JP7089574B2 - Processing machine and manufacturing method of workpiece - Google Patents

Description

The present disclosure relates to a rotary tool, a processing machine, and a method for manufacturing a workpiece.

As one of the parts that are difficult to form by cutting (shape from another viewpoint), there is a part called a corner corner or a pin corner (hereinafter, the term corner corner is mainly used). A corner corner, as the word corner indicates, refers to a corner-like portion of a rectangular recess, i.e., a portion where surfaces intersect at an angle of less than 180 °. Further, the corner portion has a sharp shape to which a so-called R (curved surface shape) is not substantially imparted, as the word “corner” indicates.

The following reasons can be mentioned as reasons why it is difficult to form a corner portion. As a cutting method for forming a corner portion, a method using a rotary tool (also referred to as a rolling tool) such as an end mill can be mentioned. Specifically, the rotary tool is rotated around its axis and is moved (fed) relative to the work in a plane orthogonal to the axis of the rotary tool. The relative movement is the side surface parallel to the axis of the rotary tool and is made along the target shape of the two side surfaces that intersect to form a corner. As a result, the work is cut by the cutting edge located on the outer peripheral surface of the rotary tool to form the above two side surfaces, and eventually the corner portion is formed. In this case, the corner portion is given an R having a radius of curvature having the same magnitude as the radius of the rotary tool. Therefore, in order to be able to say that the corner portion does not substantially have R, the diameter of the rotary tool must be made extremely small. However, if the diameter of the rotary tool is made extremely small, the rigidity of the rotary tool cannot be ensured and cutting cannot be performed properly.

The following Patent Documents 1 and 2 propose a processing method advantageous for forming a corner portion. Specifically, it is as follows.

In Patent Document 1, cutting is performed using a rotary tool having a polygonal bottom surface (tip) having a corner portion having an angle smaller than the angle of the corner portion. Then, the rotary tool is worked according to the rotation angle of the rotary tool so that the cutting edge located at the apex of one corner of the bottom surface of the polygonal shape moves along the contour (target shape) of the corner corner. Relative movement in a plane parallel to the bottom surface of the rotary tool. This makes it possible to form a corner having an R (substantially no R) that is less than the radius of gyration of the rotary tool.

Patent Document 2 discloses a method of cutting by slightly vibrating a tool with an amplitude on the order of a micrometer. Since this method does not rotate the rotary tool, the shape of the corners is basically unaffected by the radius of the rotary tool.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-9603 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2013-202750

The known processing methods advantageous for forming the corners have advantages and disadvantages, respectively. On the other hand, the user's request for forming the corner portion is various, and the user's request is not always satisfied by a known method. Therefore, it is desired that a new method for manufacturing a rotary tool, a processing machine, and a workpiece which is advantageous for cutting a corner portion is proposed, and a technique is proposed.

The rotary tool according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a rotary tool that is rotated around an axis and is used, and has a shank and a blade portion located on the tip end side of the shank. The blade portion has an outer peripheral surface exposed to the outside of the rotary tool over one circumference around the axis of the rotary tool, and the outer peripheral surface has a length in the axial direction of the rotary tool. It has a first cutting edge, and the distance between the first cutting edge and the axis of the shank is the maximum distance between the outer peripheral surface and the axis of the shank when viewed parallel to the axis of the shank. Shorter than.

The processing machine according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a rotary tool having a blade portion, a spindle to which the rotary tool is fixed, a work holding portion for holding a work, and a spindle for rotating the spindle around an axis. It has a drive source, a drive unit that relatively moves the spindle and the work holding portion in at least two directions orthogonal to the axial direction of the spindle, and a control device that controls the spindle drive source and the drive unit. The blade portion has an outer peripheral surface exposed to the outside of the rotary tool over one circumference around the axis of the rotary tool, and the outer peripheral surface is in the axial direction of the rotary tool. It has a first cutting edge having a length, and when viewed parallel to the axis of the spindle, the distance between the first cutting edge and the axis of the spindle is the distance between the outer peripheral surface and the axis of the spindle. Shorter than the maximum distance with.

The method for manufacturing a workpiece according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a manufacturing method for manufacturing a workpiece by cutting a workpiece with a blade portion of a rotary tool, and rotates the rotary tool around a predetermined rotation axis. At the same time, it has a moving step for relatively parallel moving the rotary tool and the work in at least two directions orthogonal to the rotary axis, and the blade portion covers one round around the axis of the rotary tool. The outer peripheral surface has an outer peripheral surface exposed to the outside of the rotary tool, and the outer peripheral surface has a first cutting edge having a length in the axial direction of the rotary tool and is parallel to the rotary axis. The distance between the first cutting edge and the rotating shaft is shorter than the maximum distance between the outer peripheral surface and the rotating shaft, and in the moving step, the work is cut by the first cutting edge. ..

According to the above configuration or procedure, it is advantageous for the formation of corners.

The schematic perspective view which shows the structure of the processing machine which concerns on 1st Embodiment. The side view which shows the structure of the rotary tool of the processing machine of FIG. The perspective view which shows the structure of the blade part of the rotary tool of FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view illustrating an example of a method of cutting a corner portion using the rotary tool of FIG. 2. 5 (a) and 5 (b) are schematic perspective views illustrating an example of a method of cutting a corner portion using the rotary tool of FIG. 2. The block diagram which shows the structure of the control system in the processing machine of FIG. FIG. 7A is a schematic diagram illustrating a machining method according to the second embodiment, and FIG. 7B is a side view showing a configuration of an example of a tool used in the machining method according to the second embodiment. be. 8 (a) is a perspective view showing an example of a configuration in which the table of the processing machine of FIG. 1 is linearly moved, and FIG. 8 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VIIIb-VIIIb of FIG. 8 (a). The figure which shows the configuration example different from the configuration example which was explained with reference to FIG. 8 (b) about a guide. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a bearing for the spindle of the processing machine of FIG. The perspective view which shows the structure of the blade part of the rotary tool which concerns on a modification. 12 (a) and 12 (b) are views showing an example of machining with a rotary tool according to the embodiment. 13 (a) and 13 (b) are views showing other machining examples by the rotary tool according to the embodiment.

In the following description, the term tool position may refer to a position relative to the workpiece for convenience, and may also refer to a position in an absolute coordinate system. Unless otherwise specified, and as long as there is no contradiction, the position of the tool may be regarded as either a relative position or an absolute position.

The axis in the word around the axis may refer to a specific axis (for example, the axis of the main axis) or may be used for convenience to explain the outline of the rotation direction or the like. The axis in the latter case is not always the axis. Unless otherwise specified, and as long as there is no contradiction, the word of the axis may be regarded as any of the above. The same applies to axes in words other than around the axis.

In the description of the second embodiment and the modified examples, basically, only the differences from the first embodiment will be described. Matters not specifically mentioned may be the same as those in the first embodiment or may be inferred from the first embodiment. Further, for convenience, the same reference numerals may be given to the configurations corresponding to each other among the plurality of embodiments and modifications, even if there are differences.

<First Embodiment>
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing the configuration of the processing machine 1 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 1 is provided with an orthogonal coordinate system XYZ as an absolute coordinate system or a machine coordinate system for convenience. The + Z direction is, for example, vertically above.

The processing machine 1 is configured as a machine for cutting the work 103. The processing machine 1 performs processing in which the rotary tool 101 (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as “tool 101”) that directly bears cutting by coming into contact with the work 103, and the tool 101 and the work 103 are relatively moved. It has a machine body 2. The processing machine main body 2 has a machine unit 3 that performs mechanical operation and a control device 5 that controls the machine unit 3.

In this embodiment, a tool 101 having a new configuration is shown. The structure of the mechanical part 3 may be various including a known structure. The hardware of the control device 5 may be various including known hardware. The operation (control) of the control device 5 may be various including known operations, except for the control relating to the specific relative movement between the tool 101 and the work 103.

In the following, first, the overall configuration of the mechanical unit 3 will be illustrated. Next, an outline of the configuration and usage method of the tool 101 (control of the control device 5 from another viewpoint) will be described. Next, the configuration and usage of the tool 101 will be described in detail. After that, the configuration of the control system of the processing machine main body 2 will be described.

(Overall configuration of the mechanical part)
The technique according to the present disclosure can be applied to various mechanical parts, and the mechanical part 3 shown in the figure is only an example thereof. However, in the following description, for convenience, the description may be based on the premise of the configuration of the mechanical unit 3.

The machine unit 3 has, for example, a spindle 19 to which various tools including the tool 101 (not shown for tools other than the tool 101) are selectively attached. The machine unit 3 processes the work 103 with a tool attached to the spindle 19. The various tools including the tool 101 are, for example, rotary tools that are rotated around the axis of the spindle 19 (around the axis parallel to the Z axis). The tool 101 is used for cutting as described above, but the type of machining performed by another tool (type of tool from another viewpoint) may be appropriate. For example, the type of processing is cutting, grinding or polishing.

Although not particularly shown, the mechanical unit 3 may have an automatic tool changer (ATC) for changing a tool to be used. Even in a state where the tool 101 is arranged not in the spindle 19 but in the tool magazine of the ATC, it can be considered that the processing machine 1 has the tool 101 and the processing machine main body 2 for holding the tool 101. can.

In the description of the present embodiment, it is basically assumed that the tool attached to the spindle 19 is the tool 101.

For example, the machine unit 3 rotates the tool 101 (spindle 19) as described above, and relatively moves the tool 101 and the work 103 in three axial directions (X direction, Y direction, and Z direction) orthogonal to each other. .. The configuration for realizing such rotation and relative movement may be, for example, the same as various known configurations, or may be an application of known configurations. In the illustrated example, it is as follows.

The mechanical unit 3 has, for example, the following components. Base 7. Two columns 9 supported by the base 7. Cross rail 11 spanning the two columns 9. Saddle 13 supported by the cross rail 11. Z-axis bed 15 fixed to saddle 13. The spindle head 17 supported by the Z-axis bed 15.

The spindle 19 is rotatably supported by the spindle head 17 around an axis parallel to the Z axis, and is rotationally driven by a spindle drive source (described later) in the spindle head 17. As a result, the tool 101 rotates about the axis. The spindle head 17 can move linearly in the Z direction with respect to the Z-axis bed 15 (saddle 13), whereby the tool 101 is driven in the Z direction. The saddle 13 can move linearly in the Y direction with respect to the cross rail 11, whereby the tool 101 is driven in the Y direction.

Further, the mechanical unit 3 has an X-axis bed 21 supported by the base 7 and a table 23 supported by the X-axis bed 21.

The work 103 is held in the table 23. The table 23 can be linearly moved in the X direction with respect to the X-axis bed 21, whereby the work 103 is driven in the X direction.

The configuration of the mechanism for realizing the movement of the saddle 13, the movement of the spindle head 17, the movement of the table 23, and the rotation of the spindle 19 may be a known configuration or an application of a known configuration. For example, the drive source may be a motor, hydraulic equipment or pneumatic equipment. Further, the electric motor may be a rotary electric motor or a linear motor. The linear guide that guides the saddle 13, the spindle head 17 or the table 23 (which restricts movement in a direction other than the driving direction from another viewpoint) may be a sliding guide in which the movable portion and the fixed portion slide. , The rolling guide may be a rolling guide in which the rolling element rolls between the movable portion and the fixed portion, or may be a static pressure guide in which air or oil is interposed between the movable portion and the fixed portion. It may be a combination of two or more. Similarly, the bearing of the spindle 19 may be a slide bearing, a rolling bearing, a static pressure bearing, or a combination of two or more thereof.

The processing accuracy (positioning accuracy from another viewpoint) of the machine unit 3 (processing machine main body 2) may be appropriately set. For example, the mechanical unit 3 may be capable of positioning in the Cartesian coordinate system XYZ with an accuracy on the order of submicron meters (error less than 1 μm) or an accuracy on the order of nanometers (error less than 10 nm). Such machine tools have already been put into practical use by the applicant of the present application (eg UVM series, ULG series and ULC series). More specifically, for example, the positioning accuracy of the saddle 13 in the Y direction, the positioning accuracy of the spindle head 17 in the Z direction, and / or the positioning accuracy of the table 23 in the X direction are 1 μm or less, 0.1 μm or less, 10 nm or less, or It may be 1 nm or less. Of course, the processing accuracy of the processing machine 1 may be lower than the above.

(Overview of tool configuration)
FIG. 2 is a side view showing the configuration of the tool 101. In this figure, for convenience, the Z axis also attached to FIG. 1 is attached. Further, a fixed orthogonal coordinate system xyz is also attached to the tool 101. The Z-axis and the z-axis are parallel to each other.

Since the tool 101 is a rotary tool, it is assumed that the tool 101 is rotated around an axis and used. However, as will be understood from the description below, the tool 101 can also be used without being rotated about an axis. In this case, the tool 101 may be specified as a rotary tool by having a configuration that can be attached to the spindle 19, for example.

The shape of the tool 101 is, for example, roughly an axial shape extending in the z direction (axial direction of the spindle 19). In the following description, for convenience, the + z-side end of the tool 101 may be referred to as the rear end, and the −z-side end of the tool 101 may be referred to as the tip. The tool 101 has a shank 105, a neck 107, and a blade portion 109 in this order from the rear end side to the tip side in the axial direction thereof.

The shape of the shank 105 is, for example, roughly axially extending in the z direction. The shank 105 is a portion that is directly or indirectly fixed coaxially (including concentric) with respect to the spindle 19, and the axis of the spindle 19 (the axis is the center line of the axial member). Pointed.) Rotated around the axis CL1 of the shank 105.

The blade portion 109 is a portion that directly bears cutting by coming into contact with the work 103. The blade portion referred to in the present disclosure is not a portion (ridge-shaped portion) consisting only of a cutting edge, a rake face, and a flank surface, but includes such a ridge-shaped portion and is in the length direction of the shaft-shaped tool 101. It shall refer to a part (generally a columnar part) that occupies a part (generally the tip). Therefore, for example, taking a known two-blade end mill as an example, the blade portion referred to in the present disclosure does not refer to each of the two blades, but to the entire tip portion including the two blades.

In a well-known general tool, the blade has a shape that is rotationally symmetric with respect to the axis of the shank (strictly, an extension of the shank; similarly, the axis may refer to the extension). It is said that. That is, the blade portion is located coaxially with the shank. However, in the tool 101 of the present embodiment, the blade portion 109 is eccentric with respect to the shank 105.

The neck 107 is a portion connecting the shank 105 and the blade portion 109, and has a smaller diameter than the shank 105. The shank 105 and the blade portion 109 may be directly connected without the neck 107 being provided.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view showing the blade portion 109 and its periphery. In this figure, for convenience, the Z-axis and the Cartesian coordinate system xyz, which are also attached to FIG. 2, are attached.

The shape of the blade portion 109 is, for example, roughly a pillar body whose height direction is the z direction. The shape of the cross section (cross section orthogonal to the z-axis) of the prism is, for example, generally fan-shaped.

From another point of view, the blade portion 109 has, for example, an outer peripheral surface 111 and a bottom surface 113. The outer peripheral surface 111 is a surface facing the outer peripheral side (diameter outer side) of the blade portion 109. The outer peripheral surface 111 is exposed to the outside of the tool 101 over one circumference (360 °) around the axis. The bottom surface 113 faces the opposite side (tip side) of the shank 105 and intersects the outer peripheral surface 111.

It has already been stated that the blade portion in the present disclosure is not a ridge-shaped portion including a cutting edge, but a columnar portion including such a ridge-shaped portion and occupying a part of the tool 101 in the length direction. rice field. From another point of view, the blade portion is a portion including a cutting edge and having an outer peripheral surface exposed to the outside of the tool over one circumference around the axis. For example, taking a known two-flute end mill as an example, a part of the tip of the end mill including one blade is connected to another part including the other blade on the axial center side, or by another part. The axis side is hidden. Therefore, it cannot be said that the above-mentioned part is exposed to the outside of the tool over one circumference around the axis, and is not the blade portion referred to in the present disclosure.

The outer peripheral surface 111 has three sides (115A, 115B, 115C) corresponding to two fan-shaped radii and an arc. The first side surface 115A corresponds to one radius and is approximately a rectangular plane. Similarly, the second side surface 115B corresponds to one radius and is approximately a rectangular plane. The third side surface 115C is a curved surface that corresponds to an arc and is roughly rectangular when expanded. The bottom surface 113 is generally fan-shaped.

The blade portion 109 has three cutting blades (117A, 117B and 117C) formed by ridges where the above-mentioned various surfaces intersect with each other as cutting blades directly responsible for cutting. In the following, when the cutting edge has a length in a predetermined direction, the cutting edge need not be parallel to the predetermined direction.

The first cutting edge 117A is composed of a ridge line where the first side surface 115A and the second side surface 115B intersect. The first cutting edge 117A faces the outer peripheral side and has a length in the axial direction of the tool 101.

The second cutting edge 117B is composed of a ridge line where the first side surface 115A and the bottom surface 113 intersect. The second cutting edge 117B faces the outer peripheral side and the tip end side (−z side), and has a length in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the tool 101.

The third cutting edge 117C is composed of a ridge line where the second side surface 115B and the bottom surface 113 intersect. The third cutting edge 117C faces the outer peripheral side and the tip end side (−z side), and has a length in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the tool 101.

The three cutting edges (117A, 117B and 117C) have one end connected to each other on the tip end side of the blade portion 109. From another point of view, the blade portion 109 has at least two cutting edges (for example, 117A and 117B), and the cutting edges are connected to each other by one end portion.

In the blade portion 109, the ridge lines other than the ridge lines constituting the three cutting edges (117A, 117B and 117C) are not, for example, cutting edges. The other ridges are the following three ridges in the illustrated example. A ridgeline where the portion of the first side surface 115A opposite to the first cutting edge 117A and the third side surface 115C intersect. A ridgeline where the portion of the second side surface 115B opposite to the first cutting edge 117A and the third side surface 115C intersect. A ridgeline where the third side surface 115C and the bottom surface 113 intersect. However, these other ridges may also be cut edges.

As described above, the blade portion 109 is eccentric with respect to the shank 105. Specifically, the blade portion 109 is eccentric to the side opposite to the first cutting edge 117A (the side of the third side surface 115C). In the illustrated example, the first cutting edge 117A substantially coincides with the axial center CL1.

The position of the first cutting edge 117A will be described from another viewpoint. Normally, the distance between the cutting edge located on the outer peripheral surface of the blade portion and the axis of the shank is the maximum distance between the outer peripheral surface of the blade portion and the axis of the shank. As a result, when the rotary tool is rotated around the axis of the shank, the work can be cut by the cutting edge without contacting the portion of the blade portion other than the cutting edge with the work. On the other hand, the first cutting edge 117A is shorter than the maximum distance between the outer peripheral surface of the blade portion 109 (more specifically, the third side surface 115C) and the axial center CL1 of the shank 105.

(Overview of how to use the tool)
4, FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b) are schematic views illustrating how to use the tool 101. In these figures, the Cartesian coordinate system X'Y'Z'is attached for convenience. The Z'axis is parallel to the Z axis. The X'axis and the Y'axis are axes extending in any direction in the XY plane. FIG. 4 shows a cross section orthogonal to the Z'axis in and around the blade portion 109. 5 (a) and 5 (b) are perspective views of the blade portion 109 and its surroundings. In FIG. 5 (b), processing is more advanced than in FIG. 5 (a).

Here, the case where the recess 103a is formed in the work 103 by the tool 101 is taken as an example. The recess 103a has a corner portion 103d (the valley line of the corner corner 103d is surrounded by a dotted line) formed by the intersection of the side surface 103b and the side surface 103c constituting the inner surface thereof. ing. For convenience, the same reference numerals are used for these parts even if the processing progresses and the dimensions, positions, and the like change.

In FIG. 4, the contour of the blade portion 109 when the first cutting edge 117A is located at the valley line of the corner portion 103d is shown by a solid line. Further, the contour of the blade portion 109 before and after the contour of the solid line is shown by a two-dot chain line. In FIGS. 4, 5 (a) and 5 (b), the arrow y1 indicates the rotation direction of the spindle 19 (tool 101). Arrows y2 and y3 indicate the direction of translation in the XY plane (XY'plane) of the spindle 19 (tool 101) with respect to the table 23 (work 103).

As indicated by the plurality of contours and arrows y1 to y3 above, the first cutting edge 117A moves along the target shape (predetermined movement locus from another viewpoint) of the corner portion 103d. .. In the illustrated example, the first cutting edge 117A moves parallel to the X'axis, then bends at a right angle and moves parallel to the Y'axis. At this time, the tool 101 not only translates with respect to the work 103 in the XY plane, but also changes the rotation position around the axis CL1 of the shank 105. As a result, for example, unnecessary contact of the portion other than the first cutting edge 117A (first side surface 115A and second side surface 115B) with the work 103 can be avoided, or the rake angle and / or with respect to each of the side surfaces 103b and 103c can be avoided. The clearance angle can be secured within an appropriate angle range.

As a result of the movement of the first cutting edge 117A as described above, the work 103 is cut along the target shape. That is, the side surfaces 103b and 103c of the corner portion 103d are formed by cutting with the first cutting edge 117A. The angle of the corner portion 103d is theoretically the minimum, and can be an angle slightly larger than the blade angle of the first cutting edge 117A (in other words, the angle formed by the first side surface 115A and the second side surface 115B). .. The difference between the former and the latter is, for example, an angle for avoiding unnecessary contact of the rake face and the flank surface (first side surface 115A and second side surface 115B) with the work 103.

In the illustrated example, along with the movement of the first cutting edge 117A as described above, cutting by the second cutting edge 117B is also performed. As a result, the bottom surface (reference numeral omitted) of the recess 103a is formed. The shape of the edge portion of the bottom surface is the same as the shape of the corner portion 103d. The movement of the first cutting edge 117A as described above and the movement of the tool 101 in the −Z'direction may be repeated alternately. Alternatively, both movements may be performed at the same time (the tool 101 may move in a spiral shape). As a result, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the recess 103a having the corner portion 103d can be deepened.

In the illustrated example, the third cutting edge 117C may or may not contribute to cutting. When the tool 101 is rotated in the direction opposite to the illustrated example, the third cutting edge 117C may contribute to cutting in the same manner as the second cutting edge 117B.

(Details of tool configuration)
Return to FIGS. 2 and 3. The tool 101 is, for example, integrally formed as a whole. The material of the tool 101 may be various, including known materials. The tool 101 may be directly attached to the spindle 19 or indirectly attached to the spindle 19 via touring. Examples of touring include holders and arbor. Further, the touring may be composed of two or more members, such as including an adapter interposed between the holder and the tool 101 in addition to the holder.

In the description of the embodiment, the tool 101 (the one that directly cuts the work 103) is shown as an example of the tool according to the present disclosure. However, the combination of the tool 101 and the touring may be regarded as the tool according to the present disclosure. In this case, the description of the shank 105 may apply to the touring shank.

(shank)
The structure of the shank 105 may be various, including a known structure. For example, the shank 105 may be a columnar straight shank (illustrated example), or may be a conical trapezoidal tapered shank having a reduced diameter at the rear end side. Further, the shank 105 may have a convex portion or a concave portion on the rear end and / or the side surface for fixing to the main shaft 19 (or touring (not shown)). Further, the shank 105 may have a shape in which one surface of the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder is cut off as a flat surface. The dimensions (length, diameter, etc.) of the shank 105 may be set as appropriate.

In the shank 105 having various shapes, the position of the axial center CL1 may be appropriately specified. The position of the axial center CL1 is clear in a shank (straight shank or taper shank) having a circular cross section. That is, the axis CL1 is a line connecting the centers of the circular cross sections in the longitudinal direction. Similarly, in the shank 105 whose cross-sectional shape is a shape obtained by cutting out a part of a circle, the axis CL1 may be specified from the center of the circle. Further, since the shank 105 is rotated around the axis CL1, paradoxically, even if the axis CL1 is specified from the rotation axis (rotation center) when it is attached to the spindle 19 and rotates. good.

In the present embodiment, the tool 101 (the one that directly cuts the work 103) is supposed to have the shank 105, but the shank 105 may be omitted. For example, a tool for directly cutting the work 103, such as a front milling cutter in which an arbor is attached to a hole located at the center, may be composed of only a blade portion. As described above, the combination of the tool and the arbor may be regarded as the tool according to the present disclosure.

(neck)
The configuration of the neck 107 may be various, including known configurations. Further, as already described, the neck 107 may be omitted, and as is clear from this, the shape and dimensions of the neck 107 are arbitrary. In the illustrated example, the shape of the neck 107 is a combination of a conical table that shrinks in diameter toward the shank 105 and a cylinder connected to the conical table. In another aspect, the neck 107 has a circular cross-sectional shape centered on the axis CL1 of the shank 105 at any position in the longitudinal direction. Although not particularly shown, the neck 107 may be configured to include only a conical base. The cross section at any position in the longitudinal direction of the neck 107 may have a non-circular shape. The shape of the neck 107 may be such that the geometric center of the cross section is eccentric to the side of the first cutting edge 117A with respect to the axis CL1 as the cross section of the tip side (blade portion 109 side) is closer.

(Blade)
The specific shape and dimensions of the blade portion 109 (from another viewpoint, each surface of the blade portion 109 and each cutting edge) may be appropriately set. For example, the length (z direction) of the blade portion 109 may be longer or shorter than the diameter of the blade portion 109 (for example, the maximum diameter parallel to the xy plane; the same applies hereinafter). To give an example of the diameter range of the blade portion 109, it is 0.005 mm or more and 30 mm or less.

Further, for example, the shape of the blade portion 109 may or may not be plane-symmetrical with respect to a plane parallel to the z-axis and including the first cutting edge 117A (example in the figure). The blade portion 109 may or may not have a prismatic shape in which the shape and dimensions of the cross section (xy cross section) are substantially constant in the axial direction (z direction). For example, the blade portion 109 may have a frustum shape whose diameter becomes smaller or larger toward the side of the bottom surface 113, or may have a cone shape having no bottom surface 113, or may be twisted. It may be in shape. The configuration of the blade portion 109 may be one that can be used for rotation in any direction around the axis, or may be one that can be used for only one rotation.

(Blade surface)
Further, for example, the first side surface 115A, the second side surface 115B, and the bottom surface 113 may be planar (illustrated example) or may not be planar. An example of the latter is given.

The first side surface 115A may be configured to have a concave shape that becomes lower or a convex shape that becomes higher with respect to the first cutting edge 117A and the edge on the opposite side thereof. And / or, the first side surface 115A may be configured to have a concave shape that becomes lower or a convex shape that becomes higher with respect to the second cutting edge 117B and the edge on the opposite side thereof. Although the first side surface 115A has been described, the same applies to the second side surface 115B. However, in the above description, the term of the second cutting edge 117B is replaced with the term of the third cutting edge 117C.

Further, for example, the bottom surface 113 may be configured to have a concave shape that becomes lower or a convex shape that becomes higher with respect to the edge portion on the side of the second cutting edge 117B and the third side surface 115C. And / or, the bottom surface 113 may be configured to have a concave shape that becomes lower or a convex shape that becomes higher with respect to the edge portion on the side of the third cutting edge 117C and the third side surface 115C.

The concave or convex shape of each surface (115A, 115B or 113) described above may be realized, for example, by having each surface a curved surface, or two or more surfaces (for example, planes) in which the surfaces intersect each other. ) May be realized. Depending on the concave or convex shape of each surface, for example, the rake angle or clearance angle may be adjusted, or the flow of chips may be adjusted.

Each surface (115A, 115B or 113) may have a convex portion and / or a concave portion in a small area with respect to the area of each surface while being planar, concave or convex as a whole. Such protrusions and / or recesses may contribute, for example, to chip flow and / or chip breakage.

The entire surface (in the case of a flat surface), the portion connected to the first cutting edge 117A, and / or the portion connected to the second cutting edge 117B of the first side surface 115A is parallel to the axis CL1 of the shank 105. It may be inclined (example in the figure) or it may be inclined. In the latter case, the entire and / or the above portion of the first side surface 115A may be inclined in a direction in which the clearance angle for the second cutting edge 117B is increased, or may be inclined in a direction in which the clearance angle is decreased. Although the first side surface 115A has been described, the same applies to the second side surface 115B. However, in the above description, the term of the second cutting edge 117B is replaced with the term of the third cutting edge 117C. Such an inclination may, for example, adjust the rake or clearance angle or adjust the flow of chips.

The bottom surface 113 has a portion (in the case of a flat surface), a portion connected to the second cutting edge 117B, and / or a portion connected to the third cutting edge 117C, orthogonal to the axis CL1 of the shank 105 (here). "Orthogonal" is a word that defines the orientation, and it is not essential that they intersect (the example shown in the figure), or it does not have to be orthogonal. For example, the entire bottom surface 113 and / or the portion connected to the second cutting edge 117B may be inclined so as to be located closer to the shank 105 as the distance from the second cutting edge 117B increases. And / or the entire bottom surface 113 and / or the portion connected to the third cutting edge 117C may be inclined so as to be located closer to the shank 105 as the distance from the third cutting edge 117C increases. With such an inclination, for example, the clearance angle for the second cutting edge 117B and / or the third cutting edge 117C may be adjusted.

In the illustrated example, the third side surface 115C has a curved surface shape. The curved surface is an arc in a cross section orthogonal to the z-axis. However, in the illustrated example, since the third side surface 115C does not directly contribute to cutting, its shape may be arbitrary. For example, unlike the illustrated example, the third side surface 115C may have a planar shape or, contrary to the illustrated example, may have a concave curved surface shape. Further, the third side surface 115C may be parallel to the axis CL1 of the shank 105 or may be inclined.

It has been described that the shape of the blade portion 109 may be a frustum shape. As is clear from this, the planar shapes of the first side surface 115A and the second side surface 115B and the planar shape when the third side surface 115C is expanded do not have to be rectangular. For example, these shapes may be trapezoidal or parallelogram, or may have a curved outer edge. Further, the planar shape of the bottom surface 113 does not have to be fan-shaped, and may be, for example, a triangle, a rectangle, or another polygon.

(Blade cutting edge)
As can be understood from the above description, the shape and dimensions of each cutting edge (117A, 117B or 117C) may be appropriately set.

For example, the first cutting edge 117A may extend over the entire length of the ridge line formed by the first side surface 115A and the second side surface 115B (example in the figure), or a part of the total length (for example, a part connected to the bottom surface 113). It may be located only in. The first cutting edge 117A (and / or the above-mentioned ridgeline; the same shall apply hereinafter in this paragraph) may be linear (illustrated example) or may be curved. In the latter case, for example, the first cutting edge 117A may be curved in a convex or concave shape when viewed perpendicular to the z direction and parallel to the first side surface 115A, and / or perpendicular to the z direction. It may be bent in a convex or concave shape when viewed in parallel with the second side surface 115B. Further, the convex shape or the concave shape may be realized by, for example, a curved line, or may be formed by the intersection of two or more straight lines. Further, the first cutting edge 117A may be bent as if it were a part of a spiral. The first cutting edge 117A may be entirely (in the case of a straight line) or a part (for example, a part connected to the bottom surface 113) parallel to the axis CL1 (z direction) of the shank 105 (not shown). Example), it may be inclined. In the latter case, all or part of the first cutting edge 117A may be inclined so as to be located on the third side surface 115C side toward the shank 105 side with respect to the axial center CL1, or the opposite side thereof. May be tilted to.

The second cutting edge 117B may extend over the entire length of the ridge line formed by the first side surface 115A and the bottom surface 113 (example in the figure), or may cover a part of the total length (for example, a part connected to the first cutting edge 117A). May only be located. The second cutting edge 117B (and / or the above ridgeline; the same shall apply hereinafter in this paragraph) may be linear (illustrated example) or may be curved. In the latter case, for example, the second cutting edge 117B may be curved in a convex or concave shape when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the z direction and intersecting (for example, orthogonal to) the first side surface 115A. Alternatively, it may be bent into a convex or concave shape when viewed parallel to the z direction. The convex or concave shape may be realized by, for example, a curved line, or may be formed by the intersection of two or more straight lines. The second cutting edge 117B may be completely (in the case of a straight line) or a part (for example, a part connected to the first cutting edge 117A) perpendicular to the axis CL1 (z direction) of the shank 105. (Example in the figure), it may be inclined with respect to a plane (xy plane) orthogonal to the z direction. In the latter case, all or part of the second cutting edge 117B may be inclined so as to be located closer to the shank 105, for example, as the distance from the first cutting edge 117A increases.

The description of the second cutting edge 117B in the above paragraph may be incorporated into the third cutting edge 117C. However, the first side surface 115A is replaced with the second side surface 115B.

In the description of the present embodiment, the entire portion having a diameter smaller than that of the neck 107 is described as the blade portion 109. However, as described above, in the embodiment in which the first cutting edge 117A is located only in a part of the ridge line formed by the first side surface 115A and the second side surface 115B, the first cutting edge 117A exists in the z direction. Only the range may be defined as the blade. The maximum diameter of the blade or the maximum distance described below may be the maximum value of the blade defined as described above.

As described above, when viewed in parallel with the axis CL1 of the shank 105 (viewed in the z direction), the distance between the first cutting edge 117A and the axis CL1 (hereinafter, may be referred to as a first distance). ) Is the maximum distance between the outer peripheral surface 111 of the blade portion 109 and the axial center CL1 (in the illustrated example, the distance between the axial center CL1 and the third side surface 115C. Hereinafter, it may be referred to as a second distance). Shorter than. When the first cutting edge 117A is not in a straight line parallel to the axis CL1, the position of the end portion of the first cutting edge 117A on the bottom surface 113 side may be referred to as the position of the first cutting edge 117A. Further, the first distance may be specified based on the position of the end portion.

The difference in magnitude between the first distance and the second distance may be set as appropriate. For example, the first distance may be 1/2 or less, 1/5 or less, or 1/10 or less of the second distance (or the maximum diameter of the blade portion 109). Further, the first distance may be 0. That is, the first cutting edge 117A may be located on the axis CL1 (strictly speaking, on its extension). However, it goes without saying that even if it is located on the axis CL1, there may be some deviation. For example, if the deviation between the first cutting edge 117A and the axis CL1 is 2% or less of the maximum diameter of the blade portion 109 or the second distance, the first cutting edge 117A is located on the axis CL1. It can be said that there is.

When the first distance is not 0, the first cutting edge 117A may be located in any direction with respect to the axial center CL1. For example, the first cutting edge 117A may be located on the side facing the first cutting edge 117A with respect to the axial center CL1 (the side opposite to the third side surface 115C), or may be located on the third side surface 115C side. May be. Further, when viewed in parallel with the axis CL1, the line connecting the first cutting edge 117A and the axis CL1 has an angle formed by the first side surface 115A and the second side surface 115B (the blade angle of the first cutting edge 117A). It may or may not be divided into two equal parts.

The blade angle of the first cutting edge 117A may be appropriately set within a range of less than 180 °. It should be noted that the blade angle is the angle formed by the rake face and the flank surface. In the illustrated example, the blade angle of the first cutting edge 117A is the angle formed by the first side surface 115A and the second side surface 115B, and is the same as the angle formed by the second cutting edge 117B and the third cutting edge 117C. It is the size. Theoretically, if the blade angle of the first cutting edge 117A is less than 180 °, cutting by the first cutting edge 117A is possible.

The blade angle of the first cutting edge 117A may be, for example, 150 ° or less, 120 ° or less, 90 ° or less (or less than 90 °), 60 ° or less, or 30 ° or less. By setting such an angle, for example, as described above, it is possible to form a corner portion 103d having a angle smaller than the angle. When the blade angle of the first cutting edge 117A is not constant with respect to the position in the z direction, the above example of the upper limit of the blade angle may be applied to the entire first cutting edge 117A, or a part thereof. It may be applied to (for example, a part connected to the bottom surface 113). The lower limit of the blade angle of the first cutting edge 117A is theoretically not particularly limited. However, if the blade angle is too small, the strength of the cutting edge will decrease.

The blade angles of the second cutting edge 117B and the third cutting edge 117C may also be appropriately set. Theoretically, these cutting edges can also be set within a range of less than 180 °. The cutting edge angle of these cutting edges may be, for example, 120 ° or less, 90 ° or less, or 60 ° or less, and may be 30 ° or more, 60 ° or more, or 90 ° or more. These upper and lower limits may be combined with any combination as long as there is no contradiction. By setting the blade angles of the second cutting edge 117B and / or the third cutting edge 117C within such a range, for example, the rake angle and the clearance angle for these cutting edges can be appropriately set. The rake angle for these cutting edges may be a positive angle, a zero angle, or a negative angle.

(Details of how to use the tool)
As described with reference to FIG. 4, when the tool 101 is viewed in a direction parallel to the axis CL1 of the shank 105 (Z'direction), the first cutting edge 117A follows the target shape of the work 103. Exercise with respect to the work 103 to move. Further, the tool 101 has a rotation position around the axis CL1 and a relative position with respect to the work 103 in the X'Y'plane (in other words, the rotation position of the spindle 19 and the table 23 of the spindle 19 so that such motion is performed. The relative position in the XY plane with respect to) is controlled. The specific embodiment may be appropriate.

For example, the rotation position may be set only from the viewpoint of avoiding unnecessary contact of the rake face and the flank surface of the blade portion 109 with the work 103 (side surfaces 103b and 103c). Further, it may be set from the viewpoint of ensuring a rake angle and a clearance angle with a certain size. The specific sizes of the rake angle and the clearance angle may be set as appropriate.

In the example of FIG. 4, the tool 101 gradually rotates as the first cutting edge 117A approaches the valley line of the corner portion 103d, and the tool gradually rotates as the first cutting edge 117A moves away from the valley line of the corner portion 103d. 101 is rotating. The rotation speed (angular velocity) of the tool 101 at this time, or the ratio of the rotation angle of the tool 101 to the moving distance of the first cutting edge 117A may be constant or may change. If it changes, the rotational speed or the ratio may increase or decrease as it approaches (and / or moves away from) the valley line. Specific values of the rotation speed and the above ratio may be appropriately set.

Unlike the example of FIG. 4, the tool 101 is moved in one direction (X'in the illustrated example) while keeping the rotation position constant (from another viewpoint, the rake angle and clearance angle of the first cutting edge 117A are kept constant). It may be moved relative to the direction). After the first cutting edge 117A reaches the valley line (the target position) of the corner portion 103d, the rotation position of the tool 101 is changed, and the rotation position after the change is maintained in another direction (in the illustrated example). The tool 101 may be relatively moved in the Y'direction). At this time, the rake angle (and clearance angle) may be the same or different between the movement in one direction and the movement in the other direction.

The relative speed of the first cutting edge 117A with respect to the work 103 may be constant or may change. In the case of change, the speed of relative movement may change according to the change in the distance of the corner portion 103d from the valley line, and / or the rotation position of the tool 101 (in another viewpoint, the first cutting edge). It may change according to the change of the rake angle and the clearance angle of 117A). Further, a specific value of the relative speed may be set as appropriate.

FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment in which the axial center CL1 and the first cutting edge 117A coincide with each other when viewed in the Z'direction. In this embodiment, basically (ignoring the error), the position of the first cutting edge 117A in the X'Y'plane does not change due to the rotation of the spindle 19. Therefore, the relative movement of the spindle 19 with respect to the table 23 may be along the target shape of the work 103 (side surfaces 103b and 103c). For example, in the illustrated example, the spindle 19 may move parallel to the table 23 in the X'direction and then in the Y'direction.

Unlike the example of FIG. 4, when the first cutting edge 117A is separated from the axis CL1, the first cutting edge 117A moves in the X'Y'plane due to the rotation of the spindle 19. At this time, the spindle 19 may be moved relative to the table 23 so that the movement of the first cutting edge 117A due to the rotation of the spindle 19 is cancelled. At this time, all of the movement caused by the rotation of the spindle 19 may be canceled, or only a part of the movement may be canceled. For example, when the first cutting edge 117A should be moved in parallel in the X'direction, only the movement of the first cutting edge 117A in the Y'direction due to the rotation of the spindle 19 may be canceled, or the movement of the spindle 19 in the Y'direction may be cancelled. Both the movement of the first cutting edge 117A in the X'direction and the movement in the Y'direction due to the rotation may be canceled.

The method of calculating the amount of movement of the first cutting edge 117A in the X'Y'plane (or XY plane) due to the rotation of the spindle 19 is self-evident. Specifically, the movement amount is the distance between the axis CL1 specified in advance and the first cutting edge 117A, and the angle with respect to the X'axis and the Y'axis in the direction of the distance (in another viewpoint, the main axis). It is calculated based on the value of the trigonometric function based on the rotation position of 19). A person skilled in the art can easily derive a method for calculating the relative movement amount (coordinate conversion method) between the spindle 19 and the table 23 in the X direction and the Y direction for canceling the movement amount. Therefore, detailed description of these calculation methods will be omitted.

(Structure of control system of the main body of the processing machine)
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the control system of the processing machine main body 2.

As described above, the processing machine main body 2 has a control device 5. The control device 5 controls various drive sources (25X, 25Y, 25Z and 25R) based on the detection values of various sensors (27X, 27Y, 27Z and 27R), for example.

Hereinafter, first, a configuration and an operation that may be similar to a known configuration and operation will be described. Specifically, the configuration of the drive source, the configuration of the sensor, the hardware of the control device 5, and the basic operation of the control device 5 will be described in order. After that, among the operations (controls) of the control device 5, the operation for realizing the relative motion of the tool 101 described with reference to FIG. 4 and the like will be described.

(Motor and sensor)
The X-axis drive source 25X drives the table 23 in the X direction with respect to the X-axis bed 21. In other words, the X-axis drive source 25X generates a driving force that relatively moves the tool 101 and the work 103 in the X direction. The X-axis drive source 25X may be configured by, for example, an electric motor.

The Y-axis drive source 25Y drives the saddle 13 in the Y direction with respect to the cross rail 11. In other words, the Y-axis drive source 25Y generates a driving force that relatively moves the tool 101 and the work 103 in the Y direction. The Y-axis drive source 25Y may be configured by, for example, an electric motor.

The Z-axis drive source 25Z drives the spindle head 17 in the Z direction with respect to the Z-axis bed 15 (saddle 13). In other words, the Z-axis drive source 25Z generates a driving force that relatively moves the tool 101 and the work 103 in the Z direction. The Z-axis drive source 25Z may be configured by, for example, an electric motor.

The electric motor constituting the X-axis drive source 25X, the Y-axis drive source 25Y and / or the Z-axis drive source 25Z may be a linear motor or a rotary motor. In the latter case, the rotary motion of the motor is converted into a linear motion (translational motion) by an appropriate mechanism such as a ball screw mechanism and transmitted to the drive target (23, 13 or 17). It should be noted that these drive sources can also be other drive sources such as hydraulic equipment.

In the following, among the mechanical parts 3, the entire component (in other words, the drive source) that generates a driving force for moving the tool 101 (main shaft 19) and the work 103 (table 23) in parallel (here, X). The shaft drive source 25X, the Y-axis drive source 25Y, and the Z-axis drive source 25Z) may be referred to as a drive unit 24.

The spindle drive source 25R drives the spindle 19 around the spindle head 17 with respect to the spindle head 17. In other words, the spindle drive source 25R generates a driving force that causes the tool 101 to rotate relative to the work 103 around the axis CL1 of the shank 105. The spindle drive source 25R may be configured by, for example, a rotary motor. The spindle drive source 25R can also be used as another drive source such as a pneumatic device.

The X-axis sensor 27X is a position sensor that detects the position of the table 23 with respect to the bed 21 in the X direction. In other words, the X-axis sensor 27X detects the relative position of the tool 101 and the work 103 in the X direction.

The Y-axis sensor 27Y is a position sensor that detects the position of the saddle 13 in the Y direction with respect to the cross rail 11. In other words, the Y-axis sensor 27Y detects the relative position of the tool 101 and the work 103 in the Y direction.

The Z-axis sensor 27Z is a position sensor that detects the position of the spindle head 17 with respect to the Z-axis bed 15 in the Z direction. In other words, the Z-axis sensor 27Z detects the relative position of the tool 101 and the work 103 in the Z direction.

The configurations of the X-axis sensor 27X, the Y-axis sensor 27Y, and the Z-axis sensor 27Z may be various including known configurations. For example, these position sensors may be configured by a linear encoder or a laser length measuring instrument. Since the velocity is calculated by differentiating the distance, the position sensor may be regarded as a velocity sensor.

The detection accuracy of these position sensors may be, for example, equal to or higher than the positioning accuracy in the above-mentioned Cartesian coordinate system XYZ of the mechanical unit 3. For example, the detection accuracy may be 1 μm or less, 0.1 μm or less, 10 nm or less, or 1 nm or less.

As understood from the above description, and as described below, the three-axis sensors (27X, 27Y and 27Z) are full based on the position of the final controlled member (13, 17 and 23). It contributes to the feedback control of the closed loop. This improves the positioning accuracy. However, the position sensor may be considered to contribute to the feedback control of the so-called semi-closed loop.

The rotation sensor 27R detects the rotational position of the spindle 19 with respect to the spindle head 17 around the axis (around the axis of the spindle 19). In other words, the rotation sensor 27R detects the rotation position of the shank 105 with respect to the work 103 of the tool 101 around the axis CL1.

The rotation sensor 27R may be, for example, an encoder or a resolver. The rotation sensor 27R may be attached to the spindle head 17 and the spindle 19 to directly detect the rotation of the spindle 19, or may be attached to the stator and rotor of the spindle drive source 25R to rotate the spindle drive source 25R. May be detected.

(Control device)
The control device 5 includes, for example, a computer and a driver (for example, a servo driver), although not particularly shown. The computer may configure an NC (numerical control) device. The computer is configured to include, for example, a CPU (central processing unit), a ROM (read only memory), a RAM (random access memory), and an external storage device, although not particularly shown. By executing the program stored in the ROM and / or the external storage device by the CPU, various functional units that perform control and the like are constructed. The control device 5 may include a logic circuit that performs only a constant operation. The computers may be integrated into one in terms of hardware, or may be distributed to a plurality of computers (from another viewpoint, a plurality of locations).

In FIG. 6, as the functional unit constructed as described above, the control operation unit 29 that controls the above-mentioned electric motors (25X, 25Y, 25Z and 25R) is shown. The control operation unit 29 has a plurality of lower functional units (31, 33, 35X, 35Y, 35Z and 35R). Further, in FIG. 6, the ROM, the RAM, and / or the external storage device are comprehensively conceptualized and illustrated as the memory 30. The memory 30 holds various information (37, 39, 41) referred to by the control operation unit 29.

The shape data 37 of the memory 30 has information on the target shape of the work 103. The shape data 37 may be, for example, CAD (computer aided design) data. The shape data 37 may be input to the memory 30 from the outside via, for example, communication (wired or wireless) or a recording medium. Further, the shape data 37 may be simple shape data input by an operation on an input device (not shown) by the user.

The NC program creation unit 31 of the control operation unit 29 generates an NC program 39 based on the shape data 37 and records it in the memory 30. That is, the NC program creation unit 31 functions as a so-called CAM (computer aided manufacturing).

The NC program 39 contains information on commands relating to the driving of various motors (25X, 25Y, 25Z and 25R). For example, the NC program 39 includes information on a plurality of commands relating to relative movement in the X, Y, and / or Z directions of the spindle 19 with respect to the table 23. Examples of the information of each command include information on the target position (target coordinates), the moving distance, and the moving speed. Further, unlike the present embodiment, when a general rotary tool is used, the information of the rotation speed (rotation speed) can be mentioned as the information of the command.

The control data creation unit 33 generates control data 41 based on the NC program 39. At this time, the control data creation unit 33 interprets the NC program 39, interpolates the command value specified by the NC program 39, and the like. That is, the control data creation unit 33 functions as a part of the NC device.

The control data 41 holds, for example, information on the target position of each axis for each predetermined control cycle. In the illustrated example, the information contained in the control data 41 is represented by a table. In the first row of the table, the target positions of the three axes at the time point t ₀ (target position X ₀ in the X direction, target position Y ₀ in the Y direction, and target position Z ₀ in the Z direction) are recorded in association with each other. It represents that. The second line shows that the target positions (X ₁ , Y ₁ and Z ₁ ) of the three axes at the time point t ₁ are recorded in association with each other. The time difference between the time point t ₀ and the time point t ₁ is the above-mentioned control cycle. Similarly, it is shown that the target positions of the three axes for each subsequent control cycle are associated and stored in the third and subsequent lines.

It should be noted that the table of FIG. 6 is merely a conceptual one for explaining the control data 41, and the mode of recording the actual information may be variously modified. For example, each line may not contain time information. Then, the information of the control cycle and the information of the order between the rows may be recorded separately from the plurality of rows. Information on the order of rows may be omitted by sequentially storing information on a plurality of rows in a storage area having consecutive addresses.

The control data 41 may be appropriately created. For example, from the NC program 39, information on a plurality of positions passing sequentially and a speed information between the plurality of positions is acquired with respect to the relative movement of the spindle 19 with respect to the table 23. Then, a plurality of target positions to be reached sequentially may be set between the two positions based on the two positions passing sequentially and the speed between the two positions. Such a calculation may be performed for each axis.

The integrated control unit 34 reads out the control data 41 and inputs the read target position to the three-axis control unit (35X, 35Y and 35Z). Specifically, for each control cycle, the target positions for each row in FIG. 6 are sequentially input in the order defined by the control data 41. In addition, the target positions of the three axes (target positions in each row) associated with each other are distributed to the control units of the three axes (the target positions of the axes corresponding to the self are input to the control unit of each axis). ).

The X-axis control unit 35X performs feedback control so that the position of the spindle 19 in the X direction based on the value detected from the X-axis sensor 27X becomes the target position in the X direction input from the integrated control unit 34. This control may be known, for example, in which a velocity feedback loop and an acceleration or current feedback loop are incorporated as minor loops within the position feedback loop. Although the X-axis control unit 35X has been described, the above description may be incorporated into the Y-axis control unit 35Y and the Z-axis control unit 35Z by substituting X with Y or Z.

The three-axis target positions associated with each other are input to the three-axis control units (35X, 35Y and 35Z) substantially simultaneously by the integrated control unit 34, so that the three-axis control units can mutually. Control is performed so that the associated target positions of the three axes are simultaneously realized. That is, the three-axis position control is synchronized.

As can be understood from the above description, the NC program creation unit 31 is a memory and a functional unit that functions as a CAM. From the part that holds the NC program 39, it is a memory and a functional part that functions as an NC device. The control device 5 may have only an NC device. In this case, the NC program 39 may be input by, for example, an operation on an input device (not shown) by the user, or may be input via a recording medium. Further, the CAM and the NC device may be connected via wired or wireless communication.

(Control to move the first cutting edge along the movement trajectory, etc.)
Hereinafter, an example of the configuration and operation in the control device 5 for realizing the relative motion of the tool 101 with respect to the work 103 described with reference to FIG. 4 and the like will be described.

The control data 41 may have information on the target rotation position of the spindle 19 in addition to the information on the target positions of the three axes (X, Y and Z) for each control cycle. In FIG. 6, it is expressed that the target positions of the three axes and the target rotation positions are stored in association with each other by the target positions θ ₀ , θ ₁ , θ ₂ , θ ₃ , ... In each row of the table. ..

As described above, the integrated control unit 34 inputs the target positions of the three axes defined by the control data 41 to the control units (35X, 35Y and 35Z) of the three axes for each control cycle. At this time, the integrated control unit 34 may input the target rotation position associated with the target position of the three axes to the rotation control unit 35R.

The rotation control unit 35R may perform feedback control so that the rotation position around the spindle 19 based on the value detected from the rotation sensor 27R becomes the target rotation position input from the integrated control unit 34. This control may include, for example, a velocity feedback loop and an acceleration or current feedback loop as minor loops in the position feedback loop, similar to the position feedback control for parallel movement. .. Further, such control may be simplified or modified.

In this way, the three-axis target positions and rotation target positions associated with each other are input to the three-axis control units (35X, 35Y and 35Z) and the rotation control unit 35R substantially simultaneously by the integrated control unit 34. As a result, these four control units are controlled so that the four target positions associated with each other are simultaneously realized. That is, the three-axis position control and the rotation position control are synchronized. As a result, the tool 101 can be translated while rotating the tool 101 so that the first cutting edge 107A moves along the target shape (desired movement locus) of the work 103.

As described above, the target rotation position may be set from an appropriate viewpoint such as reduction of unnecessary contact or securing of a rake angle. Further, in the embodiment in which the first cutting edge 117A is not located at the axis of the spindle 19 (the axis CL1 of the shank 105), the target positions in the X and Y directions are the first cutting edges according to the target rotation position. It may be set to cancel the movement of 117A in the XY plane. These settings or operations may be appropriately performed until the control data 41 input to the integrated control unit 34 is created.

For example, the NC program creation unit 31 specifies a portion from the shape data 37 to move the first cutting edge 117A along the target shape (a portion to which the method of using the rotary tool 101 described with reference to FIG. 4 or the like is applied). You can do it. This specification may be performed only by the NC program creation unit 31, or may be performed based on an operation on an input device (not shown) by the user.

Then, the NC program creation unit 31 sets, for example, a target position and a target rotation position in the X and Y directions for moving the first cutting edge 117A along the target shape (movement locus) of the specified portion. The combination of may be calculated. The calculation of this combination may be performed for a plurality of positions on the movement locus. The plurality of positions may be set by the NC program creation unit 31 or may be set by an operation on an input device (not shown) by the user. In the former case, the interval between the plurality of positions may be set by the NC program creation unit 31 or may be set by an operation on an input device (not shown) by the user. Further, in addition to setting a plurality of positions, the speed between two adjacent positions on the movement locus may be set by the NC program creation unit 31 or the user. The NC program creation unit 31 may calculate the target moving speed and the target rotation speed in the X and Y directions in which the speed is realized.

After that, the NC program creation unit 31 may create an NC program 39 including the information calculated as described above. As described above, this NC program 39 is converted into control data 41 by the control data creation unit 33, and is used by the control units (35X to 35R) of each axis. The NC program 39 may be created not by the NC program creation unit 31 but by an operation on an input device (not shown) by the user.

Unlike the above example, the NC program 39 does not directly hold the information on the target position and the target moving speed in the X and Y directions, and the target rotation position and the target rotation speed, but instead uses the first cutting edge 117A. It may include a specific code instructing it to move along a movement trajectory. The NC program 39 may include information that can specify the movement locus (for example, command information when it is assumed that the axis of the spindle 19 is moved along the movement locus) in association with this specific code. Then, when the specific code and the information of the movement locus are read out, the control data creation unit 33 performs the same calculation as the NC program creation unit 31 described above, and the control data 41 is based on the calculated information. May be created.

The positioning accuracy (error) of the rotation position of the spindle 19 may be appropriately set. For example, the positioning accuracy may be 1 ° or less, 0.1 ° or less, 0.01 ° or less, or 0.001 ° or less. The detection accuracy of the rotation sensor 27R may be equal to or higher than the above positioning accuracy.

The rotation speed of the spindle drive source 25R (for example, the rated rotation speed; the same shall apply hereinafter in this paragraph) can be made lower than the rotation speed of a general spindle drive source if only the use of the tool 101 is considered. be. However, it may be rotatable at a relatively high speed so that a normal rotary tool other than the tool 101 can be used. For example, the rotation speed of the spindle drive source 25R may be 1000 rpm (revolutions per minute) or more, 10,000 rpm or more, or 20,000 rpm or more.

When the tool 101 is attached to the spindle 19, if the tool 101 is tilted with respect to the axis 19 of the spindle 19, for example, with respect to the position of the first cutting edge 117A according to the rotation position of the tool 101, it is actually There is a discrepancy between the value of and the expected value. Therefore, the processing machine main body 2 may have a function of detecting the tool reference angle.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the rotary tool 101 rotated around the axis and used has a shank 105 and a blade portion 109 located on the tip end side of the shank 105. The blade portion 109 has an outer peripheral surface 111 exposed to the outside of the tool 101 over one circumference around the axis of the tool 101. The outer peripheral surface 111 has a first cutting edge 117A having a length in the axial direction of the tool 101. When viewed in parallel with the axial center CL1 of the shank 105, the distance (first distance) between the first cutting edge 117A and the axial center CL1 is larger than the maximum distance (second distance) between the outer peripheral surface 111 and the axial center CL1. Is also short.

From another viewpoint, the processing machine 1 has a rotary tool 101, a spindle 19, a work holding unit (table 23), a spindle drive source 25R, a drive unit 24, and a control device 5. The tool 101 has a blade portion 109. A tool 101 is fixed to the spindle 19. The table 23 holds the work 103. The spindle drive source 25R rotates the spindle 19 around the axis. The drive unit 24 relatively moves the spindle 19 and the table 23 in at least two directions (X direction and Y direction) orthogonal to the axial direction of the spindle 19. The control device 5 controls the spindle drive source 25R and the drive unit 24. The blade portion 109 has an outer peripheral surface 111 exposed to the outside of the tool 101 over one circumference around the axis of the tool 101. The outer peripheral surface 111 has a first cutting edge 117A having a length in the axial direction of the tool 101. When viewed in parallel with the axis of the spindle 19 (see the axis CL1 of the shank 105), the distance (first distance) between the first cutting edge 117A and the axis of the spindle 19 is the outer peripheral surface 111 and the spindle 19. It is shorter than the maximum distance (second distance) from the axis.

From yet another viewpoint, the manufacturing method for manufacturing a workpiece (work 103 after cutting) by cutting the work 103 with the blade portion 109 of the rotary tool 101 has a moving step (FIG. 4). In the moving step, the rotary tool 101 is rotated around a predetermined axis of rotation (see the axis CL1 of the shank 105), and the tool 101 and the work 103 are rotated in at least two directions (X direction and Y direction) orthogonal to the rotation axis. And are relatively translated. The blade portion 109 has an outer peripheral surface 111 exposed to the outside of the tool 101 over one circumference around the axis of the tool 101. The outer peripheral surface 111 has a first cutting edge 117A having a length in the axial direction of the tool 101. Seen parallel to the axis of rotation, the distance between the first cutting edge 117A and the axis of rotation (first distance) is shorter than the maximum distance between the outer peripheral surface 111 and the axis of rotation (second distance). In the moving step, the work 103 is cut by the first cutting edge 117A.

As described above, in the known rotary tool, the cutting edge on the outer peripheral surface is from the axial center of the shank on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting edge so that the portion other than the cutting edge on the outer peripheral surface does not interfere with the work. It is installed at the position where the distance is the longest. Compared to the case where the cutting edge of the outer peripheral surface of the rotary tool is moved along the target shape of the work 103, in the present embodiment, for example, the first cutting edge 117A accompanying the rotation of the tool 101 around the axis CL1 The amount of movement in the XY plane is reduced. As a result, for example, the influence of the mounting error around the axis of the tool 101 with respect to the spindle 19 on the positional deviation of the first cutting edge 117A in the XY plane is reduced. As a result, the processing accuracy is improved. Further, for example, the influence of the error of the rotation position or the rotation speed of the spindle 19 on the error of the position or the speed of the first cutting edge 117A in the XY plane is also reduced. From this point of view, the processing accuracy is improved. Further, the moving speed required for the drive unit 24 in order to cancel the moving speed of the first cutting edge 117A in the XY plane according to the rotation speed of the main shaft 19 is also lowered. The first cutting edge 117A is a point of action of cutting resistance, and by shortening the distance between this point of action and the rotation axis, the rotational moment due to cutting resistance can be reduced. As a result, the load on the servo system (spindle drive source 25R, etc.) that controls the rotation position of the tool 101 can be reduced.

The outer peripheral surface 111 may have a first side surface 115A and a second side surface 115B that intersects the first side surface 115A and forms a ridge line that forms a first cutting edge 117A.

The above configuration is usually an essential requirement for the first cutting edge 117A having an axial length. However, as is understood from known end mills, the tools according to the present disclosure may be tools with special orientations of the cutting edge, rake face and flank surface. In this case, it may be difficult to identify the two aspects. Conversely, the tool 101 capable of identifying the first side surface 115A and the second side surface 115B is compared with a tool having a special orientation such as a cutting edge (such a tool may also be included in the technique according to the present disclosure). Therefore, the length of the first cutting edge 117A is sufficiently secured in the axial direction, which is advantageous for forming the corner portion 103d.

The blade portion 109 may have a bottom surface 113 facing opposite to the shank 105. The first side surface 115A and the bottom surface 113 may form a ridge line that intersects with each other to form a second cutting edge 117B.

In this case, for example, as described with reference to FIGS. 5A and 5B, the bottom surface of the recess 103a is cut by the second cutting edge 117B to deepen the recess 103a. Can be done. In the machining of deepening such a recess, the tool 101 alternately repeats the movement along the XY plane and the movement in the Z direction, or both are performed at the same time (the tool 101 moves in a spiral shape). ). At this time, transfer marks (linear marks along the corner movement path) of the corners formed by the first cutting edge 117A and the second cutting edge 117B are formed on the side surfaces 103b and 103c of the recess 103a. Sometimes. However, since the first cutting edge 117A is formed by the ridge line where the first side surface 115A and the second side surface 115B intersect (the length of the first cutting edge 117A is secured in the axial direction), the transfer mark The probability of formation is reduced.

The second side surface 115B and the bottom surface 113 may form a ridge line that intersects with each other to form the third cutting edge 117C.

In this case, for example, the bottom surface of the recess 103a can be cut by the third cutting edge 117C in addition to the second cutting edge 117B, and the processing speed is improved. And / or, the degree of freedom in the rotation direction of the tool 101 is improved.

The outer peripheral surface 111 intersects the edge portion of the first side surface 115A opposite to the first cutting edge 117A and the edge portion of the second side surface 115B opposite to the first cutting edge 117A, and constitutes a cutting edge. It may have a third side surface 115C which is not.

In this case, for example, the third side surface 115C does not have to form a cutting edge, so that the degree of freedom in shape and dimensions is high. As a result, for example, it becomes easy to secure the strength of the blade portion 109 and prevent a portion other than the cutting edge from interfering with the work 103. For example, in the embodiment, the third side surface 115C has a curved surface shape that bulges outward when viewed in the axial direction, and the shape contributes to ensuring the strength of the blade portion 109.

When viewed in parallel with the axial center CL1 of the shank 105, the distance (first distance) between the first cutting edge 117A and the axial center CL1 is the maximum distance (second distance) between the outer peripheral surface 111 and the axial center CL1. It may be less than half.

In this case, for example, it can be said that the first distance is sufficiently short with respect to the second distance. Therefore, the effect of the above-mentioned first distance being shorter than the second distance is improved.

Seen parallel to the axis CL1 of the shank 105, the first cutting edge 117A (when the first cutting edge 117A is not parallel to the axis CL1 as described above, the tip of the first cutting edge 117A may be referred to. ) May be located at the axis CL1 of the shank 105.

In this case, for example, since the first distance is substantially 0, the effect of the above-mentioned first distance being shorter than the second distance is further improved.

In the processing machine 1, the control device 5 (for example, NC program creation unit 31) may acquire information (for example, shape data 37) of a predetermined movement locus in a plane including two directions (X direction and Y direction). The control device 5 (for example, NC program creation unit 31 and control data creation unit 33) has a target value (for example, included in the control data 41) for moving the first cutting edge 117A along the movement locus based on the acquired information. Target value) may be calculated. The target value is the rotation position (not the number of rotations) around the axis of the spindle 19 and the target value for each predetermined cycle of the relative positions of the spindle 19 and the work holding portion (table 23) in the above two directions. May include. The control device 5 (integrated control unit 34, X-axis control unit 35X, Y-axis control unit 35Y, Z-axis control unit 35Z, and rotation control unit 35R) drives the spindle drive source 25R and drives so that the calculated target value is realized. The unit 24 may be controlled.

From another point of view, in the moving step (FIG. 4) of the manufacturing method of the workpiece, the control of the rotational position of the rotary tool 101 and the control of the relative position in two directions (X direction and Y direction) are synchronized. The first cutting edge 117A may be moved along the target shape of the work 103.

In this case, for example, when the corner portion 103d is formed, on both the side surfaces 103b and 103c, as compared with the embodiment in which only translation is performed (the embodiment may also be included in the technique according to the present disclosure). It is easy to secure the rake angle and clearance angle within an appropriate range. As a result, it is easy to improve the processing accuracy or the surface properties of the side surfaces 103b and 103c.

In the method for manufacturing a workpiece, the target shape of the work 103 may include a corner shape (corner corner 103d) having a radius of curvature of less than half of the maximum diameter of the blade portion 109 when viewed in the direction of rotation axis.

That is, the tool 101 may be used for forming a corner shape having a small R or substantially no R. Since such a shape usually requires higher machining accuracy, the above-mentioned various effects (for example, error reduction) of the tool 101 are effectively exhibited.

<Second Embodiment>
FIG. 7A is a schematic diagram illustrating the processing method according to the second embodiment, and corresponds to FIG. 4.

Also in the second embodiment, as indicated by the arrows y1 to y3, the blade portion 109 may be rotated and translated with respect to the work 103. Further, in the second embodiment, the blade portion 109 may vibrate with respect to the work 103 as shown by the arrow y5. In other words, a machining method for cutting by vibrating the cutting edge (117A, 117B and / or 117C) may be combined with the first embodiment. When the blade portion 109 is used for cutting by vibration, unlike the example shown in the figure, the blade portion 109 may be operated so as not to rotate around the axis.

The specific mode of vibration may be appropriate. For example, the vibration may draw an elliptical orbit (illustrated example) when the rotation and translation of the spindle 19 with respect to the table 23 are ignored (hereinafter, the same applies), and the vibration draws a circular orbit. It may be present or it may be one that vibrates linearly. The relationship between the direction of the long axis of the elliptical orbit or the direction of linear vibration and the target shape (moving locus of the first cutting edge 117A) may be appropriately set. For example, the former may be orthogonal to the latter or may be inclined. The tilt may be a tilt in the X'Y'plane and / or a tilt in the Z'direction.

The amplitude (maximum value, for example, the length of the long axis in the case of an elliptical orbit) and the frequency may be appropriately set. For example, the amplitude may be 1 mm or less, 0.1 mm or less, 0.01 mm or less, 1 μm or less, 0.1 μm or less, 0.01 μm or less or 1 nm or less, and / or 1 of the maximum diameter of the blade portion 109. It may be 2/2 or less, 1/10 or less, 1/100 or less, or 1/1000 or less. Further, for example, the frequency may be 10 Hz or higher, 100 Hz or higher, 1 kHz or higher, 10 kHz or higher, or 20 kHz or higher (lower limit frequency of ultrasonic waves or higher).

The method of vibrating the blade portion 109 with respect to the work 103 may be appropriate.

For example, vibration may be applied to the blade portion 109 by the drive portion 24 that translates the blade portion 109 and the work 103. More specifically, for example, any one of the three drive sources (25X, 25Y and 25Z) may be used, any two may be used, or three may be used. .. As can be understood from this example, the vibration may vibrate the blade portion 109 in the absolute coordinate system, or may vibrate the work 103 in the absolute coordinate system, or both. It may be a combination of.

Further, for example, a vibration generation mechanism may be provided separately from the drive unit 24. The vibration generating mechanism may be provided in the processing machine main body 2 or may be provided in the touring interposed between the tool (for example, the tool 101) and the spindle 19. In the former case, the vibration generating mechanism may be provided on the blade portion 109 side (for example, the spindle head 17 or the spindle 19) and / or on the work 103 side (for example, the table 23). The configuration of the vibration generation mechanism may be appropriate. For example, the vibration generating mechanism includes a piezoelectric body or an electromagnet, and may vibrate by applying an AC voltage to these.

(Example of touring with vibration generation mechanism)
As described above, the vibration of the blade portion 109 with respect to the work 103 may be appropriately realized. The following is an example of a mode in which the vibration generation mechanism is provided for the touring.

FIG. 7B is a side view showing the configuration of the tool 121, which is an example of the tool used in the machining method according to the second embodiment.

The tool 121 has a tool 101 according to the first embodiment and a touring 123 interposed between the tool 101 and the spindle 19. The touring 123 has a vibration generating mechanism 125. In such an embodiment, as described above, the tool 101 may be regarded as an example of the tool according to the present disclosure, or the tool 121 may be regarded as an example of the tool according to the present disclosure.

The configuration of the touring 123 may be the same as various configurations including the known configuration except for the configuration relating to the vibration generation mechanism 125. In the illustrated example, the touring 123 is attached to the base portion 123a, which mainly contributes to the holding of the shank 105, the gripped portion 123b gripped by the ATC, and the spindle 19 in order from the −z side (blade portion 109 side) to the + z side. It has a shank 123c to be attached.

The base 123a has a mechanism for holding a shank 105 such as a collet chuck. The gripped portion 123b is a flange-shaped portion having a groove on the outer peripheral surface. As for the shank 123c, as described above, the description of the shank 105 may be used as long as there is no contradiction or the like. The tool 121 (in another aspect, the tool 101) to which the shank 123c is attached to the spindle 19 rotates together with the spindle 19 around the axis of the spindle 19.

The vibration generating mechanism 125 may be provided at any position of the touring 123. In the illustrated example, the vibration generating mechanism 125 as a whole is built in the base 123a. However, the vibration generation mechanism 125 may be partially or wholly incorporated in the gripped portion 123b or the shank 123c. The vibration generation mechanism 125 has, for example, a piezoelectric body or an electromagnet to which an AC voltage is applied by the power supply 127, as described above.

The power supply 127 may convert the supplied power into AC power having an appropriate frequency and voltage (and / or current) and supply it to the vibration generating mechanism 125. Further, the power supply 127 may be a so-called driver. The power supply 127 may be provided in the processing machine main body 2 or in the tool 121.

The connection between the vibration generating mechanism 125 inside the tool 121 and the power supply 127 outside the tool 121, or the connection between the power supply 127 inside the tool 121 and another power source outside the tool 121 may be made as appropriate. For example, the terminal provided on the tool 121 and the terminal provided on the spindle 19 may be connected. The terminal provided on the spindle 19 may be connected to a slip ring interposed between the spindle 19 and a fixed member in the spindle head 17.

Also in the tool 121 according to the second embodiment as described above, the distance between the first cutting edge 117A and the axis of the shank 123c is the same as the axis of the outer peripheral surface 111 and the shank 123c when viewed in parallel with the axis of the shank 123c. Shorter than the maximum distance of. Therefore, for example, the same effect as that of the tool 101 is obtained.

The tool 121 may further include a vibration generating mechanism 125 that causes vibration. From another viewpoint, the processing machine 1 may further have a vibration generating mechanism 125 that vibrates the blade portion 109 and the work 103 relatively. From yet another viewpoint, the method for manufacturing the workpiece is a vibration step (FIG. 7 (FIG. 7)) in which the blade portion 109 is vibrated with respect to the work 103 in parallel with the moving step (arrows y1 to y3 in FIG. 7 (a)). It may further have the arrow y5) of a).

In this case, for example, even if the rake angle and the clearance angle cannot be sufficiently secured, the corner portion 103d can be formed by cutting such that the shape of the first cutting edge 117A is transferred. As a result, for example, the processing accuracy is further improved.

<Structure example of each part of the machine part>
As described above, the configuration of the machine unit 3 of the processing machine 1 may be the same as various configurations including known configurations. For this reason, in the above description, the description of the components of the mechanical unit 3 has been appropriately omitted. The following is an example of the components of the mechanical unit 3.

(Example of guide)
FIG. 8A is a perspective view showing an example of the configuration of a guide that guides the table 23. FIG. 8 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VIIIb-VIIIb of FIG. 8 (a).

In the illustrated example, the guide 45 that guides the table 23 is configured by a VV rolling guide. For example, the guide 45 has two grooves 21a having a V-shaped cross section formed on the upper surface of the X-axis bed 21 supporting the table 23 and two protrusions having a triangular cross section formed on the lower surface of the table 23. It has a 23a and a plurality of rollers 47 (rolling bodies) interposed between the groove 21a and the ridge 23a. The groove 21a and the ridge 23a extend linearly in the X direction, and the ridge 23a is fitted into the groove 21a via a roller 47. As a result, the table 23 is restricted from moving in the Y direction. Further, the roller 47 rolls with respect to the inner surface of the groove 21a and the outer surface of the ridge 23a, and allows relative movement of both in the X direction. As a result, the table 23 moves in the X direction with a relatively small resistance. The movement of the table 23 to the + Z side is regulated by, for example, its own weight. The movement of the table 23 to the −Z side is regulated by, for example, the reaction force from the X-axis bed 21.

The guide for guiding the table 23 in the X direction has been described. The above description may be incorporated into a guide that guides the saddle 13 in the Y direction and / or a guide that guides the spindle head 17 in the Z direction. The separation of the ridge (23a) from the groove (21a) may be appropriately regulated by providing an engaging member or the like.

(Example of drive mechanism related to translation)
8 (a) and 8 (b) also show an example of the configuration of the X-axis drive source 25X for driving the table 23. The following description may be appropriately applied to the Y-axis drive source 25Y for driving the saddle 13 and / or the Z-axis drive source 25Z for driving the spindle head 17.

In the illustrated example, the X-axis drive source 25X is configured by a linear motor. For example, the X-axis drive source 25X is fixed to a magnet row 25a composed of a plurality of magnets 25c arranged in the X direction on the upper surface of the X-axis bed 21 and to the lower surface of the table 23, and faces the magnet row 25a. It has a coil 25b to be magnetized. Then, by supplying AC power to the coil 25b, the magnet train 25a and the coil 25b generate a driving force in the X direction. As a result, the table 23 moves in the X direction.

As described above, when a linear motor is used as a drive source for translation, for example, an embodiment using a rotary motor and a mechanism for converting the rotation into linear motion (this aspect is also described in the technique according to the present disclosure). Compared to (included)), high-precision and smooth synchronization control is possible. As a result, for example, the above-mentioned effect (for example, error reduction) by using the tool 101 is improved.

(Example of sensor)
FIG. 8A is also a diagram showing a linear encoder as an example of the X-axis sensor 27X. The following description may be appropriately applied to the Y-axis sensor 27Y and / or the Z-axis sensor 27Z.

The X-axis sensor 27X has, for example, a scale unit 27a extending in the X direction and a detection unit 27b facing the scale unit 27a. In the scale unit 27a, for example, a plurality of optically or magnetically formed patterns are arranged at a constant pitch in the X direction. The detection unit 27b generates a signal corresponding to the relative position with each pattern. Therefore, the displacement (position) can be detected by counting the signals (that is, counting the patterns) generated by the relative movement of the scale unit 27a and the detection unit 27b.

One of the scale unit 27a and the detection unit 27b (scale unit 27a in the illustrated example) is fixed to the table 23. The other of the scale unit 27a and the detection unit 27b (detection unit 27b in the illustrated example) is directly or indirectly fixed to the X-axis bed 21. Therefore, when the table 23 moves, the scale unit 27a and the detection unit 27b move relative to each other. As a result, the displacement (position) of the table 23 is detected.

The specific mounting positions of the scale unit 27a and the detection unit 27b may be appropriately set. Further, the X-axis sensor 27X may be of an absolute type capable of specifying the position (absolute position) of the detection unit 27b with respect to the scale unit 27a based on the pattern of the scale unit 27a, and such specification cannot be performed. It may be of the incremental type. As is known, even in an incremental scale, the absolute position can be specified by moving the detection unit 27b to a predetermined position (for example, a movement limit) with respect to the scale unit 27a and performing calibration.

(Other examples of guides)
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a configuration example different from the configuration example described with reference to FIG. 8B with respect to the guide for guiding the table 23, the saddle 13, or the spindle head 17. This figure is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 8 (b). For convenience of explanation, the table 23 is taken as an example as a member guided by the guide. The following description may be incorporated to guide the saddle 13 and / or the spindle head 17.

The guide 45A shown in FIG. 9 is configured by a so-called static pressure guide. Specifically, a gap is formed between the guided surface of the table 23 and the guided surface of the bed 21. A fluid is supplied to the gap at a predetermined pressure by a pump 49 or the like. The fluid may be a gas (eg, air) or a liquid (eg, oil).

When the guide 45A is configured by the static pressure guide as described above, for example, since the frictional resistance when the table 23 is moved in the moving direction is small, the positioning in the moving direction can be performed with high accuracy. With such a configuration, high processing accuracy can be realized. As a result, for example, the above-mentioned effect (for example, error reduction) by using the tool 101 is improved.

(Other examples of drive mechanism related to translation)
FIG. 9 above is also a diagram showing a configuration example other than the linear motor as the configuration related to the X-axis drive source 25X. The following description may be applied to the Y-axis drive source 25Y and / or the Z-axis drive source 25Z.

In FIG. 9, a screw shaft 51 and a nut 53 screwed with the screw shaft 51 are shown. That is, a screw mechanism (for example, a ball screw mechanism or a sliding screw mechanism) is illustrated. When the rotation of one of the screw shaft 51 and the nut 53 (the nut 53 in the illustrated example) is restricted, the other of the screw shaft 51 and the nut 53 (the screw shaft 51 in the illustrated example) is rotated. Both move relative to each other in the axial direction. One of the screw shaft 51 and the nut 53 (screw shaft 51 in the illustrated example) is supported by the bed 21, and the other of the screw shaft 51 and the nut 53 (the nut 53 in the illustrated example) is supported by the table 23. .. The driving force for rotating the screw shaft 51 (or nut 53) is generated by, for example, a rotary motor (not shown).

Note that FIG. 8A shows a combination of a rolling bearing and a linear motor, and FIG. 9 shows a combination of a hydrostatic bearing and a rotary motor. Of course, a hydrostatic bearing and a linear motor may be combined, or a rolling bearing and a rotary motor may be combined.

(Example of spindle bearing)
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of the bearing of the spindle 19.

As described in the description of the embodiment, the bearing of the spindle 19 may be, for example, a rolling bearing, a hydrostatic bearing, a slide bearing, or a combination of two or more thereof. FIG. 10 illustrates a hydrostatic bearing. Specifically, a gap is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the spindle 19 and the inner peripheral surface of the spindle head 17. A fluid is supplied to the gap at a predetermined pressure by a pump 49 or the like. The fluid may be a gas (eg, air) or a liquid (eg, oil).

When the spindle 19 is supported by the hydrostatic bearing in this way, for example, since the frictional resistance when the spindle 19 is rotated around the axis is small, the rotation position of the spindle 19 can be controlled with high accuracy. As a result, for example, the above-mentioned effect (for example, error reduction) by using the tool 101 is improved.

(Example of spindle drive mechanism)
FIG. 10 is also a diagram showing an example of the drive mechanism of the spindle 19. In this example, the spindle drive source 25R is configured by a so-called built-in motor. In other words, no damping mechanism or the like is interposed between the spindle 19 and the spindle drive source 25R. Specifically, for example, the spindle drive source 25R has a rotor 25r fixed to the spindle 19 and a stator 25s fixed to the spindle head 17. The rotor 25r constitutes one of a field magnet and an armature. The stator 25s constitutes the other side of the field and the armature. The spindle drive source 25R may be provided at an appropriate position in the axial direction with respect to the spindle 19.

When the spindle drive source 25R is configured by a built-in motor in this way, for example, since no other mechanism is interposed between the spindle 19 and the spindle drive source 25R, the accuracy of position control around the axis is improved. As a result, for example, the above-mentioned effect (for example, error reduction) by using the tool 101 is improved.

<Example of tool modification>
FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the rotary tool 101A according to the modified example, and corresponds to FIG.

The tool 101 was integrally configured as a whole. On the other hand, the tool 101A has a base 131 and a tip 133 (insert) attached to and detached from the base 131. The insert 133 constitutes a part of the blade portion 109 including the cutting edge (117A, 117B and 117C). The base 131 constitutes, for example, all of the tool 101A other than the above (the other part of the blade 109, the neck 107, and the shank 105). That is, the tool 101A is of a replaceable cutting edge type.

Focusing on the blade portion 109, the first cutting edge 117A, the second cutting edge 117B, and the third cutting edge 117C are composed of the insert 133 and not the base 131. The first side surface 115A, the second side surface 115B, and the bottom surface 113 are composed of a base 131 and a chip 133. The third side surface 115C is composed of a base 131. The chip 133 is arranged in a recess formed in the base 131, for example, and the first side surface 115A, the second side surface 115B, and the bottom surface 113 are substantially planar. However, there may be a step and / or a gap between the chip 133 and the base 131.

The fixing method of the chip 133 to the base 131 may be various methods including known methods. For example, the tip 133 may be fixed to the base 131 by screwing a screw (not shown) inserted through the tip 133 into a female screw (not shown) formed on the base 131. Further, a clamp mechanism for pressing the chip 133 against the base 131 may be provided.

<Processing example>
Various complicated shapes can be realized by cutting described with reference to FIG. 4 and the like. Some examples are shown below. In the following, although the reference numeral of the tool 101 is used for convenience, the tool 121 or the tool 101A may be used.

FIG. 12A is a perspective view showing a part of the recess 141 as an example of the shape formed by cutting with the tool 101.

The bottom surface 141a of the recess 141 is curved. Further, the planar side surfaces 141b and 141c intersect to form a corner portion 141d. In forming such a recess 141, for example, a known end mill (that is, a rotary tool other than the tool 101) may be first attached to the spindle 19 and the recess 141 may be formed by cutting with the end mill. At this time, the corner portion 141d is given an R having the radius of the end mill as the radius of curvature. After that, the tool 101 may be attached to the spindle 19 and the corner portion 141d may be cut (in other words, a part of the recess 141) by the tool 101. As a result, in the corner portion 141d, R is reduced or R is substantially eliminated. Since the tool 101 can also cut the bottom surface 141a, the entire recess 141 may be cut by the tool 101.

FIG. 12B is a perspective view showing a part of the repeating shape 143 as another example of the shape formed by cutting with the tool 101.

The repeating shape 143 is, for example, a shape in which a plurality of concave portions 143a (convex portions in another viewpoint) having the same shape and size are repeated. The recess 143a has a corner portion 143b, and from another viewpoint, the corner portion 143b is repeated. The shape of the recess 143a may be an appropriate shape, and in FIG. 12B, one recess 143a is formed by three rectangular planes orthogonal to each other. Such a repeating shape 143 is a shape found in, for example, a reflex reflector attached to a car or the like.

The repeating shape 143 is obtained by repeating, for example, the method of forming the corner corner portion 103d described with reference to FIGS. 4, 5 (a) and 5 (b) while shifting the position of the main shaft 19 at a constant pitch. It will be realized. The repeating shape 143 may be formed only by cutting with the tool 101, or may be formed by cutting with the tool 101 after cutting with a known end mill, as in FIG. 12A. ..

FIG. 13A is a perspective view showing a part of the recess 145 as still another example of the shape formed by cutting with the tool 101.

The concave portion 145 is formed with a corner portion 145c by intersecting the curved side surfaces 145a and 145b with each other. The side surfaces 145a and 145b are curved surfaces that are parallel to the axial direction of the main shaft 19 and are curved when viewed in the axial direction. The recess 145 having such a corner portion 145c may be formed in the same manner as the recess 141 of FIG. 12 (a).

FIG. 13B is a perspective view showing a part of the recess 147 as still another example of the shape formed by cutting with the tool 101.

The diameter of the recess 147 is smaller toward the bottom side. Specifically, in the illustrated example, the recess 147 has a cone shape. More specifically, the recess 147 is a quadrangular pyramid formed by four inclined surfaces 147a formed of a triangular plane. The corners 147b are formed by intersecting the adjacent side surfaces. As described above, the corner portion 147b may be composed of two surfaces (inclined surface 147a) which cannot be said to be a side surface or a bottom surface.

In the formation of the recess 147, for example, as shown by an arrow, cutting may be performed by moving (circling) the first cutting edge 117A along the inner peripheral surface of the recess 147. As in the other examples, the tool 101 may be used for forming the entire recess 147, or may be used only for forming the corner portion 147b.

Here, it is assumed that the axial direction of the tool 101 is parallel to the vertical direction of the paper surface (axial direction of the pyramid) in FIG. 13 (b). In this case, as described with reference to FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b), by repeating the orbit along the recess 147 of the tool 101 and the movement of the recess 147 of the tool 101 in the depth direction. , Or by performing both at the same time, the recess 147 becomes deeper. At this time, by gradually reducing the radius of the circumference, it is possible to form the recess 147 whose diameter becomes smaller toward the bottom side. If the maximum diameter of the blade portion 109 is small, the bottom of the recess 147 will be close to the point.

Unlike the above, the axial direction of the tool 101 may be tilted with respect to the vertical direction of the paper surface shown in FIG. 13 (b). For example, as the processing machine main body 2, a machine that can change the orientation of the tool 101 and the work 103 to some extent (for example, one that can change the orientation of the spindle 19 in the absolute coordinate system) is adopted. Then, the operation of making the axis of the tool 101 parallel to one inclined surface 147a and cutting the one inclined surface 147a may be repeated with respect to the four inclined surfaces 147a.

In the above embodiments and modifications, the tools 101, 121 and 101A are examples of rotary tools. The shanks 105 and 123c are examples of shanks. The table 23 is an example of a work holding unit. The information included in the shape data 37 or the NC program 39 is an example of the information of the movement locus. The target value included in the control data 41 is an example of the target value for each predetermined cycle.

The technique according to the present disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments and modifications, and may be implemented in various embodiments.

As described in the description of the embodiment, the processing machine is not limited to the configuration illustrated in FIG. For example, the processing machine is not limited to a general machine tool, and may be a special machine such as an ultra-precision aspherical processing machine. Further, the processing machine is not limited to the machine tool, and may be, for example, a robot. From another viewpoint, the data including the information of the target shape or the movement locus is not limited to the CAD data or the NC program, and may be generated by teaching.

As mentioned in the embodiment, the blade portion may have only the first cutting edge. Such a blade portion may be used, for example, for expanding the diameter of a hole or adjusting the shape of a hole like a reamer. Further, the blade portion may have only the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge. On the contrary, the blade portion may have four or more cutting edges.

1 ... Machining machine, 5 ... Control device, 19 ... Spindle, 23 ... Table (work holding part), 24 ... Drive unit, 25R ... Spindle drive source, 101 ... Rotating tool, 103 ... Work, 105 ... Shank, 109 ... Blade Part, 111 ... Outer surface, 117A ... First cutting edge.

Claims (8)

A rotary tool that has a blade and
The spindle to which the rotary tool is fixed and
The work holding part that holds the work and the work holding part
A spindle drive source that rotates the spindle around the axis,
A drive unit that moves the spindle and the work holding portion relative to each other in at least two directions orthogonal to the axial direction of the spindle.
A control device that controls the spindle drive source and the drive unit,
Have and
The blade is
It has an outer peripheral surface exposed to the outside of the rotary tool over one circumference around the axis of the rotary tool, and a bottom surface facing the side opposite to the spindle.
The outer peripheral surface is
A first cutting edge having a length in the axial direction of the rotary tool,
The first aspect and
It has a second side surface that intersects the first side surface and forms a ridgeline that serves as the first cutting edge.
The first side surface and the bottom surface intersect each other to form a ridgeline serving as a second cutting edge.
The second side surface and the bottom surface intersect with each other to form a ridgeline serving as a third cutting edge.
When viewed parallel to the axis of the spindle, the distance between the end of the first cutting edge on the bottom surface side and the axis of the spindle is the maximum distance between the outer peripheral surface and the axis of the spindle. Shorter than
The control device acquires information on a predetermined movement locus in a plane including the two directions, and based on the acquired information, moves the first cutting edge along the movement locus. A target value for each predetermined cycle of the rotation position around the center and the relative position of the spindle and the work holding portion in the two directions is calculated, and the spindle drive source is realized so that the calculated target value is realized. And is configured to control the drive unit.
The first cutting edge is moved along the target shape of the corner portion as the movement locus in a state where the relative vibration between the blade portion and the work is generated, and at this time, the corner portion The rake angle related to cutting by the first cutting edge is increased positively while bringing the first cutting edge closer to the valley line of the corner, and then the first cutting edge is separated from the valley line at the corner of the corner. A processing machine that cuts the corners by increasing the rake angle for cutting with the first cutting edge. The processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the drive unit causes the vibration. Vibration that causes the vibration of the machine body that includes the spindle, the work holding unit, the spindle drive source, the drive unit, and the control device, but does not include the rotary tool and the work. The processing machine according to claim 1, further comprising a generation mechanism. The processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the rotary tool further has a vibration generation mechanism that causes the vibration. The outer peripheral surface intersects the edge portion of the first side surface opposite to the first cutting edge and the edge portion of the second side surface opposite to the first cutting edge, and constitutes a cutting edge. The processing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which has a third aspect that is not provided. When viewed parallel to the axis of the shank of the rotary tool, the distance between the bottom end of the first cutting edge and the axis of the shank is the maximum of the outer peripheral surface and the axis of the shank. The processing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is less than half of the distance. The processing machine according to claim 6, wherein the end portion of the first cutting edge on the bottom surface side is located at the axis of the shank when viewed in parallel with the axis of the shank. It is a manufacturing method that manufactures a workpiece by cutting a workpiece with the blade of a rotary tool.
A moving step in which the rotating tool is rotated around a predetermined rotation axis and the rotating tool and the work are relatively translated in at least two directions orthogonal to the rotation axis.
In parallel with the moving step, it has a vibration step of vibrating the blade portion with respect to the work.
The blade is
It has an outer peripheral surface exposed to the outside of the rotary tool over one circumference around the axis of the rotary tool, and a bottom surface facing the side opposite to the shank of the rotary tool.
The outer peripheral surface is
A first cutting edge having a length in the axial direction of the rotary tool,
The first aspect and
It has a second side surface that intersects the first side surface and forms a ridgeline that serves as the first cutting edge.
The first side surface and the bottom surface intersect with each other to form a ridgeline serving as a second cutting edge.
The second side surface and the bottom surface intersect with each other to form a ridgeline serving as a third cutting edge.
When viewed in parallel with the rotation axis, the distance between the end of the first cutting edge on the bottom surface side and the rotation axis is shorter than the maximum distance between the outer peripheral surface and the rotation axis.
In the movement step, the first cutting edge is moved along the target shape of the work by synchronizing the control of the rotation position of the rotary tool around the rotation axis with the control of the relative position in the two directions. Then, the work is cut by the first cutting edge.
The target shape includes a corner shape having a radius of curvature of less than half the maximum diameter of the blade when viewed parallel to the axis of rotation.
In the moving step and the vibration step, the first cutting edge is moved along the target shape including the corner shape in a state where the relative vibration between the blade portion and the work is generated. The rake angle related to cutting by the first cutting edge is increased positively while bringing the first cutting edge closer to the corner-shaped valley line, and then the first cutting edge is removed from the corner-shaped valley line. A method for manufacturing a workpiece that cuts the corner shape by increasing the rake angle related to cutting by the first cutting edge while separating them.

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