JP6713482B2 - アクティブ電極,センサ・システム,および電位差検出方法 - Google Patents
アクティブ電極,センサ・システム,および電位差検出方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
図10はチョッパ・アンプの入力における不要ノイズ源(excess noise sources)を示している。RSXは皮膚−電極間抵抗を示す。主要電圧ノイズ発生源60はカスコード接続カレントミラー回路の入力トランジスタ・ペアM1およびM2,ならびに最終段のトランジスタ・ペアM7およびM8を含み,これはこれらのMOSFETゲートの電圧ゲインが大きいためである。電圧ノイズはフリッカノイズおよびサーマルノイズの結果として表することができ,オフセットおよびフリッカノイズは理論的にはチョッパ変調によって低周波数信号帯域から除去される。残留ノイズの支配的な成分はMOSFETのサーマルノイズVnoiseとなり,以下の式で表すことができる。
バイアス電流61はソース・インピーダンスの両端にオフセットを生じさせる。生体信号センサ・アンプについては,バイアス電流の主要供給源にESD保護回路内のリーク,入力MOSFETのゲートリーク,バイポーラ接合トランジスタのベース電流,チョッピング動作,およびPCBリークが含まれる。支配的影響を与える供給源は,ESD保護回路のリーク,および周期的なチョッピング動作により生じる電流を含む。
Claims (13)
- 生体電位を検出して電気生理学的信号を生成する電極(43),
上記電極(43)の近傍に配置され,かつ上記電極(43)から電気絶縁されるシールド(44,48),ならびに
少なくとも1つの上記電極(43)に接続され,上記電気生理学的信号を受信する入力を有する集積回路アンプ(10)を備え,
上記シールド(44,48)が上記集積回路アンプ(10)の出力に接続されて上記シールド(44,48)の電位を能動的に駆動し,これによって上記電極(43)のアクティブ・シールドを提供するアクティブ電極であって,
上記集積回路アンプ(10)が,集積回路アンプ(10)の入力に与えられる電気生理学的信号に対して1に等しいユニティ・ゲインを電圧ゲインとして適用しかつ高入力インピーダンスを低出力インピーダンスに変換するインピーダンス変換のためのバッファリング経路を提供するものであり,
上記バッファリング経路が,上記集積回路アンプ(10)の手前に配置され,上記電気生理学的信号の周波数を基本周波数範囲からより高周波数範囲にシフトする第1のミキサ(11)と,上記集積回路アンプ(10)の出力に配置され,上記集積回路アンプ(10)の出力信号の周波数を上記高周波数範囲からシフトして上記基本周波数範囲に戻す第2のミキサ(12)を含むことを特徴とする,
アクティブ電極。 - 上記第1のミキサを用いた電気生理学的信号の周波数のシフトが上記集積回路アンプ(10)のフリッカノイズ領域を避けるように適合されている,請求項1に記載のアクティブ電極。
- コーナー周波数(fcorner)が低周波フリッカノイズと高周波ホワイトノイズとの間の変わり目を規定し,上記第1のミキサを用いた電気生理学的信号の周波数のシフトを提供する変調周波数(fchop)が上記コーナー周波数よりも高い,請求項1に記載のアクティブ電極。
- 上記変調周波数(fchop)が上記コーナー周波数の4倍よりも低い,請求項3に記載のアクティブ電極。
- 基準電位を供給する参照電極,および上記参照電極に対する電位を測定する測定点を提供する検出電極を含む少なくとも一セットの電極(31,43)と,
上記検出電極および上記参照電極からの入力を受信し,上記検出電極と上記参照電極との間の電位差を表す出力信号を生成する差動アンプ(14)と,を備え,
上記少なくとも一セットの電極の少なくとも一の電極がアクティブ電極であり,上記アクティブ電極が,
生体電位を検出して電気生理学的信号を生成する電極(43),
上記電極(43)の近傍に配置され,上記電極(43)から電気絶縁されるシールド(44,48),および
上記少なくとも一の電極(43)に接続され,上記電気生理学的信号を受信する入力を有する集積回路アンプ(10)を備え,
上記シールド(44,48)が上記集積回路アンプの出力に接続されて上記シールド(44,48)の電位を能動的に駆動し,これによって上記電極(43)のアクティブ・シールドを提供する,電位差を検出するセンサ・システムであって,
上記集積回路アンプ(10)が,集積回路アンプ(10)の入力に与えられる電気生理学的信号に対して1に等しいユニティ・ゲインを電圧ゲインとして適用しかつ高入力インピーダンスを低出力インピーダンスに変換するインピーダンス変換のためのバッファリング経路を提供するものであり,
上記バッファリング経路が,上記集積回路アンプ(10)の手前に配置され,上記電気生理学的信号の周波数を基本周波数範囲からより高周波数範囲にシフトする第1のミキサ(11)と,上記集積回路アンプ(10)の出力に配置され,上記集積回路アンプ(10)の出力信号の周波数を上記高周波数範囲からシフトして上記基本周波数範囲に戻す第2のミキサ(12)を含むことを特徴とする,
センサ・システム。 - 上記少なくとも一セットの電極(31,43)が,両方がアクティブ電極である一対の電極である,請求項5に記載のセンサ・システム。
- 複数の検出電極が,共通する参照電極に対する電位差を測定するものである,請求項5に記載のセンサ・システム。
- 上記複数の検出電極がアクティブ電極である,請求項7に記載のセンサ・システム。
- 上記少なくとも一セットの電極が,心電図(ECG)信号または脳波(EEG)信号を検出するように適合されている,請求項5に記載のセンサ・システム。
- 基準電位を供給する参照電極および上記参照電極に対する電位を測定する測定点を提供する検出電極を含む少なくとも一セットの電極を有するセンサ・システムにおいて電位差を検出する方法であって,
電極から電気絶縁されるシールドを上記電極の近傍に配置することによって電極を遮蔽し,
生体電位を検出する上記電極を用いて電気生理学的信号を生成し,
上記シールドを集積回路アンプの出力に接続して上記シールドの電位を能動的に駆動し,これによって上記電極のアクティブ・シールドを提供する方法において,
上記集積回路アンプの手段によって集積回路アンプの入力に与えられる電気生理学的信号に対して1に等しいユニティ・ゲインを電圧ゲインとして適用しかつ高入力インピーダンスを低出力インピーダンスに変換するインピーダンス変換のためのバッファリング経路を提供し,
上記電気生理学的信号の周波数を,上記集積回路アンプの手前に配置される第1のミキサを用いて基本周波数範囲からより高周波数範囲にシフトし,
上記集積回路アンプの出力信号の周波数を,上記集積回路アンプの出力に配置される第2のミキサを用いて上記高周波数範囲からシフトさせて上記基本周波数範囲に戻すことを特徴とする,
方法。 - 基準電位を提供する参照電極,および上記参照電極に対する電位を測定するための測定点を提供する検出電極を含み,上記参照電極および検出電極の少なくとも一方がアクティブ電極である,電位差を検出するセンサ・システムにおいて使用される請求項10に記載の方法であって,
差動アンプにおいて上記検出電極および上記参照電極から入力を受信し,
上記差動アンプにおいて上記検出電極と上記参照電極との電位差を表す出力信号を生成する,請求項10に記載の方法。 - 上記集積回路アンプが上記集積回路アンプに与えられる上記電気生理学的信号を複製した出力信号を生成する,請求項10に記載の方法。
- 第1のミキサを用いた電気生理学的信号の周波数のシフトが,上記集積回路アンプのフリッカノイズ領域を避けるように適合されている,請求項10に記載の方法。
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