JP6999081B2 - 非クロム及び低クロム耐摩耗性合金 - Google Patents
非クロム及び低クロム耐摩耗性合金 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6999081B2 JP6999081B2 JP2018512298A JP2018512298A JP6999081B2 JP 6999081 B2 JP6999081 B2 JP 6999081B2 JP 2018512298 A JP2018512298 A JP 2018512298A JP 2018512298 A JP2018512298 A JP 2018512298A JP 6999081 B2 JP6999081 B2 JP 6999081B2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
- B23K35/3093—Fe as the principal constituent with other elements as next major constituents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
- B23K35/0266—Rods, electrodes, wires flux-cored
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
- C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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Description
本出願は、米国仮出願第62/214485号(発明の名称「非クロム及び低クロム耐摩耗性合金」、2015年9月4日出願)、米国仮出願第62/311507号(発明の名称「非クロム及び低クロム耐摩耗性合金」、2016年3月22日出願)、及び米国仮出願第62/335988号(発明の名称「非クロム及び低クロム耐摩耗性合金」、2016年5月13日出願)の利益を主張するものである。これらの内容は、本明細書に参考として組み込まれている。
本開示の実施態様は、特定の金属合金組成にて定義され得る。前記のとおり、個々に開示されている合金の実施態様は、クロムを含まないか、限定されたクロム含量を有し得る。該合金におけるクロムレベルが限定されているのは、少なくとも次の理由による。
1)非クロム合金は、クロムベアリング材料上の堆積物として適用されるかも知れず、希釈により、合金中にクロムが組み込まれる結果となる。このような工程から放出されるクロム蒸気は、まだ、より高いクロム量の堆積物から放出されるものよりは少ないであろう。
2)低レベルのクロムが合金に組み込まれるかも知れず、まだ、標準的な合金と比較して、クロム放射が大きく減少するかも知れない。この減少は、少なくとも以下の規制基準:OSHA-1910.1026、1915.1026、1926.1026(各々その全文がここに参考として組み込まれている)に合致するのに充分であろう。
3)意図的ではないクロム不純物が、種々の経路によって合金に組み込まれるかも知れない。
B:0.8~4(又は、約0.8~約4)、
C:0~3(又は、約0~約3)、
Cr:0~3(又は、約0~約3)、
Mo+W:2.1~25(又は、約2.1~約25)、
Ni:0~5(又は、約0~約5)、
V:0~20(又は、約0~約20)
もしくは
B:0.5~4(又は、約0.5~約4)、
C:0~3(又は、約0~約3)、
Cr:0~3(又は、約0~約3)、
Mo+W:2.1~25(又は、約2.1~約25)、
V:0~20(又は、約0~約20)
B:0.9~1.8(又は、約0.9~約1.8)、
C:1.0~2.2(又は、約1.0~約2.2)、
Cr:0~1.0(又は、約0~約1.0)、
Mo:6~14.0(又は、約6.0~約14.0)、
Ni:0~2(又は、約0~約2)、及び
V:6.0~9.0(又は、約6.0~約9.0)
B:0.95~1.4(又は、約0.95~約1.4)、
C:1.4~2.0(又は、約1.4~約2.0)、
Cr:0~0.5(又は、約0~約0.5)、
Mo:9.0~14.0(又は、約9.0~約14.0)、
Ni:0~2(又は、約0~約2)、及び
V:6.0~8.5(又は、約6.0~約8.5)
B:0.3~0.95(又は、約0.3~約0.95)、
C:1.2~2.1(又は、約1.2~約2.1)、
Cr:0~3(又は、約0~約3)、
Mo:3.5~9.0(又は、約3.5~約9.0)、
Ni:0~3(又は、約0~約3)、及び
V:4.0~9(又は、約4.0~約9)
B:1.6~2.2(又は、約1.6~約2.2)、
C:2.0~2.8(又は、約2.0~約2.8)、
Cr:0~3(又は、約0~約3)、
Mn:0~4(又は、約0~約4)、
Mo:12.5~19.5(又は、約12.5~約19.5)、
Ni:0~4(又は、約0~約4)、
Si:0~3(又は、約0~約3)、及び
V:8.0~14.0(又は、約8.0~約14)
B:0.6~2.4(又は、約0.6~約2.4)
C:1.6~3(又は、約1.6~約3)
Mo:5.5~20(又は、約5.5~約20)
V:6.5~14(又は、約6.5~約14)
Cr:0~3(又は、約0~約3)
Mn:0~3(又は、約0~約3)
Ni:0~3(又は、約0~約3)
Si:0~1.5(又は、約0~約3)
B:1.6~2.3(又は、約1.6~約2.3)
C:2~3(又は、約2~約3)
Cr:0~3(又は、約0~約3)
Mo:13~20(又は、約13~約20)
Mn:0~3(又は、約0~約3)
Ni:0~3(又は、約0~約3)
Si:0~1.5(又は、約0~約1.5)
V:8~14(又は、約8~約14)
本開示において、後述する種々の熱力学的及び微細構造的基準に合致させるために、ある特定の合金添加元素が用いられてよい。ここに記載の合金添加元素は、本発明を限定することを目的とするものではなく、例示として扱われるものである。
1)より低いホウ化物相分率及びより高い靱性を備え、同等の摩耗性能を維持しながらの、より高い硬度
2)それ程、さらに靱性を向上させる脆化形態ではない、ロッド様相の不在
3)合金に存在する特定タイプのホウ化物に対して詳細な制御が可能な熱力学的に有利な相
1)炭素は、フェライト、オーステナイト、パーライト、及びベイナイトを含む他のマトリクス系よりも硬質なマルテンサイトマトリクスの形成を促進させる。
2)炭素は、遷移金属と組み合わされて、摩耗性能を向上させる炭化物を形成し得る。
本開示の合金の実施態様は、ある特定の平衡熱力学的基準によって充分に説明され得る。前記合金は、開示された熱力学的基準のいくつか又は全てに合致し得る。
いくつかの実施態様においては、前記非クロム合金が、微細構造的基準によって充分に説明され得る。該合金は、開示された微細構造的基準のいくつか又は全てに合致し得る。
塊状製品の生産又は基材へのコーティングの適用における中間工程として、合金からパウダーを製造することは、しばしば有利である。パウダーは、微粒子化又は他の製造方法によって製造され得る。特別な合金のためのこのようなプロセスの実現可能性は、しばしば、合金の凝固作用と、そして熱力学的特徴とに応じる。
GMAW、GTAW、ホットワイヤーGTAW、OAW、SAW、レーザークラッディング、及び他のアプリケーション方法によってハードフェーシングコーティングを保護するための供給原料として、合金からワイヤーを製造することは、しばしば有利である。ハードフェーシングワイヤーは、典型的に、合金パウダーのコア又はフィルの周りに金属片を巻き付ける、コアードワイヤープロセス(cored wire process)を用いて生産される。ワイヤーの最終的な化学組成は、本開示の他の部分で特定の実施態様に一致し得る。
耐摩耗性合金は、しばしば、実験室内試験に基づくそれらの性能によって類型化される。開示された試験は、使用されている耐摩耗性成分と深く関係している。
多くのアプリケーション、特に鉱業及び他の産業におけるアプリケーションのいたる所で、さらなる摩耗保護を供給するために、鋼の焼入れ・焼戻し型をハードフェーシングすることには有利であり得る。ハードフェーシングプロセスにより、焼入れ及び焼戻し基材において、基材の強度及び靱性を低下させるかも知れない熱影響部が生じる。このような靱性の低下により、操作中の衝撃又は過剰な応力に起因する不具合が、成分に導かれる。
本開示における合金は、従来のハードフェーシング材料よりも、向上した靱性、衝撃力、及び耐摩耗性を有する。以下の表14に、本開示における2つの合金(I#1及びI#2)と、クロムベアリングハードフェーシング材料の2つの商品(スタンダード#1及びスタンダード#2)との試験結果を示す。これらを、標準的な溶接手順によって溶接し、幅25mm、厚さ6mmの堆積物を生産した。次いで、溶接されたサンプルについて、硬度、ASTM G65試験に準拠した耐摩耗性、及び20Jの衝撃エネルギーに供したときに破損するまでの衝撃力を試験した。
本件に開示の合金は、各種アプリケーション及び工業において使用され得る。制限なしで、使用アプリケーションの例がいくつか挙げられる。
Claims (14)
- 低クロム又は非クロム鉄合金であって、
以下の元素(重量%):
B:0.6~2.4、
C:1.6~3、
Cr:0~1、
Mo+W:2.1~25、
V:6.5~14、
Mn:0~3、
Ni:0~3、及び
Si:0~1.5
を含み、残部が鉄及び不可避不純物であり、
Bに対する(Mo+1.9×W)の重量比が、6と10.25との間であり、
Ti、Nb、Ta、Zr、及び/又はHfが、1:1のモル比でVと置き換えられていてもよく、
材料へと形成されるか、又は材料を形成するように構成され、
前記材料が、平衡凝固条件下で、1300Kで測定された際に、
総モル分率が5%と50%との間である、遷移金属のホウ化物及びホウ炭化物と、
該材料におけるモル分率が5%と40%との間であり、以下の元素:V、Ti、Nb、Zr、Hf、W、Moの1つ又はそれ以上を有するMC型炭化物と定義される、単離炭化物と
からなり、
前記遷移金属のホウ化物及びホウ炭化物の金属部分が、15重量%以上のW+Moを含み、
前記単離炭化物が、バナジウムが50重量%以上の金属成分を有する、
低クロム又は非クロム鉄合金。 - 0.01重量%以下のクロムを含む、請求項1に記載の合金。
- 前記遷移金属のホウ化物及びホウ炭化物の前記金属部分が、35重量%以上のW+Moを含む、請求項1に記載の合金。
- 平衡凝固条件下で、前記材料のFCC-BCC遷移温度が、1300K以下である、請求項1に記載の合金。
- 硬質相が凝固する形成温度とマトリクス液相線温度との差と定義される、前記材料の融解幅が、平衡凝固条件下で、250℃以下である、請求項1に記載の合金。
- 前記材料が、55HRC以上の堆積硬度(deposited hardness)を有し、
オーステナイト化及び焼入れ後の前記材料の硬度が、55HRC以上である、
請求項1に記載の合金。 - 摩耗保護のために、パウダー、ワイヤー、キャスティング、及び/又はハードフェーシング層へと製造されてなる、請求項1に記載の合金。
- 以下の元素(重量%):
B:1.64、C:2、Mo:13.6、V:8.5;
B:1.8、C:2.2、Mo:15、V:9.35;
B:2.2、C:2.8、Mo:17.7、V:12;
B:2.05、C:2.6、Mo:16.3、V:11.1;
B:1.1、C:2.85、Mo:10、V:11.7;
B:0.95、C:2.45、Mo:8.6、V:10;
B:1.64、C:2、Mn:1、Mo:13.6、Ni:1.3、Si:0.5、V:8.5;
B:1.8、C:2.2、Mn:1、Mo:15、Ni:1.5、Si:0.5、V:9.35;
B:2.2、C:2.8、Mn:1、Mo:17.7、Ni:1.7、Si:0.5、V:12;
B:2.05、C:2.6、Mn:1、Mo:16.3、Ni:1.6、Si:0.5、V:11.1;
B:1.1、C:2.85、Cr:1、Mn:1.2、Mo:10、Ni:1.4、Si:0.6、V:11.7;
B:0.95、C:2.45、Cr:0.8、Mn:1、Mo:8.6、Ni:1.2、Si:0.5、V:10;
B:2.0、C:2.8、Mo:18、V:13;
B:2.0、C:2.8、Mo:18、V:11.5;
B:1.85、C:2.6、Mo:18、V:12;
B:2.0、C:2.8、Mn:0.5、Mo:18、Ni:1.5、Si:0.5、V:13;
B:2.0、C:2.8、Mn:0.5、Mo:18、Ni:1.5、Si:0.5、V:11.5;
B:1.85、C:2.6、Mn:0.5、Mo:18、Ni:1.5、Si:0.5、V:12;又は
B:0.65、C:1.7、Cr:0.5、Mn:0.7、Mo:6、Ni:0.8、Si:0.4、V:7
を含み、残部が鉄及び不可避不純物であり、
Ti、Nb、Ta、Zr、及び/又はHfが、1:1のモル比でVと置き換えられていてもよく、
Wが、1:1のモル比でMoと置き換えられていてもよい、
請求項1に記載の合金。 - 摩耗保護のために、請求項1に記載の合金が組み入れられてなる、採鉱装置。
- グランド係合工具、作業工具、リップシュラウド、刃、ブレード、摩耗板、及び粉砕装置を備える、請求項9に記載の採鉱装置。
- 低クロム又は非クロム鉄合金であって、
以下の元素(重量%):
B:0.6~2.4、
C:1.6~3、
Cr:0~1、
Mo+W:2.1~25、
V:6.5~14、
Mn:0~3、
Ni:0~3、及び
Si:0~1.5
を含み、残部が鉄及び不可避不純物であり、
Bに対する(Mo+1.9×W)の重量比が、6と10.25との間であり、
Ti、Nb、Ta、Zr、及び/又はHfが、1:1のモル比でVと置き換えられていてもよく、
材料へと形成されるか、又は材料を形成するように構成され、
前記材料が、1300Kで測定された際に、
総体積分率が5%と50%との間である、遷移金属のホウ化物及びホウ炭化物と、
該材料における体積分率が5%と40%との間であり、以下の元素:V、Ti、Nb、Zr、Hf、W、Moの1つ又はそれ以上からなるMC型炭化物と定義される、単離炭化物と
からなり、
前記遷移金属のホウ化物及びホウ炭化物の金属部分が、15重量%以上のW+Moを含み、
前記MC型炭化物が、バナジウムが50重量%以上の金属成分を有する、
低クロム又は非クロム鉄合金。 - 0.01重量%以下のクロムを含む、請求項11に記載の合金。
- 前記材料が、55HRC以上の堆積硬度(deposited hardness)を有し、
オーステナイト化及び焼入れ後の前記材料の硬度が、55HRC以上である、
請求項11に記載の合金。 - 以下の元素(重量%):
B:1.64、C:2、Mo:13.6、V:8.5;
B:1.8、C:2.2、Mo:15、V:9.35;
B:2.2、C:2.8、Mo:17.7、V:12;
B:2.05、C:2.6、Mo:16.3、V:11.1;
B:1.1、C:2.85、Mo:10、V:11.7;
B:0.95、C:2.45、Mo:8.6、V:10;
B:1.64、C:2、Mn:1、Mo:13.6、Ni:1.3、Si:0.5、V:8.5;
B:1.8、C:2.2、Mn:1、Mo:15、Ni:1.5、Si:0.5、V:9.35;
B:2.2、C:2.8、Mn:1、Mo:17.7、Ni:1.7、Si:0.5、V:12;
B:2.05、C:2.6、Mn:1、Mo:16.3、Ni:1.6、Si:0.5、V:11.1;
B:1.1、C:2.85、Cr:1、Mn:1.2、Mo:10、Ni:1.4、Si:0.6、V:11.7;
B:0.95、C:2.45、Cr:0.8、Mn:1、Mo:8.6、Ni:1.2、Si:0.5、V:10;
B:2.0、C:2.8、Mo:18、V:13;
B:2.0、C:2.8、Mo:18、V:11.5;
B:1.85、C:2.6、Mo:18、V:12;
B:2.0、C:2.8、Mn:0.5、Mo:18、Ni:1.5、Si:0.5、V:13;
B:2.0、C:2.8、Mn:0.5、Mo:18、Ni:1.5、Si:0.5、V:11.5;
B:1.85、C:2.6、Mn:0.5、Mo:18、Ni:1.5、Si:0.5、V:12;又は
B:0.65、C:1.7、Cr:0.5、Mn:0.7、Mo:6、Ni:0.8、Si:0.4、V:7
を含み、残部が鉄及び不可避不純物であり、
Ti、Nb、Ta、Zr、及び/又はHfが、1:1のモル比でVと置き換えられていてもよく、
Wが、1:1のモル比でMoと置き換えられていてもよい、
請求項11に記載の合金。
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CN108350528A (zh) | 2018-07-31 |
JP2018532880A (ja) | 2018-11-08 |
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AU2016317860B2 (en) | 2021-09-30 |
WO2017040775A1 (en) | 2017-03-09 |
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CA2997367A1 (en) | 2017-03-09 |
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