipment 110 . The power storage device 121 receives the control commands (power storage command φ4, evaluation command φ5) of the power management system 1, and charges and discharges according to the control commands. The power storage device 121 is, for example, a stationary power storage device. The power storage device 121 is, for example, a lithium ion battery (LiB).

The hydrogen production device 122 produces hydrogen from the power generated by the power generation equipment 110 . The hydrogen production device 122 has, for example, a water electrolysis device that produces hydrogen by electrolyzing water, and a storage device that stores the produced hydrogen. The hydrogen production device 122 receives a control command (load command φ1) from the power management system 1 and increases or decreases the amount of hydrogen produced according to the control command. The hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device 122 is supplied to, for example, the fuel cell vehicle V or the fuel cell power generation device B or the like. The hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device 122 may be converted into another energy carrier C and stored, for example.

The heat generator 123 generates heat from the power generated by the power generation equipment 110 . The heat generator 123 is, for example, an electric boiler. The heat generator 123 generates steam by heating water, for example. The heat generator 123 receives a control command (load command φ1) from the power management system 1 and increases or decreases the amount of heat generated according to the control command. The steam generated by the heat generator 123 is supplied to the drying equipment W as heat, for example. The steam generated by the heat generator 123 may be supplied to a biofuel production device or the like.

In this way, the load equipment 120 converts the energy of electric power generated by the power generation equipment 110 using the power storage device 121, the hydrogen production device 122, and the heat generation device 123, and stores or supplies the converted energy.

<Power management system>
The power management system 1 has a solar radiation measurement device 2 , a power system connection device 3 , and a control device 4 .

The solar radiation measuring device 2 is provided adjacent to the power generation panel 114 . The solar radiation measuring device 2 measures the amount of solar radiation with which the power generation panel 114 is irradiated. The solar radiation measurement device 2 is, for example, a pyranometer that converts solar radiation into an electric command using a thermoelectric element or a photoelectric element. The solar radiation measuring device 2 continuously measures the solar radiation, for example. The solar radiation measuring device 2 transmits data indicating the solar radiation (hereinafter referred to as “solar radiation θ5”) to the control device 4 . One solar radiation measurement device 2 may be provided for a plurality of power generation panels 114 , or may be provided for each power generation panel 114 .

The power system connection device 3 is an interface with the power system 200 . The power system connection device 3 is provided on a transmission line between the power generation equipment 110 and the load equipment 120 . The power system connection device 3 receives supply of power from the power system 200 and passes power to the power system 200 . The power system connection device 3 has a connection section 3a, a reverse power flow measurement section 3b, and a purchased power measurement section 3c.

The connecting portion 3 a is provided on the transmission line between the power generation equipment 110 and the load equipment 120 . The connection unit 3a includes an input end for receiving power from the power generation equipment 110, an input end for receiving power from the power system 200, an output end for outputting power to the load equipment 120, and an output end for outputting power to the power system 200. including ends.

The reverse power flow measurement unit 3b is connected to an output terminal that outputs power to the power system 200. FIG. The reverse power flow measuring unit 3 b measures power of reverse power flow from the power generation facility 110 to the power system 200 . The reverse power flow measuring unit 3b continuously measures the power of the reverse power flow. The reverse power flow measuring unit 3 b transmits data of the power of the reverse power flow (hereinafter referred to as “reverse power flow power θ6”) to the control device 4 . The reverse power flow measurement unit 3b is, for example, a power meter.

Purchased power measurement unit 3 c is connected to an input terminal that receives power from power system 200 . Purchased power measurement unit 3 c measures purchased power from power system 200 . The purchased power measuring unit 3c continuously measures the purchased power. The purchased power measurement unit 3c transmits data of purchased power (hereinafter referred to as “purchased power θ7”) to the control device 4 . The purchased power measurement unit 3c is, for example, a power meter.

The control device 4 is, for example, a computer configured by hardware such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), ROM (Read Only Memory), and RAM (Random Access Memory), and software such as programs stored in the ROM. The control device 4 generates control commands for controlling the power generation equipment 110 and the load equipment 120 .

As shown in FIG. 3, the control device 4 has a preprocessing unit 10, a command generation unit 20, and a storage unit 30 as functional components. The preprocessing unit 10 acquires necessary raw data from devices and equipment that constitute the microgrid 100 . Next, the preprocessing unit 10 performs desired arithmetic processing on the raw data to generate processed data. Then, the preprocessing unit 10 outputs the processed data to the instruction generation unit 20 . The command generator 20 uses the processed data to generate control commands for the devices and facilities that make up the microgrid 100 . The command generator 20 then outputs the control command to each device and facility.

The preprocessing unit 10 has a prediction unit 11 , a coefficient unit 12 , a correction unit 13 , an evaluation unit 14 and an evaluation difference unit 15 .

The prediction unit 11 receives the solar radiation amount θ5 from the solar radiation measuring device 2 . Based on the amount of solar radiation θ5, the prediction unit 11 outputs the power expected to be output by the power generation equipment 110 as the expected generated power θ8. The prediction unit 11 then outputs the expected power generation θ8 to the command generation unit 20 . The prediction unit 11 obtains the expected power generation θ8 based on the solar radiation amount θ5 and the atmospheric temperature. The prediction unit 11 may correct the expected generated power θ8 using a solar radiation intensity coefficient related to the incident angle of sunlight or a temperature correction coefficient related to atmospheric temperature. The solar radiation intensity coefficient and temperature correction coefficient can be set as required.

By the way, in the distributed power generation equipment 110 that controls the occurrence of reverse power flow, it is not possible to determine the extent of the surplus power by monitoring only the actually generated power. This is because the actual generated power θ1 of the power generation equipment 110 is controlled using a threshold for preventing reverse power flow (reverse power flow threshold). Therefore, using the solar radiation amount θ5, the specification value of the power generation panel 114, and the atmospheric temperature, the maximum power generation capacity when the solar radiation amount θ5 is measured is calculated as a power generation capability index (expected power generation θ8). By using the expected power generation θ8 as an index and the control command φ to the load equipment 120, it is possible to realize “local production for local consumption control” for the power generation equipment 110. FIG. For example, the output of a general solar panel is defined by module temperature, incident angle, and solar radiation intensity. Therefore, if the atmospheric temperature and the solar radiation intensity (solar radiation amount θ5) when the solar radiation amount θ5 is measured are known, the power generation capacity can be easily calculated. In calculating the power generation capacity, correction based on the angle of incidence of the sun and the panel temperature may be performed. Alternatively, the correction coefficient may be determined by empirically comparing with the power generation amount of the actual machine. The power generation facility 110 may have various variations such as the number of power generation units 111 . Even with the power generation equipment 110 having such various variations, the power generation capacity can basically be calculated by the above method. Further, there may be a difference between the actual power generation amount and the calculated power generation amount depending on the incident angle of sunlight. In that case, it may be corrected as appropriate using a correction coefficient or the like.

Note that the expected power generation θ8 may be the power expected to be output by the power generation equipment 110 when the amount of solar radiation θ5 is measured (hereinafter referred to as “reference time”). Further, the expected power generation θ8 may be the power that the power generation equipment 110 is expected to be able to output after a predetermined time has passed since the solar radiation amount θ5 was measured. The "predetermined time" here means the time that has passed since the reference time.

By the way, the power generation panel 114 is easily affected by the weather. For example, when sunlight is blocked by clouds, the output of the power generation panel 114 is significantly reduced. The control device 4 generates a control command for mitigating variations in output caused by weather changes. In the unit number control for preventing reverse power flow, which will be described later, a unit number command φ2 for increasing or decreasing the number of operating units is output in response to fluctuations in the minimum purchase power that do not cause reverse power flow. In sunny weather, the generated power is relatively stable. However, in reality, very fast and large repetitive power generation fluctuations occur. For example, the maximum amount of fluctuation in power generation may fluctuate within a range of 50% or more and 70% or less of the power generation rating in a few seconds. As a result, there may be many cases where all power generation units 111 are stopped.

Therefore, the difference between the moving average value of the power generation amount of the power generation equipment 110 and the actual power generation θ1 is compensated for by charging/discharging the power storage device 121 . As a result, the power generation amount can be smoothed. It should be noted that the purpose of this control is not to smooth power generation fluctuations, but to easily execute control so that the purchased power θ7 does not deviate from the contracted range. However, when the power generation equipment 110 controls the number of units, it is not appropriate to use a simple moving average value of the actual generated power θ1 as a reference. This is because, as will be detailed later, changes in the actual generated power θ1 can be affected not only by weather but also by number control. Therefore, the power management system 1 provides a method of calculating a moving average value that can be suitably applied to smoothing the power generation amount in the number-controlled operation. This calculation is performed by the coefficient unit 12 , the correction unit 13 , the evaluation unit 14 , the evaluation difference unit 15 and the command generation unit 20 .

The moving average of the amount of power generation in the present disclosure is not a simple moving average of instantaneous values of the amount of power generation, but a moving average according to the number of power generation units 111 in operation. The function of smoothing generated power compensates for changes in the amount of power generated due to temporary changes in the intensity of sunlight by charging and discharging from the power storage device 121 . As a result, fluctuations in the purchased power θ7 are suppressed, so that changes in the number of units in operation are suppressed. However, if the number of units in operation is reduced by controlling the number of units, the amount of power generation also decreases. If this is compensated for by discharging, the purchased power θ7 may not increase by the amount corresponding to the decrease in the number of units. As a result, it is contrary to the intended movement of the number control. Therefore, the power generation amount moving average value, which is the standard for the smoothing function, always calculates the influence of the number of units in operation. As a result, the original number control can be preferably executed. Note that this method may be applied not only to control the number of units, but also to prevent reverse power flow by continuous output control.

The coefficient unit 12 receives from the power generation equipment 110 the number of operating power generation panels 114 that are outputting power (operating) among the power generation panels 114 . Further, the coefficient unit 12 receives the total number θ9 of all power generation panels 114 included in the power generation facility 110 from the storage unit 30 of the control device 4 . Next, the coefficient unit 12 obtains a correction coefficient θ11 by dividing the total number of units θ9 by the number of operating units θ2 (θ11=θ9/θ2). Then, the coefficient section 12 outputs the correction coefficient θ11 to the correction section 13 .

Correction unit 13 receives correction coefficient θ11 from coefficient unit 12 . Further, the correction unit 13 receives the actual generated power θ1 from the power generation equipment 110 . The correction unit 13 multiplies the actual generated power θ1 by the correction coefficient θ11 to obtain the corrected generated power θ12 (θ12=θ1×θ11). Then, the correction unit 13 outputs the corrected generated power θ12 to the storage unit 30 .

The evaluation unit 14 receives a plurality of corrected generated powers θ12 included in a predetermined period from the storage unit 30 . The evaluation unit 14 uses a plurality of corrected generated powers θ12 to calculate moving average power θ13 as evaluation power. That is, the evaluation unit 14 calculates the moving average of the corrected power generation θ12. The evaluation unit 14 then outputs the moving average power θ<b>13 to the evaluation difference unit 15 . Note that the evaluation unit 14 may output a value based on a method other than the moving average as the evaluation value. For example, the evaluation unit 14 may output a value obtained by applying a filter (for example, a first-order lag filter) to the corrected power generation θ12 as an evaluation value. Moreover, the evaluation unit 14 may output a simple average of the corrected power generation θ12 as an evaluation value.

Evaluation difference unit 15 receives moving average power θ13 from evaluation unit 14 . Also, the evaluation difference unit 15 receives the latest corrected power generation θ12 from the storage unit 30 or the correction unit 13 . The evaluation difference unit 15 obtains an average difference θ14 (evaluation difference) between the latest corrected power generation θ12 and the moving average power θ13. Then, the evaluation difference unit 15 outputs the average difference θ14 as processing data to the command generation unit 20 . Note that the average difference θ14 may be a value obtained by subtracting the moving average power θ13 from the latest corrected power generation θ12.

The command generation unit 20 generates a control command φ based on data received from the preprocessing unit 10 and the power system connection device 3 . The command generator 20 outputs the control command φ to the power generation equipment 110 and the load equipment 120 . The command generator 20 includes a load commander 21 , a number commander 22 , a capacity commander 23 , a power storage commander 24 , and an evaluation commander 25 .

<Load command part>
The load command unit 21 generates a load command φ1 for the load equipment 120 . Load command unit 21 receives expected power generation θ8 from preprocessing unit 10 . The load command unit 21 generates a load command φ1 as the control command φ based on the expected generated power θ8. Then, load command unit 21 outputs load command φ1 to load facility 120 .

According to such load control, the surplus power of the power generation equipment 110 can be minimized. Specifically, the estimated power generation θ8 that can be generated by the power generation equipment 110 is predicted from the amount of solar radiation θ5. Then, by operating the load equipment 120 so as to match the expected generated power θ8, it is possible to appropriately change the load power in the microgrid 100 . That is, the power generation utilization rate can be increased. In other words, it is possible to achieve “land consumption” that matches the “solar radiation amount θ5”. When the "local consumption" increases, the purchased power θ7 also increases. As a result, the number of power generation units 111 in operation increases corresponding to the increase in purchased power θ7, so "local production for local consumption" is achieved.

The load command unit 21 uses the expected generated power θ8 to calculate the load command φ1. The load command φ1 is a required load power θ3d that is requested as a value to be consumed by the load facility 120 . The lowest load at which the purchased power θ7 does not reversely flow is set as the minimum purchased power θ7min. Then, the required load power θ3d as the load command φ1 is calculated using the following equation (1). In the formula (1), the expected generated power θ8 and the minimum purchased power θ7min are known values. Therefore, the required load power θ3d can be determined so as to satisfy the following formula (1). Note that equation (1) may include the load power θ4 of the consumer 130 as the fixed load power θ4c. Since the consumer 130 does not accept the control command φ, the fixed load power θ4c is an assumed fixed value.
Expected generated power θ8 + minimum purchased power θ7 min = required load power θ3d + fixed load power θ4c (1)

Here, an operation that does not allow reverse power flow or an operation that allows reverse power flow may be selected according to the set value of the minimum purchased power θ7min. If the reverse power flow is not permitted, the minimum purchased power θ7min is set to a positive numerical value. At this time, ignoring the fixed load power .theta.4c and paying attention to the magnitude relationship between the expected generated power .theta.8 and the required load power .theta.3d results in the following equation. In other words, the case where the reverse power flow is not allowed can be rephrased as setting the required load power θ3d to be equal to or greater than the expected generated power θ8.
Expected generated power θ8≦required load power θ3d (2)

On the other hand, when allowing reverse power flow, the minimum purchased power θ7min is set to a negative value. At this time, ignoring the fixed load power .theta.4c and paying attention to the magnitude relationship between the expected generated power .theta.8 and the required load power .theta.3d results in the following equation. In other words, the case where reverse power flow is permitted can be rephrased as making the required load power θ3d smaller than the expected generated power θ8.
Expected generated power θ8>required load power θ3d (3)

The load command φ1 may be the required load power θ3d itself. Also, the load command φ1 may be the difference from the required load power θ3d one step before. For example, when the sign of the difference is positive, the command is to increase the load power. The load increase command increases the load power θ3 of the load facility 120 . The load increase command includes a command to charge the power storage device 121 (charge command), a command to increase the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device 122 (hydrogen increase command), and a command to increase the amount of heat generated by the heat generation device 123. (Heat increase command). Conversely, if the sign of the difference is negative, the command is to decrease the load power. The load reduction command reduces the load power θ3 of the load equipment 120 . The load reduction command includes a command to discharge the power storage device 121 (discharge command), a command to decrease the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device 122 (hydrogen decrease command), and a command to reduce the amount of heat generated by the heat generation device 123. (heat reduction command).

In load control, the basic concept of load distribution is as follows. First, the load facility 120, which is a renewable energy conversion facility, defines a heat generator 123 and a hydrogen production device 122. As shown in FIG. The load facility 120 is operated by a positive/negative demand/response command as the load command φ1. A load that does not accept a positive/negative demand response (load command φ1) is assumed to be a fixed load. The fixed load is assumed to be an assumed fixed value for the expected generated power θ8, and the load command φ1 to the load facility 120 is set so that the purchased power θ7 from the power system 200 to the microgrid 100 is the minimum load at which reverse power flow does not occur. Determine the load command φ1 to . Also, not all the load facilities 120 are always in operation. For example, when some of the load facilities 120 are in a stopped state, it is added to the load command φ1 to the load facilities 120 in operation. By setting as described above, it is possible to put the load facility 120 into a high operating state when the expected generated power θ8 is high. As a result, the purchased power θ7 temporarily increases. However, the number of units in operation increases due to the number control. Therefore, "local production for local consumption" of generated power is realized.

Further, the load command unit 21 may output the load command φ1 to the load facility 120 using the reverse power flow power θ6 and the reverse power flow threshold. Here, the reverse power flow threshold may be set according to a value (θ1/θ2) obtained by dividing the actual generated power θ1 by the number θ2 of the power generation panels 114 in operation in the power generation equipment 110 . According to this setting, the threshold is set according to the power generated per power generation panel 114 . Then, the power that can increase the purchased power by stopping only one power generation panel 114 is determined. As a result, the margin can be cut and the threshold can be lowered.

Also, the reverse power flow threshold may be set according to the number of power generation units 111 in operation in the power generation facility 110 . In this case, the lower limit value of the reverse power flow threshold may be set to 0 kW or more in a state where 0 kW or more of power is always purchased from the existing system. Furthermore, assuming that the actual generated power θ1 of the power generation equipment 110 is zero kilowatts, the upper limit may be set to the lowest average load equivalent power in the grid.

<Number of units command part>
The number command unit 22 controls the number of power generation facilities 110 . The actual power generation θ1 of the power generation equipment 110 in the number control is controlled by the number of the power generation units 111 that output power. In other words, in the number control, the power balance is maintained by controlling the number of power generation units 111 that output power.

For example, when the output of the power generation equipment 110 is set to 100%, all the power generation units 111 are caused to output electric power. For example, when the output of the power generation equipment 110 is set to 50%, power is output from half the power generation units 111 . In other words, looking at each power generation unit 111, the power generation unit 111 either outputs all power or does not output power at all. For such control, the electromagnetic switch 116 included in the power generation unit 111 is used. Therefore, the number command φ2 output by the number command unit 22 includes information regarding the number of power generation units 111 to be operated (output power). Note that the number command φ2 may be information regarding the number of the power generation units 111 that are not operated (not outputting electric power).

The number command unit 22 outputs a number command φ2 for the power generation equipment 110 . The number commanding unit 22 receives the purchased power θ7 from the purchased power measuring unit 3c. The number command unit 22 outputs a number command φ2 based on the purchased power θ7. Then, the number command unit 22 outputs the number command φ2 to the electromagnetic switch 116 of the power generation equipment 110 . The number command φ2 is provided to the electromagnetic switch 116 of the power generation facility 110 . For example, the number command φ2 opens a predetermined number of electromagnetic switches 116 and closes the remaining electromagnetic switches 116 .

As shown in FIG. 4, the unit number command unit 22 compares the purchased power θ7 with some number threshold values T7a, T7b, and T7c. When the purchased power θ7 is greater than the number threshold T7a (marker M1a), the number command unit 22 outputs a command to increase the number of operating machines. When the purchased power θ7 is equal to or less than the number threshold T7a and greater than the number threshold T7b (marker M1b), the number command unit 22 outputs a command to maintain the number of operating units. When the purchased power θ7 is equal to or less than the number threshold T7b and greater than the number threshold T7c (marker M1c), the number command unit 22 outputs a number command φ2 for reducing the number of operating units. Furthermore, when the purchased power θ7 is equal to or less than the number threshold value T7c (marker M1d), the number command unit 22 outputs a command to set the number of operating units to zero.

In short, the above-described number control is reverse power flow prevention control in distributed power generation equipment. A distributed power generation facility 110 includes a plurality of small power conditioners 115 . The power generation equipment 110 collects the output of the power conditioner 115 to the AC final switchboard. The power generation equipment 110 then supplies AC power to the microgrid 100 via a transformer. When the purchased power θ7 is smaller than the number threshold value T7b, a predetermined number of power conditioners 115 in operation are stopped. Further, when the purchased power θ7 is sufficiently high (equal to or greater than the number threshold value T7a), a predetermined number of power conditioners 115 that are stopped are operated. By such number control, the automatically stopped power conditioners 115 are placed in a standby state after a certain period of time has passed. The standby state is a state in which a transition from stop to operation can be made according to the number command φ2. The number of power conditioners 115 may be several tens (for example, about 40). A number command φ2 is generated so that the number of starts and stops is equal to all of the plurality of power conditioners 115 . When the purchased power θ7 becomes extremely low (below the number threshold value T7c), a number command φ2 for temporarily stopping all power conditioners 115 is output. As a result, reverse power flow can be prevented.

<Capacity command part>
As described above, in the number control, the power output from the power generation equipment 110 was in accordance with the number of power generation units 111 that output power (the number of units in operation). In other words, in the number control, the number of operating power generation units 111 is controlled in order to balance the power generated in the microgrid 100 and the load power. In this case, from the viewpoint of power generation utilization efficiency, there may be a case where the number control alone is not sufficient. On the other hand, in the power management system 1, from the viewpoint of the utilization efficiency of power generation, by performing the above-described load control, "local consumption" that matches the so-called "local production" is realized, so the improvement of the utilization efficiency is guaranteed. are doing. In capacity control, the power output from the power generation facility 110 corresponds to the output ratio of each power generation unit 111 . In other words, in capacity control, the power balance is maintained by controlling the output ratio of each power generation unit 111 .

For example, when setting the output of the power generation facility 110 to 100%, the output of all the power generation units 111 is set to 100%. For example, when the output of the power generation equipment 110 is set to 50%, the output of all the power generation units 111 is set to 50%. A load suppression function of the power conditioner 115 is used for such control. Accordingly, the capacity command φ3 output by the capacity command unit 23 includes information regarding the load suppression function of the power conditioner 115 .

Capacity command unit 23 generates capacity command φ3 as control command φ for power generation equipment 110 . Capacity command unit 23 receives purchased power θ7 from purchased power measurement unit 3c. Capacity command unit 23 generates capacity command φ3 based on purchased power θ7. Capacity command unit 23 then outputs a capacity command φ3 to power conditioner 115 . The capacity command unit 23 outputs a capacity command φ3 using the purchased power θ7 and a capacity threshold value T7d that is the minimum set value of the purchased power θ7.

The capacity command unit 23 outputs a command to set the output of all the power generation units 111 to 100% when the purchased power θ7 is greater than the capacity threshold value T7d. The state in which the output of the power generation unit 111 is 100% means the same as setting the power conditioner 115 to its rated maximum value.

The capacity command unit 23 outputs a command to suppress the output of all the power generation units 111 to a predetermined value when the purchased power θ7 is smaller than the capacity threshold value T7d. The output of the power generation unit 111 is set so as to satisfy the requirement that the purchased power θ7 be brought close to the minimum set value (capacity threshold T7d).

Here, when suppressing the output of the power generation unit 111, the capacity command unit 23 outputs a capacity command φ3 that makes the output history of the power generation equipment 110 in the following manner. As shown in FIG. 5, the capacity command φ3 causes the power generation equipment 110 to operate at the first output speed when the purchased power θ7 (graph G5a) is smaller than the capacity threshold value T7d, and then the power generation equipment 110 is operated at the first output speed. Output operation is performed at a second output speed slower than the output speed. In other words, first, when the purchased power θ7 is smaller than the capacity threshold value T7d, the capacity command unit 23 changes the actual generated power θ1 (graph G5b) from the first output power PP1 to the second output power PP2 in the first output period PT1. change up to Next, the capacity command unit 23 changes the actual generated power θ1 from the second output power PP2 to the first output power PP1 in the second output period PT2. Here, the first output period PT1 is shorter than the second output period PT2.

Specifically, as shown in part (a) of FIG. 5 , when the purchased electric power θ7 becomes smaller than the capacity threshold value T7d (time PR1), the capacity command unit 23 commands the output of the power generation equipment 110 to decrease stepwise. (Line segment PL7a) is output to power generation equipment 110 . More specifically, capacity command unit 23 outputs to power generation equipment 110 a command to change from first output power PP1 to second output power PP2 in a very short time (first output period PT1). In response to this change, the purchased power θ7 begins to rise. Capacity command unit 23 outputs a command (line segment PL7b) to maintain second output power PP2 to power generation equipment 110 . The period during which the second output power PP2 is maintained may be a predetermined set period, or may be until the purchased power θ7 becomes greater than the capacity threshold T7d. For example, when the purchased power θ7 becomes larger than the capacity threshold value T7d (time PR2), the capacity command unit 23 issues a command (line segment PL7c) to the power generation equipment 110 to gradually increase the actual generated power θ1 of the power generation equipment 110. Output. This rate of increase in output with respect to time (second output speed) is smaller than the rate of decrease in output with respect to time (first output speed) when decreasing from first output power PP1 to second output power PP2. In other words, the capacity command unit 23 provides the power generation facility 110 with a command to restore from the second output power PP2 to the first output power PP1 in a second output period PT2 longer than the first output period PT1.

It is possible that the purchased power θ7 becomes smaller than the capacity threshold value T7d again during the period in which the output power PP1 is restored to the first output power PP1. In this case, when the purchased power θ7 becomes smaller than the capacity threshold value T7d again (time PR3), the command (line segment PL7d) to instantaneously decrease the actual generated power θ1 to the third output power PP3 is issued to the power generation equipment 110. output to At this time, the amount of power decrease may be obtained by adding the difference between the first output power PP1 and the second output power PP2 to the current power. After this period, a command (line segment PL7e) obtained by adding graph L7A and graph L7B is output to power generation equipment 110. FIG. Graph L7A and graph L7B each show the corrected discharge command when the capacity threshold exceeds the lower limit.

<Power storage command unit>
Power storage command unit 24 generates power storage command φ4 for power storage device 121 . Power storage command unit 24 receives purchased power θ7 from purchased power measurement unit 3c. The power storage command unit 24 generates a power storage command φ4 based on the purchased power θ7. Then, power storage command unit 24 outputs power storage command φ4 to power storage device 121 . The power storage command unit 24 outputs a power storage command φ4 using the purchased power θ7, the charge threshold T7e, and the discharge threshold T7f.

A case where the purchased power θ7 is small means a case where the actual generated power θ1 is large. In the above-described number control and capacity control, when the actual generated power θ1 is large, the output of the power generation equipment 110 is suppressed. The power storage command unit 24 maintains the power balance by charging the power storage device 121 with surplus power without suppressing the output of the power generation equipment 110 .

As shown in FIG. 6, the power storage command unit 24 outputs a command to charge the power storage device 121 with surplus power when the purchased power θ7 (graph G6a) is smaller than the charging threshold T7e. The charging power of the power storage device 121 is set so as to satisfy the requirement that the purchased power θ7 be brought close to the charging threshold T7e.

Here, when controlling the charging power of the power storage device 121, the power storage command unit 24 outputs the first power storage command φ4 (graph G6b) in which the history of the charging power of the power storage device 121 is as follows. The first power storage command φ4 causes power storage device 121 to charge at a first charging speed and then charge power storage device 121 at a second charging speed slower than the first charging speed. In other words, the power storage command unit 24 changes the charging power from the first charging power CP1 to the second charging power CP2 in the first charging period CT1. Next, the power storage command unit 24 changes the charging power from the second charging power CP2 to the first charging power CP1 in the second charging period CT2. Here, the first charging period CT1 is shorter than the second charging period CT2.

Specifically, when the purchased power θ7 becomes smaller than the charge threshold value T7e (time CR1), power storage command unit 24 outputs to power storage device 121 a command (line segment CL7a) to decrease the charge power of power storage device 121 in a stepwise manner. do. More specifically, power storage command unit 24 outputs to power storage device 121 a command to change from first charging power CP1 to second charging power CP2 in an extremely short time (first charging period CT1). In response to this change, the purchased power θ7 begins to rise. Power storage command unit 24 outputs a command (line segment CL7b) to maintain second charge power CP2 to power storage device 121 . Power storage command unit 24 outputs a command (line segment CL7c) to power storage device 121 to gradually increase the charging power of power storage device 121 when purchased power θ7 becomes larger than charging threshold value T7e (time CR2). This rate of increase in charging power with respect to time (second charging rate) is smaller than the rate of decrease in output with respect to time (first charging rate) when decreasing from first charging power CP1 to second charging power CP2. In other words, the power storage command unit 24 provides the power storage device 121 with a command to return from the second charged power CP2 to the first charged power CP1 in a second charging period CT2 longer than the first charging period CT1.

It is possible that the purchased power θ7 becomes smaller than the charging threshold T7e again during the period in which the first charging power CP1 is restored. In this case, when the purchased power θ7 becomes smaller than the charging threshold value T7e again (time CR3), a command (line segment CL7d) to momentarily decrease the charging power to the third charging power CP3 is output to the power generating equipment 110. do. At this time, the amount of decrease in power may be obtained by adding the difference between the first charging power CP1 and the second charging power CP2 to the current power. After this period, a command (line segment CL7e) obtained by adding graph CL7A and graph CL7B is output to power storage device 121 .

As shown in FIG. 7, when the purchased power θ7 (graph G7a) is greater than the discharge threshold value T7f, the power storage command unit 24 instructs the power storage device 121 to discharge the power stored in the power storage device 121 (graph G7b ). The discharge power of the power storage device 121 is set so as to satisfy the requirement that the purchased power θ7 be brought close to the discharge threshold value T7f.

Here, when controlling the discharged power of the power storage device 121, the power storage command unit 24 outputs a second power storage command φ4 in which the history of the discharged power of the power storage device 121 is in the following mode. The second power storage command φ4 discharges power storage device 121 at a first discharge speed and then discharges power storage device 121 at a second discharge speed that is slower than the first discharge speed. In other words, the power storage command unit 24 changes the discharge power from the first discharge power DP1 to the second discharge power DP2 in the first discharge period DT1. Next, the power storage command unit 24 changes the discharge power from the second discharge power DP2 to the first discharge power DP1 during the second discharge period DT2. Here, the first discharge period DT1 is shorter than the second discharge period DT2.

Specifically, when purchased power θ7 becomes greater than discharge threshold value T7f (time DR1), power storage command unit 24 increases the discharged power of power storage device 121 in a stepwise manner. More specifically, power storage command unit 24 outputs to power storage device 121 a command (line segment DL7a) to change from first discharge power DP1 to second discharge power DP2 in an extremely short time (first output period PT1). In accordance with this change, the purchased power θ7 begins to fall. Power storage command unit 24 outputs a command (line segment DL7b) to maintain second discharge power DP2 to power storage device 121 . Power storage command unit 24 outputs a command (line segment DL7c) to power storage device 121 to gradually decrease the discharged power of power storage device 121 when purchased power θ7 becomes smaller than discharge threshold value T7f (time DR2). This rate of decrease in discharge power with respect to time (second discharge rate) is smaller than the rate of increase in output with respect to time (first discharge rate) when increasing from first discharge power DP1 to second discharge power DP2. In other words, the power storage command unit 24 provides the power storage device 121 with a command to return from the second discharge power DP2 to the first discharge power DP1 in a second discharge period DT2 longer than the first discharge period DT1.

It is possible that the purchased power θ7 becomes larger than the discharge threshold value T7f again during the period in which the discharge power DP1 is returned to the first discharge power DP1. In this case, when the purchased power θ7 becomes larger than the discharge threshold value T7f again (time DR3), a command (line segment DL7d) to instantaneously increase the discharge power to the third discharge power DP3 is output to the power generating equipment 110. do. At this time, the amount of increase in power may be obtained by adding the difference between the first charging power CP1 and the second charging power CP2 to the current power. After this period, a command obtained by adding graph DL7A and graph DL7B is output to power storage device 121 .

<Evaluation command part>
Evaluation command unit 25 generates control command φ for power storage device 121 . The evaluation command unit 25 receives the average difference θ14 from the preprocessing unit 10 . The evaluation command unit 25 generates an evaluation command φ5 based on the average difference θ14. Then, evaluation command unit 25 outputs evaluation command φ5 to power storage device 121 .

Evaluation command unit 25 outputs to power storage device 121 a command to compensate for average difference θ14 by charging power storage device 121 when average difference θ14 is equal to or greater than zero. When average difference θ14 is smaller than zero, evaluation command unit 25 outputs to power storage device 121 a command to compensate for average difference θ14 by discharging power storage device 121 . As a result, the output of the power generated by the power generation equipment 110 approaches the corrected moving average, and, for example, it is reliably suppressed that the power of reverse power flow temporarily exceeds a predetermined value. Note that when the correction difference is zero, the charge amount of the power storage device 121 is zero. That is, when the correction difference is zero, the power storage device 121 is not charged or discharged.

<Processing of control device>
Next, the flow of processing executed in the control device 4 will be described. As shown in FIG. 8, the processing of the control device 4 includes step S10 as the first processing, step S20 as the second processing, and step S30 as the third processing. A first process outputs a load command φ1. The second process outputs at least one of a number command φ2, a capacity command φ3, and a power storage command φ4. The third process outputs an evaluation command φ5.

The processing of the control device 4 may be appropriately selected and combined according to the mode of operation of the microgrid 100 . That is, the control device 4 may perform only the first process. Further, the control device 4 may perform the first process and the second process, or may perform the first process and the third process. Furthermore, the control device 4 may perform all of the first process, the second process and the third process.

<Effect>
By the way, conventional power generation equipment including photovoltaic power generation equipment reversely flows the entire output of the power generation equipment to the power system, or consumes the entire output of the power generation equipment within the microgrid including the power generation equipment. Moreover, in recent years, the number of power generation facilities including photovoltaic power generation devices is increasing. As a result, grid interconnection and reverse power flow between the new power generation equipment and the power system are becoming difficult. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of stabilizing the electric power system, power generation equipment may be required to forcibly suppress the output (total cutoff). In such a case, there was no choice but to either set the conventional power generation facility to full power generation (100% operation) or to fully stop it (0% operation).

In response to such a problem, the power management system 1 of the present disclosure effectively generates power when reverse power flow is not allowed or the amount of reverse power flow is suppressed in the microgrid 100 including the photovoltaic power generation equipment. Control to use.

Specifically, the power management system 1 of the present disclosure calculates the actual generated power θ1 output by the power generation equipment 110 including the power generation unit 111 and the load power θ3 consumed by the load equipment 120 connected to the power generation equipment 110. adjust. The power management system 1 is provided adjacent to the power generation unit 111, and includes a solar radiation measuring device 2 that measures the amount of solar radiation θ5 received by the power generation unit 111, and a control that outputs a control command φ including a command for the load equipment 120. a device 4; The control device 4 has a preprocessing unit 10 that outputs information used to generate the control command φ, and a command generation unit 20 that outputs the control command φ based on the information output by the preprocessing unit 10 . The preprocessing unit 10 includes a prediction unit 11 that outputs power that is expected to be output by the power generation equipment 110 as expected power generation θ8 based on the amount of solar radiation θ5. Command generation unit 20 includes load command unit 21 that outputs load command φ1 for increasing or decreasing load power θ3 to load facility 120 based on expected generated power θ8.

In other words, the power management system 1 of the present disclosure increases the solar utilization rate by connecting a renewable energy conversion storage facility (renewable energy conversion facility) to the power generation unit 111 . The power management system 1 includes, in a microgrid 100 having a power generation unit 111, a power storage device 121, a hydrogen production device 122, a heat generation device 122, a power storage device 121, which is a facility for converting electric power, which is renewable energy from the power generation unit 111, into another form of energy. A device 123 is provided. Then, the control device 4 of the power management system 1 outputs a positive/negative demand response (control command φ) from the solar radiation amount θ5 to the electricity storage device 121, the hydrogen production device 122, and the heat generation device 123, which are renewable energy conversion facilities. Furthermore, the power management system 1 performs output control of the power generation unit 111 so as not to cause reverse power flow. These configurations and operations allow the power management system 1 to maintain a balance between power generation and consumption. Furthermore, the power management system 1 can effectively utilize the power storage device 121 to secure nighttime power. Moreover, the power management system 1 can also realize smoothing of the output power while the output of the power generation unit 111 is being controlled.

In this power management system 1, the prediction unit 11 of the control device 4 calculates the expected generated power θ8, which is the power expected to be output by the power generation facility 110, based on the solar radiation θ5 measured by the solar radiation measuring device 2. Output. The command generator 20 generates a load command φ1 to be provided to the load facility 120 based on the expected generated power θ8. As a result, the balance between the power generated by the power generation equipment 110 and the load power θ3 of the load equipment 120 can be maintained with high accuracy.

The load command unit 21 of the control device 4 outputs to the load facility 120 a load command φ1 including a command to make the load power θ3 equal to or greater than the expected generated power θ8. According to this configuration, the outflow of power (reverse power flow) to the power system 200 can be reliably suppressed. Furthermore, the load command unit 21 of the power management system 1 outputs a control command φ to the load facility 120 including a command to make the load power θ3 smaller than the expected generated power θ8. According to this configuration, it is possible to control the outflow of electric power to the electric power system 200 in a desired manner.

That is, the power management system 1 includes a mechanism for preventing reverse power flow and a mechanism for partially allowing reverse power flow. As a result, the utilization rate of the power generated by the power generation equipment 110 in the microgrid 100 can be maximized. Then, purchased power θ7 from power system 200 can be suppressed. The power management system 1 can easily select between an operation that allows reverse power flow and an operation that does not allow reverse power flow, by changing the set value. As a result, it is easy to control the reverse flow power to the power system 200 to a value lower than a certain value. Therefore, it is possible to increase the degree of freedom of contract for grid interconnection with the power generation facility 110 .

In the power management system 1 described above, the reverse power flow threshold is set according to a value (θ1/θ2) obtained by dividing the actual generated power θ1 by the number θ2 of the power generation panels 114 in operation in the power generation equipment 110 .

The load facility 120 of the power management system 1 includes a hydrogen production device 122 that produces hydrogen using the actual generated power θ1, and a heat generator 123 that generates heat using the actual generated power θ1. . The load command φ1 includes at least one of a command for adjusting the amount of hydrogen produced and a command for adjusting the amount of heat generated. Accordingly, by increasing or decreasing at least one of the amount of hydrogen production and the amount of heat generation, the balance between the actual generated power θ1 and the load power θ3 can be maintained with high accuracy.

The power management system 1 described above includes a power system connection device 3 that connects the power generation equipment 110 and the load equipment 120 to the power system 200 and measures the purchased power θ7 that flows in from the power system 200 . Command generation unit 20 includes a number command unit 22 that outputs a number command φ2 based on purchased power θ7. The number command unit 22 outputs a number command φ2 for determining the number of power generation units 111 in operation to the power generation equipment 110 based on the purchased power θ7. According to this configuration, reverse power flow to the power system 200 can be reliably suppressed. In short, the power management system 1 compares the purchased power θ7 with a threshold value, and if the load equipment 120 cannot sufficiently receive the actual generated power θ1, the power management system 1 performs control to suppress the actual generated power θ1 (number control). , capacity control). As a result, the balance between power generation and consumption can always be maintained.

The preprocessing unit 10 of the power management system 1 provides a moving average calculation method for smoothing the power generation equipment 110 in number control in the distributed power generation equipment 110 . That is, the preprocessing unit 10 uses the power storage device 121 to smooth the actual generated power θ1 of the power generation equipment 110 in the distributed power generation equipment 110, and the concept of the moving average in the case of controlling the number of units It clearly provides Specifically, the preprocessing unit 10 of the power management system 1 divides the number of all power generation units 111 included in the power generation facility 110 by the number of power generation units 111 in operation, and outputs a correction coefficient θ11. a correcting unit 13 that outputs a corrected generated power θ12 by multiplying the actual generated power θ1 by a correction coefficient θ11; and an evaluation difference unit 15 that outputs an average difference that is the difference between the corrected generated power θ12 and the moving average power θ13. Accordingly, the corrected generated power θ12 can be calculated in consideration of the number of power generation units 111 that are outputting power. As a result, it is possible to maintain a better balance between the actual generated power θ1 and the load power θ3.

The command generation unit 20 of the power management system 1 includes an evaluation command unit 25 that outputs an evaluation command φ5 based on the average difference. When the average difference θ14 indicates that the corrected generated power θ12 is greater than the moving average power θ13, the evaluation command unit 25 issues a charging command to charge the power storage device 121, or the corrected generated power θ12 is higher than the moving average power θ13. When average difference θ14 indicates that it is small, a discharge command to discharge power storage device 121 is output to power storage device 121 . As a result, charging and discharging by the power storage device 121 can realize smoothing of the actual generated electric power θ1. Therefore, it is possible to reliably maintain the balance between the actual generated power θ1 and the load power θ3.

When controlling the number of power generation equipment 110 , the power management system 1 uses the charge/discharge correction command corresponding to the upper and lower limits of the purchased power θ7 to suppress the change in the number of power storage devices 121 due to charging/discharging. Specifically, the power management system 1 includes a power system connection device 3 that connects the power generation equipment 110 and the load equipment 120 to the power system 200 and measures the purchased power θ7 flowing from the power system 200 . Command generation unit 20 includes a power storage command unit 24 that outputs a power storage command φ4 based on purchased power θ7. Power storage command unit 24 outputs a first power storage command to power storage device 121 when purchased power θ7 is smaller than the charging threshold. Alternatively, the second power storage command is output to the power storage device 121 when the purchased power θ7 is greater than the discharge threshold. The first power storage command is a command to charge power storage device 121 at a second charging speed slower than the first charging speed after charging power storage device 121 at a first charging speed. The second power storage command is a command to discharge power storage device 121 at a second discharge speed slower than the first discharge speed after discharging power storage device 121 at the first discharge speed. According to this configuration, it is possible to suitably control the purchased power θ7.

The power management system 1 includes a power system connection device 3 that connects the power generation equipment 110 and the load equipment 120 to the power system 200 and measures purchased power θ7 flowing from the power system 200 . The command generation unit 20 includes a capacity command unit 23 that outputs a capacity command φ3 based on the purchased power θ7, and the capacity command unit 23 sets the power generation equipment 110 to the first It is a command to output the power generating equipment 110 at a second output speed slower than the first output speed after outputting at the output speed. Also with this configuration, the purchased power θ7 can be preferably controlled.

The power management system 1 performs control to set an upper limit on the actual generated power θ1. In other words, the power management system 1 performs control to prevent reverse power flow (output upper limit continuous control of the power conditioner 115). Specifically, when the purchased power θ7 is greater than the capacity threshold, the capacity command unit 23 of the power management system 1 issues a capacity command including a command to output all the power generated by the power generation unit 111 as the actual generated power θ1. φ3 is output to the power generation equipment 110 . As a result, the actual power generation θ1 of the power generation facility 110 can be maximized without frequently restarting the power generation unit 111 of the power generation facility 110 .

1 power management system 2 solar radiation measurement device 3 power system connection device 4 control device 10 preprocessing unit 11 prediction unit 12 coefficient unit 13 correction unit 14 evaluation unit 15 evaluation difference unit 20 command generation unit 21 load command unit 22 number command unit 23 Capacity command unit 24 Power storage command unit 25 Evaluation command unit 110 Power generation equipment 111 Power generation unit (solar power generation device)
120 Load facility 121 Power storage device 122 Hydrogen production device 123 Heat generator 200 Power system T7e Charge threshold T7f Discharge threshold θ1 Actual generated power θ3, θ4 Load power θ5 Solar radiation θ7 Purchased power θ8 Expected generated power θ12 Corrected generated power θ13 Moving average power θ14 Average difference φ Control command

Claims (12)

A power management system that adjusts actual generated power output by a power generation facility including a photovoltaic power generation device and load power consumed by a load facility connected to the power generation facility and storing or supplying energy from the power generation facility. There is
a solar radiation measuring device provided adjacent to the solar power generation device for measuring the amount of solar radiation received by the solar power generation device;
A control device that outputs a control command including a command for the load equipment,
The control device is
a preprocessing unit that outputs information used to generate the control command;
a command generation unit that outputs the control command based on the information output by the preprocessing unit;
The preprocessing unit includes a prediction unit that outputs power that is expected to be output by the power generation facility as expected power generation based on the amount of solar radiation,
The command generation unit includes a load command unit that outputs the control command including a command to increase or decrease the load power to the load facility based on the expected generated power,
The load command unit is configured to set the load power equal to or greater than the expected generated power and to make the sum of the load power and the fixed load power of the consumer equal to the sum of the expected generated power and the minimum purchase power. Outputting a command to the load equipment,
The consumer consumes the power output by the power generation equipment,
The power management system, wherein the minimum purchased power is the lowest load that does not allow reverse power flow of power from the power generation facility to a power system connected to the power generation facility. The load facility is each of a plurality of load facilities,
The power management system according to claim 1, wherein said load command unit outputs said control command to said load equipment in operation when some of said load equipment among said plurality of load equipment are in a stopped state. A power system connection device that connects the power generation equipment and the load equipment to the power system and measures reverse power flow power flowing out to the power system,
3. The power management system according to claim 1, wherein said load command unit outputs said control command based on said reverse power flow power and a reverse power flow threshold. 4. The power management system according to claim 3, wherein said reverse power flow threshold is set according to a value obtained by dividing said actual generated power by the number of said photovoltaic power generation devices in operation in said power generation facility. The load facility has at least one of a hydrogen production device that produces hydrogen using the actually generated power and a heat generator that generates heat using the actually generated power,
The power management system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said control command includes at least one of a command for adjusting the amount of hydrogen produced and a command for adjusting the amount of heat generated. A power system connection device that connects the power generation equipment and the load equipment to the power system and measures purchased power flowing in from the power system,
The command generation unit includes a number command unit that outputs the control command based on the purchased power,
6. The number command unit outputs the control command including a command for determining the number of the photovoltaic power generation devices in operation to the power generation equipment based on the purchased power. A power management system as described in Clause 1. The pretreatment unit is
a coefficient unit that outputs a coefficient that is a value obtained by dividing the number of all the photovoltaic power generation devices that the power generation facility has by the number of the photovoltaic power generation devices that are in operation;
a correction unit that outputs a corrected generated power that is the corrected actual generated power by multiplying the actual generated power by the coefficient;
an evaluation unit that outputs evaluation power for evaluating the corrected generated power in a predetermined period;
7. The power management system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising an evaluation difference unit that outputs an evaluation difference that is a difference between said corrected power generation and said evaluation power. 8. The power management system according to claim 7, wherein said evaluated power is a moving average value of said corrected generated power over said predetermined period. The load equipment has a power storage device,
The command generation unit includes an evaluation command unit that outputs the control command based on the evaluation difference,
When the evaluation difference indicates that the corrected generated power is greater than the evaluated power, the evaluation command unit commands the power storage device to be charged or indicates that the corrected generated power is less than the evaluated power. 8. The power management system according to claim 7, wherein when said evaluation difference indicates, said control command including a command to discharge said power storage device is output to said power storage device. The load equipment has a power storage device,
A power system connection device that connects the power generation equipment and the load equipment to the power system and measures purchased power flowing in from the power system,
The command generation unit includes a power storage command unit that outputs the control command based on the purchased power,
The power storage command unit outputs a first power storage command to the power storage device when the purchased power is less than a charging threshold, or outputs a second power storage command to the power storage device when the purchased power is greater than a discharge threshold. output to
The first power storage command is a command to charge the power storage device at a second charging speed slower than the first charging speed after charging the power storage device at a first charging speed,
The second power storage command is a command to discharge the power storage device at a second discharge speed slower than the first discharge speed after discharging the power storage device at the first discharge speed. 10. The power management system according to any one of 9. A power system connection device that connects the power generation equipment and the load equipment to the power system and measures purchased power flowing in from the power system,
The command generation unit includes a capacity command unit that outputs the control command based on the purchased power,
The capacity command unit causes the power generation equipment to output at a first output speed when the purchased power is smaller than a capacity threshold, and then causes the power generation equipment to operate at a second output speed lower than the first output speed. The power management system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein said control command including a command for output operation is output to said power generation equipment. The capacity command unit outputs the control command including a command to output all the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation device as the actual generated power to the power generation equipment when the purchased power is greater than the capacity threshold. 12. The power management system of claim 11, wherein:

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