JP6514694B2 - Battery system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a battery system, and more particularly to a technology effectively applied to a system for monitoring and controlling a plurality of batteries by a wireless signal.

  For example, Patent Document 1 discloses an assembled battery system in which a plurality of battery cells are connected in series and battery information of each battery cell is transmitted to a management device by a wireless signal. Further, Patent Document 2 discloses a wireless communication apparatus that performs each means of communication data acquisition, communication quality measurement, communication quality data acquisition, and frequency channel switching, and changes the hopping frequency based on the acquired communication quality data. There is.

Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2010-142083 JP, 2013-187762, A

  In the battery assembly system described in Patent Document 1, wireless communication is performed in a space surrounded by battery cells that are metal casings and conductors. In such a communication environment, radio waves are reflected by the casing or the battery cell, and the antenna receives a composite wave of many reflected waves. Therefore, the intensity of the composite wave received depending on the position of the antenna and the frequency channel changes significantly.

  In general, the metal casing is provided with an opening for passing a cable for cooling the battery cell and for extracting electric power from the battery cell. Therefore, the composite wave received by the antenna includes not only the reflected wave in the metal housing but also the reflected wave outside the metal housing. The reflected wave outside the metal case changes according to the environment where the battery pack system is installed, and for example, it changes when a person passes, the equipment is operated, or the equipment installed is increased or decreased. .

  Thus, the strength of the signal received by the antenna changes with the change of the communication environment. For example, if the received signal strength decreases, the battery pack system may not be able to collect battery information of battery cells.

  Also, if there are other wireless systems using the same frequency band or devices nearby that emit radio waves in the same frequency band, the radio waves emitted by them will be disturbance waves for the battery assembly system. For example, if the wireless communication of the battery assembly system and these disturbance waves occur at the same timing, the battery assembly system may not be able to collect battery information of the battery cells.

  In a battery system, it is important to simultaneously measure battery information of all battery cells. The battery system is used, for example, in electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, smoothing of natural energy generation, etc., and devices discharged from each battery cell to the device connected to the outside, conversely, devices connected to the outside To charge each battery cell. Such changing charge and discharge states of the battery cell are monitored, and control is made so that the charge state, voltage and temperature of the battery cell fall within an appropriate range, and variations in charge state, voltage and temperature of each battery cell Control to be in an appropriate range. The voltage of the battery cell largely changes depending on the charge and discharge current value. In order to grasp the variation in voltage of each battery cell, the charge / discharge current value of each battery cell must be sufficiently equal. Since the charge and discharge current constantly changes depending on the state of the externally connected device, the measurement timings of all battery cells must have sufficient simultaneousness.

  In the battery system, it is also important to collect all battery information of all battery cells, as well as measuring battery information of all battery cells simultaneously. If the battery information of some battery cells is missing, it is impossible to grasp the variation of all battery cells.

  Since patent document 1 is not considered about a reflected wave or a disturbance wave, depending on communication environment, it will become impossible to measure all the battery cells simultaneously, and it will become impossible to collect battery information on all the battery cells.

  In the wireless communication device described in Patent Document 2, a period for measuring communication quality is provided to suppress deterioration of communication quality. However, when this technology is applied to a battery system, the following three main problems occur.

  The first is that battery information of battery cells can not be acquired in a period for measuring and handling communication quality. During this period, the monitoring control instruction of the battery cell can not be transmitted from the master management device to the slave management device provided in each battery cell. Similarly, the monitoring control result (battery information) of each battery cell can not be transmitted from the slave management device to the master management device. Also, by providing a period for measuring communication quality, if the monitoring control period of the battery cell becomes long, the charging / discharging state of the changing battery cell can not be sufficiently monitored, and the charging state, voltage, temperature, etc. of the battery cell Control accuracy may be reduced.

  The second is that unreliable wireless communication is performed until it detects that the communication quality has deteriorated and recovers the communication quality. Since the communication quality is determined statistically, such as the communication success rate, a long period is required to measure. For example, it is assumed that a period for measuring communication quality is provided sufficiently long, and communication quality is determined in one period. Then, the monitoring control period of the battery cell becomes long, and it becomes impossible to sufficiently monitor the changing charge and discharge state of the battery cell. In order to avoid this, it is assumed that one communication quality measurement period is shortened, and communication quality is detected in a plurality of periods. Then, after the communication quality is deteriorated due to the reflected wave or the disturbance wave, low-reliability wireless communication is performed using the frequency channel whose communication quality is deteriorated until it is detected. As a result, all or some of the slave management devices fail to receive the monitoring and control instructions of the battery cells, and the master management device fails to receive the monitoring and control results of all or some of the battery cells.

  The third problem is that, if reflected waves or disturbance waves are generated periodically and communication quality deteriorates at a specific timing, this may not be detected. The communication period of the monitoring control instruction of the battery cell or the monitoring control result and the period for measuring the communication quality are different. For example, when there is a wireless communication system that periodically performs wireless communication, the communication period of the wireless communication system overlaps with the communication period of the battery system, but does not overlap with the period for measuring the communication quality of the battery system. It may be. In such a case, deterioration in communication quality can not be detected, and wireless communication with low reliability is continued. As a result, all or some of the slave management devices fail to receive the monitoring and control instructions of the battery cells, and the master management device fails to receive the monitoring and control results of all or some of the battery cells.

  Any of the above three problems is a phenomenon that all or some of the slave management devices can not receive the monitoring control instruction of the battery cell and that the master management device can not receive the monitoring control result of all or some of the battery cells The phenomenon is a problem. In wireless communication, there is a general method of confirming whether or not transmitted data has arrived, and retransmitting data if it has not. However, when this method is used for a battery system, the following problems occur with respect to simultaneously measuring battery information of all battery cells and collecting battery information of all battery cells.

  When transmission, delivery confirmation and retransmission of monitoring and control instructions are individually sent to all slave management devices, the monitoring and control timing of the battery cells changes for each slave management device, and battery information of all battery cells is simultaneously measured. It will not be possible. Also, in a general wireless communication system, the environment of reflected waves constantly and rapidly changes, but in a battery system covered by a metal case, it may change gradually. In that case, the probability of successful communication remains low even if retransmission is repeated on the same frequency channel.

  Similarly, with regard to the monitoring control results transmitted by all slave management devices, the probability of successful communication remains low even if retransmission is repeated on the same frequency channel. If a large number of slave management devices repeat retransmission with a low communication success rate, the time required for communication becomes enormous. Alternatively, if sufficient communication required time can not be provided, the probability of collecting battery information of all battery cells is significantly reduced.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a battery system that monitors and controls a plurality of batteries by wireless signals with high reliability.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned subject, composition of a claim is adopted, for example.

The present application includes a plurality of means for solving the above-mentioned problems, and an example of the battery system of the present invention is a battery system provided with a plurality of battery modules and a master management device for monitoring and controlling the battery modules. The battery module includes one or more batteries, and a slave management device that monitors and controls the battery and performs wireless communication with the master management device, and the master management device and the slave management device are predetermined at predetermined timings. The wireless communication is performed using a frequency channel, and the master management device transmits a monitoring control instruction signal including at least the monitoring control content of the battery and information on the monitoring control timing to the slave management devices of the plurality of battery modules multiple times. Transmit on different frequency channels, and the slave Where transmitted using a channel, each of said monitor control instruction signal, information relating to the monitoring control timing, the information on the time difference between the timing to start the monitoring and control contents of the battery and the communication timing of the monitoring control instruction signal The respective slave management devices start monitoring control of the cells substantially simultaneously with respect to the respective cells based on the information of the monitoring control instruction signal. is there.

  The purpose of starting monitoring and control of the battery substantially simultaneously is, for example, grasping the variation of all battery voltages and discharging high voltage batteries individually in the battery module so that the variation is within an appropriate range. To perform control. When the battery system is discharged to an externally connected device or charged from an externally connected device, the charge / discharge current value of the battery system changes in accordance with the state of the externally connected device. The state of the externally connected device changes with time, for example, as in the running state of the electric vehicle. That is, the charge / discharge current value of the battery system changes with time. On the other hand, the battery voltage largely changes depending on the charge / discharge current value. Therefore, in order to grasp the variation of the whole battery voltage, it is necessary to measure the battery voltage at the same charge / discharge current value. Therefore, if the total battery voltage is measured substantially simultaneously, the battery voltage can be measured at the same charge / discharge current value.

In addition, another example of the electronic system of the present invention is a battery system including a plurality of battery modules and a master management device that monitors and controls the battery modules, wherein the battery module includes one or more battery modules. A slave management device for monitoring and controlling the battery and performing wireless communication with the master management device; the master management device and the slave management device communicate wirelessly at a predetermined timing using a predetermined frequency channel; The management device transmits a monitoring control instruction signal including at least the monitoring control content of the battery and information on the monitoring control timing to the slave management devices of the plurality of battery modules multiple times using different frequency channels , multiple times to the slave management device, where the transmission using different frequency channels, the superintendent The control instruction signal is a signal including information on a time difference between the communication timing of the monitoring control instruction signal and the timing of starting the monitoring control of the battery, and the respective slave management devices are Based on the information of the monitoring control instruction signal, the monitoring control of the battery is started substantially simultaneously, and each of the slave management devices generates a monitoring control result signal including at least information about a monitoring control result of the state of the battery. Transmitting a plurality of times to the master management apparatus using different frequency channels.

  According to the present invention, a plurality of batteries can be monitored and controlled with high reliability by wireless signals.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a battery system according to a first embodiment. FIG. 1 is a view showing a configuration example of a battery system according to a first embodiment. FIG. 7 is a communication sequence diagram for explaining an operation example of the battery system according to the first embodiment. 7 is a table for explaining an operation example of the battery system according to the first embodiment. FIG. 7 is a communication sequence diagram for explaining an operation example of the battery system according to the first embodiment. FIG. 7 is a communication sequence diagram for explaining an operation example of the battery system according to the first embodiment. 5 is a flowchart for explaining an operation example of the battery system according to the first embodiment. 5 is a flowchart for explaining an operation example of the battery system according to the first embodiment. 5 is a flowchart for explaining an operation example of the battery system according to the first embodiment. FIG. 7 is a communication sequence diagram for explaining an operation example of the battery system according to the first embodiment. FIG. 7 is a communication sequence diagram for explaining an operation example of the battery system according to the first embodiment. 7 is a table for explaining an operation example of the battery system according to the first embodiment. 5 is a flowchart for explaining an operation example of the battery system according to the first embodiment. 7 is a table for explaining an operation example of the battery system according to the first embodiment. 5 is a flowchart for explaining an operation example of the battery system according to the first embodiment. FIG. 7 is a communication sequence diagram for explaining an operation example of the battery system according to the first embodiment. FIG. 7 is a communication sequence diagram for explaining an operation example of the battery system according to the first embodiment. FIG. 7 is a communication sequence diagram for explaining an operation example of a battery system according to a second embodiment. FIG. 7 is a communication sequence diagram for explaining an operation example of a battery system according to a second embodiment. FIG. 7 is a communication sequence diagram for explaining an operation example of a battery system according to a second embodiment. FIG. 13 is a communication sequence diagram for explaining an operation example of a battery system according to a third embodiment. FIG. 13 is a communication sequence diagram for explaining an operation example of a battery system according to a third embodiment. FIG. 13 is a communication sequence diagram for explaining an operation example of a battery system according to a third embodiment. FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing an example of configuration of a battery system according to a fourth embodiment. FIG. 18 is a communication sequence diagram for explaining an operation example of the battery system according to the fourth embodiment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described based on the drawings. In each of the drawings for describing the embodiments, elements having the same functions are denoted by the same names and reference numerals, and the repetitive description thereof will be omitted.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a battery system that monitors and controls a plurality of batteries of the first embodiment. The battery system 1 includes a master management device 2 and a plurality of battery modules 3. The battery module 3 includes a slave management device 4 and a battery cell 5. The number of battery cells 5 may be one or more. The battery module 3 connects the battery cells 5 in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel connection. Further, the battery modules 3 are also connected in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel connection.

  The slave management device 4 includes a battery cell monitoring control unit 6, a control unit 7, a wireless communication unit 8, an antenna 9, a timer 10, and a recording unit 11. The battery cell monitoring control unit 6 monitors the voltage, temperature, and the like of the battery cells 5 and conducts discharge paths connected in parallel to the battery cells 5 in order to eliminate variations among the battery cells 5. Discharge it. The battery cell monitoring control unit 6 may monitor the internal resistance value, the remaining charge amount, the charge / discharge current, the ID, the presence or absence of a defect, the degree of deterioration, etc. of the battery cell 5. Also, all of these monitoring control may be performed in the same cycle, or the cycle may be changed according to the content. Alternatively, it may be performed when a specific condition occurs.

  The wireless communication unit 8 wirelessly communicates with the master management device 2 via the antenna 9 to receive the monitoring control instruction signal S 1 of the battery cell 5 or transmits the monitoring control result signal S 2 of the battery cell 5. The supervisory control instruction signal S1 includes, in addition to the measurement content and measurement timing of each battery cell 5, the information on the wireless communication timing of each slave management device 4 and the frequency channel used for wireless communication. The monitoring control result signal S2 includes the measurement result of each battery cell 5 and information on the reception state of the monitoring control instruction signal S1.

  The received information of the monitoring control instruction signal S1 is transmitted to the control unit 7, and the battery cell monitoring control unit 6 monitors and controls the battery cell 5. The measurement timing and the wireless communication timing are managed by the control unit 7 using the timer 10, and the control unit 7 manages the information of the measurement content, the frequency channel used for wireless communication, and the monitoring control result using the recording unit 11.

  The master management device 2 includes a control unit 12, a wireless communication unit 13, an antenna 14, a timer 15, and a recording unit 16. The wireless communication unit 13 wirelessly communicates with all slave management devices 4 via the antenna 14 to transmit the monitoring control instruction signal S 1 of the battery cell 5 or to receive the monitoring control result signal S 2 of the battery cell 5. Information of the received supervisory control result signal S2 is transmitted to the control unit 12, and the control unit 12 manages the state of all the battery cells 5 and the communication quality with all the slave management devices 4. The measurement timing and the wireless communication timing are managed by the control unit 12 using the timer 15, and the measurement content, the measurement result, and the reception state of the monitoring control instruction signal S1 are managed by the recording unit 16. In addition, the control unit 12 also acquires information on the reception state of the monitoring control result signal S2 from the wireless communication unit 13 and manages the information using the recording unit 16.

  The control unit 12 manages communication quality with each slave management device 4 for each frequency channel used for communication based on the information on the reception state of the monitoring control instruction signal S1 and the measurement result signal S2. Then, in order to maintain the communication quality with all the slave management devices 4 at a predetermined value or more, the wireless communication timing included in the monitoring control instruction signal S1 and the information of the frequency channel used for wireless communication are updated as needed; It is transmitted to all slave management devices 3 via the wireless communication unit 13.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a battery system. The battery system 1 is covered by a housing, in which the master management device 2 and the battery module 3 are disposed. The battery module 3 is a module in which one slave management device 4 is combined with one or more battery cells 5. If the master management device 2 and the battery module 3 are disposed in a wireless communication manner, the master management device 2 and the battery module 3 can be freely disposed according to the wiring such as connecting the electrodes of the respective battery cells 5 or the charge / discharge interface with an external device. be able to.

  FIG. 3 is a communication sequence diagram for explaining an operation example of the battery system. The master management device 2 broadcasts the monitoring control instruction signal S1 to all slave management devices 4, and each slave management device 4 performs battery cell measurement 17 based on the received monitoring control instruction signal S1, and thereafter, the monitoring control result The signal S2 is unicast transmitted to the master management device 2, and the master management device 2 implements the communication quality management 18 based on the received monitoring control result signal S2. It is an operation example which repeats measurement of a battery cell, and management of communication quality repeating this series of operation as 1 cycle.

  The master management device 2 transmits supervisory control instruction signals S1a and S1b using communication timing and frequency channel set in advance. Each slave management device 4 stands by for reception using the communication timing and frequency channel set in advance, and receives the supervisory control instruction signals S1a and S1b. The supervisory control instruction signal S1a is transmitted using the frequency channel ch1 and the supervisory control instruction signal S1b is transmitted using the frequency channel ch2. The supervisory control instruction signals S1a and S1b are signals for instructing the same measurement content and measurement timing, wireless communication timing, and frequency channel. Therefore, if each slave management device 4 can receive at least one monitoring control instruction signal S1, it can acquire the measurement content, the measurement timing, the wireless communication timing, and the instruction of the frequency channel. Thus, by transmitting the monitoring control instruction signal S1 a plurality of times using different frequency channels, highly reliable wireless communication can be continued even when the communication quality is deteriorated due to a reflected wave or an interference wave. . For example, when the communication quality is deteriorated due to disturbance waves on the frequency channel ch1, the possibility of failure to receive the monitor control instruction signal S1a is high, but the possibility of failure to receive the monitor control instruction signal S1b remains low. The monitor control instruction can be reliably transmitted to the slave management device 4.

  The slave management device 4 performs battery cell measurement 17 based on the measurement content and measurement timing obtained by receiving the monitoring control instruction signals S1a and S1b. The execution timing of the battery cell measurement 17 is preferably instructed not by designation of the time but by time differences T1 and T2 from the monitoring control instruction signals S1a and S1b. The slave management devices 4 each include a reference clock signal such as a crystal oscillator, and count the timer 10 or operate the control unit 7. However, the reference clock signals of the slave management devices 4 are slightly different in frequency from each other. In the case of a crystal oscillator, a frequency difference of about 100 ppm occurs. In this case, assuming that the time of each slave management device 4 is synchronized at a certain time, an error of 0.1 ms occurs after one second. In applications where the charge / discharge state changes drastically, the measurement timing error is required to be a sufficiently smaller value. In order to realize this, it is necessary to frequently synchronize the time of each slave management device 4, and wireless communication is often required to achieve synchronization. On the other hand, time differences T1 and T2 between monitor control instruction signals S1a and S1b and battery cell measurement 17 are several milliseconds. The error of time generated between the slave management devices 4 during this time is several hundreds nanoseconds. Since the distance between the master management device 2 and each slave management device 4 is several tens of centimeters to several tens of meters, the propagation time is about 1 nanosecond to one hundred nanoseconds from the propagation speed of radio waves (the propagation speed of light). is there. Therefore, if the measurement timing is indicated by the time differences T1 and T2 between the monitoring control instruction signals S1a and S1b and the battery cell measurement 17, high synchronization can be obtained.

  Further, when the slave management device 4 receives both of the monitoring control instruction signals S1a and S1b, the slave management device 4 has acquired two pieces of information of T1 and T2 regarding the timing of the battery cell measurement 17. In this case, the battery cell measurement 17 may be performed using the information of T2. Because T2 is shorter than T1, the time error generated during that time is also shorter.

  Also, the slave management device 4 measures the reception timing difference between the supervisory control instruction signals S1a and S1b, detects the frequency difference of the reference clock signal between the master management device 2 and its own device, and based on this, detects T1 and The timing of the battery cell measurement 17 may be determined by correcting the information of T2. Similarly, the timing managed by another master management device 2 may be measured to correct the timing of the own device. For example, the monitoring control period of the battery cell is measured to correct the reception standby period of the monitoring control instruction signals S1a and S1b and the transmission timing of the monitoring control result signal S2.

  After performing the battery cell measurement 17, each slave management device 4 monitors using the communication timing and frequency channel set in advance or the communication timing and frequency channel instructed by the previously received monitoring control instruction signal S1. The control result signal S2 is transmitted. The master management device 2 waits for reception using the communication timing and frequency channel specified in advance by the communication timing and frequency channel set previously, or the monitoring control instruction signal S1 transmitted earlier, and receives the monitoring control result signal S2. . For example, each slave management device 4 transmits the monitoring control result signal S2 using the frequency channel ch1 at mutually different timing according to the ID of each device. The master management device 2 continues waiting for reception on the frequency channel ch1 during a period in which the reception of the supervisory control result signal S2 from all the slave management devices 4 is expected. It is not necessary for all slave management devices 4 to use the same frequency channel for the supervisory control result signal S2. Also, it may not be the same frequency channel as the monitoring control instruction signal S1.

  The master management device 2 implements communication quality management 18 based on the information on the reception status of the monitoring control instruction signal S1 collected from all slave management devices 4 and the information on the reception status of the monitoring control result signal S2. The communication quality is different for each slave management device 4 and for each frequency channel, so it is preferable to manage them individually.

  The reception states of the supervisory control instruction signal S1 and the supervisory control result signal S2 are, for example, the number of times the slave management device 4 fails in reception or the received signal strength with respect to the supervisory control instruction signal S1, or the supervisory control result signal For S2, the number of times the master management device 2 fails in reception, the received signal strength, or the like. Furthermore, when reception fails, there is also information on the method of reception failure such as whether the data of the received signal is incorrect or the signal itself could not be detected. Furthermore, when the reception is successful, there is also information on how to perform the reception success, such as whether the data of the received signal was correct or the error could be corrected. Even when the reception signal can not be detected, the reception failure can be determined because the signal can not be received at the preset communication timing.

  The communication quality may be, for example, the number of times that the master management apparatus 2 or the slave management apparatus 4 detects an interference wave by carrier sense, in addition to the information on the reception status of the monitoring control instruction signal S1 and the monitoring control result signal S2. is there. Carrier sense is to make the wireless communication unit 8 in a reception standby state and investigate whether radio waves other than the own system exist in the frequency channel. As a result of the investigation, if the frequency channel is vacant, a signal is transmitted, and if not vacant, control such as delaying transmission timing is performed.

  FIG. 4 is a table for explaining an operation example of the battery system. The master management device 2 manages communication quality for each slave management device 4 and for each frequency channel, and determines that the communication quality has deteriorated when the threshold provided for each is exceeded. Since the environment of the reflected wave or disturbance wave fluctuates with time, this threshold value may be managed by the average value, the number of occurrences, and the occurrence probability of the communication quality parameter in the latest multiple battery cell monitoring control cycle (for example, 32 cycles). Further, it is preferable to change the frequency channel used for the monitoring control instruction signal S1 when the communication quality is deteriorated for any one slave management device 4 by exceeding the threshold. In the battery system, it is important to measure all battery cells at once or collect measurement results of all battery cells, and it is important to make communication with all slave management devices 4 successful. On the other hand, the frequency channels used for the supervisory control result signal S2 may be different for each slave management apparatus 4, and the frequency channels for which communication quality is not deteriorated may be individually selected for each slave management apparatus 4.

  In the example shown in FIG. 4, the number of reception failures for the monitoring control instruction signal of the frequency channel ch1 exceeds the threshold, and it is determined that the communication quality of the frequency channel ch1 has deteriorated. Frequency channel ch1 whose communication quality has deteriorated is changed to another frequency channel whose communication quality has not deteriorated in the next battery cell monitoring control period according to the information of the frequency channel included in monitoring control instruction signal S1.

  The communication quality may be managed by dividing the monitoring control instruction signal S1 and the monitoring control result signal S2. Thereby, the communication quality of each signal can be grasped finely.

  FIG. 5 is a communication sequence diagram for explaining an operation example of the battery system. A period in which the master management apparatus 2 and each slave management apparatus 4 can investigate the presence or absence of an interference wave by carrier sense is shown. After transmitting the monitoring control instruction signal S1, the master management device 2 can carry out the disturbance wave investigation 19 while the slave management device is carrying out the battery cell measurement 17 and while carrying out the communication quality control 18 . In these periods, since radio communication does not occur in the own system, detected radio waves are disturbance waves. On the other hand, after the slave management device 4 receives the monitoring control instruction signal S1, the master management device 2 performs the battery cell measurement 17 and while the other devices transmit the monitoring control result signal S2. While conducting the communication quality control 18, the disturbance surveys 19, 20 can be conducted. While the slave management device 4 is performing the battery cell measurement 17 and while the master management device 2 is performing the communication quality control 18, the radio wave detected in the own system is not generated. Is a disturbance wave. However, in the disturbance wave survey 20 performed while the monitoring control result signal S2 is being transmitted by a device other than the own device, since wireless communication is performed in the own system, a frequency not used for transmitting the monitoring control result signal S2 Investigate the channel. By doing this, it is possible to collect information on communication quality even during periods when wireless communication is not being performed. In addition, the slave management apparatus 4 includes the inspection results in the disturbance wave investigations 19 and 20 in the monitoring control result signal S2 and transmits it to the master management apparatus 2.

  FIG. 6 is a communication sequence diagram for explaining an operation example of the battery system. The operation of changing the frequency channel ch1 whose communication quality has deteriorated to the frequency channel ch5 whose communication quality has not deteriorated will be described. In the communication quality control 18 in the period N, it is assumed that the communication quality of the frequency channel ch1 has deteriorated beyond the threshold as shown in FIG. 4, for example. Then, the master management device 2 changes the information of the frequency channel included in the monitoring control instruction signal S3 in the cycle N + 1, and transmits the change instruction of the frequency channel to all the slave management devices 4.

  The slave management device 4 having received the monitoring control instruction signal S3 in the cycle N + 1 performs the battery cell measurement 17 based on the information included in the monitoring control instruction signal S3, and transmits the monitoring control result signal S2 to the master management device 2. Do. The master management device 2 receives the monitoring control result signal S2 from all the slave management devices 4, and thereby grasps that all the slave management devices 4 have received the frequency channel change instruction. When the monitor control result signal S2 does not reach from all the slave management devices 4, the frequency channel change instruction is retransmitted in the next cycle and transmitted to all the slave management devices 4.

  In the cycle N + 2, the frequency channel change instruction is reflected in the communication sequence, and the master management device 2 transmits the monitoring control instruction signal S4 using the new frequency channel ch5. On the other hand, all slave management devices 4 that have received the frequency channel change instruction also stand by for reception on the new frequency channel ch5, and receive the monitoring control instruction signal S4 transmitted on the frequency channel ch5. In this manner, while the battery cell measurement 17 is continued, the frequency channel is changed.

  In FIG. 6, the frequency channel change instruction is transmitted in period N + 1, and the change in frequency channel is reflected in the communication sequence in period N + 2. However, in order to ensure transmission to all slave management devices 4, the change in frequency channel The period of reflecting on the communication sequence may be further delayed. For example, when the change of the frequency channel is reflected in the communication sequence in the cycle N + 4, there is an opportunity to transmit the change instruction of the frequency channel over three cycles from the cycle N + 1 to the cycle N + 3. Therefore, frequency channel change instructions can be transmitted to all slave management devices 4 more reliably.

  FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining an operation example of the battery system. As shown in FIG. 6, an example in which the battery cell monitoring control cycle is repeatedly performed is shown. First, the master management device 2 transmits a monitor control instruction signal S1 to all slave management devices 4 (S101). Then, the slave management device 4 that has received the monitoring control instruction signal S1 performs the battery cell measurement 17 (S102). Thereafter, the slave management device 4 transmits the monitoring control result signal S2 to the master management device 2 (S103).

  The master management device 2 that has received the monitoring control result signal S2 from each slave management device 4 manages the communication quality of each slave management device 4 and each frequency channel using the table shown in FIG. 4 or the like (S104). At that time, the frequency channel whose communication quality has deteriorated is prohibited from use for a certain period. After a certain period of time has elapsed, the frequency channel is made available again. This is because there is a high possibility that the communication quality is restored to a good state as the environment of the reflected wave changes or the generation source of the disturbance wave moves away with the passage of time. This also avoids exhaustion of available frequency channels in long-running systems. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7 (b), it is preferable to manage the use prohibition period of the frequency channel. If the battery cell monitoring control cycle is constant, it is preferable to count down the constant period with this cycle number. For example, when it is determined that the communication quality is degraded and the use is prohibited for 100 cycles, in the example of FIG. 7B, it is determined that the communication quality of the frequency channel ch1 is degraded and the use prohibition period is 100. It is set to. The communication quality is good and usable from the frequency channels ch2 to ch5. The communication quality of the frequency channels ch6 to ch8 is determined to have deteriorated in the past, and the remaining numbers of use prohibition periods are 70, 10, and 30, respectively. That is, the frequency quality of the channel ch6 is 30 cycles before, the frequency channel ch7 is 90 cycles before, and the frequency channel ch8 is 70 cycles before. When the use prohibition period disappears and becomes usable, the column of the frequency channel of the communication quality management table is cleared.

  After the management of the communication quality and the update S104 of the use prohibition period, the master management device 2 performs the communication quality deterioration determination S105 of the frequency channel currently being used. If the communication quality is degraded, frequency channel change algorithm S106 is implemented. The frequency channel change algorithm S106 changes a frequency channel whose communication quality has deteriorated to a frequency channel whose communication quality has not deteriorated, as shown in FIGS. In the communication quality deterioration determination S105, when the communication quality is not deteriorated or after the frequency channel change algorithm S106 is performed, the battery cell monitoring control termination determination S107 is performed. If the battery cell monitoring control is to be continued, a monitoring control instruction signal S3 including a frequency channel change instruction is generated (S108). Then, the master management device 2 transmits the monitoring control instruction signal S3 in the next battery cell monitoring control cycle (S101). In this manner, a series of operations of the battery cell monitoring control cycle are repeated.

  FIG. 8 is a flowchart for explaining an operation example of the battery system. It is an example of frequency channel change algorithm S106 shown in FIG. Here, an example in which two frequency channels are used for the supervisory control instruction signal will be described, but the same concept can be applied even when the number of frequency channels to be used is three or more.

  First, it is determined whether there are two or more frequency channels whose communication quality has not deteriorated (S109). For example, in the example of FIG. 7B, four frequency channels ch2 to ch5 exist. If there are two or more frequency channels whose communication quality has not deteriorated, it is determined whether one of the two currently used frequency channels has deteriorated or not (S110).

  In step S110, when any one of the communication quality is deteriorated, the frequency channel whose communication quality is deteriorated is changed to the frequency channel with the best communication quality using the communication quality management table shown in FIG. S112). When there are a plurality of communication quality parameters, the best frequency channel may be selected by prioritizing among them. For example, the priority of the number of reception failures is increased, and the priority of the number of interference wave detections is decreased. Since the number of reception failures is a parameter directly related to communication success or failure, it is preferable to increase the priority. If a frequency channel with the best communication quality is currently used, the frequency channel with the next best communication quality is used. If the same frequency channel is used, communication quality may be simultaneously degraded by one disturbance wave.

  If, at step S110, both of the two communication quality are degraded, the two frequency channels with the degraded communication quality are set to the two best frequency channels using the communication quality management table shown in FIG. Change (S113). The order of communication quality of each frequency channel is the same as in step S112.

  In step S109, if there are less than two frequency channels whose communication quality has not deteriorated, it is determined whether there is one frequency channel whose communication quality has not deteriorated (S111). If there is one frequency channel whose communication quality has not deteriorated, the combination of the change-destination frequency channel is changed to a combination of the frequency channel whose communication quality has not deteriorated and another frequency channel (S114). The other frequency channel is a frequency channel whose use prohibition period is the shortest among frequency channels determined to have deteriorated communication quality. The fact that the use prohibition period is the shortest means that the communication channel is the oldest channel communication channel that has been determined to have deteriorated in communication quality, so that the communication channel quality is most likely to recover with the passage of time. . Here, with respect to the frequency channel whose use prohibition period is the shortest to be used again, the column of the frequency channel in the communication quality management table is cleared once. When the past communication quality data is used, it is determined that the communication quality has deteriorated every cycle until the data is updated, and the same algorithm is executed every cycle, which is wasteful.

  In step S111, when there is no frequency channel whose communication quality has not deteriorated, the frequency channel is changed to the combination of two frequency channels whose use prohibition period is the shortest among the frequency channels determined to have deteriorated the communication quality (S115) . Also in this case, as in step S114, the field of the frequency channel of the communication quality management table is cleared once for the two frequency channels with the shortest use prohibition cycle to be started again.

  As described above, when the communication quality of the currently used frequency channel is degraded, the communication reliability of the supervisory control instruction signal and the supervisory control result signal is maintained high by changing the frequency channel to a good communication quality. can do.

  FIG. 9 is a flowchart for explaining an operation example of the battery system. It is another example of frequency channel change algorithm S106 shown in FIG. The difference from FIG. 8 is that the frequency channel is selected in consideration of the frequency difference of the frequency channel to be used. Here, an example in which two frequency channels are used for the supervisory control instruction signal will be described, but the same concept can be applied even when the number of frequency channels to be used is three or more.

  Steps S109, S110, and S111 are the same as those described in FIG.

  In step S110, when one of the communication quality is deteriorated, the frequency channel whose communication quality is deteriorated is changed. The frequency channel to be changed is the frequency channel with the highest communication quality among frequency channels separated by a predetermined frequency or more with respect to the other frequency channel whose communication quality has not deteriorated (S116). The predetermined frequency may be defined in advance by an assumed interference wave or the like. For example, in the case of wireless communication in the 2.4 GHz band, there are standards such as a wireless LAN, Zigbee (registered trademark), Bluetooth (registered trademark), and the like. Among these, the frequency bandwidth occupied by the wireless LAN is the widest, up to 40 MHz in the IEEE 801.11 n standard. Therefore, it is desirable that the destination frequency channel be a frequency channel separated by 40 MHz or more with respect to the other frequency channel. If frequency channels separated by 40 MHz or more are used, even if the wireless LAN system operates in the vicinity of the battery system and an interference wave is generated, one of the two frequency channels is not affected by the interference wave, Communication quality does not deteriorate. If frequency channels separated by 40 MHz or more do not exist, it is desirable to select frequency channels separated by 20 MHz or more. The next occupied frequency bandwidth as an assumed disturbance wave is also a wireless LAN, which is 20 MHz in the IEEE 802.11a / g / n standard. As described above, when the predetermined frequency has a plurality of references, higher communication reliability can be maintained. Note that the ranking of communication quality is the same as that described in step S112.

  In step S110, in the case where both of the two communication quality are degraded, a combination of two frequency channels separated by a predetermined frequency or more among the frequency channels in which the communication quality is not degraded is used. To (S117). When there are a plurality of combinations of two frequency channels separated by a predetermined frequency or more, it is preferable to use a combination including the frequency channel with the best communication quality. The ranking of the predetermined frequency and communication quality is the same as in step S116.

  In step S111, when there is one frequency channel in which the communication quality is not degraded, the combination of the change destination frequency channel is changed to a combination of the frequency channel in which the communication quality is not degraded and another frequency channel. (S118). The other frequency channel is a frequency channel that is separated by a predetermined frequency or more from the frequency channel in which the communication quality is not degraded among the frequency channels in which the communication quality is determined to be degraded. In the case where there are a plurality of frequency channels separated by a predetermined frequency or more, the frequency channel having the shortest prohibited period is used. Here, with respect to the frequency channel whose use prohibition cycle to be started again is the shortest, the column of the frequency channel in the communication quality management table is cleared once as in S114 and the like.

  In step S111, when there is no frequency channel in which the communication quality has not deteriorated, among the frequency channels judged to have deteriorated in the communication quality, change to a combination of two frequency channels separated by a predetermined frequency or more (S119) . In the case where there are a plurality of frequency channels separated by a predetermined frequency or more, it is preferable to combine them including the frequency channel whose use prohibition period is the shortest. Also in this case, as in step S118, the field of the frequency channel of the communication quality management table is cleared once for the two frequency channels with the shortest use prohibition period to be started again.

  As described above, when the communication quality of the frequency channel currently being used is degraded, changing the communication quality away from the predetermined frequency to a good frequency channel will result in an interference wave that may be generated in the future. Thus, the communication reliability of the supervisory control instruction signal and the supervisory control result signal can be maintained higher.

  FIG. 10 is a communication sequence diagram for explaining an operation example of the battery system. When the communication quality is degraded, there are various means other than the change of the frequency channel. FIG. 10A shows an example in which the number of transmissions of the monitoring control instruction signal is changed. The number of transmissions of the monitoring control instruction signal S5 is increased from two to three. Communication failure probability is reduced by increasing the number of transmissions. At this time, the supervisory control instruction signals S5a, S5b and S5c may be transmitted using different frequency channels, and the increased supervisory control instruction signal S5c may be the same frequency channel as any of the supervisory control instruction signals S5a and S5b. . In addition, the execution timing of the battery cell measurement 17 is instructed by time differences T3, T4, and T5 from the respective monitoring control instruction signals S5. By doing this, even when the number of transmissions is increased, the execution timing of the battery cell measurement 17 can be maintained simultaneously.

  FIG. 10B is an example of changing the transmission timing of the monitoring control instruction signal. The transmission timing of the monitoring control instruction signal S6 is delayed from the original timing. The occurrence timing of the disturbance wave can be avoided by changing the transmission timing of the monitoring control instruction signal S6 from the current timing in conflict with the occurrence timing of the disturbance wave. Further, when the occurrence timing of the interference wave is grasped by the interference wave investigations 19 and 20 shown in FIG. 5, the transmission timing of the monitoring control instruction signal S6 is set more surely to avoid the occurrence timing of the interference wave. It can be changed. This is effective when the disturbance wave source operates periodically. At this time, the frequency channels of the monitoring control instruction signals S6a and S6b may be the frequency channels used so far or may be changed. Further, the execution timing of the battery cell measurement 17 is instructed by the time differences T6 and T7 with each monitoring control instruction signal S6. Also, it may be implemented together with the change of the number of transmissions shown in FIG.

  FIG. 10C is an example of changing the transmission power of the monitoring control instruction signal. The transmission power of the monitoring control instruction signal S7 is increased more than before. This makes it possible to intensify the received signal strength lowered by the reflected wave. Also, even if an interference wave is generated, the reception success probability can be increased by increasing the power ratio of the signal and the interference wave. At this time, the frequency channels of the monitoring control instruction signals S7a and S7b may be the frequency channels used so far or may be changed. In addition, the execution timing of the battery cell measurement 17 is instructed by the time differences T1 and T2 with each monitoring control instruction signal S7. Further, it may be implemented together with the change of the number of transmissions and the change of the transmission timing shown in FIGS. 10 (a) and 10 (b).

  FIG. 10D shows an example of changing the code length of the supervisory control instruction signal, the modulation method, and the communication speed. For example, the code length of the supervisory control instruction signal S8 is increased, the modulation scheme is reduced from four-level modulation to two-level modulation, or the communication speed is reduced, for example. As a result, by increasing the signal power used to express one bit, the same effect as when transmitting power is increased can be obtained. In addition, if the error correction code is made longer, the error correction capability can be enhanced and the reception success probability can be increased. At this time, the frequency channels of the monitoring control instruction signals S8a and S8b may be the frequency channels used so far or may be changed. Further, the execution timing of the battery cell measurement 17 is instructed by the time differences T8 and T9 with each monitoring control instruction signal S8. Further, it may be implemented together with the change of the number of transmissions, the change of the transmission timing, and the change of the transmission power shown in FIGS. 10 (a), (b) and (c).

  FIG. 11 is a communication sequence diagram for explaining an operation example of the battery system. In this example, the frequency channel is hopped at each monitoring control period according to the hopping pattern of the frequency channel set in advance. Here, an example in which two frequency channels are used in one battery cell monitoring control period is shown, but the same concept can be applied to the case where three or more frequency channels are used.

  The master management device 2 and the slave management device 4 record frequency channel hopping patterns in the respective recording units 11 and 16 in advance. When the battery system is started, synchronization is established between the master management device 2 and the slave management device 4, and communication is started, and hopping is performed according to the frequency channel hopping pattern recorded in the recording units 11 and 16 frequency channels. For example, in a system in which a monitoring control instruction signal is transmitted using two frequency channels in one battery cell monitoring control cycle, hopping patterns 1 to 8 are repeatedly used as in the table shown in FIG. explain.

  Each hopping pattern is composed of a pair of frequency channels used in one battery cell monitoring control period. When a frequency channel pair of hopping pattern 1 is used in a certain battery cell monitoring control cycle, monitoring control instruction signal S1a is transmitted using frequency channel ch1, and monitoring control instruction signal S1b is transmitted using frequency channel ch2. The slave management device 4 also performs reception operation on the frequency channel ch1 of the hopping pattern 1 and then performs reception operation on the frequency channel h2 in accordance with information on communication timing instructed in advance.

  The slave management device 4 executes the battery cell measurement 17 according to the instruction of the monitoring control instruction signal S1, and transmits the monitoring control result signal S2 using the frequency channel ch1. After that, the master management device 2 implements communication quality management 18, updates the communication quality management table and the use prohibition period for the frequency channels ch1 and ch2, and implements the frequency channel change algorithm as necessary. The series of operations are similar to the example shown in FIG. When the frequency channel is changed, as shown in FIG. 6, the frequency control instruction is transmitted to the slave management apparatus 4 by the monitoring control instruction signal S1 in the battery cell monitoring control cycle after the next time.

  In the next battery cell monitoring control cycle, using the frequency channel pair of the hopping pattern 2, the master management device 2 transmits the monitoring control instructing signal S9a on the frequency channel ch3 and the monitoring control instructing signal S9b on the frequency channel ch4. The slave management device 4 also performs reception operation on the frequency channel ch3 and the frequency channel ch4, and receives the monitoring control instruction signal S9.

  FIG. 12 is a table for explaining an operation example of the battery system. The difference from the example shown in FIG. 4 is whether to manage the communication quality for each frequency channel or to manage the communication quality for each hopping pattern. When the influence of the interference wave differs depending on the communication timing, such as when the interference wave is generated in a cycle longer than the battery cell monitoring control cycle, management may be performed for each hopping pattern. In the case of a battery system that performs frequency channel hopping, either of the examples shown in FIGS. 4 and 12 can be applied.

  FIG. 13A is a flowchart for explaining an operation example of the battery system. It is an example in the case of performing frequency channel hopping of frequency channel change algorithm S106 shown in FIG. Here, although the case where two frequency channels are used by one hopping pattern is described, the same concept can be applied to the case where three or more frequency channels are used. Also in the case of performing frequency channel hopping, the frequency channel change algorithm described in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 can be applied.

  Steps S109, S110, and S111 are the same as those described in FIG.

  In step S110, when one of the communication quality is deteriorated, the frequency channel whose communication quality is deteriorated is changed. The change destination frequency channel is the frequency channel with the least number of use among all currently used hopping patterns (S120). If there are multiple frequency channels with the least number of times of use, the frequency channel with the best communication quality is used. The ranking of the communication quality is the same as in step S112. Further, for the hopping pattern in which the frequency channel is changed, the column of the hopping pattern in the communication quality management table is cleared once.

  In step S110, when both of the communication quality are deteriorated, among the frequency channels in which the communication quality is not deteriorated among the two frequency channels in which the communication quality is deteriorated among all the hopping patterns currently used. The frequency channel is changed to the combination of two frequency channels which is the least used (S121). If there are three or more frequency channels with the least number of times of use, it is better to combine the two frequency channels with the best communication quality. The ranking of communication quality is the same as in step S112. Further, for the hopping pattern in which the frequency channel is changed, the column of the hopping pattern in the communication quality management table is cleared once.

  An example of the above-described frequency channel change will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13A to 13E. As shown in FIG. 13B (a), four communication channels ch2 to ch5 have good communication quality. As a result of performing communication quality control 18 using hopping pattern 1 in a certain battery cell monitoring control cycle, the communication quality of hopping pattern 1a is degraded as shown in FIG. In the hopping pattern 1a, the frequency channel ch1 is used, and this frequency channel is changed. In this case, among the frequency channels ch2, ch3, ch4, and ch5 whose communication quality is not deteriorated, the frequency channel ch1 is changed to the frequency channel ch5 having the least number of times of use as shown in FIG. 13B (b). The hopping pattern after the change is as shown in FIG. 13B (c). Here, other hopping patterns using the frequency channel ch1 may be simultaneously changed. As shown in FIG. 13B (d), in addition to hopping pattern 1, frequency channel ch1 is also used for hopping pattern 5. Therefore, the frequency channel change algorithm S106 is also performed for the hopping pattern 5 to change to the frequency channel ch5 with the smallest number of times of use among frequency channels whose communication quality has not deteriorated. The hopping pattern after the change is as shown in FIG. 13B (e). Thus, by changing the frequency channel hopping pattern, it is possible to avoid the deterioration of communication quality.

  In step S111, when there is one frequency channel in which the communication quality is not degraded, the combination of the change destination frequency channel is changed to a combination of the frequency channel in which the communication quality is not degraded and another frequency channel. (S122). The other frequency channel is the frequency channel with the least number of times used among all the hopping patterns currently used among the frequency channels for which it is determined that the communication quality has deteriorated. In the case where there are a plurality of frequency channels with the least number of times of use, the frequency channel having the shortest prohibited period is used. Here, with respect to the frequency channel whose use prohibition cycle to be started again is the shortest, the column of the frequency channel in the communication quality management table is cleared once, as in step S114 and the like. Further, for the hopping pattern in which the frequency channel is changed, the column of the hopping pattern in the communication quality management table is cleared once.

  In step S111, when there is no frequency channel in which the communication quality has not deteriorated, among the frequency channels judged to have deteriorated in the communication quality, the frequency with the smallest number of use among all hopping patterns currently used. The channel is changed to a combination of two (S123). If there are three or more frequency channels with the least number of times of use, it is preferable to combine two frequency channels with the shortest use prohibition period. Also in this case, as in step S122, the field of the frequency channel in the communication quality management table is cleared once for the two frequency channels with the shortest use prohibition period to be started again. Further, for the hopping pattern in which the frequency channel is changed, the column of the hopping pattern in the communication quality management table is cleared once.

  As described above, when the communication quality of the frequency channel hopping pattern currently being used is degraded, changing the hopping pattern to a frequency channel with good communication quality enables communication of the monitoring control instruction signal and the monitoring control result signal. Reliability can be maintained high. In addition, by changing to a frequency channel which is used less frequently, it is possible to prevent the hopping pattern from being biased to a specific frequency channel. When the hopping pattern is biased to a specific frequency channel, the occurrence of one disturbance wave may degrade the communication quality of many hopping patterns. This can be avoided, and resistance to disturbances that may occur in the future can be strongly maintained.

  FIG. 14 is a flowchart for explaining an operation example of the battery system. It is an example in the case of performing frequency channel hopping of frequency channel change algorithm S106 shown in FIG. The difference from FIG. 13A is that the frequency channel is selected in consideration of the frequency difference of the frequency channel to be used. Here, although the case where two frequency channels are used by one hopping pattern is described, the same concept can be applied to the case where three or more frequency channels are used.

  Steps S109, S110, and S111 are the same as those described in FIG.

  In step S110, when one of the communication quality is deteriorated, the frequency channel whose communication quality is deteriorated is changed. As a candidate of the change destination frequency channel, first, with respect to the other frequency channel whose communication quality is not deteriorated, a frequency channel separated by a predetermined frequency or more is extracted (S124). Among the extracted frequency channels, the frequency channel with the least number of use among all currently used hopping patterns is set as the change destination frequency channel (S128). If there are multiple frequency channels with the least number of times of use, the frequency channel with the best communication quality is used. The predetermined frequency is the same as step S116. The ranking of the communication quality is the same as in step S112. Further, for the hopping pattern in which the frequency channel is changed, the column of the hopping pattern in the communication quality management table is cleared once.

  In step S110, when the communication quality has deteriorated in both cases, the combination of the two frequency channels in which the communication quality has deteriorated is changed. Among the frequency channels whose communication quality is not degraded, the combination of frequency channels separated by a predetermined frequency or more is extracted as a candidate of the combination of the change destination frequency channel (S125). Among the extracted combinations of frequency channels, the combination including the frequency channel with the least number of use among all currently used hopping patterns is set as the combination of the change-destination frequency channel (S129). If there is a plurality of combinations including the least used frequency channel, the combination of the number of times of use of the combined frequency channel is the smallest. If there are a plurality of combinations, the combination including the frequency channel with the best communication quality is used. The predetermined frequency is the same as step S116. The ranking of the communication quality is the same as in step S112. Further, for the hopping pattern in which the frequency channel is changed, the column of the hopping pattern in the communication quality management table is cleared once.

  In step S111, when there is one frequency channel in which the communication quality is not degraded, the combination of the change destination frequency channel is changed to a combination of the frequency channel in which the communication quality is not degraded and another frequency channel. . Among frequency channels determined to have deteriorated communication quality, frequency channels separated by a predetermined frequency or more with respect to frequency channels not deteriorated in communication quality are extracted as another frequency channel candidate (S 126) . Among the extracted frequency channels, the frequency channel with the least number of use among all currently used hopping patterns is set as another frequency channel (S130). If there are multiple frequency channels with the least number of times of use, the frequency channel with the shortest prohibited cycle is used. The predetermined frequency is the same as step S116. Here, with respect to the frequency channel whose use prohibition cycle to be started again is the shortest, the column of the frequency channel in the communication quality management table is cleared once, as in step S114 and the like. Further, for the hopping pattern in which the frequency channel is changed, the column of the hopping pattern in the communication quality management table is cleared once.

  In step S111, when there is no frequency channel in which the communication quality is not degraded, the frequency channel is changed to a combination of two frequency channels separated by a predetermined frequency or more among the frequency channels determined as the communication quality is degraded. As a combination candidate of the change destination frequency channel, a combination of two frequency channels separated by a predetermined frequency or more is extracted (S127), including the frequency channel with the least number of use among all currently used hopping patterns. Among the extracted combinations, the combination having the smallest total number of times of use of the combined frequency channel is set as the combination of the change destination frequency channel (S131). If a plurality of combinations exist, the combination including the frequency channel whose use prohibition period is the shortest is used. The predetermined frequency is the same as step S116. Here, with respect to the frequency channel whose use prohibition cycle to be started again is the shortest, the column of the frequency channel in the communication quality management table is cleared once, as in step S114 and the like. Further, for the hopping pattern in which the frequency channel is changed, the column of the hopping pattern in the communication quality management table is cleared once.

  As described above, when the communication quality of the frequency channel hopping pattern currently used is deteriorated, the communication quality separated by a predetermined frequency or more may be generated in the future by changing the hopping pattern to a good frequency channel. It is possible to maintain the communication reliability of the supervisory control instruction signal and the supervisory control result signal even higher. In addition, by changing to a frequency channel which is used less frequently, it is possible to prevent the hopping pattern from being biased to a specific frequency channel. This makes it possible to maintain the resistance to disturbances that may occur in the future more strongly.

  FIG. 15 is a communication sequence diagram for describing an operation example of the battery system. The monitoring control instruction signal S10 includes the measurement contents and the measurement timing of the plurality of battery cell measurements 21, 22, 23. Each slave management device 4 simultaneously performs the battery cell measurements 21, 22, 23 according to the monitoring control instruction signal S10. Do. The execution timings of the battery cell measurements 21, 22, 23 are instructed by time differences T1, T2, T10, T11, T12, T13 from the monitoring control instruction signals S10a, S10b. As described above, it is also possible to perform a plurality of battery cell measurements by one monitoring control instruction signal S10. This can reduce the number of wireless communications. However, if the time difference between the monitoring control instruction signal and the battery cell measurement is expanded, the measurement timing error is also increased accordingly, and therefore, it is preferable to increase the number of battery cell measurements within the range of the allowable measurement timing error.

  FIG. 16 is a communication sequence diagram for describing an operation example of the battery system. In this example, the slave control device 4 transmits the monitoring control result signal S12 while performing the battery cell measurement 24. This is effective when the battery cell monitoring control 6 for performing the battery cell measurement 24 and the wireless communication unit 8 for transmitting the monitoring control result signal S12 are simultaneously operable or simultaneously controllable by the control unit 7. When this communication sequence is used, the monitoring control result signal S12 transmitted in the battery cell monitoring control cycle M does not include the result of the battery cell measurement 24 in the battery cell monitoring control cycle M. The result of the battery cell measurement 24 in the battery cell monitoring control period M-1 is included. The result of the battery cell measurement 24 in the battery cell monitoring control cycle M is included in the monitoring control result signal S12 transmitted in the battery cell monitoring control cycle M + 1. By doing this, the period of the battery cell measurement 24 and the transmission period of the monitoring control result signal S12 can be made to overlap, so that the monitoring control of the battery cell can be performed with a shorter cycle.

  As described above, by applying the configuration of the battery system according to the present embodiment, the monitoring control instruction signal can be reliably transmitted to each slave management device by transmitting the monitoring control instruction signal a plurality of times using different frequencies. Can be transmitted to Thereby, it becomes possible to measure each battery cell simultaneously.

  Moreover, it becomes possible to measure each battery cell simultaneously with high simultaneousness by instructing measurement timing by the time difference between the monitoring control instruction signal and the battery cell measurement.

  In addition, by conducting surveys of disturbance waves while radio communication is not being performed, it is possible to detect communication quality deterioration due to disturbance waves more quickly and accurately. This makes it possible to more reliably transmit the monitoring control instruction signal of the battery cell to each slave management device.

  In addition, when the communication quality of the frequency channel to be used is deteriorated due to the reflected wave or the disturbance wave, it is possible to change to the frequency channel with the good communication quality while continuing the simultaneous measurement of the battery cells. This makes it possible to more reliably transmit the monitoring control instruction signal of the battery cell to each slave management device.

  In addition, when the communication quality of the frequency channel to be used is degraded, by changing to a frequency channel separated by a predetermined frequency or more, it is possible to maintain tolerance to an interference wave that may be generated in the future. This makes it possible to more reliably transmit the monitoring control instruction signal of the battery cell to each slave management device.

  Also, when the communication quality of the frequency channel to be used is degraded, the number of transmissions of the supervisory control instruction signal may be increased, the transmission timing may be shifted, the transmission power may be increased, the spreading code or error correction code may be lengthened, or the modulation scheme It is possible to lower the communication speed or lower the communication speed. This makes it possible to more reliably transmit the monitoring control instruction signal of the battery cell to each slave management device.

  Also, by implementing frequency channel hopping together, it becomes possible to more reliably transmit the monitoring control instruction signal of the battery cell to each slave management device.

  In addition, when the communication quality of the frequency channel used in a certain hopping pattern is degraded, it is possible to prevent the hopping pattern from being biased to a specific frequency channel by changing the frequency channel to a less used frequency channel. This makes it possible to maintain resistance to reflected waves and disturbance waves, and to more reliably transmit the monitoring control instruction signal of the battery cell to each slave management device.

  Also, in frequency quality control of channel quality, frequency channels with degraded communication quality are prohibited for a certain period of time, and after a certain period of time, usable frequencies can be used by erasing old communication quality information and making it available again. It becomes possible to prevent the channel from being exhausted. This makes it possible to more reliably transmit the monitoring control instruction signal of the battery cell to each slave management device.

  In addition, by including a plurality of battery cell measurement contents and measurement timings in one monitoring control instruction signal, the number of wireless communication can be reduced, and monitoring and control of the battery cell can be performed in a shorter cycle.

  Also, by making the monitoring control result signal overlap the transmission period of the monitoring control result signal and the battery cell measurement period, and including the battery cell measurement result of the previous cycle in the monitoring control result signal, monitoring control of the battery cell can be performed in a shorter cycle. .

  Also in this embodiment, a battery system for monitoring and controlling a plurality of batteries will be described with reference to the drawings. In the first embodiment, an example in which the supervisory control instruction signal is transmitted a plurality of times using different frequency channels has been described. In this embodiment, an example in which the supervisory control result signal is transmitted a plurality of times using different frequency channels will be described. . Descriptions of configurations and functions similar to those of the first embodiment will be omitted.

  FIG. 17 is a communication sequence diagram for describing an operation example of the battery system. The master management device 2 broadcasts the monitoring control instruction signal S13 to all the slave management devices 4, and each slave management device 4 performs battery cell measurement 17 based on the received monitoring control instruction signal S13, and then the monitoring control result The signal S14 is unicast transmitted to the master management device 2, and the master management device 2 implements the communication quality management 18 based on the received supervisory control result signal S14. It is an operation example which repeats measurement of a battery cell, and management of communication quality repeating this series of operation as 1 cycle.

  The master management device 2 transmits the monitoring control instruction signal S13 using the communication timing and frequency channel set in advance. Each slave management device 4 stands by for reception using a preset communication timing and frequency channel, and receives a supervisory control instruction signal S13. The supervisory control instruction signal S13 is transmitted using the frequency channel ch1. The monitoring control instruction signal S13 is a signal for instructing the measurement content and measurement timing of the battery cell, the wireless communication timing, and the frequency channel. The measurement timing may be instructed by the time difference T1 between the monitoring control instruction signal S13 and the battery cell measurement 17 as in the first embodiment.

  The slave management device 4 performs battery cell measurement 17 based on the measurement content and measurement timing obtained by the reception of the monitoring control instruction signal S13. The slave management device 4 measures the time difference between the reception timing of the monitoring control instruction signal S13 for each battery cell monitoring control cycle and the reception standby start timing for each battery cell monitoring control cycle controlled by the own device, The frequency difference of the reference clock signal between the master management device 2 and the own device may be detected, and the information on T1 may be corrected based on this to determine the execution timing of the battery cell measurement 17. Similarly, the reception standby period of the monitor control instruction signal S13 and the transmission timing of the monitor control result signal S4 may be corrected.

  After the battery cell measurement 17 is performed, each slave management device 4 performs monitoring using the communication timing and frequency channel set in advance or the communication timing and frequency channel instructed by the previously received monitoring control instruction signal S13. The control result signal S14 is transmitted. The first slave management device 4 transmits supervisory control result signals S14a and S14c, and the second slave management device 4 transmits supervisory control result signals S14b and S14d. The master management device 2 waits for reception using the communication timing and frequency channel set in advance or the communication timing and frequency channel instructed by the monitoring control instruction signal S13 transmitted earlier, and receives the monitoring control result signal S14. For example, each slave management device 4 transmits the monitoring control result signal S14 using the frequency channels ch1 and ch2 at different timings according to the ID of each device. The master management device 2 continues waiting for reception on the frequency channels ch1 and ch2 during a period in which the reception of the supervisory control result signal S14 from all the slave management devices 4 is expected. It is not necessary for all slave management devices 4 to use the same combination of frequency channels for the supervisory control result signal S14. Further, the same frequency channel as the monitoring control instruction signal S13 may not be used. Thus, by transmitting the monitoring control result signal S14 a plurality of times using different frequency channels, highly reliable wireless communication can be continued even when the communication quality is deteriorated due to a reflected wave or an interference wave. . For example, when the communication quality is deteriorated due to disturbance waves on the frequency channel ch1, the possibility of failure to receive the supervisory control result signals S14a and S14b is high, but the possibility of failing to receive the supervisory control result signals S14c and S14d is low. As it is untouched, the measurement results of the battery cell can be reliably collected.

  The master management device 2 implements communication quality management 18 based on the information on the reception status of the monitoring control instruction signal S13 collected from all slave management devices 4 and the information on the reception status of the monitoring control result signal S14. Since the communication quality differs for each slave management apparatus 4 and for each frequency channel, it is managed separately.

  FIG. 18 is a communication sequence diagram for describing an operation example of the battery system. An operation of changing the frequency channel ch2 whose communication quality has deteriorated to the frequency channel ch5 whose communication quality has not deteriorated will be described. In communication quality control 18 in period N, it is assumed that the communication quality of frequency channel ch2 has deteriorated. Then, the master management device 2 changes the information of the frequency channel included in the monitoring control instruction signal S15 in the cycle N + 1, and transmits the change instruction of the frequency channel to all the slave management devices 4.

  The slave management device 4 having received the monitoring control instruction signal S15 in the cycle N + 1 performs the battery cell measurement 17 based on the information included in the monitoring control instruction signal S15, and transmits the monitoring control result signal S14 to the master management device 2. Do. The master management device 2 receives the monitoring control result signal S14 from all the slave management devices 4, and thereby grasps that all the slave management devices 4 have received the frequency channel change instruction. When the monitor control result signal S14 does not reach from all the slave management devices 4, the frequency channel change instruction is retransmitted in the next cycle, and transmitted to all the slave management devices 4.

  In the cycle N + 2, the change instruction of the frequency channel is reflected in the communication sequence, and the slave management device 4 transmits the monitoring control result signal S16 using the frequency channel ch1 and the new frequency channel ch5. In this manner, while the battery cell measurement 17 is continued, the frequency channel is changed.

  In FIG. 18, the frequency channel change instruction is transmitted in period N + 1, and the change in frequency channel is reflected in the communication sequence in period N + 2. However, in order to ensure transmission to all slave management devices 4, the change in frequency channel The period of reflecting on the communication sequence may be further delayed.

  FIG. 19 is a communication sequence diagram for describing an operation example of the battery system. When the communication quality is degraded, there are various means other than the change of the frequency channel as in the first embodiment. FIG. 19A shows an example of changing the number of transmissions of the monitoring control result signal. The number of transmissions of the monitoring control result signal S17 is increased from two to three. At this time, the supervisory control result signals S17a, S17c, and S17e may be transmitted using different frequency channels.

  FIG. 19B shows an example of changing the transmission timing of the supervisory control result signal. The transmission timing of the supervisory control result signal S18 is delayed from the original timing. This is effective when the disturbance wave source operates periodically. At this time, the frequency channels of the supervisory control result signals S18a and S18c may be the frequency channels used so far or may be changed. Also, it may be implemented together with the change of the number of transmissions shown in FIG.

  FIG. 19C shows an example of changing the transmission power of the supervisory control result signal. The transmission power of the supervisory control result signal S19 is increased more than before. This makes it possible to intensify the received signal strength lowered by the reflected wave. Also, even if an interference wave is generated, the reception success probability can be increased by increasing the power ratio of the signal and the interference wave. At this time, the frequency channels of the supervisory control result signals S19a and S19c may be the frequency channels used so far or may be changed. Further, it may be implemented together with the change of the number of transmissions and the change of the transmission timing shown in FIGS. 19 (a) and 19 (b).

  FIG. 19D shows an example of changing the code length of the supervisory control result signal, the modulation method, and the communication speed. For example, the code length of the supervisory control result signal S20 is increased, the modulation scheme is reduced from four-level modulation to two-level modulation, or the communication speed is reduced, for example. As a result, by increasing the signal power used to express one bit, the same effect as when transmitting power is increased can be obtained. In addition, if the error correction code is made longer, the error correction capability can be enhanced and the reception success probability can be increased. At this time, the frequency channels of the supervisory control result signals S20a and S20c may be the frequency channels used so far or may be changed. In addition, it may be implemented together with the change of the number of transmissions, the change of the transmission timing, and the change of the transmission power shown in FIGS.

  Also in this embodiment, frequency channels can be hopped and used as in the first embodiment.

  Also in the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the master management device 2 manages the communication quality for each slave management device 4 and for each frequency channel, and the communication quality is degraded when the threshold provided for each is exceeded. It is determined that When hopping and using the frequency channel, the master management device 2 may manage the communication quality for each hopping pattern.

  Also in the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, after the master control device 2 transmits the monitoring control instruction signal S13, while the slave management device 4 performs the battery cell measurement 17, the own device performs communication quality During the implementation of management 18, disturbance surveys can be conducted. Further, after the slave management device 4 receives the monitoring control instruction signal S13, the master management device 2 performs the battery cell measurement 17 and while the devices other than the own device transmit the monitoring control result signal S14. While conducting the communication quality control 18, an interference wave investigation can be conducted.

  Also in the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the battery cell monitoring control cycle can be repeatedly performed. The master management device 2 manages the communication quality of each slave management device 4 and each frequency channel, and prohibits the use of the frequency channel whose communication quality has deteriorated for a certain period. The disabled frequency channel is enabled again after a predetermined period of time has elapsed. Then, the communication quality deterioration determination of the frequency channel is performed, and the frequency channel change algorithm is performed.

  Also in the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, in the frequency channel change algorithm, a frequency channel whose communication quality has deteriorated is changed to a frequency channel whose communication quality is good, or a combination of frequency channels separated by a predetermined frequency or more. It can be changed, or can be changed to the least used frequency channel among all hopping patterns currently used.

  Also in the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the monitoring control instruction signal can include the measurement content and measurement timing of the plurality of battery cell measurements.

  Also in the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the slave management apparatus can transmit the monitoring control result signal during the battery cell measurement period.

  As described above, when the configuration of the battery system according to the present embodiment is applied, the monitoring control result of each slave management device is reliably transmitted to the master management device by transmitting the monitoring control result signal using the different frequency multiple times. It will be possible to As a result, the monitoring control results of the respective battery cells can be collected without missing, and the variation of the battery state of each battery cell can be grasped.

  Moreover, it becomes possible to measure each battery cell simultaneously with high simultaneousness by instructing measurement timing by the time difference between the monitoring control instruction signal and the battery cell measurement.

  In addition, by conducting surveys of disturbance waves while radio communication is not being performed, it is possible to detect communication quality deterioration due to disturbance waves more quickly and accurately. This makes it possible to more reliably transmit the monitor control result signal of each slave management device to the master management device.

  In addition, when the communication quality of the frequency channel to be used is deteriorated due to the reflected wave or the disturbance wave, it is possible to change to the frequency channel with the good communication quality while continuing the simultaneous measurement of the battery cells. This makes it possible to more reliably transmit the monitor control result signal of each slave management device to the master management device.

  In addition, when the communication quality of the frequency channel to be used is degraded, by changing to a frequency channel separated by a predetermined frequency or more, it is possible to maintain tolerance to an interference wave that may be generated in the future. This makes it possible to more reliably transmit the monitor control result signal of each slave management device to the master management device.

  In addition, when the communication quality of the frequency channel to be used is degraded, the number of transmissions of the supervisory control result signal may be increased, the transmission timing may be shifted, the transmission power may be increased, the spreading code or error correction code may be lengthened, or the modulation scheme It is possible to lower the communication speed or lower the communication speed. This makes it possible to more reliably transmit the monitor control result signal of each slave management device to the master management device.

  Also, by implementing frequency channel hopping together, it becomes possible to more reliably transmit the monitoring control result signal of each slave management device to the master management device.

  In addition, when the communication quality of the frequency channel used in a certain hopping pattern is degraded, it is possible to prevent the hopping pattern from being biased to a specific frequency channel by changing the frequency channel to a less used frequency channel. This makes it possible to maintain resistance to reflected waves and disturbance waves, and to more reliably transmit the monitoring control result signal of each slave management device to the master management device.

  Also, in frequency quality control of channel quality, frequency channels with degraded communication quality are prohibited for a certain period of time, and after a certain period of time, usable frequencies can be used by erasing old communication quality information and making it available again. It becomes possible to prevent the channel from being exhausted. This makes it possible to more reliably transmit the monitor control result signal of each slave management device to the master management device.

  In addition, by including a plurality of battery cell measurement contents and measurement timings in one monitoring control instruction signal, the number of wireless communication can be reduced, and monitoring and control of the battery cell can be performed in a shorter cycle.

  Also, by making the monitoring control result signal overlap the transmission period of the monitoring control result signal and the battery cell measurement period, and including the battery cell measurement result of the previous cycle in the monitoring control result signal, monitoring control of the battery cell can be performed in a shorter cycle. .

  Moreover, it is also possible to implement in combination with the first embodiment.

  Also in this embodiment, a battery system for monitoring and controlling a plurality of batteries will be described with reference to the drawings. In this embodiment, an example will be described in which the supervisory control instruction signal and the supervisory control result signal are transmitted a plurality of times using different frequency channels. Descriptions of configurations and functions similar to those of the first embodiment and the second embodiment will be omitted.

  FIG. 20 is a communication sequence diagram for describing an operation example of the battery system. The master management device 2 broadcasts the monitoring control instruction signal S21 to all slave management devices 4, and each slave management device 4 performs battery cell measurement 17 based on the received monitoring control instruction signal S21, and thereafter, the monitoring control result The signal S22 is unicast transmitted to the master management device 2, and the master management device 2 implements the communication quality management 18 based on the received supervisory control result signal S22. It is an operation example which repeats measurement of a battery cell, and management of communication quality repeating this series of operation as 1 cycle.

  The master management device 2 transmits the monitoring control instruction signals S21a and S21b using the communication timing and frequency channel set in advance, and each slave management device 4 transmits the monitoring control result signal S22. The measurement timings included in the monitoring control instruction signals S21a and S21b may be instructed by time differences T1 and T2 between the monitoring control instruction signal S21 and the battery cell measurement 17.

  The slave management device 4 measures the reception timing difference between the monitoring control instruction signals S21a and S21b for each battery cell monitoring control period and the battery cell monitoring control period, and the frequency of the reference clock signal between the master management device 2 and the own device. A difference may be detected. Thereby, the information on T1 and T2 can be corrected to determine the execution timing of the battery cell measurement 17 with high accuracy. Similarly, the reception standby period of the monitor control instruction signal S13 and the transmission timing of the monitor control result signal S4 may be corrected.

  After performing the battery cell measurement 17, each slave management device 4 monitors using the communication timing and frequency channel set in advance or the communication timing and frequency channel instructed by the previously received monitoring control instruction signal S21. Control result signal S22 is transmitted. The first slave management device 4 transmits supervisory control result signals S22a and S22c, and the second slave management device 4 transmits supervisory control result signals S22b and S22d. The master management device 2 waits for reception using the communication timing and frequency channel set in advance or the communication timing and frequency channel instructed by the monitoring control instruction signal S21 transmitted earlier, and receives the monitoring control result signal S22. The frequency channels used for the supervisory control instruction signal S21 and the supervisory control result signal S22 do not necessarily have to be the same. Also, the frequency channels used for the supervisory control result signal S22 transmitted by each slave management device 4 need not necessarily be the same.

  By transmitting both the supervisory control instruction signal S21 and the supervisory control result signal S22 multiple times using different frequency channels, highly reliable wireless communication can be continued even when the communication quality is deteriorated due to reflected waves or disturbance waves. can do. For example, when the communication quality is deteriorated due to disturbance waves on the frequency channel ch1, there is a high possibility that reception of the monitor control instruction signal S21a and the monitor control result signals S22a and S22b will fail, but the monitor control instruction signal S21b and the monitor control result signal Since the possibility of failing to receive S22c and S22d remains low, the monitoring control instruction of the battery cell can be reliably transmitted to each slave management device 4, and measurement results can be collected from each slave management device 4.

  FIG. 21 is a communication sequence diagram for describing an operation example of the battery system. The operation of changing the frequency channel ch1 whose communication quality has deteriorated to the frequency channel ch5 whose communication quality has not deteriorated will be described. In communication quality control 18 in period N, it is assumed that the communication quality of frequency channel ch1 is degraded. Then, the master management device 2 changes the information of the frequency channel included in the monitoring control instruction signal S23 in the cycle N + 1, and transmits the change instruction of the frequency channel to all the slave management devices 4.

  The slave management apparatus 4 having received the monitoring control instruction signal S23 in the cycle N + 1 performs the battery cell measurement 17 based on the information included in the monitoring control instruction signal S23, and transmits the monitoring control result signal S22 to the master management apparatus 2. Do. The master management device 2 receives the monitoring control result signal S22 from all the slave management devices 4, and thereby grasps that all the slave management devices 4 have received the frequency channel change instruction. When the monitor control result signal S22 does not arrive from all slave management devices 4, the frequency channel change instruction is retransmitted in the next cycle, and transmitted to all slave management devices 4.

  In cycle N + 2, the master channel controller changes the monitoring command in S24 using the frequency channel ch2 and the new frequency channel ch5, reflecting the change instruction of the frequency channel in the communication sequence, and the slave management device 4 monitors the monitoring control result signal S25. Send In this manner, while the battery cell measurement 17 is continued, the frequency channel is changed.

  In FIG. 21, the frequency channel change instruction is transmitted in period N + 1, and the change in frequency channel is reflected in the communication sequence in period N + 2. However, in order to ensure transmission to all slave management devices 4, the change in frequency channel The period of reflecting on the communication sequence may be further delayed.

  FIG. 22 is a communication sequence diagram for describing an operation example of the battery system. When the communication quality is degraded, there are various means other than the change of the frequency channel. FIG. 22A shows an example of changing the number of transmissions of the monitoring control instruction signal and the monitoring control result signal. The number of transmissions of the monitoring control instruction signal S26 and the monitoring control result signal S27 is increased from two to three, respectively. At this time, the monitoring control instruction signals S26a, S26b, S26c and the monitoring control result signals S27a, S27c, S27e may be transmitted using different frequency channels.

  FIG. 22B shows an example of changing the transmission timings of the monitor control instruction signal and the monitor control result signal. The transmission timing of the monitoring control instruction signal S28 and the monitoring control result signal S29 is delayed from the original timing. This is effective when the disturbance wave source operates periodically. At this time, the frequency channels of the supervisory control instruction signals S28a and S28b and the supervisory control result signals S29a and S29c may be the frequency channels used so far or may be changed. Also, it may be implemented together with the change of the number of transmissions shown in FIG.

  FIG. 22C shows an example of changing the transmission powers of the monitor control instruction signal and the monitor control result signal. The transmission powers of the monitoring control instruction signal S30 and the monitoring control result signal S31 are increased more than before. This makes it possible to intensify the received signal strength lowered by the reflected wave. Also, even if an interference wave is generated, the reception success probability can be increased by increasing the power ratio of the signal and the interference wave. At this time, the frequency channels of the supervisory control instruction signals S30a and S30b and the supervisory control result signals S31a and S31c may be the frequency channels used so far or may be changed. Further, it may be implemented together with the change of the number of transmissions and the change of the transmission timing shown in FIGS. 22 (a) and 22 (b).

  FIG. 22 (d) is an example of changing the code lengths and modulation methods of the supervisory control instruction signal and the supervisory control result signal, and the communication speed. For example, the code length of the monitoring control instruction signal S32 and the monitoring control result signal S33 is increased, the modulation scheme is reduced from four-level modulation to two-level modulation, or the communication speed is reduced, for example. As a result, by increasing the signal power used to express one bit, the same effect as when transmitting power is increased can be obtained. In addition, if the error correction code is made longer, the error correction capability can be enhanced and the reception success probability can be increased. At this time, the frequency channels of the supervisory control instruction signals S32a and S32b and the supervisory control result signals S33a and S33c may be the frequency channels used so far or may be changed. Further, it may be implemented together with the change of the number of transmissions, the change of the transmission timing, and the change of the transmission power shown in FIGS. 22 (a), (b) and (c).

  Also in the present embodiment, as in the first and second embodiments, the frequency channel can be hopped and used.

  Also in the present embodiment, as in the first and second embodiments, the master management device 2 manages communication quality for each slave management device 4 and for each frequency channel, and when the threshold provided for each is exceeded, It determines that the communication quality has deteriorated. When hopping and using the frequency channel, the master management device 2 may manage the communication quality for each hopping pattern.

  Also in the present embodiment, as in the first and second embodiments, after transmitting the monitoring control instruction signal S21, the master management device 2 performs its own operation while the slave management device 4 performs the battery cell measurement 17. While the device is performing communication quality control 18, disturbance survey can be performed. Further, after the slave management device 4 receives the monitoring control instruction signal S21, the master management device 2 performs while performing the battery cell measurement 17 and while other than the own device transmits the monitoring control result signal S22. While conducting the communication quality control 18, an interference wave investigation can be conducted.

  Also in the present embodiment, the battery cell monitoring control cycle can be repeatedly performed as in the first embodiment and the second embodiment. The master management device 2 manages the communication quality of each slave management device 4 and each frequency channel, and prohibits the use of the frequency channel whose communication quality has deteriorated for a certain period. The disabled frequency channel is enabled again after a predetermined period of time has elapsed. Then, the communication quality deterioration determination of the frequency channel is performed, and the frequency channel change algorithm is performed.

  Also in the present embodiment, as in the first and second embodiments, in the frequency channel change algorithm, a frequency channel whose communication quality has deteriorated is changed to a frequency channel whose communication quality is good or frequencies separated by a predetermined frequency or more. It is possible to change to a combination of channels or to change to a frequency channel that is used the least among all currently used hopping patterns.

  Also in the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the monitoring control instruction signal can include the measurement content and the measurement timing of the plurality of battery cell measurements.

  Also in the present embodiment, as in the first and second embodiments, the slave management apparatus can transmit the monitoring control result signal during the battery cell measurement period.

  As described above, when the configuration of the battery system according to the present embodiment is applied, the monitoring control instruction signal and the monitoring control result signal are transmitted a plurality of times using different frequencies to manage the slave cell monitoring control instruction signals for each slave. It becomes possible to reliably transmit the monitoring control results of each slave management device to the master management device. Thereby, it becomes possible to measure each battery cell simultaneously, to collect without losing the monitoring control results of each battery cell, and to grasp the variation of the battery state of each battery cell.

  Moreover, it becomes possible to measure each battery cell simultaneously with high simultaneousness by instructing measurement timing by the time difference between the monitoring control instruction signal and the battery cell measurement.

  In addition, by conducting surveys of disturbance waves while radio communication is not being performed, it is possible to detect communication quality deterioration due to disturbance waves more quickly and accurately. As a result, the monitoring control instruction signal of the battery cell can be more reliably transmitted to each slave management device, and the monitoring control result signal of each slave management device can be transmitted to the master management device.

  In addition, when the communication quality of the frequency channel to be used is deteriorated due to the reflected wave or the disturbance wave, it is possible to change to the frequency channel with the good communication quality while continuing the simultaneous measurement of the battery cells. As a result, the monitoring control instruction signal of the battery cell can be more reliably transmitted to each slave management device, and the monitoring control result signal of each slave management device can be transmitted to the master management device.

  In addition, when the communication quality of the frequency channel to be used is degraded, by changing to a frequency channel separated by a predetermined frequency or more, it is possible to maintain tolerance to an interference wave that may be generated in the future. As a result, the monitoring control instruction signal of the battery cell can be more reliably transmitted to each slave management device, and the monitoring control result signal of each slave management device can be transmitted to the master management device.

  Also, when the communication quality of the frequency channel to be used is degraded, the number of transmissions of the supervisory control instruction signal and the supervisory control result signal may be increased, transmission timing may be shifted, transmission power may be increased, and spreading code and error correction code may be long. And it is possible to lower the modulation scheme and lower the communication speed. As a result, the monitoring control instruction signal of the battery cell can be more reliably transmitted to each slave management device, and the monitoring control result signal of each slave management device can be transmitted to the master management device.

  Further, by carrying out frequency channel hopping together, the monitoring control instruction signal of the battery cell is more reliably transmitted to each slave management device, and the monitoring control result signal of each slave management device is transmitted to the master management device. Becomes possible.

  In addition, when the communication quality of the frequency channel used in a certain hopping pattern is degraded, it is possible to prevent the hopping pattern from being biased to a specific frequency channel by changing the frequency channel to a less used frequency channel. As a result, the monitoring control instruction signal of the battery cell can be more reliably transmitted to each slave management device, and the monitoring control result signal of each slave management device can be transmitted to the master management device.

  Also, in frequency quality control of channel quality, frequency channels with degraded communication quality are prohibited for a certain period of time, and after a certain period of time, usable frequencies can be used by erasing old communication quality information and making it available again. It becomes possible to prevent the channel from being exhausted. As a result, the monitoring control instruction signal of the battery cell can be more reliably transmitted to each slave management device, and the monitoring control result signal of each slave management device can be transmitted to the master management device.

  In addition, by including a plurality of battery cell measurement contents and measurement timings in one monitoring control instruction signal, the number of wireless communication can be reduced, and monitoring and control of the battery cell can be performed in a shorter cycle.

  Also, by making the monitoring control result signal overlap the transmission period of the monitoring control result signal and the battery cell measurement period, and including the battery cell measurement result of the previous cycle in the monitoring control result signal, monitoring control of the battery cell can be performed in a shorter cycle. .

  Moreover, it is also possible to implement combining with Example 1 or Example 2. The first embodiment is implemented in applications where the communication quality of the supervisory control instruction signal is degraded or the supervisory control instruction signal has high importance. The second embodiment is implemented in applications where the communication quality of the supervisory control result signal is degraded or the supervisory control result signal is of high importance. The third embodiment is implemented in applications where the communication quality of both the supervisory control instruction signal and the supervisory control result signal is degraded or the significance of any of the signals is high. This makes it possible to selectively implement effective measures to achieve the necessary communication reliability.

  Also in this embodiment, a battery system for monitoring and controlling a plurality of batteries will be described with reference to the drawings. In this embodiment, an example will be described in which each of the master management device and the slave management device includes a plurality of wireless communication units. Descriptions of configurations and functions similar to those of the first embodiment, the second embodiment, and the third embodiment will be omitted.

  FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a battery system. The battery system 25 includes a master management device 26 and a plurality of battery modules 27. The battery module 27 includes a slave management device 28 and a battery cell 5. The number of battery cells 5 may be one or more. The battery module 27 connects the battery cells 5 in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel connection. Further, the battery modules 27 are also connected in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel connection.

  The slave management device 28 includes a battery cell monitoring control unit 6 and a control unit 29, wireless communication units 30 and 31, antennas 32 and 33, a timer 10, and a recording unit 11.

  The wireless communication units 30 and 31 wirelessly communicate with the master management device 26 via the antennas 32 and 33 respectively, receive the monitoring control instruction signals S34 and S36 of the battery cell 5, and the monitoring control result signal S35 of the battery cell 5 and Send S37. The supervisory control instruction signals S34 and S36 include, in addition to the measurement content and measurement timing of each battery cell 5, information on the wireless communication timing of each slave management device 28 and the frequency channel used for wireless communication. The supervisory control result signals S35 and S37 include the measurement results of the respective battery cells 5 and information on the reception state of the supervisory control instruction signals S34 and S36.

  The received information of the monitor control instruction signals S34 and S36 is transmitted to the control unit 29, and the battery cell monitor control unit 6 monitors and controls the battery cell 5. The measurement timing and the wireless communication timing are managed by the control unit 29 using the timer 10. The measurement content, the frequency channel used for wireless communication, and the information of the monitoring control result are managed by the control unit 29 using the recording unit 11.

  The master management device 26 includes a control unit 34, wireless communication units 35 and 36, antennas 37 and 38, a timer 15, and a recording unit 16.

  The wireless communication units 35 and 36 communicate wirelessly with the slave management devices 28 via the antennas 37 and 38, respectively, and transmit monitoring control instruction signals S34 and S36 of the battery cell 5, and monitoring control result signal S35 of the battery cell 5. And receive S37. The information of the received supervisory control result signals S35 and S37 is transmitted to the control unit 34, and the control unit 34 manages the state of all the battery cells 5 and the communication quality with all the slave management devices 28. The measurement timing and the wireless communication timing are managed by the control unit 34 using the timer 15. The measurement content and the measurement results, and the reception state of the monitor control instruction signals S34 and S36 are managed by the recording unit 16. In addition, the control unit 34 also acquires information on the reception state of the supervisory control result signals S35 and S37 from the wireless communication units 35 and 36, and manages the information using the recording unit 16.

  The control unit 34 manages the communication quality with each slave management device 28 for each frequency channel based on the reception information of the monitor control instruction signals S34 and S36 and the measurement result signals S35 and S37. Then, in order to maintain the communication quality with all slave management devices 28 at a predetermined value or more, the wireless communication timing and frequency channel information included in the monitoring control instruction signals S34 and S36 are updated as necessary, and wireless communication is performed. It is transmitted to all slave management devices 28 via parts 35 and 36.

  When the master management device 26 and the slave management device 28 have a plurality of wireless communication units, respectively, it is possible to execute a plurality of wireless communications simultaneously, so that more reliable wireless communication can be performed.

  FIG. 24 is a communication sequence diagram for describing an operation example of the battery system. In order to describe an operation example of wireless communication using a plurality of wireless communication units 30, 31, 35, 36, battery cell measurement and communication quality management are not shown.

  The master management device 26 transmits the monitoring control instruction signal S34 from the wireless communication unit 35 on the frequency channel ch1. Further, the monitoring control instruction signal S36 is transmitted from the wireless communication unit 36 by the frequency channel ch2. The supervisory control instruction signals S34 and S36 are transmitted from different radio communication units 35 and 36 on different frequency channels. The slave management device 28 receives the monitoring control instruction signal S34 by the wireless communication unit 30. Further, the wireless communication unit 31 receives the monitoring control instruction signal S36. The supervisory control instruction signals S34 and S36 are received by different radio communication units 30 and 31 using different frequency channels. Therefore, it is possible to simultaneously transmit the supervisory control instruction signals S34 and S36. Thus, even if the monitoring control instruction signal is transmitted a plurality of times using different frequency channels, the battery cell monitoring control period can be kept short.

  The slave management device 28 transmits the monitoring control result signal S35 from the wireless communication unit 30 on the frequency channel ch1. Further, the monitoring control result signal S37 is transmitted from the wireless communication unit 31 by the frequency channel ch2. The supervisory control result signals S35 and S37 are transmitted from different radio communication units 30 and 31 on different frequency channels. The master management device 26 receives the monitoring control result signal S35 by the wireless communication unit 35. Also, the wireless communication unit 36 receives the monitoring control result signal S37. The supervisory control result signals S35 and S37 are received by different radio communication units 35 and 36 using different frequency channels. Therefore, the supervisory control result signals S35 and S37 can be transmitted simultaneously. Thus, even if the monitoring control result signal is transmitted a plurality of times using different frequency channels, the battery cell monitoring control period can be kept short.

  Also in the present embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, the second embodiment, and the third embodiment, the monitoring control instruction signal is transmitted a plurality of times using different frequency channels for one wireless communication unit, or the monitoring control result signal Can be transmitted a plurality of times using different frequency channels, or the supervisory control instruction signal and the supervisory control result signal can be transmitted a plurality of times using different frequency channels. In addition, frequency channels can be hopped and used.

  Also in the present embodiment, as in the first, second, and third embodiments, the master management device 26 manages communication quality for each slave management device 28, for each frequency channel, for each hopping pattern, and is provided for each. If it exceeds the threshold, it is determined that the communication quality has deteriorated. Furthermore, in order to control in more detail, communication quality may be managed for each wireless communication unit used for wireless communication.

  Also in the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the second embodiment, and the third embodiment, the change instruction of the frequency channel can be included in the monitoring control instruction signal and transmitted to each slave management device 28. Also, the parameter to be changed when the communication quality is degraded is not limited to the frequency channel, but the number of transmissions of the supervisory control instruction signal or supervisory control result signal may be increased, transmission timing may be shifted, transmission power may be increased, spreading code The error correction code can be lengthened, the modulation scheme can be reduced, and the communication speed can be reduced.

  Also in the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the second embodiment, and the third embodiment, the master management device 26 transmits the monitoring control instruction signals S34 and S36, and then the slave management device 28 executes the battery cell measurement 17. The interference wave investigation can be performed while the communication quality control 18 is being performed by the device itself. Also, after receiving the monitor control instruction signals S34 and S36, the slave management device 28 performs the master while performing the battery cell measurement 17 and while the devices other than the own device transmit the monitor control result signals S35 and S37. While the management device 26 is carrying out the communication quality control 18, an interference wave investigation can be carried out.

  Also in the present embodiment, the battery cell monitoring control cycle can be repeatedly performed as in the first embodiment, the second embodiment, and the third embodiment. The master management unit 26 manages communication quality, and prohibits use of the frequency channel whose communication quality has deteriorated for a certain period. The disabled frequency channel is enabled again after a predetermined period of time has elapsed. Then, the communication quality deterioration determination of the frequency channel is performed, and the frequency channel change algorithm is performed.

  Also in this embodiment, in the frequency channel change algorithm, the frequency channel whose communication quality is deteriorated is changed to the frequency channel whose communication quality is good or the predetermined frequency in the frequency channel change algorithm as in the first embodiment, the second embodiment, and the third embodiment. It is possible to change to a combination of frequency channels separated as described above, or to change to a frequency channel which is the least used among all currently used hopping patterns.

  Also in the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the second embodiment, and the third embodiment, the monitoring control instruction signal can include the measurement content and the measurement timing of the plurality of battery cell measurements.

  Also in the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the second embodiment, and the third embodiment, the slave management apparatus can transmit the monitoring control result signal during the battery cell measurement period.

  As described above, when the configuration of the battery system according to the present embodiment is applied, the battery can be transmitted in a short time by transmitting the monitoring control instruction signal and the monitoring control result signal multiple times and using different frequencies using a plurality of wireless communication units. It becomes possible to reliably transmit the monitoring control instruction signal of the cell to each slave management device and the monitoring control result of each slave management device to the master management device. As a result, each battery cell can be simultaneously measured in a short cycle, and the monitoring control results of each battery cell can be collected without missing, and the variation in the battery state of each battery cell can be grasped.

  Moreover, it becomes possible to measure each battery cell simultaneously with high simultaneousness by instructing measurement timing by the time difference between the monitoring control instruction signal and the battery cell measurement.

  In addition, by conducting surveys of disturbance waves while radio communication is not being performed, it is possible to detect communication quality deterioration due to disturbance waves more quickly and accurately. As a result, the monitoring control instruction signal of the battery cell can be more reliably transmitted to each slave management device, and the monitoring control result signal of each slave management device can be transmitted to the master management device.

  In addition, when the communication quality of the frequency channel to be used is deteriorated due to the reflected wave or the disturbance wave, it is possible to change to the frequency channel with the good communication quality while continuing the simultaneous measurement of the battery cells. As a result, the monitoring control instruction signal of the battery cell can be more reliably transmitted to each slave management device, and the monitoring control result signal of each slave management device can be transmitted to the master management device.

  In addition, when the communication quality of the frequency channel to be used is degraded, by changing to a frequency channel separated by a predetermined frequency or more, it is possible to maintain tolerance to an interference wave that may be generated in the future. As a result, the monitoring control instruction signal of the battery cell can be more reliably transmitted to each slave management device, and the monitoring control result signal of each slave management device can be transmitted to the master management device.

  Also, when the communication quality of the frequency channel to be used is degraded, the number of transmissions of the supervisory control instruction signal and the supervisory control result signal may be increased, transmission timing may be shifted, transmission power may be increased, and spreading code and error correction code may be long. And it is possible to lower the modulation scheme and lower the communication speed. As a result, the monitoring control instruction signal of the battery cell can be more reliably transmitted to each slave management device, and the monitoring control result signal of each slave management device can be transmitted to the master management device.

  Further, by carrying out frequency channel hopping together, the monitoring control instruction signal of the battery cell is more reliably transmitted to each slave management device, and the monitoring control result signal of each slave management device is transmitted to the master management device. Becomes possible.

  In addition, when the communication quality of the frequency channel used in a certain hopping pattern is degraded, it is possible to prevent the hopping pattern from being biased to a specific frequency channel by changing the frequency channel to a less used frequency channel. As a result, the monitoring control instruction signal of the battery cell can be more reliably transmitted to each slave management device, and the monitoring control result signal of each slave management device can be transmitted to the master management device.

  Also, in frequency quality control of channel quality, frequency channels with degraded communication quality are prohibited for a certain period of time, and after a certain period of time, usable frequencies can be used by erasing old communication quality information and making it available again. It becomes possible to prevent the channel from being exhausted. As a result, the monitoring control instruction signal of the battery cell can be more reliably transmitted to each slave management device, and the monitoring control result signal of each slave management device can be transmitted to the master management device.

  In addition, by including a plurality of battery cell measurement contents and measurement timings in one monitoring control instruction signal, the number of wireless communication can be reduced, and monitoring and control of the battery cell can be performed in a shorter cycle.

  Also, by making the monitoring control result signal overlap the transmission period of the monitoring control result signal and the battery cell measurement period, and including the battery cell measurement result of the previous cycle in the monitoring control result signal, monitoring control of the battery cell can be performed in a shorter cycle. .

  Moreover, it is also possible to implement combining with Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3.

  The present invention can be applied to a battery system that monitors and controls a plurality of batteries.

1, 25 battery system 2, 26 master management device 3, 27 battery module 4, 28 slave management device 5 battery cell 6 battery cell monitoring control unit 7, 12, 29, 34 control unit 8, 13, 30, 31, 35, 36 wireless communication unit 9, 14, 32, 32, 33, 37, 38 antenna 10, 15 timer 11, 16 recording unit 17, 21, 22, 23, 24 battery cell measurement 18 communication quality control 19, 20 interference wave investigation s1, s3 , S4, s5, s6, s7, s8, s9, s10, s11, s13, s15, s21, s23, s26, s28, s30, s32, s34, s36 supervisory control instruction signals s2, s12, s14, s16, s17, s18, s19, s20, s22, s25, s27, s29, s31, s33, s35, s37 supervisory control result signal

Claims (14)

A battery system comprising: a plurality of battery modules; and a master management device monitoring and controlling the battery modules,
The battery module includes one or more batteries, and a slave management device that monitors and controls the batteries and wirelessly communicates with the master management device.
The master management device and the slave management device communicate wirelessly at a predetermined timing using a predetermined frequency channel,
The master management device transmits a monitoring control instruction signal including at least the monitoring control content of the battery and information on the monitoring control timing to the slave management devices of the plurality of battery modules multiple times using different frequency channels. ,
Each of the monitoring control instruction signals transmitted to the slave management apparatus using the different frequency channel a plurality of times, the information regarding the monitoring control timing, the communication timing of the monitoring control instruction signal, and the monitoring control of the battery It is a signal that contains information about the time difference of the timing to start the content,
A battery system, wherein each of the slave management devices starts monitoring and controlling the batteries substantially simultaneously with respect to the respective batteries based on information of the monitoring control instruction signal. In the battery system according to claim 1, further,
Each of the slave management devices transmits, to the master management device, a monitoring control result signal including information on a monitoring control result of the battery and information on a reception state of the monitoring control instruction signal.
The master management device is configured to communicate wirelessly with the slave management device based on the information on the reception state of the monitoring control instruction signal acquired from the slave management device and / or the information on the reception state of the monitoring control result signal. Manage information,
The master management apparatus determines deterioration of wireless communication quality with the slave management apparatus based on the wireless communication quality information, and when deterioration of the wireless communication quality occurs, wireless communication with the slave management apparatus A battery system characterized by changing a frequency channel used for In the battery system according to claim 1,
A battery system characterized in that the content of monitoring control of the battery is any of voltage and temperature of the battery, charge and discharge current, internal resistance, residual charge amount, ID, presence or absence of malfunction, and degree of deterioration. In the battery system according to claim 2,
Information regarding the reception state of the supervisory control instruction signal or the supervisory control result signal may be any of the number of reception failures due to no signal detection or data error, the number of successful receptions due to no data error or error correction, reception signal strength, interference wave detection frequency A battery system characterized by including information on In the battery system according to claim 2,
The wireless communication quality information includes the number of reception failures of the monitoring control instruction signal and the reception signal strength, the number of reception failures of the monitoring control result signal and the reception signal strength, the number of interference wave detections by the master management apparatus, the slave management apparatus A battery system characterized by including information on any of the number of disturbance wave detections. In the battery system according to claim 2,
A battery system, wherein a frequency channel used for wireless communication with the slave management device, which is changed by the master management device, is separated from at least one other frequency channel by a predetermined frequency or more. In the battery system according to claim 2,
The master management apparatus is configured to use a signal used for wireless communication with the slave management apparatus in place of changing a plurality of frequency channels used for wireless communication or when a degradation of the wireless communication quality occurs. In addition to the change, it is characterized in that the number of transmissions is increased, the transmission timing is shifted, the transmission power is increased, the spreading code and the error correction code are lengthened, the modulation scheme is lowered, and the communication speed is lowered. Battery system. In the battery system according to claim 1,
A battery system characterized by performing frequency channel hopping in wireless communication between the master management device and the slave management device. In the battery system according to claim 8,
The battery management system, wherein the master management device changes a frequency channel used for the frequency channel hopping to a frequency channel used at a predetermined frequency or less when deterioration of wireless communication quality occurs. In the battery system according to claim 1,
The master management apparatus prohibits the use of the frequency channel in which the deterioration of the wireless communication quality occurs until the predetermined condition is satisfied, and relates to the wireless communication quality of the frequency channel which is prohibited when the predetermined condition is satisfied. A battery system characterized by erasing information and making it usable. In the battery system according to claim 1,
The master management device includes a plurality of wireless communication units, the slave management device includes a plurality of wireless communication units, and the master management device and the slave management device use the plurality of wireless communication units to perform a plurality of times. A battery system characterized by implementing wireless communication using different frequency channels at overlapping communication timings. In the battery system according to claim 1, further,
Each of the slave management devices transmits a monitoring control result signal including at least information on monitoring and control results of the state of the battery to the master management device a plurality of times using different frequency channels. . A battery system comprising: a plurality of battery modules; and a master management device monitoring and controlling the battery modules,
The battery module includes one or more batteries, and a slave management device that monitors and controls the batteries and wirelessly communicates with the master management device.
The master management device and the slave management device communicate wirelessly at a predetermined timing using a predetermined frequency channel,
The master management device transmits a monitoring control instruction signal including at least the monitoring control content of the battery and information on the monitoring control timing to the slave management devices of the plurality of battery modules multiple times using different frequency channels. ,
The monitoring control instruction signal, which is transmitted to the slave management apparatus a plurality of times using different frequency channels, includes the communication timing of the monitoring control instruction signal and the monitoring control content of the battery. It is a signal that contains information about the time difference between the start timings,
Each of the slave management devices starts monitoring control of the battery substantially simultaneously based on the information of the monitoring control instruction signal,
Each of the slave management devices transmits a monitoring control result signal including at least information on monitoring and control results of the state of the battery to the master management device a plurality of times using different frequency channels. . In the battery system according to claim 13, further,
The supervisory control result signal includes information on the reception state of the supervisory control instruction signal,
The master management device is configured to receive the slave management device based on one or both of information on the reception state of the monitoring control instruction signal acquired from the slave management device and information on the reception state of the monitoring control result signal. Manage wireless communication quality information of
The master management apparatus determines deterioration of wireless communication quality with the slave management apparatus based on the wireless communication quality information, and when deterioration of the wireless communication quality occurs, wireless communication with the slave management apparatus A battery system characterized by changing a frequency channel used for

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