JP7105226B2 - 電気化学燃料電池のためのカソード電極設計 - Google Patents
電気化学燃料電池のためのカソード電極設計 Download PDFInfo
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Description
開示の分野
本開示は、電気化学燃料電池用の触媒層に関し、詳細には、電気化学燃料電池用の膜電極アセンブリのカソード触媒層に関する。
電気化学燃料電池は、燃料および酸化剤を電気に変換する。固体ポリマー電気化学燃料電池は、一般に、2つの電極の間に配置された固体ポリマー電解質膜を含む膜電極アセンブリを用いる。膜電極アセンブリを、典型的には2つの導電性フローフィールドプレートの間に介在させて、燃料電池を形成する。これらのフローフィールドプレートは、集電体として機能し、電極への支持を提供し、反応物および生成物のための通路を提供する。そのようなフローフィールドプレートは、燃料および酸化剤反応物流体の流れをそれぞれ、膜電極アセンブリの各々のアノードおよびカソードに向け、かつ過剰な反応物流体および反応生成物を除去するための、流体流チャネルを典型的には含む。動作中、電極は、外部回路を通して電極間に電子を伝導させるために、電気的に接続される。典型的には、所望の電力出力を有する燃料電池積層体が形成されるように、いくつかの燃料電池が直列に電気的に接続される。
簡潔には、本開示は、電気化学燃料電池用のカソード触媒層に関する。
文脈が他に必要としない限り、本明細書およびそれに続く特許請求の範囲の全体を通して、「含む(comprise)」という単語およびその変化形、例えば「含む(comprises)」および「含んでいる(comprising)」は、「~を含むが~に限定されない(including but not limited to)」というような制約のない包括的な意味に解釈されるものとする。
例えば、本発明は、以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
アノードガス拡散層およびアノード触媒層を含むアノード電極と、
カソードガス拡散層およびカソード触媒層を含むカソード電極と、
前記アノード触媒層と前記カソード触媒層との間に介在するポリマー電解質膜と
を含む膜電極アセンブリであって、
前記カソード触媒層が、
前記ポリマー電解質膜に隣接する第1のカソード触媒副層であって、前記第1のカソード触媒副層が第1の貴金属触媒組成物と、第1のイオノマーおよび第2のイオノマーを含む第1のイオノマー組成物とを含む、第1のカソード触媒副層、および
前記カソードガス拡散層に隣接する第2のカソード触媒副層であって、前記第2のカソード触媒副層が第2の貴金属触媒組成物と、第3のイオノマーを含む第2のイオノマー組成物とを含む、第2のカソード触媒副層
を含み、
前記第1のイオノマーは、化学構造および当量のうち少なくとも1つが前記第2のイオノマーと異なる、膜電極アセンブリ。
(項目2)
前記第1のイオノマーが、下記の化学構造
を有する、項目1に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
(項目3)
前記第2のイオノマーが、下記の化学構造
を有する、項目2に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
(項目4)
前記第1のイオノマーが、前記第2のイオノマーよりも低い当量を有する、項目1に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
(項目5)
前記第1のイオノマーの当量が、前記第2のイオノマーの当量よりも約100超の差で低い、項目1に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
(項目6)
前記第1のイオノマーが約900EW未満の当量を有し、前記第2のイオノマーが約900EWに等しいまたはそれよりも大きい当量を有する、項目1に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
(項目7)
前記第1のイオノマーは、化学構造および当量の両方が前記第2のイオノマーと異なる、項目1に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
(項目8)
前記第1の貴金属触媒組成物と前記第2の貴金属触媒組成物が異なる、項目1に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
(項目9)
前記第1および第2のイオノマーのうち少なくとも1つがパーフルオロ化されている、項目1に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
(項目10)
前記第1のカソード触媒副層が、約30重量%から約80重量%の前記第1のイオノマー組成物を含む、項目1に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
(項目11)
前記第1および第2の貴金属触媒組成物のうち少なくとも1つが、白金、金、ルテニウム、イリジウム、およびパラジウム、ならびにこれらの合金、固溶体、および金属間化合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の貴金属触媒を含む、項目1に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
(項目12)
前記少なくとも1種の貴金属触媒が、触媒担体上に担持される、項目11に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
(項目13)
前記第1の貴触媒組成物が、第1の触媒および第2の触媒を含み、前記第1の触媒と前記第2の触媒が異なる、項目11に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
(項目14)
項目1に記載の膜電極アセンブリを含む、燃料電池。
Claims (14)
- アノードガス拡散層およびアノード触媒層を含むアノード電極と、
カソードガス拡散層およびカソード触媒層を含むカソード電極と、
前記アノード触媒層と前記カソード触媒層との間に介在するポリマー電解質膜と
を含む膜電極アセンブリであって、
前記カソード触媒層が、
前記ポリマー電解質膜に隣接する第1のカソード触媒副層であって、前記第1のカソード触媒副層が第1の貴金属触媒組成物と、第1のイオノマーおよび第2のイオノマーを含む第1のイオノマー組成物とを含む、第1のカソード触媒副層、および
前記カソードガス拡散層に隣接する第2のカソード触媒副層であって、前記第2のカソード触媒副層が単一の第2の貴金属触媒組成物と、単一の第3のイオノマーを含む第2のイオノマー組成物とを含む、第2のカソード触媒副層
を含み、
前記第1のイオノマーは、化学構造および当量のうち少なくとも1つが前記第2のイオノマーと異なる、膜電極アセンブリ。 - 前記第1のイオノマーが、前記第2のイオノマーよりも低い当量を有する、請求項1に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
- 前記第1のイオノマーの当量が、前記第2のイオノマーの当量よりも100超の差で低い、請求項1に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
- 前記第1のイオノマーが900EW未満の当量を有し、前記第2のイオノマーが900EWに等しいまたはそれよりも大きい当量を有する、請求項1に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
- 前記第1のイオノマーは、化学構造および当量の両方が前記第2のイオノマーと異なる、請求項1に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
- 前記第1の貴金属触媒組成物と前記第2の貴金属触媒組成物が異なる、請求項1に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
- 前記第1および第2のイオノマーのうち少なくとも1つがパーフルオロ化されている、請求項1に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
- 前記第1のカソード触媒副層が、30重量%から80重量%の前記第1のイオノマー組成物を含む、請求項1に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
- 前記第1および第2の貴金属触媒組成物のうち少なくとも1つが、白金、金、ルテニウム、イリジウム、およびパラジウム、ならびにこれらの合金、固溶体、および金属間化合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の貴金属触媒を含む、請求項1に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
- 前記少なくとも1種の貴金属触媒が、触媒担体上に担持される、請求項11に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
- 前記第1の貴金属触媒組成物が、第1の触媒および第2の触媒を含み、前記第1の触媒と前記第2の触媒が異なる、請求項11に記載の膜電極アセンブリ。
- 請求項1に記載の膜電極アセンブリを含む、燃料電池。
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