JP6655736B2 - 呼吸器合胞体ウイルスワクチン - Google Patents
呼吸器合胞体ウイルスワクチン Download PDFInfo
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- JP6655736B2 JP6655736B2 JP2018560702A JP2018560702A JP6655736B2 JP 6655736 B2 JP6655736 B2 JP 6655736B2 JP 2018560702 A JP2018560702 A JP 2018560702A JP 2018560702 A JP2018560702 A JP 2018560702A JP 6655736 B2 JP6655736 B2 JP 6655736B2
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- flagellin
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Description
VLPとして発現するF又はGタンパク質は、RSVチャレンジ時にマウスを保護できるが、VLP Gワクチンは、単独で使用した場合に病状を悪化させる。1つの興味深い結果は、説得力のある説明が提供されていないにもかかわらず、混合VLP F+VLP Gがワクチン誘導免疫病理を有しないことであった(Lee S., et al. 2014)。
アルミニウムアジュバントを含有するFI−RSVワクチンは、アジュバントを有しないFI−RSVと比較してRSVに対する防御を高めるものの、体重減少、好酸球増加症、及び肺組織病理を含む重篤なワクチン強化RSV疾患を引き起こした(Kim KH, et al. 2015)。
ウシ呼吸器合胞体ウイルス(BRSV)は、ウシ呼吸器疾患症候群のキープレーヤであり、工業化された肉牛の生産において最も重要な経済問題及び顕著な福祉問題の1つである。BRSVゲノムは、RSVゲノムに非常に類似している(Hagglund S., et al. 2014)。
Hep−2細胞でRSV A2株を増幅し、超音波処理した後、1000g、4℃で10分間遠心分離した。上澄みを取り出し、80000g、4℃で2時間超遠心分離してウイルスを精製した。精製したウイルスをプラークアッセイによってその力価を測定し、チャレンジのために保存した。
精製したRSV A2ウイルスの懸濁液に1:4000の比率で中性ホルマリンを加え、37oCで回転させながら3日間インキュベートした後、30000rpmで30分間遠心分離した。ペレットを元の体積の1/25になるように再懸濁した。その後、FI−RSVをアルミニウムアジュバント(4mg/ml)と混合し、室温で24時間インキュベートした。
図1を参照すると、Hisタグを有する組換えPタンパク質の配列(配列番号5がヌクレオチド配列であり、配列番号6がアミノ酸配列である)、組換えフラジェリンKFD1の配列(配列番号7がヌクレオチド配列であり、配列番号8がアミノ酸配列である)、及び組換えP−KFD1の配列(配列番号9がヌクレオチド配列であり、配列番号10がアミノ酸配列である)が示される。プライマー(配列番号11〜16)を用いて、DNA断片をpET28aベクターにクローニングし、得られたpET28a−P、pET28a−KFD1及びpET28a−P−KFD1発現プラスミドを常法に従って細菌に形質転換した。発現したすべての組換えタンパク質をウェスタンブロット法により検証し(図2(b))、それらのHisタグを用いて精製した。使用前にエンドトキシンを除去した。
図3を参照すると、免疫及び操作のシーケンス図が示される。(a)〜(d)のBALB/cマウス群(n=18)を0、25、又は50日目にそれぞれ3回免疫化した。(a)10μlの生理食塩水、鼻腔内投与(i.n);(c)10μlのPタンパク質(40ug)と2ulのCTBアジュバント(2ug、Sigma)との混合液、鼻腔内投与(i.n);(d)12uLのP−KFD1タンパク質(24ug)、鼻腔内投与(i.n)。(b)群について、42日目に最初に免疫し、2週間後に、2μgのFI−RSV及び400μgのアルミニウムアジュバントを含有する100μlのFI−RSVワクチンを筋肉注射(i.m)によって追加免疫した。21日目、39日目又は64日目に採血し、血清における抗体力価を測定した。
最後の免疫後25日目にチャレンジを行った。すべてのマウスをAvertin(tert−アミルアルコールに溶解したトリブロモエタノール)で麻酔した後、1×107のPFU RSV A2を50μlの体積で鼻腔内投与してチャレンジを行った。免疫及びチャレンジの抗原及び条件を表1にまとめた。
チャレンジ後4日目に、マウスを屠殺し、鼻及び肺組織を摘出し、ホモジナイザーで粉砕した。Vero細胞を24ウェルプレートに接種し、100%コンフルエンスまで成長したときに、希釈した粉砕液サンプルを加え、37℃で1時間インキュベートした。3回洗浄した後、2%FBSと1%P+Sと0.75%メチルセルロースとを含む1mLのDMEM培地を加え、インキュベーターで4〜5日間インキュベートした。その後、ウェルにおける培地を穏やかに捨て、パラホルムアルデヒド及びTrion X−100でウェルを20分間固定した。ウェルにPタンパク質特異的モノクローナル抗体を加えて2時間インキュベートした後、Goat Anti−mouse IgG−HRPを加えて1時間インキュベートした。最後にAEC基質で発色させ、プラークを計数した。
血清を不活性化した後、順次2倍連続希釈した。希釈した血清サンプル(100μl)を200 PFU RSV A2(100μl)とともに37℃で1時間インキュベートした後、Vero細胞単層に添加した。1時間付着させた後、3日間インキュベートし、上記のように免疫プラークアッセイによってウイルス力価を測定した。血清中和抗体力価は、プラークが半分に減少するときの血清希釈倍率、即ち50%プラーク減少中和力価(plaque reduction neutralization titer、PRNT)として表される。
チャレンジ後4日目に、ペントバルビタールナトリウムでマウスを麻酔し、手術用ハサミでマウスの頸部皮膚を切開し、気管を取り除いた。マウスに対して気管挿管を行い、気管挿管の他端を人工呼吸器に接続し、呼吸比を1.5:1に設定し、呼吸器の受動呼吸頻度を90回/分間に設定した。
マウスをペントバルビタールナトリウムで麻酔してから解剖し、心臓を右心房から5mLのPBSで灌流した。肺組織を分離して1〜2mm2に切断し、2mLの消化液で37℃、40分間消化した。消化液の組成は、Collagenase I(125U/mL)及びDNase I(30U/mL)を含有するHBSS培地である。消化した肺組織を軽く粉砕した後、濾過して単個細胞浮遊液を得た。その後、percoll分離溶液で分離することにより、リンパ球及び単核細胞を得た。
肺における各種の細胞浸潤を検出するために、特異的モノクローナル抗体、すなわち、FITC Anti−Mouse F4/80、PE−Cy7 Anti−Mouse Gr−1、APC−EF780 Anti−Mouse CD11b、APC Anti−Mouse CD45、PE Anti−Mouse Siglec Fによって表面染色を行い、4℃で30分間染色してから固定した。
チャレンジ後4日目に、肺及び脾臓を摘出し、リンパ球を分離した。プレコートしたIFN−γ ELISPOTプレートを活性化した後、それに肺リンパ球及び脾臓リンパ球をそれぞれ接種し、Pタンパク質によって刺激した。陽性対照及び陰性対照を設置した。そして、プレートをインキュベーターにおいて48時間インキュベートした後、二次抗体をインキュベートし、AEC基質で発色させ、多機能細胞分析及び酵素結合スポット分析システムによってプラークを計算した。
肺組織をホルマリンで固定した。固定後、標準手順に従って組織切片を用意した。いくつかの切片をhematoxylin eosin(H & E)で染色して細胞浸潤を確定した。
図4を参照すると、P+CTB又はP−KFD1免疫群からの血清及び膣サンプルにおけるP−特異的IgG及びIgA抗体力価が示される。P+CTB免疫群は、P−KFD1よりも高い力価を示したことは明らかである。
2.Delgado MF1, Coviello S, Monsalvo AC, Melendi GA, Hernandez JZ, Batalle JP, Diaz L, Trento A, Chang HY, Mitzner W, Ravetch J, Melero JA, Irusta PM, Polack FP.Lack of antibody affinity maturation due to poor Toll-like receptor stimulation leads to enhanced respiratory syncytial virus disease. Nat Med. 2009 Jan;15(1):34-41.
3.Green CA, Scarselli E, Sande CJ, Thompson AJ, de Lara CM, Taylor KS, Haworth K, Del Sorbo M, Angus B, Siani L, Di Marco S, Traboni C, Folgori A, Colloca S, Capone S, Vitelli A, Cortese R, Klenerman P, Nicosia A, Pollard AJ. Chimpanzee adenovirus- and MVA-vectored respiratory syncytial virus vaccine is safe and immunogenic in adults. Sci Transl Med. 7:300ra126 (2015)
4.Groothuis JR, King SJ, Hogerman DA, Paradiso PR, Simoes EA. Safety and immunogenicity of a
purified f protein respiratory syncytial virus (pfp-2) vaccine in seropositive children with
bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The Journal of infectious diseases. 1998; 177(2):467-469.
5.Hagglund S, Hu K, Blodorn K, Makabi-Panzu B, Gaillard AL, Ellencrona K, Chevret D, Hellman L, Bengtsson KL, Riffault S, Taylor G, Valarcher JF, Eleouet JF. Characterization of an experimental vaccine for bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 21: 997-1004 (2014).
6.Kim K.H., Lee Y.T., Hwang H.S., Kwon Y.M., Jung Y.J., Lee Y., Lee J.S., Lee Y.N., Park S., Kang S.M. Alum adjuvant enhances protection against respiratory syncytial virus but exacerbates pulmonary inflammation by modulating multiple innate and adaptive immune cells. PLOS ONE. 10: e0139916 (2015).
7.Lee S, Quan FS, Kwon Y, Sakamoto K, Kang SM, Compans RW, Moore ML. Additive protection induced by mixed virus-like particles presenting respiratory syncytial virus fusion or attachment glycoproteins. Antiviral Res. 2014 Nov;111:129-35.
8.Schepens B1, Sedeyn K2, Vande Ginste L2, De Baets S2, Schotsaert M2, Roose K2, Houspie L3, Van Ranst M3, Gilbert B4, van Rooijen N5, Fiers W2, Piedra P6, Saelens X1.Protection and mechanism of action of a novel human respiratory syncytial virus vaccine candidate based on the extracellular domain of small hydrophobic protein. EMBO Mol Med. 2014 Oct 8;6(11):1436-54.
9.Yang K. and S.M. Varga. Mucosal vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus. Curr Opin Virol. 6:78-84 (2014).
Claims (10)
- 呼吸器合胞体ウイルス(RSV)ワクチンであって、
組換え融合タンパク質抗原を含み、
前記組換え融合タンパク質抗原は、配列番号4によって表されるポリペプチド、又は配列番号4によって表されるポリペプチドと少なくとも90%の同一性を有するポリペプチドであるリンタンパク質(P)部分と、配列番号8によって表されるポリペプチドと少なくとも90%の同一性を有し、かつ、Pタンパク質特異的T細胞の免疫応答の誘導、及び/又は関連する免疫保護の機能を有するポリペプチドであるフラジェリン部分とを含み、
前記P部分と前記フラジェリン部分とは、共有結合して直鎖状ポリペプチドを形成する、
ことを特徴とする、RSVワクチン。 - 前記P部分は、配列番号4によって表されるポリペプチドと少なくとも98%の同一性を有するポリペプチドであり、
前記フラジェリン部分は、配列番号8によって表されるポリペプチドと少なくとも98%の同一性を有するポリペプチドである、
ことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のRSVワクチン。 - 前記P部分は、配列番号4によって表されるポリペプチドと少なくとも99%の同一性を有するポリペプチドであり、
前記フラジェリン部分は、配列番号8によって表されるポリペプチドと少なくとも99%の同一性を有するポリペプチドである、
ことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のRSVワクチン。 - 前記フラジェリン部分は、配列番号8によって表されるポリペプチドである、
ことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のRSVワクチン。 - 前記組換え融合タンパク質抗原は、前記P部分と前記フラジェリン部分とを結合する第1のリンカーをさらに含み、
前記第1のリンカーは、アミノ酸、又は2〜15個のアミノ酸を含有するポリペプチドである、
ことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のRSVワクチン。 - 前記組換え融合タンパク質抗原は、前記組換え融合タンパク質抗原の精製を促進するための精製タグをさらに含み、
前記精製タグは、組換え融合タンパク質抗原のN−末端又はC−末端のいずれかに配置される、
ことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のRSVワクチン。 - 前記精製タグは、6個のヒスチジン残基からなる、
ことを特徴とする、請求項6に記載のRSVワクチン。 - 前記組換え融合タンパク質抗原は、前記精製タグと前記P部分又は前記フラジェリン部分とを直鎖状に結合する第2のリンカーをさらに含む、
ことを特徴とする、請求項6に記載のRSVワクチン。 - 前記第2のリンカーは、アミノ酸又はアミノ酸配列からなり、そのC−末端で化学的又は酵素的に切断され得る切断可能なリンカーである、
ことを特徴とする、請求項8に記載のRSVワクチン。 - 前記組換え融合タンパク質抗原は、配列番号10によって表される、
ことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のRSVワクチン。
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