JP6615404B2 - リチウムリッチアンチペロブスカイト化合物、これを含むリチウム二次電池用電解質及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウムリッチアンチペロブスカイト化合物、これを含むリチウム二次電池用電解質及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6615404B2 JP6615404B2 JP2019503183A JP2019503183A JP6615404B2 JP 6615404 B2 JP6615404 B2 JP 6615404B2 JP 2019503183 A JP2019503183 A JP 2019503183A JP 2019503183 A JP2019503183 A JP 2019503183A JP 6615404 B2 JP6615404 B2 JP 6615404B2
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- secondary battery
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- lithium secondary
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 57
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 49
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 42
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 85
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 20
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 13
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003775 Density Functional Theory Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 102100021164 Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 108010054220 vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910005793 GeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006245 Carbon black Super-P Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000925 Cd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002227 LISICON Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910018130 Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018133 Li 2 S-SiS 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018119 Li 3 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007969 Li-Co-Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008163 Li1+x Mn2-x O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008745 Li2O-B2O3-P2O5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008590 Li2O—B2O3—P2O5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008918 Li2O—V2O5—SiO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007860 Li3.25Ge0.25P0.75S4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012316 Li3.6Si0.6P0.4O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012605 Li3PO(4-3/2w)Nw Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012606 Li3PO(4−3/2w)Nw Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010640 Li6BaLa2Ta2O12 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015044 LiB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013189 LiBON Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010835 LiI-Li2S-P2S5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010833 LiI-Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010842 LiI—Li2S—P2O5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010840 LiI—Li2S—P2S5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010855 LiI—Li2S—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010847 LiI—Li3PO4-P2S5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010864 LiI—Li3PO4—P2S5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013709 LiNi 1-x M Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012305 LiPON Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016599 LixFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006555 Li—Co—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006715 Li—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910018584 Mn 2-x O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003870 O—Li Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 241000156302 Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus Species 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDDVNKWVBSLTMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu]=O.[Li] Chemical compound [Cu]=O.[Li] QDDVNKWVBSLTMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].BCl Chemical compound [Li].BCl BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium monoxide Inorganic materials [Ge]=O PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940006487 lithium cation Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LWXVCCOAQYNXNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Li+].Cl[O-] LWXVCCOAQYNXNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2].[Li+] QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011855 lithium-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VROAXDSNYPAOBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)nickel Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Ni]=O VROAXDSNYPAOBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005019 vapor deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
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Description
LiRAPのような結晶構造は、イオン伝導度を高めるために、意図的に不純物のドーパント(dopant)を添加する。これと関わって、Yusheng Zhaoらは、BrがドーピングされたLi3O(Cl0.5、Br0.5)の場合、イオン伝導度が10−2S/cmであって、Li3OClの10−3値より向上されることができるし、これは固体電解質として使用可能であると示している[Yusheng Zhao et al.,Superionic Conductivity in Lithium−Rich Anti−Perovskites、J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2012,134(36),pp 15042〜15047]。
これと類似のように、Yusheng Zhao及びM.H.Bragaらは、リチウムイオンを他の金属に置換した(Ba、Li)3OCl構造の化合物を提案しながら、この物質が常温でイオン伝導度を高めることができるし、高温で不燃性(non−flammable)特性を表して、金属−空気電池や全固体電池など高温での作動を要する電池に使用可能であることを開示している。
[化学式1]
Li3−xClO1−xHalx
(前記化学式1において、HalはF、Cl、BrまたはIで、0<x<1である。)
[化学式2]
Li3−y−xMyO1−xHalxCl
(前記化学式2において、MはNa、K、RbまたはCsで、HalはF、Cl、BrまたはIで、0<x<1で、0<y<2である。)
[化学式3]
Li3−2y−xMyO1−xHalxCl
(前記化学式3において、MはMg、Ca、SrまたはBaで、HalはF、Cl、BrまたはIで、0<x<1で、0<y<1である。)
[化学式1]
Li3−xClO1−xHalx
(前記化学式1において、HalはF、Cl、BrまたはIで、0<x<1である。)
[化学式2]
Li3−y−xMyO1−xHalxCl
(前記化学式2において、MはNa、K、RbまたはCsで、HalはF、Cl、BrまたはIで、0<x<1で、0<y<2である。)
[化学式3]
Li3−2y−xMyO1−xHalxCl
(前記化学式3において、MはMg、Ca、SrまたはBaで、HalはF、Cl、BrまたはIで、0<x<1で、0<y<1である。)
LiRAP化合物
本発明で示すLiRAP(Lithium Rich Antiperovskites)化合物は、リチウムリッチアンチペロブスカイト結晶構造を有する化合物である。具体的に、前記LiRAP化合物は、Li3OClの基本結晶構造でイオン伝導度を向上するためにドーパントを置換するものの、従来のようにClではなくOでドーパントが置換された構造であって、好ましくは、下記化学式1、化学式2または化学式3で表される化学構造を有する。
[化学式1]
Li3−xClO1−xHalx
(前記化学式1において、HalはF、Cl、BrまたはIで、0<x<1である。)
[化学式2]
Li3−y−xMyO1−xHalxCl
(前記化学式2において、MはNa、K、RbまたはCsで、HalはF、Cl、BrまたはIで、0<x<1で、0<y<2である。)
[化学式3]
Li3−2y−xMyO1−xHalxCl
(前記化学式3において、MはMg、Ca、SrまたはBaで、HalはF、Cl、BrまたはIで、0<x<1で、0<y<1である。)
+1価:Na、K、Rb、Cs
+2価:Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba
+3価:B、Al、Ga、In、Sc、Y、La
+4価:Si、Ge、Ti、Zr、Hf
アニオン:
O位置:F、Cl、Br、I
前記化学式1、化学式2または化学式3のLiRAP化合物は、高いイオン伝導度によってリチウム二次電池に適用することが可能である。
実施例1:Li3−xClO1−xHalxの製造(Li2.963ClO0.963F0.037)
反応容器にLiNO3粉末6.528g、LiF粉末0.048gを100mlのHNO3(0.1M)に溶かした後、12時間常温で反応させる。反応後、回転蒸発濃縮機と電気オーブンを使って乾燥させる。乾燥されたパウダーは、900℃、3日間焼成過程を経た後、3℃/minの速度で常温に落とす。合成されたパウダーは、未反応物を除去するために蒸溜水で数回洗い出し、再び600℃、1時間空気中で焼成させる。合成された物質をLiCl粉末2.1gとhand mixingをしてgrindingされた混合粉末を製造した。前記混合粉末に3mlのH2Oを添加してゲル状態の混合物を製造した。次いで、酸素雰囲気の下、600℃のオートクレーブで2時間以上熱処理した後、約1時間同一温度下で乾燥させ、Li2.963ClO0.963F0.037を製造した。
反応容器にLiNO3粉末6.451g、LiF粉末0.048g、Na(CH3COO)粉末0.15gを100mlのHNO3(0.1M)に溶かした後、12時間常温で反応させる。反応後、回転蒸発濃縮機と電気オーブンを使って乾燥させる。乾燥されたパウダーは、900℃、3日間焼成過程を経た後、3℃/minの速度で常温に落とす。合成されたパウダーは、未反応物を除去するために蒸溜水で数回洗い出し、再び600℃、1時間空気中で焼成させる。合成された物質をLiCl粉末2.1gとhand mixingをしてgrindingされた混合粉末を製造した。前記混合粉末に3mlのH2Oを添加してゲル状態の混合物を製造した。次いで、酸素雰囲気の下、600℃のオートクレーブで2時間以上熱処理した後、約1時間同一温度下で乾燥させ、Li2.926Na0.037ClO0.963F0.037を製造した。
反応容器にLiNO3粉末6.325g、LiF粉末0.048g、Ba(CH3COO)2粉末0.46gを100mlのHNO3(0.1M)に溶かした後、12時間常温で反応させる。反応後、回転蒸発濃縮機と電気オーブンを使って乾燥させる。乾燥されたパウダーは、900℃、3日間焼成過程を経た後、3℃/minの速度で常温に落とす。合成されたパウダーは、未反応物を除去するために蒸溜水で数回洗い出し、再び600℃、1時間空気中で焼成させる。合成された物質をLiCl粉末2.1gとhand mixingをしてgrindingされた混合粉末を製造した。前記混合粉末に3mlのH2Oを添加し、ゲル状態の混合物を製造した。次いで、酸素雰囲気の下、600℃のオートクレーブで2時間以上熱処理した後、約1時間同一温度下で乾燥させ、Li1.889Ba0.037ClO0.963F0.037を製造した。
FがO−siteで置換された物質の最適構造を計算するために、密度汎関数理論(DFT、density functional theory)基盤の第一原理計算法を利用した。まず、Li3ClOの単位結晶格子(unit cell)をx−軸、y−軸、z−軸方向へそれぞれ3倍ずつ伸ばした3×3×3スーパーセル(supercell)を生成した後、(0.5、0.5、0.5)位置にある酸素をFで置換した。電荷の均衡のために置換されたFの周辺に存在するリチウムのうち、一つを除去してリチウムvacancyを生成した。計算に使用された構造は、以下の図のとおりであって、Li79Cl27O26F1の化学式を有する。構造最適化のために平面波(planewave)基盤の密度汎関数方法コードであるVASPを利用し、計算で電子−電子間の相互作用を模写するための交換−相関(exchange correlation)は、Generalized Gradient Approximationの(GGA)Perdew−Burke−Ernzerhor(PBE)関数を使用した。この時、電子のkinetic energy cutoffは400eV、エネルギーsmearingはガウシアン法を利用した。電子のエネルギー(eigenvalue)計算のための逆格子空間でのk−point meshは、ガンマポイントだけが含まれる条件を使用し、全ての原子間に作用する力が0.01eV/Åより小さくなるまで繰り返して計算した。このように最適化された構造を基盤にして、x−ray peakシミュレーションをした。図8、9、10、11は、前記方法によって導き出したLi3ClO、Li2.963ClO0.963F0.037、Li2.926Na0.037ClO0.963F0.037、Li1.889Ba0.037ClO0.963F0.037のXRD peak spectraである。
Claims (6)
- 下記化学式1、化学式2または化学式3で表されるリチウムリッチアンチペロブスカイト(Lithium Rich Antiperovskites、LiRAP)結晶構造を有する化合物:
[化学式1]
Li3−xClO1−xHalx
(前記化学式1において、HalはF、Cl、BrまたはIで、0<x<1である。)
[化学式2]
Li3−y−xMyO1−xHalxCl
(前記化学式2において、MはNa、K、RbまたはCsで、HalはF、Cl、BrまたはIで、0<x<1で、0<y<2である。)
[化学式3]
Li3−2y−xMyO1−xHalxCl
(前記化学式3において、MはMg、Ca、SrまたはBaで、HalはF、Cl、BrまたはIで、0<x<1で、0<y<1である。) - 前記化合物は、10ないし10−10S/cmのイオン伝導度を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 下記化学式1、化学式2または化学式3で表されるリチウムリッチアンチペロブスカイト(Lithium Rich Antiperovskites、LiRAP)結晶構造を有する化合物を含むリチウム二次電池用電解質:
[化学式1]
Li3−xClO1−xHalx
(前記化学式1において、HalはF、Cl、BrまたはIで、0<x<1である。)
[化学式2]
Li3−y−xMyO1−xHalxCl
(前記化学式2において、MはNa、K、RbまたはCsで、HalはF、Cl、BrまたはIで、0<x<1で、0<y<2である。)
[化学式3]
Li3−2y−xMyO1−xHalxCl
(前記化学式3において、MはMg、Ca、SrまたはBaで、HalはF、Cl、BrまたはIで、0<x<1で、0<y<1である。) - 前記化合物は、10ないし10−10S/cmのイオン伝導度を有することを特徴とする、請求項3に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解質。
- 請求項3または4に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解質を含むことを特徴とするリチウム二次電池。
- 前記リチウム二次電池は、リチウム−空気電池、リチウム酸化物電池、リチウム−硫黄電池、リチウム金属電池または全固体電池の中で選択された1種であることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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