JP6672277B2 - ベータラクタマーゼ製剤およびその使用 - Google Patents
ベータラクタマーゼ製剤およびその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6672277B2 JP6672277B2 JP2017516516A JP2017516516A JP6672277B2 JP 6672277 B2 JP6672277 B2 JP 6672277B2 JP 2017516516 A JP2017516516 A JP 2017516516A JP 2017516516 A JP2017516516 A JP 2017516516A JP 6672277 B2 JP6672277 B2 JP 6672277B2
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Description
本願は、2014年10月8日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/061,507号;2015年2月28日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/126,556号;および2015年8月14日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/205,443号の利益を主張するものであり、上記出願はいずれも、その内容全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本明細書とともに電子出願するテキストファイル、すなわちコンピュータで読取り可能な形式の配列表のコピー(ファイル名:SYN−007PC−SequenceListing.txt;記録日:2016年10月6日;ファイルサイズ:12KB)の内容は、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
ベータラクタマーゼ
いくつかの態様では、本発明は、1つまたは複数のベータラクタマーゼの組成物および製剤ならびに使用に関する。本明細書で使用されるベータラクタマーゼは、ベータラクタムを加水分解する酵素を指す。ベータラクタム環のアミド結合の加水分解により、抗菌剤が生物学的に不活性となる。本明細書で使用されるクラスAベータラクタマーゼ(Ambler分類)は、ベータラクタムの加水分解が、活性部位にあって、通常アルファへリックス2のアミノ酸70の位置にあるセリンによって媒介される、セリンベータラクタマーゼを指す。クラスAベータラクタマーゼとしては、特に限定されないが、Len−1、SHV−1、TEM−1、PSE−3/PSE−3、ROB−1、バチルス・セレウス(Bacillus cereus)、例えば5/Bタイプ1、569/Hタイプ1および569/Hタイプ3など、バチルス・アントラシス(Bacillus anthrasis)種、バチルス・リケニフォルミス(Bacillus licheniformis)、例えばPenPなど、バチルス・ウェイヘンステファネンシス(Bacillus weihenstephanensis)、バチルス・クラウジイ(Bacillus clausii)、スタフィロコッカス・アウレウス(Staphylococcus aureus)、PC1型、Sme−1型、NmcA型、IMI型、PER型、VEB型、GES型、KPC型、CME型およびCTX−M型のベータラクタマーゼが挙げられる。
配列番号1
TEMKDDFAKLEEQFDAKLGIFALDTGTNRTVAYRPDERFAFASTIKALTVGVLLQQKSIEDLNQRITYTRDDLVNYNPITEKHVDTGMTLKELADASLRYSDNAAQNLILKQIGGPESLKKELRKIGDEVTNPERFEPELNEVNPGETQDTSTARALVTSLRAFALEDKLPSEKRELLIDWMKRNTTGDALIRAGVPDGWEVADKTGAASYGTRNDIAIIWPPKGDPVVLAVLSSRDKKDAKYDNKLIAEATKVVMKALNMNGK。
配列番号2
atgactgagatgaaagatgattttgcgaagctggaagaacagtttgacgcaaaattgggcattttcgcgttggacacgggtacgaatcgtacggttgcctaccgtccggacgagcgcttcgccttcgcgagcacgatcaaagccctgaccgtcggcgtgctgctccagcaaaagagcatcgaggacctgaaccagcgcattacctacacccgtgatgatctggtgaactataatccgatcaccgagaaacacgttgataccggtatgaccctgaaagaactggcagatgcaagcctgcgctacagcgataacgcggctcagaatctgattctgaagcaaatcggtggtccggagagcttgaagaaagaactgcgtaaaatcggcgatgaagtcactaatccggagcgttttgagccggagctgaacgaagtgaatccgggtgaaacgcaagacacgagcaccgcgcgtgcgcttgtcacctccctgcgcgctttcgcactggaagataagctgccgtcggagaaacgcgagctgctgatcgactggatgaagcgcaatacgaccggcgacgcgctgattcgtgcgggcgttccggacggttgggaagtggctgacaagaccggtgcggcgagctacggcacccgtaacgatatcgcgatcatttggccacctaaaggtgacccggtcgtgctggccgtactgagcagccgtgacaagaaagacgcaaagtatgataacaagctgattgcagaggcgaccaaagttgttatgaaggcactgaacatgaatggtaag
が提供される。
配列番号3
EMKDDFAKLEEQFDAKLGIFALDTGTNRTVAYRPDERFAFASTIKALTVGVLLQQKSIEDLNQRITTRDDLVNYNPITEKHVDTGMTLKELADASLRYSDNAAQNLILKQIGGPESLKKELRKIGDEVTNPERFEPELNEVNPGETQDTSTARALVTSLRAFALEDKLPSEKRELLIDWMKRNTTGDALIRAGVPDGWEVGDKTGSGDYGTRNDIAIIWPPKGDPVVLAVLSSRDKKDAKYDNKLIAEATKVVMKALNMNGK
ETGTISISQLNKNVWVHTELGYFNGEAVPSNGLVLNTSKGLVLVDSSWDNKLTKELIEMVEKKFQKRVTDVIITHAHADRIGGITALKERGIKAHSTALTAELAKNSGYEEPLGDLQTITSLKFGNTKVETFYPGKGHTEDNIVVWLPQYQILAGGCLVKSAEAKDLGNVADAYVNEWSTSIENVLKRYGNINSVVPGHGEVGDKGLLLHTLDLLK。
一態様では、本発明は、少なくとも1つのベータラクタマーゼを含み、GI管の1つまたは複数の領域内に相当量のベータラクタマーゼを放出する、放出調節製剤を提供する。いくつかの実施形態では、ベータラクタマーゼは、P3Aをはじめとする本明細書に記載されるベータラクタマーゼ剤およびその変異体(例えば、上記のもの)である。例えば、製剤は、胃の後、GI管の1つまたは複数の領域内にベータラクタマーゼ、例えばP3Aの少なくとも約60%を放出し得る。
ベータラクタマーゼ(例えば、P3Aをはじめとする本明細書に記載されるベータラクタマーゼ剤およびその変異体)の放出調節製剤は、薬学的に許容される担体または添加剤をさらに含み得る。当業者に理解される通り、製剤は、所望の用途および投与経路に適した任意の形態であり得る。
本発明に従って投与するベータラクタマーゼ(例えば、P3Aをはじめとする本明細書に記載されるベータラクタマーゼ剤およびその変異体)の実際の用量は、例えば具体的な剤形および投与様式に応じて異なることが理解されよう。ベータラクタマーゼの作用を変化させ得る多数の因子(例えば、対象の体重、性別、食事、投与時間、投与経路、排泄速度、状態、薬物の組合せ、遺伝的素因および反応感度)が当業者によって考慮され得る。投与は、最大耐量の範囲内で、連続的に実施しても、1回または複数回の別個の投与で実施してもよい。当業者であれば、従来の用量投与試験を用いて、所与の諸条件に最適な投与速度を明らかにすることができる。
本発明の製剤の投与を追加の治療剤と組み合わせ得る。追加の治療剤と本発明の製剤の共投与は、同時投与であっても逐次投与であってもよい。さらに、本発明の製剤は(例えば、共製剤化によって)追加の治療剤を含み得る。
種々の態様では、本発明は、GI管の抗生物質誘導性有害作用の治療ならびに/あるいはC.ディフィシル(C.difficile)感染症(CDI)および/またはC.ディフィシル(C.difficile)関連疾患の予防または治療に使用する、ベータラクタマーゼ(および/または追加の薬剤)を含む放出調節製剤を提供する。他の態様では、GI管の抗生物質誘導性有害作用の治療ならびに/あるいはC.ディフィシル(C.difficile)感染症(CDI)および/またはC.ディフィシル(C.difficile)関連疾患の予防または治療へのベータラクタマーゼ(および/または追加の薬剤)を含む放出調節製剤の使用が提供される。
本発明は、本明細書に記載される放出調節製剤の投与を簡略化することができるキットを提供する。キットとは、本明細書に記載される放出調節製剤を少なくとも1つ含めた材料または構成要素の集合体のことである。キットを構成する構成要素の正確な性質は、その意図する目的によって決まる。一実施形態では、キットはヒト対象の治療を目的に構成されている。
実施例1:P3A放出遅延ペレットおよびカプセルの製造
腸溶コーティングしたP3Aペレットを含むP3A製剤を作製した。ペレットの作製には、P3Aをスクロースコアに噴霧コーティングし、P3A医薬品有効成分を胃の酸性条件から保護する腸溶層のEudragit L30 D−55を噴霧乾燥させた。小腸内でpHが上昇して5.5以上になるとEudragit L30 D55 ポリマーが脱重合し始め、これによりペレットから活性薬物が放出される。
P3A剤形は、放出遅延ペレットを充填した硬ゼラチンカプセルまたはヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース(HPMC)カプセルである。カプセルは、乳白色または白色で、サイズが0号である。放出遅延カプセルには、添加剤に溶かしたP3A原薬の内層と、添加剤に溶かしたpH感受性腸溶性外層コーティングとを有するスクロース球状体からなるペレットが収納されている。ペレットは、上部小腸でpHが約5.5まで上昇すると溶解し始め、原薬を放出するよう設計されている。
腸溶コーティングしたP3Aペレット(実施例1および2で製剤化したもの)を0.1MのHCL溶液中で2時間保持した後、pHが5.5、5.8または6.8の緩衝液中で15〜240分間インキュベートした。pH5.5の試料およびpH5.8の試料については15分後、30分後および45分後ならびに45分後、1時間後、2時間後、3時間後および4時間後にアリコートを採取し、pH6.8の試料については1時間後、2時間後、3時間後および4時間後にアリコートを採取した。試料アリコートはいずれも、CENTA発色アッセイを用いてベータラクタマーゼ活性のアッセイに供した。
37℃のヒト糜汁中でのP3Aペレット(実施例1および2で製剤化したもの)の安定性を評価した。具体的には、P3Aペレットを5種類の異なる糜汁標本中でインキュベートした。0時間後、0.5時間後、1時間後、2時間後、3時間後、4時間後、5時間後および6時間後にアリコートを採取し、ベータラクタマーゼ基質CENTAを用いてベータラクタマーゼ活性を測定した。使用した5種類のチャイム試料の特徴を表4に示す。
セフトリアキソンを基質とするin vitro生化学アッセイを用いて、P1AまたはP3A(SYN−004)を含有する製剤化ペレットのベータラクタマーゼ酵素活性を求めた。実施例1および2に既に記載した通りにペレットを製剤化した。具体的には、50mMリン酸カリウム緩衝剤6.8緩衝液中、製剤化ペレット(スクロースコア上にP1AまたはP3A原薬を噴霧乾燥させた後、保護腸溶コーティングを噴霧乾燥させて製造したペレット)からP1AおよびP3Aを溶出させた。HPLC分析法によって溶出緩衝液中のP1AおよびP3Aの濃度を求め、in vitro生化学アッセイを用い、セフトリアキソンの加水分解について、溶出したペレットのベータラクタマーゼ酵素活性を評価した。
ヒト化ブタを用いた予備試験で、P3Aがセフトリアキソン(CRO)による損傷から腸内ミクロビオームを保護する能力を評価した。試験のデザインおよび時系列をそれぞれ図7および8に示す。
P3Aが抗生物質誘導性(例えば、セフトリアキソン(CRO)誘導性)の損傷から腸内ミクロビオームを保護する能力を検討するため、上記の実験で得たブタ糞便試料をさらにゲノム解析に供した。具体的には、16S rRNA遺伝子V1V2領域のシーケンシングを実施した。さらに、糞便中DNAを全ゲノムショットガンシーケンシングに供した。ショットガンシーケンシングは、1試料当たり約1000万〜2000万のリードを得る目的で100bpの単一リードを標的とし、Illumina HiSeq RAPID RUNを用いて実施した(表6)。
P3A(すなわち、SYN−004)の経口投与が抗生物質の全身レベルに影響を及ぼすかどうかを明らかにするため、ブタを用いた試験をまた別に実施した。この試験では、約2か月齢、体重約20kgのヨークシャー種10個体を50mg/kgの静脈内セフトリアキソン(CRO)で1日1回、7日間治療した。5個体にはこのほか、P3Aカプセルの投与(1つ当たりP3Aを75mg含有するカプセルを1日4回)をCRO治療の前日から開始しCRO治療後1日まで計9日間実施した。具体的には、実施例1および2に記載したP3A放出遅延カプセルを子ブタに投与した。第2日、CRO投与から1時間後、6時間後および19時間後の3つの時点で子ブタに麻酔をかけ、大静脈から血液約9mlを採取した。血液を直ちに血清分離用バキュテナーチューブに入れた。凝固後、試料を遠心分離し、血清をクライオバイアルに移し、分析まで−80℃で保管した。妥当性が確認された高速液体クロマトグラフィーアッセイ(Owensら,2001,Int.J.Antimicrobials,17:483)を用いて、血清試料中のCROを定量化した。陰性対照(未治療)ブタ血清でCROの標準曲線を作成し、0.5〜50μg/mLの範囲の6点を含めた。アッセイは、0.5〜50μg/mLの範囲にわたって直線状であった。図22に示されるように、1時間後の時点では、CRO血清レベルは、CRO単独治療群が79.43±12.08μg/mL、CRO+P3A治療群が76.28±15.83μg/mLであった。6時間後、CRO血清レベルは、CRO単独治療群が5.83±1.15μg/mL、CRO+P3A治療群が3.76±1.01μg/mLであった(図22)。以上のデータから、P3Aは治療個体のピークCROレベルに全く影響を及ぼすことはなく、6時間後の時点のレベルに影響を及ぼしたとしてもわずかであったことがわかる。CRO治療から19時間後に採取した血清試料はアッセイの検出限界(0.5μg/mL)未満であった。以上のデータから、P3Aの経口送達はブタの血清中CROレベルにほとんどないし全く影響を及ぼさなかったことがわかり、P3Aは全身性に吸収されなかったほか、抗生物質の効果に干渉することはないことが示唆される。
P3Aの薬物充填量を増大させ、かつ/またはP3Aペレットを充填したカプセルのサイズを小さくするため、製剤200mgを含む0号または1号P3Aカプセルを製造する。具体的には、P3Aとラテックスまたはその他のポリマーとを混合した後、スクロースコアを使用せずに微粒子状のマイクロカプセル化酵素製剤にする。任意選択で、マイクロスフェアをpH依存性腸溶コーティングで覆う。
本明細書で使用される「a」、「an」または「the」は、1つまたは2つ以上を意味し得る。
ここまで、本発明をその特定の実施形態と関連させて記載してきたが、さらなる修正が可能であり、本願が、概ね本発明の原則に従うほか、本発明が属する技術分野の範囲内の既知の実践または慣行に含まれ、既に記載した基本的な特徴に該当すると思われ、添付の「特許請求の範囲」の範囲内に収まる本開示からの逸脱を含めた、本発明の任意の変形、使用または適応を包含することが意図されることが理解されよう。
本明細書で参照される特許および刊行物はいずれも、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
Hasan NA,Young BA,Minard−Smith AT,Saeed K,Li H,Heizer EM,McMIllan MJ,Isom R,Abdullah,AS,Bornman DM,Faith SA,Choi SA,Dickens ML,Cebula TA,Colwell RR.(2014).Microbial community profiling of human saliva using shotgun metagenomics sequencing.PLoS ONE 9(5):e97699.Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097699.
Claims (15)
- ベータラクタマーゼを含む放出調節製剤であって、少なくとも1つの放出調節ペレットを含み、
各放出調節ペレットが、
約10〜20重量%のベータラクタマーゼと、
約20〜30重量%のスクロース球状体と、
約30〜40重量%のヒドロキシプロピルセルロースと、
約15〜25重量%の腸溶性ポリマーと、
約1.5〜2.5重量%のクエン酸トリエチルと、
約0.5〜1.5重量%のモノステアリン酸グリセリルと、
約0.1〜1.0重量%のポリソルベート−80と、
約1〜2重量%の緩衝塩と、
を含み、
前記ベータラクタマーゼが、配列番号1と少なくとも95%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含み、Amblerの位置276にアスパラギンを含む、
放出調節製剤。 - 各放出調節ペレットが、
約16重量%のベータラクタマーゼと、
約23重量%のスクロース球状体と、
約35重量%のヒドロキシプロピルセルロースと、
約21重量%の腸溶性ポリマーと、
約2重量%のクエン酸トリエチルと、
約1重量%のモノステアリン酸グリセリルと、
約0.5重量%のポリソルベート−80と、
約2重量%の緩衝塩と、
を含む、請求項1に記載の放出調節製剤。 - 各放出調節ペレットが、
約15.8重量%のベータラクタマーゼと、
約23.3重量%のスクロース球状体と、
約35重量%のヒドロキシプロピルセルロースと、
約20.8重量%の腸溶性ポリマーと、
約2.1重量%のクエン酸トリエチルと、
約1重量%のモノステアリン酸グリセリルと、
約0.4重量%のポリソルベート−80と、
約1.6重量%の緩衝塩と、
を含む、請求項1に記載の放出調節製剤。 - 前記ベータラクタマーゼが、配列番号1と少なくとも98%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含み、Amblerの位置276にアスパラギンを含む、請求項1に記載の放出調節製剤。
- 前記ベータラクタマーゼが、実質的にGI管で放出される、請求項1に記載の放出調節製剤。
- 前記ベータラクタマーゼが、実質的に腸で放出される、請求項5に記載の放出調節製剤。
- カプセルの形態である、請求項1に記載の放出調節製剤。
- 各放出調節ペレットが、コア粒子と、前記コア粒子を覆うベースコートと、を含み、前記ベースコートが前記ベータラクタマーゼを含む、請求項1に記載の放出調節製剤。
- 複数の放出調節ペレットを含む、請求項1に記載の放出調節製剤。
- 胃液中で実質的に安定な放出調節コーティングをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の放出調節製剤。
- pH依存性の溶解性を有する放出調節コーティングをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の放出調節製剤。
- 前記放出調節コーティングがポリ(メタクリル酸、メチルメタクリル酸)化合物を含む、請求項11に記載の放出調節製剤。
- 対象においてGI管における抗生物質誘導性有害作用、C.ディフィシル(C.difficile)感染症(CDI)および/またはC.ディフィシル関連疾患を治療または予防するのに使用するための医薬組成物であって、請求項1に記載の放出調節製剤を含む、医薬組成物。
- 前記抗生物質誘導性有害作用および/または前記CDIもしくはC.ディフィシル関連疾患が、抗生物質関連下痢、C.ディフィシル下痢症(CDD)、C.ディフィシル腸炎症性疾患、大腸炎、偽膜性大腸炎、発熱、腹痛、脱水症および電解質障害のうちの1つ以上である、請求項13に記載の医薬組成物。
- 実質的なセフトリアキソン加水分解活性を有するベータラクタマーゼを含む放出調節製剤であって、少なくとも1つの放出調節ペレットを含み、
各ペレットが、
約16重量%のベータラクタマーゼと、
約23重量%のスクロース球状体と、
約35重量%のヒドロキシプロピルセルロースと、
約21重量%の腸溶性ポリマーと、
約2重量%のクエン酸トリエチルと、
約1重量%のモノステアリン酸グリセリルと、
約0.5重量%のポリソルベート−80と、
約2重量%の緩衝塩と、
を含み、
前記ベータラクタマーゼが、配列番号1と少なくとも98%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含み、Amblerの位置276にアスパラギンを含む、
放出調節製剤。
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