JP7174777B2 - キメラ抗原受容体t細胞療法 - Google Patents
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Description
SPDの四分位数1、約100mm2(含める)~約2000mm2(含める)、約840mm2のSPDの中央値、
SPDの四分位数2、約2000mm2(含めない)~約3700mm2(含める)、約2820mm2のSPDの中央値、
SPDの四分位数3、約3700mm2(含めない)~約6700mm2(含める)、約5100mm2のSPDの中央値、及び、
SPDの四分位数4、約6700mm2(含めない)~約24000mm2(含める)、約9300mm2のSPDの中央値、
を含む、実施の形態2の方法。
本開示のキメラ抗原受容体(CAR又はCAR-T)及びT細胞受容体(TCR)は、遺伝子操作された受容体である。これらの操作された受容体は、当該技術分野で知られている技術によってT細胞を含む免疫細胞に容易に挿入され得て、その細胞により発現され得る。CARでは、特定の抗原を認識するとともに、その抗原に結合した場合に免疫細胞を活性化させてその抗原を保有する又は発現する細胞を攻撃して破壊するよう、単一の受容体がプログラム化され得る。これらの抗原が腫瘍細胞上に存在する場合、CARを発現する免疫細胞は、該腫瘍細胞を標的とし、死滅させることができる。
免疫療法のT細胞は、上記のCAR又はその他のいずれかを発現するように操作されていてもよく、CAR-T細胞と称される。CAR-T細胞は、他の分子を発現するように操作されていてもよく、当該技術分野で利用可能な以下の例示的な型又はその他のいずれか1つであり得る:第一世代、第二世代、第三世代、第四世代、第五世代(等)のCAR-T細胞、武装化CAR-T細胞、運動性CAR-T細胞、TRUCK T細胞、スイッチ受容体CAR-T細胞、遺伝子編集されたCAR T細胞、デュアル受容体CAR T細胞、自殺CAR T細胞、薬物誘導性CAR-T細胞、synNotch誘導性CAR T細胞、及び抑制性CAR T細胞。
本明細書に示されるデータは、被験体におけるインデックス病変のベースライン時の直径の積の和(SPD)が、CD19 CAR-T治療に対する肯定的な奏効の程度と相関することを裏付けている。したがって、一実施形態では、本開示は、癌を有する被験体におけるCD19 CAR-T治療に対する奏効を予測する方法であって、上記被験体におけるインデックス病変のベースライン時の直径の積の和(SPD)を測定し、SPD範囲を決定することを含み、ここで、低いSPD範囲はCAR-T治療に対する肯定的な奏効の可能性を示す、方法を提供する。
「癌」とは、体内の異常な細胞の制御不能の成長を特徴とする様々な疾患の幅広い群を指す。調節不能な細胞分裂及び成長は、隣接する組織に侵入する悪性腫瘍の形成をもたらし、リンパ系又は血流を介して体の離れた部分に転移することもある。「癌」又は「癌組織」は、腫瘍を含み得る。本開示の方法によって治療され得る癌の例には、限定されるものではないが、リンパ腫、白血病、骨髄腫、及び他の白血球悪性腫瘍を含む免疫系の癌が含まれる。幾つかの実施形態では、本開示の方法は、例えば、骨癌、膵臓癌、皮膚癌、頭頸部癌、皮膚又は眼内悪性黒色腫、子宮癌、卵巣癌、直腸癌、肛門領域癌、胃癌、精巣癌、子宮癌、卵管癌、子宮内膜癌、子宮頸癌、膣癌、外陰癌、多発性骨髄腫、ホジキン病、非ホジキンリンパ腫(NHL)、原発性縦隔大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫(PMBC)、びまん性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫(DLBCL)、濾胞性リンパ腫(FL)、形質転換後濾胞性リンパ腫、脾臓辺縁帯リンパ腫(SMZL)、食道癌、小腸癌、内分泌系癌、甲状腺癌、副甲状腺癌、副腎癌、軟部組織肉腫、尿道癌、陰茎癌、慢性白血病又は急性白血病、急性骨髄白血病、慢性骨髄白血病、急性リンパ芽球性白血病(ALL)(非T細胞ALLを含む)、慢性リンパ性白血病(CLL)、小児期固形腫瘍、リンパ球性リンパ腫、膀胱癌、腎臓癌又は尿管癌、腎盂癌、中枢神経系(CNS)の新生物、原発性CNSリンパ腫、腫瘍血管新生、脊髄軸腫瘍、脳幹神経膠腫、下垂体腺腫、カポジ肉腫、類表皮癌、扁平上皮細胞癌、T細胞リンパ腫、アスベストにより誘発される癌を含む環境により誘発される癌、他のB細胞悪性腫瘍、及び上記癌の組み合わせに由来する腫瘍の腫瘍サイズを減少させるために使用され得る。特定の一実施形態では、癌は多発性骨髄腫である。一実施形態では、本出願の方法は、化学療法若しくは放射線療法に奏効を示す癌、化学療法若しくは放射線療法に耐性であり得る癌、又は難治性若しくは再燃性の癌に適している。一実施形態では、難治性癌は、外科的介入を施すことができない癌を指し、その癌は、最初は化学療法若しくは放射線療法に奏効を示さないか、又はその癌は、時間とともに奏効を示さなくなる。
幾つかの実施形態では、本開示の方法は、被験体の癌を治療し、腫瘍のサイズを減少させ、腫瘍細胞を死滅させ、腫瘍細胞増殖を防ぎ、腫瘍成長を防ぎ、患者から腫瘍を排除し、腫瘍の再燃を防ぎ、腫瘍転移を防ぎ、患者の寛解を誘導し、又はそれらの任意の組み合わせを行うために使用され得る。或る特定の実施形態では、上記方法は完全奏効を誘発する。他の実施形態では、上記方法は部分奏効を誘発する。
本明細書に示されるデータは、被験体における前治療ライン数が、CD19 CAR-T治療後の再燃の程度又は可能性と相関することを指摘している。したがって、一実施形態では、本開示は、癌を有する被験体におけるCD19 CAR-T治療後の再燃の可能性を予測する方法であって、前記被験体における前治療ライン数を決定し、前記数が4つの範囲のうちのどの1つに属するかを決定することを含み、ここで、前記前治療ライン数が高いほど、前記被験体について治療後の再燃の可能性が高いと予測される、方法を提供する。
本明細書に示されるデータはまた、被験体における前治療ライン数が、CD19 CAR-T治療に対する肯定的な奏効の程度と相関することを指摘している。したがって、本開示は、癌を有する被験体におけるCD19 CAR-T治療に対する奏効の可能性を予測する方法であって、前記被験体におけるベースライン時の前治療ライン数を測定し、前記数が4つの範囲のうちのどの1つに属するかを決定することを含み、ここで、被験体が属する範囲が低いほど、CD19 CAR-T治療に対する奏効持続の可能性が高くなる、方法も提供する。
難治性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫を伴う患者におけるアキシカブタゲン・シロロイセルのピボタルな第2相試験での前治療ラインによる転帰
アキシカブタゲン・シロロイセル(axi-cel)は、CD19発現細胞を認識して排除する自家キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)T細胞療法薬である。ピボタルな第1/2相多施設試験(ZUMA-1)では、難治性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫を伴う108人の患者が治療され(追跡期間の中央値、15.4ヶ月)、58%の完全奏効(CR)を含む82%の客観的奏効率、CRに関する40%を含む42%の奏効持続、13%のグレード3以上のサイトカイン放出症候群(CRS)、28%のグレード3以上の神経学的事象を示した。
難治性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫におけるアキシカブタゲン・シロロイセルの長期活性
この研究では、難治性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫を伴う100人超の患者をアキシカブタゲン・シロロイセルで治療し、それらの癌の進行を単回治療後2年超まで追跡した。これらの結果は、アキシカブタゲン・シロロイセルが持続的奏効及び2年を超える全生存期間の中央値をもたらし得ることを示している。活性化B細胞様リンパ腫、ダブルエクスプレッサーリンパ腫、及び高悪性度B細胞リンパ腫を伴う患者の大部分を含む全ての患者サブグループにわたって結果は類似していた。
難治性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫(LBCL)におけるアキシカブタゲン・シロロイセル(Axi-Cel)の第1/2相試験での65歳以上の患者の有効性及び安全性の結果
難治性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫(LBCL)の適格な患者は、白血球アフェレーシスを受け、500mg/m2(静脈内)のシクロホスファミド及び30mg/m2(静脈内)のフルダラビンが投与され、ここで、両者は、静脈内注入を介して2×106個のCAR陽性生存T細胞/kgの用量でアキシカブタゲン・シロロイセルを投与(0日目)する前の5日目、4日目及び3日目に投与された。108人の患者を治療した。65歳以上の患者(n=27)対65歳未満の患者(n=81)は、それぞれ69歳対55歳(y)の中央値年齢を有し、男性は81%対63%であり、70%対36%がIPIスコア3~4を有し、59%対57%がECOG 1を有し、81%対84%は病期III/IVであり、67%対72%は3つ以上の前治療を有し、そしてSPDによる腫瘍負荷量の中央値(範囲)は3790(600~16764)mm2対3574(171~23297)mm2であった。ピークレベルまでのCAR T細胞増殖(43細胞/μl対35細胞/μl)又は曲線下面積(562日×細胞/μl対448日×細胞/μl)は、65歳(y)以上の患者対65歳未満の患者でそれぞれ類似していた。疾患型に関しては、74%対79%がDLBCLを有し、0%対10%がPMBCLを有し、そして26%対11%がTFLを有していた。19%対30%は先行するASCTを有した。登録前の難治性サブグループは以下のように分類された:4%対2%は一次治療に抵抗性であり、78%対73%は第二選択療法又はそれ以降の選択療法に抵抗性であり、そして19%対25%はASCT後に再燃した。
項1.
癌を有する被験体におけるCD19 CAR-T治療に対する奏効を予測する方法であって、前記被験体におけるベースライン時のSPDを測定し、SPD範囲を決定することを含み、ここで、低いSPD範囲は前記CAR-T治療に対する肯定的な奏効の可能性を示す、方法。
項2.
前記SPDは、4つの範囲のうちの1つに属することができ、ここで、SPDが属する範囲が低いほど、CD19 CAR-T治療に対する奏効の可能性は高くなる、項1に記載の方法。
項3.
前記4つの範囲は、以下:
SPDの四分位数1、約100mm 2 (含める)~約2000mm 2 (含める)、約840のSPDの中央値、
SPDの四分位数2、約2000mm 2 (含めない)~約3700mm 2 (含める)、約2820mm 2 のSPDの中央値、
SPDの四分位数3、約3700mm 2 (含めない)~約6700mm 2 (含める)、約5100mm 2 のSPDの中央値、及び、
SPDの四分位数4、約6700mm 2 (含めない)~約24000mm 2 (含める)、約9300mm 2 のSPDの中央値、
を含む、項2に記載の方法。
項4.
前記ベースライン時のSPD値が前記SPDの四分位数1~4にある場合に、前記被験体は、引き続きCD19 CAR-T治療で治療される、項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
項5.
治療を必要とする被験体において癌を治療する方法であって、ベースライン時のSPD値がSPDの四分位数1~4にある被験体に治療的に有効な量のCD19 CAR-T治療薬を投与することを含む、方法。
項6.
癌を有する被験体におけるCD19 CAR-T治療後の再発の可能性を予測する方法であって、前記被験体における前治療ライン数を決定し、前記数が4つの範囲のうちのどの1つに属するかを決定することを含み、ここで、前記前治療ライン数が高いほど、前記被験体についてCD19 CAR-T治療後の再発の可能性が高いと予測される、方法。
項7.
癌を有する被験体におけるCD19 CAR-T治療に対する奏効持続の可能性を予測する方法であって、前記被験体におけるベースライン時の前治療ライン数を測定し、前記数が4つの範囲のうちのどの1つに属するかを決定することを含み、ここで、前記範囲が低いほど、CD19 CAR-T治療に対する奏効持続の可能性を示す、方法。
項8.
前記前治療ライン数の範囲は、1~2、3、4又は5以上である、項6又は7に記載の方法。
項9.
前記前治療ライン数が1~2、3、4又は5以上である前記被験体に、引き続きCD19 CAR-T治療薬を投与することを更に含む、項6~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
項10.
治療を必要とする被験体において癌を治療する方法であって、前記被験体における前治療ライン数が1~2、3、4又は5以上である被験体に治療的に有効な量のCD19 CAR-T治療薬を投与することを含む、方法。
項11.
前記癌は、血液癌又は再燃性/難治性びまん性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫である、項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
項12.
前記CD19 CAR-T治療は、アキシカブタゲン・シロロイセル(Yescarta)、チサゲンレクロイセル(Kymriah)、JCAR017、JCAR015、JCAR014、ウプサラ大学の抗CD19 CAR(NCT02132624)又はUCART19による治療を含む、項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
項13.
治療を必要とする患者における抗CD19 CAR-T細胞治療による癌の治療に対する長期奏効持続性を予測する方法であって、治療薬の単回投与の3ヶ月後に無増悪生存期間を評価することを含み、ここで、3ヶ月での完全奏効又は部分奏効の達成が前記患者における長期奏効持続性の予測となる、方法。
項14.
前記抗CD19 CAR-T治療は、アキシカブタゲン・シロロイセル(Yescarta)、チサゲンレクロイセル(Kymriah)、JCAR017、JCAR015、JCAR014、ウプサラ大学の抗CD19 CAR(NCT02132624)又はUCART19による治療を含む、項13に記載の方法。
項15.
前記癌は、血液癌である、項13又は14に記載の方法。
項16.
前記癌は、再発性/難治性びまん性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫である、項15に記載の方法。
項17.
長期奏効持続性は、9ヶ月より長く、12ヶ月より長く、18ヶ月より長く、又は24ヶ月より長く続く完全奏効又は部分奏効を含む、項13~16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
項18.
前記被験体は、65歳以上である、項1~17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
項19.
前記被験体は、65歳未満である、項1~17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
項20.
前記CD19 CAR-T治療薬は、第一選択療法として投与される、項1~19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
Claims (13)
- 癌を有する被験体におけるCD19 CAR-T治療に対する奏効を予測するための方法であって、前記被験体について測定されたベースライン時のSPDからSPD範囲を決定することを含み、
前記SPDは、4つの範囲のうちの1つに属することができ、
前記4つの範囲は、以下:
範囲1:100mm2(含める)~2000mm2(含める)、
範囲2:2000mm2(含めない)~3700mm2(含める)、
範囲3:3700mm2(含めない)~6700mm2(含める)、及び、
範囲4:6700mm2(含めない)~24000mm2(含める)、
を含み、ここで、SPDが属する範囲が低いほど、CD19 CAR-T治療に対する奏効の可能性は高くなり、
SPDの範囲3の被検体はCD19 CAR-T治療が行われた後にグレード3以上のサイトカイン放出症候群(CRS)が生じる可能性が最も高く、
SPDの範囲2の被検体はCD19 CAR-T治療が行われた後にグレード3以上の神経学的事象が生じる可能性が最も高い、方法。 - 前記ベースライン時のSPD値が前記SPDの範囲1~4にある場合に、前記被験体は、引き続きCD19 CAR-T治療で治療される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 被験体において癌を治療するための、CD19 CAR-T治療薬を含む組成物であって、請求項1又は2に記載の方法において前記被検体のベースライン時のSPD値がSPDの範囲1~4にある場合に用いられる、組成物。
- 前記癌は、血液癌又は再燃性/難治性びまん性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫である、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記CD19 CAR-T治療は、アキシカブタゲン・シロロイセル(Yescarta)、チサゲンレクロイセル(Kymriah)、JCAR017、JCAR015、JCAR014、ウプサラ大学の抗CD19 CAR(NCT02132624)又はUCART19による治療を含む、請求項1、2及び4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記被験体は、65歳以上である、請求項1、2、4及び5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記被験体は、65歳未満である、請求項1、2、4及び5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記CD19 CAR-T治療薬は、第一選択療法として投与される、請求項1、2及び4~7のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記癌は、血液癌又は再燃性/難治性びまん性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫である、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 前記CD19 CAR-T治療薬は、アキシカブタゲン・シロロイセル(Yescarta)、チサゲンレクロイセル(Kymriah)、JCAR017、JCAR015、JCAR014、ウプサラ大学の抗CD19 CAR(NCT02132624)又はUCART19を含む、請求項3又は9に記載の組成物。
- 前記被験体は、65歳以上である、請求項3、9及び10のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記被験体は、65歳未満である、請求項3、9及び10のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記CD19 CAR-T治療薬が、第一選択療法として投与される、請求項3、9~12のいずれかに記載の組成物。
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