JP6600694B2 - 上位及び下位運動ニューロン機能並びに知覚の減衰を示す非ヒト動物 - Google Patents
上位及び下位運動ニューロン機能並びに知覚の減衰を示す非ヒト動物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本願は、米国仮出願シリアル番号第62/133,909号(2015年3月16日出願)及び同第62/250,229号(2015年11月3日出願)の利益を主張し、それらのそれぞれの出願は、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
配列表の正式なコピーは、2016年3月16日に作成され、かつ約685キロバイトのサイズを有する、ファイル名「2016−03−16−T0041WO01−SEQ−LIST ST25.txt」のASCII形式の配列表としてEFS−Web経由で電子的に提出され、かつ本明細書と同時に出願される。このASCII形式の文書に含まれる配列表は、本明細書の一部であり、かつ参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
本出願は、概ね、時間の経過とともに上位運動ニューロン、下位運動ニューロン、及び/又は知覚の減衰を現す非ヒト動物に関するものであり、この動物は、筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)のような運動ニューロン疾患など、神経変性疾患に有益なモデルを提供し得る。
ルー・ゲーリック病としても知られる筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)は、随意運動を担う脊髄、脳幹、及び皮質内の運動ニューロンの破壊がもたらす、致命的な神経変性病である。この疾病は臨床上、進行性筋衰弱及び萎縮症として現れ、発病から3〜5年以内に麻痺及び死亡をもたらす。
特定の実施形態において、例えば、以下が提供される:
(項目1)
DR6タンパク質の細胞質ドメイン全体をコードする第1のヌクレオチド配列を欠いている、修飾された内因性DR6遺伝子座をゲノム内に含む、遺伝子組み換えされたげっ歯類。
(項目2)
前記修飾された内因性DR6遺伝子座が、成熟DR6タンパク質全体をコードする、第2のヌクレオチド配列を更に欠いている、項目1に記載の遺伝子組み換えされたげっ歯類。
(項目3)
前記修飾された内因性DR6遺伝子座が、膜貫通ドメイン及びレポータータンパク質のうちの少なくとも1つに操作可能に融合された機能性DR6シグナルペプチドをコードする核酸配列を含む、項目1又は項目2に記載の遺伝子組み換えされたげっ歯類。
(項目4)
前記核酸配列が、前記膜貫通ドメインに操作可能に融合された前記機能性DR6シグナルペプチドをコードし、かつ、前記膜貫通が前記レポータータンパク質に操作可能に融合されている、項目3に記載の遺伝子修飾されたげっ歯類。
(項目5)
前記機能性DR6シグナルペプチドが内因性DR6シグナルペプチドである、項目3又は項目4に記載の遺伝子修飾されたげっ歯類。
(項目6)
前記膜貫通ドメインが内因性DR6膜貫通ドメインではない、項目3〜5のいずれか一項に記載の遺伝子修飾されたげっ歯類。
(項目7)
前記膜貫通ドメインがROR1膜貫通ドメインである、項目3〜6のいずれか一項に記載の遺伝子修飾されたげっ歯類。
(項目8)
前記レポータータンパク質がβガラクトシダーゼである、項目3〜7のいずれか一項に記載の遺伝子修飾されたげっ歯類。
(項目9)
前記核酸配列が、内因性DR6転写制御配列に操作可能に連結される、項目3〜8のいずれか一項に記載の遺伝子修飾されたげっ歯類。
(項目10)
前記遺伝子修飾されたげっ歯類が、前記修飾された内因性DR6遺伝子座に関してヘテロ接合型である、項目1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の遺伝子修飾されたげっ歯類。
(項目11)
前記げっ歯類が運動ニューロンの機能障害を示す、項目1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の遺伝子修飾されたげっ歯類。
(項目12)
前記運動ニューロンが上位運動ニューロン又は下位運動ニューロンである、項目11に記載の遺伝子修飾されたげっ歯類。
(項目13)
前記げっ歯類が4週齢を超えるまで、前記運動ニューロンの機能障害が、盲検化主観的スコアリングアッセイ、ロータロッド試験、キャットウォーク試験、オープンフィールド試験、及び体重測定において現れない、項目12に記載の遺伝子修飾されたげっ歯類。
(項目14)
前記げっ歯類が、対照げっ歯類と比較して侵害受容の減少を示す、項目1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の遺伝子修飾されたげっ歯類。
(項目15)
前記げっ歯類がラット又はマウスである、項目1に記載の遺伝子修飾されたげっ歯類。
(項目16)
前記げっ歯類が、成熟したDR6タンパク質全体をコードする第1のヌクレオチド配列を欠いている、修飾された内因性DR6遺伝子座を含むマウスであり、
前記内因性マウスDR6遺伝子座が、少なくとも1つの内因性DR6転写制御配列に操作可能に連結され、β−ガラクトシダーゼに操作可能に融合されたROR1膜貫通ドメインに、操作可能に融合された内因性DR6シグナルペプチドをコードする核酸配列を含む、項目15に記載の遺伝子修飾されたげっ歯類。
(項目17)
前記マウスが、129系統、C57BL/6系統、及び混合型C57BL/6×129系統からなる群から選択される系統由来であり、前記マウスが、8〜20週齢の間に対照野生型動物と比較して体重増加の低下を示す、項目16に記載の遺伝子修飾されたげっ歯類。
(項目18)
項目1〜17のいずれか一項に記載の遺伝子修飾されたげっ歯類由来の細胞又は組織。
(項目19)
前記細胞が運動ニューロン又は胚幹細胞である、項目18に記載の細胞又は組織。
(項目20)
項目1に記載の遺伝子修飾されたげっ歯類を作製する方法であって、前記げっ歯類の内因性DR6遺伝子座から、DR6細胞質ドメイン全体をコードする第1の内因性ヌクレオチド配列を欠失させる工程を含む、方法。
(項目21)
前記欠失させる工程が、全長かつ内因性の成熟したDR6タンパク質をコードする第2の内因性ヌクレオチド配列を、膜貫通ドメイン及び/又はレポーター遺伝子をコードする核酸配列に置き換えることを含み、前記核酸が、内因性DR6転写制御配列及びシグナルペプチド配列と操作可能に連結する、項目20に記載の方法。
(項目22)
対照運動ニューロン細胞と比較して酸化的ストレスの増加を示す、運動ニューロンの集団を作製する方法であって、項目1〜17のいずれか一項に記載の前記げっ歯類から単離された内部細胞塊の胚幹細胞から胚様体を確立することと、前記胚様体を前記運動ニューロンの集団に分化させることと、を含む、方法。
(項目23)
運動ニューロン機能障害を調節するための候補薬剤をスクリーニングする方法であって、
(a)そのゲノム内に、DR6細胞質ドメイン全体をコードする第1のヌクレオチド配列を欠いている、修飾された内因性DR6遺伝子座を含むげっ歯類に、候補薬剤を投与することであって、前記げっ歯類が運動ニューロン機能障害を発現する、ことと、
(b)試験対照げっ歯類と比較して、前記げっ歯類における前記運動ニューロン機能障害の少なくとも1つの症状に対する、前記候補薬剤の何らかの調節効果を決定することと、を含み、
前記試験対照げっ歯類と比較して、前記げっ歯類における前記運動ニューロン機能障害の前記少なくとも1つの症状に対する調節効果の存在が、前記候補薬剤が運動ニューロン機能障害を調節するのに有益であることを示す、方法。
(項目24)
前記修飾された内因性DR6遺伝子座が、成熟した内因性DR6タンパク質全体をコードする第2のヌクレオチド配列を更に欠いている、項目23に記載の方法。
(項目25)
前記修飾された内因性DR6遺伝子座が、膜貫通ドメイン及びレポータータンパク質のうちの少なくとも1つに操作可能に融合された機能性DR6シグナルペプチドをコードす
る核酸配列を含む、項目23又は項目24に記載の方法。
(項目26)
前記薬剤が、盲検化主観的ALS−TDI神経学的スコアリング、ロータロッド試験、キャットウォーク試験、オープンフィールド試験、体重測定、又は疼痛刺激に反応するまでの潜時の決定による、前記症状の検知の前に投与される、項目23〜25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目27)
前記薬剤が、盲検化主観的ALS−TDI神経学的スコアリング、ロータロッド試験、キャットウォーク試験、オープンフィールド試験、体重測定、又は疼痛刺激に反応するまでの潜時の決定のうちの1つ又は2つ以上による、前記症状の検知の後に投与される、項目23〜26のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目28)
前記薬剤が2回以上の異なる時点で投与される、項目23〜27のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目29)
前記少なくとも1つの症状が、前記げっ歯類と同一の系統を有するが、そのゲノム内に前記核酸を含まない対照げっ歯類と比較した、後弯症、異常後肢クラスピング、運動調整欠失、運動学習能力欠失、体重減少、及び知覚欠失から選択される、項目23〜28のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目30)
前記少なくとも1つの症状が上位運動ニューロン機能障害の結果である、項目23〜29のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目31)
前記少なくとも1つの症状が、振戦、痙性麻痺(硬直)、異常反射、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、項目30に記載の方法。
(項目32)
前記少なくとも1つの症状が下位運動ニューロン機能障害の結果である、項目23〜29のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目33)
前記少なくとも1つの症状が、筋力低下及び衰弱、線維束性収縮、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、項目32に記載の方法。
(項目34)
前記運動ニューロン機能障害の少なくとも1つの症状が、体重増加の低下である、項目23〜33のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目35)
前記運動ニューロン機能障害の少なくとも1つの症状が、侵害受容の減少である、項目23〜34のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目36)
前記げっ歯類が、成熟したDR6タンパク質全体をコードする第1のヌクレオチド配列を欠いている、修飾された内因性DR6遺伝子座を含むマウスであり、
前記内因性マウスDR6遺伝子座が、少なくとも1つの内因性DR6転写制御配列に操作可能に連結され、β−ガラクトシダーゼに操作可能に融合されたROR1膜貫通ドメインに、操作可能に融合された内因性DR6シグナルペプチドをコードする核酸配列を含む、項目23〜35のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目37)
前記マウスが、129系統、C57BL/6系統、及び混合型C57BL/6×129系統からなる群から選択される系統由来のマウスである、項目36に記載の方法。
(項目38)
運動ニューロンにおける酸化的ストレスを軽減するための候補薬剤をスクリーニングする方法であって、
(a)薬剤の存在下又は非存在下で、項目1に記載のげっ歯類由来の運動ニューロンを培養することと、
(b)前記薬剤が、前記げっ歯類由来であるが、前記薬剤非存在下で培養された対照運動ニューロンと比較したときに、前記運動ニューロンにおける酸化的ストレスを防止、抑制、及び/又は軽減するかどうかを決定することと、を含み、前記運動ニューロンにおける酸化的ストレスの防止、抑制、及び/又は軽減が、運動ニューロンにおける酸化的ストレスを軽減するための候補薬剤を示す、方法。
(項目39)
操作可能に連結され、5’から3’へ、DR6シグナルペプチドをコードする第1の核酸配列、膜貫通ドメインをコードする第2の核酸、レポーター遺伝子をコードする第3の核酸、及び/又は薬剤選択カセットをコードする第4の核酸を含む、核酸。
(項目40)
前記第1の核酸配列が、配列番号6に記述され、前記第2の核酸配列が配列番号7に記述され、前記第3の核酸配列が配列番号8に記述され、かつ/又は前記第4の核酸が配列番号3に記述される、項目39に記載の核酸配列。
(項目41)
第1の標的化アーム及び第2の標的化アームを更に含み、前記第1の標的化アームが前記第1、第2、及び/又は第3の核酸配列の5’であり、そこに操作可能に連結しており、前記第2の標的化アームが前記第1、第2、及び/又は第3の核酸配列の3’であり、そこに操作可能に連結しており、前記第1及び第2の標的化アームが、少なくとも1つの内因性非ヒト動物制御要素に操作可能に連結する、内因性非ヒト動物DR6遺伝子座への挿入用として前記核酸を標的化するものである、項目39又は項目40に記載の核酸。
(項目42)
前記非ヒト動物がげっ歯類である、項目41に記載の核酸。
(項目43)
前記げっ歯類がマウスである、項目42に記載の核酸配列。
(項目44)
前記核酸が配列番号5又は配列番号17に記述された配列を含む、項目43に記載の核酸配列。
(項目45)
項目39〜44のいずれか一項に記載の前記核酸を含む、げっ歯類細胞。
(項目46)
前記げっ歯類細胞が胚幹細胞である、項目45に記載のげっ歯類細胞。
ルー・ゲーリック病とも呼ばれる筋萎縮性側索硬化症(「ALS」)は、毎年新しい症例が5,000件発生し、20,000人ものアメリカ人に影響を及ぼしている進行性の致命的な神経疾患である。この疾患は、運動ニューロン疾患として知られる疾患の分類に属する。随意運動を制御する脳及び脊髄内の特定の神経細胞が次第に縮退すると、ALSを発症する。脳及び脊髄の両方が、体内の筋へのメッセージを生み、送り届ける能力を失う。機能できない筋は、次第に萎縮し、単収縮を起こす。
定義
A.レポーターノックイン対立遺伝子の設計及び構成
B.レポーター発現プロファイリング
内因性DR6遺伝子座の遺伝子修飾は、本明細書に提供される非ヒト動物における様々な表現型をもたらし得る。一実施形態では、内因性DR6遺伝子座の遺伝子修飾は、出生時に相対的に正常であるが、加齢時、例えば、生後1週間、生後2週間、生後3週間、生後4週間、生後5週間、生後6週間、生後7週間、生後8週間などでALSに似た症状を現す、非ヒト動物をもたらす。別の実施形態では、内因性DR6遺伝子座の遺伝子修飾は、1つ又は2つ以上の細胞型、例えば、ニューロン及び/若しくは膠細胞、並びに/又はその一部分、例えばミエリンの異常な機能をもたらす。ニューロンは、感覚ニューロン、運動ニューロン、及び介在ニューロンと一般に称されるその他すべてのニューロン型を含む。膠細胞は、星状膠細胞、乏突起神経膠細胞などを含む。
A.標的化ベクター及び挿入核酸
i.挿入核酸
ii.発現カセット
iii.標的化ベクター
iv。大型標的化ベクター
III.配列の導入及びトランスジェニック動物の生成方法
IV.細胞
V.動物モデル
実施例1:DR6(Tnfr21)遺伝子座の遺伝子修飾
実施例2:DR6遺伝子座における変異体を含む動物の表現型分析
実施例3:DR6遺伝子座における変異体を含む動物の解剖学的分析
実施例4:DR6遺伝子座における変異体を含む動物の神経タンパク質の発現
実施例5:内因性DR6遺伝子座における変異体を含む動物内の遺伝子発現パターン
実施例6:DR6−/−動物による末梢性免疫細胞ホメオスタシスの表示
実施例7:DR6+/−マウスからの胚幹細胞由来の運動ニューロンによる酸化的ストレス増加の実証
実施例8:DR6+/−及びDR6+/+動物の表現型比較
実施例9:DR6+/−及びDR6+/+動物の知覚欠失
Claims (21)
- 修飾された内因性DR6遺伝子座が、(i)配列番号15のアミノ酸1〜614をコードするヌクレオチド配列を欠いており、かつ(ii)内因性DR6転写調節配列に操作可能に連結された、配列番号17に記述された核酸配列またはその縮重変異型を含むように、β−ガラクトシダーゼ遺伝子に操作可能に連結されたROR1膜貫通ドメインコード配列を含む異種ポリヌクレオチドによる、内因性DR6遺伝子のエキソン2の一部からエキソン6の全体までを含む内因性ゲノム配列の置換を含む、修飾された内因性DR6遺伝子座をゲノム内に含む、遺伝子組み換えされたマウスであって、
前記マウスは、前記修飾された内因性DR6遺伝子座についてホモ接合型であり、
前記マウスは、前記核酸配列を発現し、
(a)1つ又は2つ以上のALSに似た症状として現れる運動ニューロンの機能障害、(b)脊髄内の運動ニューロン喪失、
(c)前記マウスと同一の系統を有するが、前記修飾された内因性DR6遺伝子座を含まない対照マウスと比較しての侵害受容の減少、または
(d)(a)、(b)および(c)の任意の組み合わせ
を現す、マウス。 - 前記マウスが、1つ又は2つ以上のALSに似た症状として現れる運動ニューロンの機能障害を示す、請求項1に記載の遺伝子修飾されたマウス。
- 前記運動ニューロンが上位運動ニューロン又は下位運動ニューロンを含む、請求項2に記載の遺伝子修飾されたマウス。
- 前記げっ歯類が4週齢を超えるまで、前記運動ニューロンの機能障害が、盲検化主観的神経学的スコアリングアッセイ、ロータロッド試験、キャットウォーク試験、オープンフィールド試験、及び体重測定において現れない、請求項3に記載の遺伝子修飾されたマウス。
- 前記げっ歯類が、前記対照マウスと比較して侵害受容の減少を示す、請求項1に記載の遺伝子修飾されたマウス。
- 前記マウスが、129系統、C57BL/6系統、及び混合型C57BL/6×129系統からなる群から選択される系統由来であり、前記マウスが、8〜20週齢の間に前記対照マウスと比較して体重増加の低下を示す、請求項1に記載の遺伝子修飾されたマウス。
- 修飾された内因性DR6遺伝子座が、(i)配列番号15のアミノ酸1〜614をコードするヌクレオチド配列を欠いており、かつ(ii)内因性DR6転写調節配列に操作可能に連結された、配列番号17に記述された核酸配列またはその縮重変異型を含むように、β−ガラクトシダーゼ遺伝子に操作可能に連結されたROR1膜貫通ドメインコード配列を含む異種ポリヌクレオチドによる、内因性DR6遺伝子のエキソン2の一部からエキソン6までを含む内因性ゲノム配列の置換を含む、修飾された内因性DR6遺伝子座を含むマウス細胞又は組織であって、前記マウス細胞又は組織が、前記修飾された内因性DR6遺伝子座についてホモ接合型である、細胞又は組織。
- 前記細胞が運動ニューロン又は胚幹細胞である、請求項7に記載の細胞。
- 請求項1に記載の遺伝子修飾されたマウスを作製する方法であって、
前記マウスの内因性DR6遺伝子座において、前記遺伝子座が、(i)成熟DR6タンパク質をコードする内因子ヌクレオチド配列の欠失であって、前記内因性ヌクレオチド配列が配列番号15のアミノ酸1〜614をコードする、欠失、および(ii)内因性DR6転写調節配列に操作可能に連結された、配列番号17に記述された核酸配列またはその縮重変異型を含むように、内因性DR6遺伝子のエキソン2の一部からエキソン6までを含むゲノム配列を、β−ガラクトシダーゼ遺伝子に操作可能に連結されたROR1膜貫通ドメインコード配列を含む異種ポリヌクレオチドによって置換する工程と、
前記マウスを育種して、前記修飾された内因性DR6遺伝子座についてホモ接合にする工程と
を含む、方法。 - 運動ニューロン機能障害を調節するための候補薬剤をスクリーニングする方法であって、
(a)請求項1に記載のマウスに、候補薬剤を投与することと、
(b)前記マウスと同一の系統および修飾を有するが、候補薬剤を投与されていない試験対照マウスと比較して、前記マウスにおける前記運動ニューロン機能障害の少なくとも1つの症状に対する、前記候補薬剤の何らかの調節効果を決定することと、を含み、
前記試験対照マウスと比較して、前記マウスにおける前記運動ニューロン機能障害の前記少なくとも1つの症状に対する調節効果の存在が、前記候補薬剤が運動ニューロン機能障害を調節するのに有益であることを示す、方法。 - 前記薬剤が、盲検化主観的ALS−TDI神経学的スコアリング、ロータロッド試験、キャットウォーク試験、オープンフィールド試験、体重測定、又は疼痛刺激に反応するまでの潜時の決定による、前記症状の検知の前に投与される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記薬剤が、盲検化主観的ALS−TDI神経学的スコアリング、ロータロッド試験、キャットウォーク試験、オープンフィールド試験、体重測定、又は疼痛刺激に反応するまでの潜時の決定のうちの1つ又は2つ以上による、前記症状の検知の後に投与される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記薬剤が2回以上の異なる時点で投与される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの症状が、前記マウスと同一の系統を有するが、そのゲノム内に前記核酸を含まない対照マウスと比較した、体重減少、及び知覚欠失から選択される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの症状が上位運動ニューロン機能障害の結果である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの症状が、振戦、痙性麻痺(硬直)、異常反射、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの症状が下位運動ニューロン機能障害の結果である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの症状が、筋力低下及び衰弱、線維束性収縮、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記運動ニューロン機能障害の少なくとも1つの症状が、体重増加の低下である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記運動ニューロン機能障害の少なくとも1つの症状が、侵害受容の減少である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記マウスが、129系統、C57BL/6系統、及び混合型C57BL/6×129系統からなる群から選択される系統由来のマウスである、請求項10に記載の方法。
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