JP6960934B2 - 浸透及び嫌気性廃水処理を用いる発電方法 - Google Patents
浸透及び嫌気性廃水処理を用いる発電方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
- C02F3/2866—Particular arrangements for anaerobic reactors
- C02F3/2893—Particular arrangements for anaerobic reactors with biogas recycling
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- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/002—Forward osmosis or direct osmosis
- B01D61/0021—Forward osmosis or direct osmosis comprising multiple forward osmosis steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/002—Forward osmosis or direct osmosis
- B01D61/0022—Apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/002—Forward osmosis or direct osmosis
- B01D61/005—Osmotic agents; Draw solutions
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
- C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G4/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from geothermal energy
- F03G4/001—Binary cycle plants where the source fluid from the geothermal collector heats the working fluid via a heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/005—Electro-chemical actuators; Actuators having a material for absorbing or desorbing gas, e.g. a metal hydride; Actuators using the difference in osmotic pressure between fluids; Actuators with elements stretchable when contacted with liquid rich in ions, with UV light, with a salt solution
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/008—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for characterised by the actuating element
- F03G7/009—Actuators with elements stretchable when contacted with liquid rich in ions, with UV light or with a salt solution
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/008—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for characterised by the actuating element
- F03G7/015—Actuators using the difference in osmotic pressure between fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/10—Energy recovery
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
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- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Description
−有機物(organic matter)を含む廃水ストリームを受け取る工程、
−廃水ストリームを、そこに含まれる有機物を分解してバイオガスを生成する嫌気性消化槽(an anaerobic digester)に通す工程、ここで
前記廃水ストリームの液体含量は、該ストリームが嫌気性消化槽に入る前に、該廃水ストリームを浸透圧発電ユニット(an osmotic power unit)に通すことによって、減少されており、該ユニットにおいては、該ストリームは、水は通過させるが塩は通過させない半透膜の一方の側に通過させ、前記廃水ストリームよりも高い塩分濃度の水ストリームを前記膜の他方の側に通過させて、前記より高い塩分濃度の水ストリーム中に存在する潜在的浸透エネルギーを電気に変換する。
−廃水ストリームへの接続、
−塩水ストリームへの接続、
−嫌気性消化槽内で汚泥(a sludge)を分解して発電するように配置されたバイオガス発電ユニット(a biogas power unit)、及び
−該塩水ストリームと該廃水ストリームとの間の塩分濃度の差異を用いる圧力遅延浸透(PRO)を介して、電気を発生させるように配置された浸透圧発電ユニット、ここで
当該システムは、浸透圧発電ユニットによって濃縮された廃水ストリームのアウトプットを、汚泥として使用するためにバイオガス発電ユニットに通すように配置される。
−地熱地層(a geothermal formation)から温塩水ストリームを抽出する工程;
−有機物を含有する廃水ストリームを得る工程;
−温塩水ストリーム中に存在する熱エネルギーを電気に変換し、及び/又は温塩水ストリーム中に存在する熱エネルギーを用いて、廃水ストリームの温度を上昇させる工程;
−前記塩水ストリーム中に存在する潜在的浸透エネルギーを電気に変換し、(i)浸透圧発電プロセスの低塩分フィードストリームとしての廃水及び(ii)浸透圧発電プロセスの高塩分フィードストリームとしての塩水ストリームを用いて、前記廃水ストリームの水分含量を減少させる工程;及び
−前記浸透圧発電プロセスから生じる濃縮された廃水を、前記廃水中に含まれる有機物の分解によってバイオガスが発生する嫌気性消化槽に送る工程。
本発明方法は、廃水ストリームを用いて、エネルギー発生効率を高めることができる。本発明方法は、廃水ストリーム中に存在する有機物を分解してバイオガスを生成する前に、浸透圧発電プロセスにおいてより低い塩分濃度のストリームとして廃水を使用する。この一連の廃水使用は、バイオガスプロセスの効率を高めるのに役立つ。
Claims (16)
- 下記工程を含む発電方法:
−有機物を含む廃水ストリームを受け取る工程、
−廃水ストリームを、そこに含まれる有機物を分解してバイオガスを生成する嫌気性消化槽に通す工程、ここで
前記廃水ストリームの液体含量は、該ストリームが嫌気性消化槽に入る前に、該廃水ストリームを浸透圧発電ユニットに通すことによって、低減され、該ユニットにおいては、該ストリームは、水は通過させるが塩は通過させない半透膜の一方の側に通過させ、前記廃水ストリームよりも高い塩分濃度の水ストリームを前記膜の他方の側に通過させて、前記より高い塩分濃度の水ストリーム中に存在する潜在的浸透エネルギーを電気に変換する、
ここで、当該方法は、更に、地熱地層から温塩水ストリームを抽出し、その塩水ストリームを、前記より高い塩分濃度の水ストリームとして用いることを含む。
- 温塩水ストリームが、少なくとも45℃の温度を有する請求項1に記載の方法。
- 温塩水ストリームが、少なくとも55℃の温度を有する請求項2に記載の方法。
- 更に、温塩水ストリームから熱エネルギーを抽出することを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれかの請求項に記載の方法。
- より高い塩分濃度の水ストリームが、少なくとも10重量%の塩分含量を有する請求項1〜4のいずれかの請求項に記載の方法。
- より高い塩分濃度の水ストリームが、少なくとも15重量%の塩分含量を有する請求項5に記載の方法。
- 廃水ストリームが、浸透圧発電ユニットを通過する前に、5重量%までの固形分含量を有する請求項1〜6のいずれかの請求項に記載の方法。
- 廃水ストリームが、浸透圧発電ユニットを通過する前に、0.5〜1.5重量%の範囲内の固形分含量を有する請求項7に記載の方法。
- 廃水ストリームが、浸透圧発電ユニットを通過した後に、4〜8重量%の範囲内の固形分含量を有する請求項7に記載の方法。
- 浸透圧発電ユニットによって生成された電気を廃水処理プロセスの他の工程に電力を供給するために使用する請求項1〜9のいずれかの請求項に記載の方法。
- 廃水が、地方自治体又は産業の廃水である請求項1〜10のいずれかの請求項に記載の方法。
- 廃水が、下水である請求項1〜11のいずれかの請求項に記載の方法。
- 浸透圧発電ユニットが、水は通過させるが塩は通過させない半透膜をそれぞれ含む、1つ以上の浸透ユニットを含む請求項1〜12のいずれかの請求項に記載の方法。
- 1つの浸透ユニットからのアウトプットストリームが、第2の浸透ユニットのためのインプットストリームとして使用される請求項13に記載の方法。
- 下記を含む発電システム:
−廃水ストリームへの接続、
−地熱地層からの温塩水ストリームへの接続、
−嫌気性消化槽内で汚泥を分解して発電するように配置されたバイオガス発電ユニット、及び
−該塩水ストリームと該廃水ストリームとの間の塩分濃度の差異を用いる圧力遅延浸透(PRO)を介して、電気を発生させるように配置された浸透圧発電ユニット、ここで
当該システムは、浸透圧発電ユニットによって濃縮された廃水ストリームのアウトプットを、汚泥として使用するためにバイオガス発電ユニットに通すように配置される。
- 下記工程を含む発電方法:
−地熱地層から温塩水ストリームを抽出する工程;
−有機物を含有する廃水ストリームを得る工程;
−温塩水ストリーム中に存在する熱エネルギーを電気に変換し、及び/又は温塩水ストリーム中に存在する熱エネルギーを用いて、廃水ストリームの温度を上昇させる工程;
−前記塩水ストリーム中に存在する潜在的浸透エネルギーを電気に変換し、(i)浸透圧発電プロセスの低塩分フィードストリームとしての廃水及び(ii)浸透圧発電プロセスの高塩分フィードストリームとしての塩水ストリームを用いて、前記廃水ストリームの水分含量を減少させる工程;及び
−前記浸透圧発電プロセスから生じる濃縮された廃水を、前記廃水中に含まれる有機物の分解によってバイオガスが発生する嫌気性消化槽に送る工程。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201662303639P | 2016-03-04 | 2016-03-04 | |
US62/303,639 | 2016-03-04 | ||
GB1605070.0 | 2016-03-24 | ||
GBGB1605070.0A GB201605070D0 (en) | 2016-03-24 | 2016-03-24 | Power generation process |
PCT/EP2017/054973 WO2017149102A1 (en) | 2016-03-04 | 2017-03-02 | Power generation process using osmosis and anaerobic wastewater treatment |
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GB201605070D0 (en) | 2016-03-24 | 2016-05-11 | Applied Biomimetic As | Power generation process |
CN110272171B (zh) * | 2019-07-25 | 2021-05-04 | 江南大学 | 一种同步回收水和电能的污水处理装置及方法 |
CN115135875A (zh) * | 2020-02-17 | 2022-09-30 | 盐动力控股有限公司 | 渗透溶液开采 |
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AU2017226946A1 (en) | 2018-08-30 |
CN109071274B (zh) | 2021-12-24 |
US10968128B2 (en) | 2021-04-06 |
CA3015946A1 (en) | 2017-09-08 |
IL261576B (en) | 2022-03-01 |
AU2017226946B2 (en) | 2022-03-10 |
GB201605070D0 (en) | 2016-05-11 |
US20200255311A1 (en) | 2020-08-13 |
CN109071274A (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
JP2019508240A (ja) | 2019-03-28 |
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