JP6513010B2 - Cooling system using a snow room - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a cooling system using snow stored in winter as a cold source in summer, and to a cooling system using a snow room having a function of supplying cold heat stably with a large cold output.

Conventionally, cooling that stores snow that fell in winter in a snow room, takes out latent heat of melting from snow in summer, exchanges heat with water as a cold source, and uses the heat-exchanged water for air conditioning of cold demand facilities etc. The method is adopted.
In this method, heat exchange between snow and water takes the floor surface of the snow chamber as a water storage pit, flows the water to the floor surface where snow is deposited, and the water in contact with the snow melts the snow and absorbs the cold heat of the snow It is done by doing.
Then, the cold water, which has become a low temperature by this heat exchange, is sent to the air conditioning system etc. to be used, and the water returned by being used by the air conditioning system etc. to warm and return is sent to the floor surface of the snow room. It exchanges heat with indoor snow.
For example, a header is provided along the wall surface on the upstream side of the snow chamber, and air conditioning return chilled water is supplied from a plurality of supply ports extending from the header, and valves are provided at the supply ports to equalize the amount of water supplied from each supply port. By providing the water, the water supply is carried out with a uniform amount of water in the lateral direction, and the variation in the melting rate of the snow in the lateral direction is suppressed, and the cold heat output is stabilized (Patent Document 1).
In addition, pits and weirs are constructed on the floor surface on the downstream side of the snow room, and cold water cooled at low temperature is taken out from the pits and weirs (Patent Document 2).
However, in this prior art, it is necessary to install a header or a valve to construct a cold energy output to feed cold water with air conditioning return water, or to construct a pit or a weir to take out cold water having a low temperature. There is a problem that it costs construction cost.
In addition, when water is supplied to the water storage pit of the snow chamber, a water channel is formed at the outer edge or inside of the stored snow, and the water channel expands as the melting progresses, especially contacting the snow in the corner area of the floor of the snow chamber. As a result, the proportion of water not contributing to heat exchange (dead water area) increases, and there is a problem that a constant heat exchange is not performed and the heat exchange rate and the cold heat output decrease.
In addition, the temperature difference between the upstream snow and the cold water is larger than the temperature difference between the downstream snow and the cold water, and the heat output exchanged with the upstream snow is exchanged with the downstream snow. Because it is greater than the heat output, the upstream snow melt rate is greater than the downstream snow melt rate. As a result, there is a problem that snow remains only at the downstream side at the end of cooling, and the cold heat output becomes unstable.
Therefore, in order to solve this problem, a plurality of grooves are constructed on the floor surface of the water storage pit in the snow room to form a plurality of water channels, thereby securing the contact area (heat exchange area) of snow and water. A snow cold heat storage tank exists to maintain high cold heat output (Patent Document 3).
However, with these conventional techniques, it is necessary to provide a header or a valve, to construct a pit or a ridge, to construct a plurality of grooves, and the construction cost is high. There remains a problem of becoming unstable.

JP, 2015-132423, A Patent 4650857 gazette Patent No. 4577705 gazette

The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems, and uses snow stored in winter as a cold heat source for water heat exchange in summer, and has a stable cold heat supply function with high cold heat output. The purpose is to provide cooling equipment using a snow room, and to supply cooling water with air conditioning return cost which is expensive to install, in order to stabilize the cold energy output, a header or a valve is provided, or cold water which has a low temperature is taken out. It is an object of the present invention to provide a cooling system using a snow room that does not require the construction of pits or weirs.
In addition, by forcibly forming a large number of flow channels on the floor surface of the snow chamber storing snow, expansion of the heat transfer area and stabilization of the melting rate are realized, and improvement and stabilization of cold heat output are possible. It is an object of the present invention to provide a cooling system using a snow room.

The present inventors solved the above-mentioned subject by the following means.
(1) A snow chamber provided with at least one return water supply port on the upstream side, and at least one cold water outlet that is cooled by heat exchange on the downstream side to a position diagonally from this supply port In the cooling system used,
On the snow room floor surface extending from the supply port to the outlet, contact is made with water flowing from the supply port toward the outlet to melt the snow island formed on the upstream side and the snow island formed on the downstream side A cooling system using a snow chamber characterized by providing a radial water channel from the outlet to the supply port centering on the outlet so that the time is the same.
(2) A snow chamber provided with at least one return water supply port on the upstream side, and at least one cold water outlet which is cooled by heat exchange on the downstream side at a position diagonally from this supply port In the cooling system used,
On the snow room floor surface extending from the supply port to the outlet, contact is made with water flowing from the supply port toward the outlet to melt the snow island formed on the upstream side and the snow island formed on the downstream side A cooling system using a snow room characterized by providing a radial water channel network from the outlet to the supply port centering on the outlet so that the time is the same.
(3) The water channel network is composed of a plurality of radial radial channels going from the outlet to the supply port centering on the outlet and a plurality of circumferential channels crossing the radial channel. The cooling installation using the snow room according to the above (2), which is characterized by the above.
(4) Divided by a plurality of radial radial channels going from the outlet to the supply port centering on the outlet constituting the channel network, and a plurality of circumferential channels intersecting the radial channel The cooling installation using the snow room according to the above (2), wherein the bottom area of the formed snow island is reduced toward the outlet.
(5) The water channel network is formed of a space formed by laying a metal rod on the floor surface of a snow chamber and a water channel is formed, and snow is brought into contact with the metal rod and melted to form a water channel A cooling installation using the snow chamber according to any one of the above (2) to (4), characterized in that

（７）上流側に還り水の供給口を少なくとも一箇所備えるとともに、この供給口から対角線上の位置に下流側に熱交換されて冷却された冷水の取出口を少なくとも一箇所備えた雪室を用いた冷房設備において、
前記供給口から前記取出口に至る雪室床面に、供給口から取出口に向かって流れる水との接触によって、取出口を中心として該取出口から供給口に向かう放射状の水路を設け、下記の条件式（６）及び式（７）を満足する最小のｍを、放射状の径方向の水路の本数ｍとしたことを特徴とする雪室を用いた冷房設備。

(6) The floor area of the snow room used for cooling equipment, the number of meters of a plurality of radial radial channels going from the outlet to the supply port centering on the outlet constituting the water channel network, of the snow to be stored In order to obtain based on the height and the temperature of the return water supplied from the upstream side of the snow floor and the temperature to be taken out,
In accordance with the shape of the floor of the snow chamber, m radial channels are defined, and n circumferential channels crossing the radial channel are determined, and the radial channel angle Φ and adjacent channels Step 1 of determining the angle θ formed by the radial water channel and the width d of the water channel;
The distance between the water channels in the circumferential direction is L ₁ (the distance between the water channels n ₁ and n _{2 in} the arc shape), L ₂ (arc shape) from the widest circular arc channel on the most upstream to the downstream circular arc channel spacing waterways n ₂ and n ₃₎ and · · L _{n-1 (arc-shaped} waterway n-1 and n intervals), as the same distance between the respective water channel, the necessary radial the number m of the channel Step 2 determined by the equations (1) to (3);
The distance between each water channel which is optimal so that the distance between L ₁ and L ₂ · · L _n-1 between arc shaped water channels is made different so that the melting time of each snow island is the same can be expressed by Step 3 to obtain from 5),
From the above, using the spacing (L ₁ , L ₂ ,... L _n-1 ) between the optimized arc-shaped water channels thus determined, it is verified whether the condition of the above equation (3) is satisfied or not If the condition of the equation (3) is satisfied, the interval between the arc-like water channels is determined, and if the condition of the equation (3) is not satisfied, the number m of water channels in the radial direction is increased By optimizing the distance between the waterways of the above and verifying that the condition of the above equation (3) is satisfied, it is repeated until the condition of the above equation (3) is satisfied. Calculating the minimum number of water channels in the radial direction and the distance between the water channels in each circumferential direction (L ₁ , L ₂ · · · L _{n -1} ) so as to reduce the melting time difference between It is a water channel network which consists of a water channel of a circumferential direction, Any one of the said (2)-(5) characterized by the above-mentioned. Cooling equipment with Snow.

(7) A snow chamber provided with at least one return water supply port on the upstream side, and at least one cold water outlet that is cooled by heat exchange on the downstream side at a position diagonally from this supply port In the cooling system used,
A radial channel extending from the outlet to the outlet is provided on the floor of the snow chamber from the inlet to the outlet by contact with water flowing from the outlet to the outlet, A cooling installation using a snow chamber, wherein the minimum m satisfying the conditional expressions (6) and (7) is the number m of radial radial water channels.

According to the present invention, at least one return water supply port is provided on the upstream side, and at least one cold water extraction port cooled and heat-exchanged downstream on the diagonal side from the supply port is provided. In the cooling system using a snow room,
On the snow room floor surface extending from the supply port to the outlet, contact is made with water flowing from the supply port toward the outlet to melt the snow island formed on the upstream side and the snow island formed on the downstream side A plurality of radial channels and channel networks from the outlet to the outlet are provided around the outlet so that the time is the same, so expansion of the heat transfer area and stabilization of the melting rate are realized, and the cooling energy is achieved. It is possible to provide a cooling system using a snow room that can improve and stabilize the output.
In addition, the water channel network is composed of a plurality of radial radial channels going from the outlet to the supply port centering on the outlet and a plurality of circumferential channels intersecting the radial channel. Because of the cold water flowing through the waterway network supplied from the supply port, when the snow island in the snow room becomes fan-shaped, the waterway width widens and the water level difference almost disappears, and the speed of the cold water becomes moderate. And, since the temperature difference between the cold water and the snow does not change so much in the arc part of the fan, the cooling using the snow room which makes it possible to improve and stabilize the cold heat output by suppressing the circumferential variation of the melting speed of snow. Equipment can be provided.
Moreover, while the water channel is formed by the space formed by laying the metal rod on the floor surface of the snow chamber, the water channel is formed, and snow is brought into contact with the metal rod and melted to form the water channel. No need for extensive construction work or design changes, and it can be easily and inexpensively installed in existing snow rooms as well as in new snow rooms. Furthermore, the opening of the outlet pipe is exposed in one corner. In addition, since a simple configuration is sufficient to allow the opening of the inlet pipe to face the other corner, it is possible to provide a cooling system using a snow room that does not require the construction of a header, a valve, a pit or a weir.

It is the schematic which shows the structure of the cooling installation using the snow room of this invention. It is a top view which shows one example which forms a radial water channel in the snow room floor surface of the cooling installation in this invention. It is a figure which shows the change over the storage period of the cooling load in the snow room in this invention, and the required cooling load of the snow. It is a figure which shows the change of the thermal load integration of a snow room, cooling load integration, and the accumulation amount in the storage period of cooling installation snow of load total. It is a top view for demonstrating the difference in the heat exchange capacity of the snowy island in this invention, and the conventional snowy island. It is an elevation for demonstrating the difference of the heat exchange capacity of the snowy island in this invention, and the conventional snowy island. It is a top view which shows the example of the snowy island formed of the waterway network in this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the example of one snow island formed of the waterway network in this invention. It is a top view which shows melting of the snow island of the cooling start initial stage and cooling load maximum stage in the example of the snow island formed of the waterway network in this invention. It is a figure showing the temperature change of the water which flows through the snowy island formed of the waterway network in this invention. It is explanatory drawing which calculates | requires the number of the water channels of the horizontal direction, and the space | interval between water channels of the vertical direction in the case of forming a grid-like water channel network on the snow room floor surface of this invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the configuration of a cooling system using a snow chamber of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a snow room for storing snow which fell in winter, 2 is a floor surface of the snow room, 3 is a supply port of return water from the heat exchanger, 4 is supplied and cooled in the snow room 1 It is provided at a diagonal position from the supply port 3 at the water outlet.
The basic configuration of a cooling system using a snow chamber according to the present invention is, as shown in FIG. 1, that the return water supplied from the supply port 3 provided on the upstream side of the snow chamber 1 is snow within the snow chamber 1. After being cooled by heat exchange with the above, it turns into cold water and is taken out from the outlet 4 provided on the downstream side. The cold water extracted from the outlet 4 is sent to a heat exchanger, and is heat-exchanged with a refrigerant such as an air conditioning system of a cold energy demand facility to be utilized as a cold heat source such as cooling of the cold energy demand facility.
Then, the water warmed by the heat exchange in the heat exchanger is sent as the return water to the supply port 3 of the snow chamber 1, and is cooled again by the heat exchange with the snow in the snow chamber 1. It becomes a mechanism which cools by circulation of the water taken out.
In the example shown in FIG. 1, the water supplied from the supply port 3 of the snow chamber 1 is cooled to 5 ° C. by heat exchange with the snow, sent to the heat exchanger, and heat-exchanged in the heat exchanger 7 The refrigerant of ° C. is supplied to the air conditioning system of the cold energy demand facility and the like. And the refrigerant | coolant used by this air-conditioning system etc. and temperature became 12 degreeC is sent to a heat exchanger.
Thereafter, the return water adjusted to 10 ° C. by the heat exchanger is supplied from the supply port 3 of the snow chamber 1 to the snow chamber 1, and the return water contacts the snow to melt the snow, and the return water is snow It absorbs the cold heat and is cooled, and it becomes cold water of about 5 ° C. Then, the cold water is taken out from the outlet 4 and sent to the heat exchanger again.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an example in which radial water channels are formed on the snow room floor of the cooling system in the present invention.
In the figure, 5 is a waterway network formed radially, 5 'is a waterway network structure forming the waterway network, 6 is a radial radial waterway from the outlet 4 toward the supply port 3 around the outlet 4 , 7 is a circumferential water channel that intersects the radial water channel 6.
Further, reference numeral 8 denotes radially disposed rods constituting the radial water channel network 5, and reference numeral 9 denotes circumferentially disposed rods intersecting the radially disposed rods 8.
In the cooling system using the snow chamber of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2A, the water channel network 5 is radially formed from the outlet 4 toward the supply port 3 on the floor surface of the snow chamber.
In the present invention, the waterway network 5 prevents irregular melting of snow by drifting water, induces the flow of water, promotes melting of snow at a predetermined position, and stabilizes heat exchange between water and snow. In order to be implemented.
That is, the water channel network 5 may be any type that can guide the flow of water, and is formed by forming a water channel concavely in advance on the floor surface 2 of the snow chamber, or by laying a rod having a high thermal conductivity. It is conceivable.
FIG. 2 (b) shows a water channel structure 5 formed of metal radial radially arranged rods 8 and circumferentially arranged rods 9 intersecting the radially arranged rods 8 '.
In the present embodiment, the water channel network construction 5 'formed by the water channel network 5 is configured by laying a metal rod on the floor surface 2 of the snow chamber. A water channel is formed by the space created by laying a metal rod on the floor of a snow chamber, and snow is brought into contact with the metal rod and melted to form a water channel around the metal rod. And the water channel network 5 is formed. This is because the metal rod easily promotes the melting of the snow because it is excellent in thermal conductivity, and is suitable for the formation of the water channel, but the same effect can be expected if it can be expected. It is not something to be done.
By arranging the radially formed water channel network structure 5 'on the floor surface of the snow chamber, the snow in contact with the rods 8 and 9 preferentially melts, and a water channel is formed around the rod body. The remaining snow forms a snow island, whereby a plurality of snow islands are formed radially arranged on the floor surface 2 of the snow chamber.
And the water channels 6 and 7 are formed along each stick | rod located in the edge part of each snow island, and it is the structure which the water channel network 5 can be made.
As shown in FIG. 2 (b), radial radial rods (bars 8) arranged to form the water channel network 5 on the floor surface 2 of the snow chamber are around the floor surface 2 of the snow chamber. Can be omitted.
This is because the circumference of the floor 2 of the snow chamber faces the wall, and the latent heat from the wall constitutes a water channel, but if the latent heat from the wall can not be expected, It is desirable to arrange a rod around the floor 2.
Further, in the present embodiment, the water channels 6 and the rods 8 in the radial direction are arranged and configured at the same angle, and the water channels 7 and the rods 9 in the circumferential direction are arranged and configured with different arrangement intervals in each radial direction.
Thereby, as described later, the snow stored in the snow chamber 1 forms a plurality of snow islands having different bottom areas, and the bottom areas thereof decrease from the supply port 3 toward the outlet 4 so that the supply ports The cold heat output fluctuating due to the temperature change of water changing from 3 to the outlet 4 can be stabilized, a plurality of snow islands can be averaged and melted, and the melting portion is biased to the supply port 3 As a result, the entire heat transfer area is expanded without reducing the heat transfer area.

FIG. 3 is a view showing the change of the cooling load in the snow room 1 and the required cooling load during storage of snow according to the present invention.
In the figure, the horizontal axis is the storage period of snow, and the vertical axis is the heat load q (J / s).
Since qL is a heat load, for example, heat flows from the outside of the snow chamber 1 and flows through it, the load is generated from about April, and the peak becomes about August and occurs until about October.
On the other hand, qc is a cooling load, which indicates the amount of demand for cooling. The cooling demand, for example, occurs from around June, and has the property of increasing as the outside air temperature rises. The peak value qc-max is around mid August.
Therefore, it is necessary to set the floor area of the snow chamber 1 so as to correspond to the peak value qc-max and store the necessary amount of snow.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing changes in the thermal load integration of the snow room, the cooling load integration, and the integrated amount during storage period of the cooling facility snow of the total load.
In the figure, the horizontal axis indicates the storage period of snow, and the vertical axis indicates the integrated heat quantity Q (J).
QL, Qc, and Qsum show the integrated values of thermal load qL, cooling load qc, and total load qL + qc shown in FIG. 3, respectively. QL is the integrated value of cooling heat load in the snow room. Slowly from April Is rising. Qc is the integrated value of the cooling load, which suddenly increases from June and rises slowly in the second half.
Qsum (dotted line) is the sum of QL and Qc, and is the total of the heat load on the snow chamber 1. Therefore, the amount (Ms) of snow to be stored is determined so as to correspond to this Qsum, for example, the amount of snow where 1.2 to 1.3 times as much accumulated cold energy Q as Qsum (total heat load) is secured. Design the snow chamber 1 so that it can be stored.

FIG. 5 is a plan view for explaining the difference in heat exchange capacity between the snowy island of the present invention and the conventional snowy island, and FIG. 6 explains the difference between the heat exchange capabilities of the snowy island and the conventional snowy island according to the present invention. Is an elevation view of
In FIGS. 5 and 6, (a) is an example of the shape of the snow island 21 formed when the radial water channel network in the present invention is disposed on the floor surface 2 of the snow chamber, and (b) is a conventional example. The typical shape of the snow island 22 in a snow room is shown. In each of the snow islands 21 and 22, the portion immersed in water at the lower part of the snow island shown in FIG. 6 is a heat transfer area 10 (heat exchange area), which is related to the magnitude of heat exchange capacity.
As shown in FIGS. 5 (b) and 6 (b), the conventional snow island 22 is formed as one large block, and the area of the portion immersed in water is narrow.
On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 6 (a), the snow island 21 according to the present invention includes a plurality of radial radial water channels 6 and a plurality of circumferential water channels 7 orthogonal thereto. It is divided and formed. Therefore, all the parts immersed in water in the lower part of the outer periphery of the plurality of snow islands 21 have a heat transfer area 10, which is wider than the heat transfer area of the conventional snow island 22 and the heat exchange of the entire snow room 1 I am increasing my ability.

7 and 8 are a plan view showing the arrangement of the snow islands 21 formed by the water channel network in the present invention, and a perspective view showing the shape of one snow island.
As shown in FIG. 7 (a), four radial channels 6 (m ₁ , m ₂ , m ₃ , m ₄ ) with a width angle Φ on the floor surface 2 of the snow chamber are similarly set from the width d Three water channels 7 in the circumferential direction (from the upstream side, n ₁ , n ₂ , n ₃ ), and in the water channels 7 in the circumferential direction, the distance between n ₁ and n ₂ is L 1, the distance between n ₂ and n 3 L2, and the distance between n3 and outlet 4 for laying as L3, _{m 1} and _m 2, _{m 2} and _m 3 in the radial direction of the channel 6, _{m 3} and _{m 4} are the circumferential direction of the channel _n 1, _{n 2} , N ₃ to form three columns in the radial direction and three rows in the circumferential direction.
7 (b) is a diagram showing a Yukishima formed by the FIG 7 (a), and m ₁ and m ₂ in the radial direction of the water channel 6.
As shown in the drawing, three snow islands indicated by A ₁ , A ₂ and A ₃ are formed in a line in the radial direction from the upstream side. The area of each snow island is different from that of snow island A ₁ from a ₁ , from snow island A ₂ to a ₂ , and from snow island A ₃ to a ₃ .
Assuming that the angle of the width of the snow island A _{1 to} A ₃ is θ, the angle of the width of the radial water channel 6 is Φ, and the width of the arcuate water channel 7 is d, m ₁ and m ₂ of the radial water channel 6 The angle (θ + Φ) between the center lines of the adjacent water channels 6 is 90 / (m−1). Here, if m = 4, the angle (θ + Φ) between the center lines of the adjacent water channels 6 is 30 °.
Here, the upstream side in the depth of Yukishima _{A 1} to W1a, downstream side in the depth of Yukishima the W1b _{A 1,} the upstream side in the depth of the W2a Yukishima _{A 2,} the depth of the downstream side of Yukishima _{A 2} and W2b , upstream of the depth of Yukishima _{a 3} and W3a, distance downstream side in the depth of Yukishima _{a 3} and W3b, spacing of _{L 1} and waterways _{n 1} and _{n 2,} the _{L 2} and waterways _{n 2} and _{n 3} , L ₃ distance between the channel n ₃ and the outlet 4, L ₁ 'the radial width of Snow Island A ₁ , L ₂ ' the radial width of Snow Island A ₂ , L ₃ 'Snow Island A ₃ radial width, the radial thermal conductivity of Yukishima _a 1 to a ₃ to .alpha.w, circumferential direction of the heat conductivity of Yukishima _a 1 to a ₃ to .alpha.L, Yukishima _a 1 to a to H ' ₃ of height, the height of the portion immersed the h at the bottom of the water Yukishima a ₁ to a _3.

In addition, although the width of the water channel in the radial direction and the width of the water channel in the circumferential direction expand and melt the snow island at the time when the outside air temperature becomes high, the calculation for the actual configuration meets the cooling demand at the peak It is sufficient to calculate the width of the water channel at peak time, considering that it is sufficient.
Assuming that the total heat load up to the peak time is Qsum-t, and the total heat load necessary for melting almost all of the snow islands is Qsum, Qsum-t: Qsum = the peak of already melted snow at the peak time Area: The floor area of the snow room. From this proportional relationship, Φ and d are obtained. As described above, since the width of the water channel does not change so much in the radial direction or the circumferential direction, the average of the width of the water channel in the radial direction and the width of the water channel in the circumferential direction may be substantially the same.
FIG. 9 is a plan view showing the melting of the snow island at the cooling start initial stage and the cooling load maximum stage in the example of the snow island formed by the water channel network in the present invention; The figure (b) in the figure is a figure through which the cold water from the upstream to the downstream of a cooling load maximum period flows.
In the figure, a to e are snow islands formed by radial radial water channels 6 and circumferential water channels 7 intersecting the radial water channels, and F is the above-mentioned snow island and return water supply port. It is a snowy island formed between the
As shown in FIG. 6A, in the initial stage of the cooling operation start, the gap through which the cold water flows is narrow, the flow velocity is fast, and the heat transfer coefficient is particularly large. In addition, Snow Island F, which is located upstream of cold water being distributed, may have a relatively high surrounding flow velocity, and melting may proceed initially.
Then, as shown in FIG. 7B, the snow island F disappears in the middle period when the cooling load is maximum. Further, at this time, the water channels 6, 7 are sufficiently expanded, the flow velocity is particularly small and the influence of natural convection is large, and the heat transfer coefficient of the snow island and the water is constant throughout.
And FIG. 10 represents the temperature change of the water which flows from the supply port 3 of the upstream toward the outlet 4 of the downstream on the floor surface 2 of the snow room on the conditions shown in FIG. 7, and a horizontal axis is distance from the upstream side to the downstream side, the vertical axis represents the temperature of the water, T1 is the temperature of went back water supplied to the supply port 3, T2 is the temperature of the water flowing between the Yukishima a ₁ and a ₂ , T3 is Yukishima a ₂ and the temperature of the flow water between a _3, the temperature of the water T4 is taken out from the outlet 4, Ts is the temperature of the snow.
In the figure, when the temperature of the return water supplied to the supply port 3 is 10 ° C., the water flowing through the floor surface 2 of the snow chamber gradually decreases its temperature exponentially due to heat exchange with the snow, and the outlet It turns out that it will be about 5 ° C at 4.
The temperature of water flowing from the supply port 3 to the extraction port 4 can be calculated by the following equation (1).

  Here, the position on the most upstream side of the water channel in the radial direction is set as the origin, and according to the equation of temperature change of fluid described in “JSME Text Heat Transfer Engineering Japan Ed. [Beta] was obtained by substituting the water temperature Tin (= 10 ° C.) at that time and the water temperature Tout (= 5 ° C.) at the most downstream position (the cold water outlet 4) x = 10 [m] .

The heat output q exchanged between water and snow in each of the snow islands A _{1 to} An can be determined using the temperature of water calculated from the equation (1).
Here the number of snow island is formed on the downstream side is n from the upstream side, A _1, A 2 and該雪island from the upstream _side, when a · · · An, is heat exchanged in k-th Yukishima A _K The heat output q _k can be calculated by the following equation (2).

Here, the upstream side in the depth of Yukishima _{A k} the WKA, downstream side in the depth of Yukishima _{A k} the WKB, _{L k} arcuate waterway nk and nk + 1 of the radial width, L _'k a Yukishima A _k of radial width, the radial thermal conductivity of Yukishima a _k the .alpha.w, circumferential direction of the thermal conductivity of Yukishima a _k the .alpha.L, H 'the Yukishima a _k height Yukishima the h Let the height of the lower portion of A _k soaked in water, d be the width of the circumferential channel, and the ridge be the angle of the width of the radial channel 6.
Further, [Delta] T the temperature difference between the depth surface of the upstream side of the _k-S the Yukishima _{A k, ΔT k- (k +} 1) a Yukishima _A upstream and log mean temperature difference between the depth surface of the downstream side of the _k, ΔT _{(k + 1 ) -s} to a temperature difference between the depth surface of the downstream side of Yukishima a _k.

For example, using Equation (2), the heat output _{q 1} is heat-exchanged in Yukishima _{A 1} can be calculated by the following equation (2a).

Heat output q ₂ which similarly heat exchange in Yukishima A ₂ can be calculated by the following equation (2b).
Heat output to be exchanged in Yukishima A ₂ (q ₂ )

According to experiments conducted by the inventor, it was found that 2 to 3 m of snow could be melted from the outlet regardless of the angle of the snow island, the angle Φ of the width of the radial water channel, the width d of the water channel and the size of the snow chamber .
Therefore, it is desirable to set the distance between the arc-shaped circumferential water channel provided immediately near the outlet and the outlet at 2 to 3 m.
In addition, although the temperature difference between snow and cold water is small, turbulent flow of cold water in the vertical direction is promoted near the outlet, so the snow melts, so the downstream Snow Island A ₃ is mostly at the peak of (cooling demand) It can be ignored because it is melting or disappearing.

The cooling system using the snow room according to the present invention calculates the total heat exchange quantity possible in the entire snow room 1 from the heat exchange quantity q possessed by All Snow Island obtained by the above equation (2), and is shown in FIG. The water channel network 5 is configured to correspond to the peak value qc-max of the cooling demand. The relationship between the possible total heat exchange amount in the entire snow chamber 1 and the peak value qc-max of the cooling demand is as shown in the following formula (3).

Also, cold _{Q k} with the Yukishima _{A k} is calculated by the following formula (4), the time _{t k} required to melt the Yukishima _{A k} is obtained by the following equation (4).

Here, ρs is the density of snow [kg / m ³ ], and は s is the latent heat of melting of snow [kJ / kg].

Cooling equipment with snow chamber according to the present invention, waterway floor 2 of Snow as differences in melting time t ₁ ~t _n each Yukishima A ₁ to A _n calculated as described above are the same It is formed by laying the net 5.
That is, the snow islands A _{1 to} A _n-1 are in the same time (t ₁ = t 2 = ···· = t _n −1) so that uneven melting does not occur in the snow islands 21 on the upstream side and the downstream side of the snow chamber ₁ A radial water flow network 5 is provided so as to melt, and the intervals L _{1 to} L _n-1 of the water flow channels 7 in the radial direction are optimized to stabilize the cold heat output.
Therefore, in the cooling system using the snow chamber according to the present invention, the number and arrangement intervals of the water channels in the radial direction and the circumferential direction are adjusted so as to constitute the water channel network 5 in order to satisfy the above conditions.

In the following, referring to FIG. 11, the number m of water channels in the radial direction and the number n of water channels in the circumferential direction in the water channel network 5 constructed on the floor 2 of the snow chamber to achieve the object of the present invention An example is shown in which the distance L between waterways of
<Step 1>
Floor area of snow floor 2 used for cooling equipment (vertical and horizontal length a in Fig. 11), height of stored snow, temperature of return water supplied from upstream side of snow floor and temperature taken out Based on the design specification of the snow room which determined, according to the floor surface (longitudinal and horizontal length a) of the snow room, m water channels in the radial direction and the number n of circular water channels in the circumferential direction are determined .
The number of the circular arc-shaped water channels n may be appropriately determined according to the size of the snow chamber etc. For example, if it is decided to be three, the floor surface is a channel in the radial direction and the circumferential direction Divided by the water channel, divisions of 3 rows in the radial direction and 1 row in the circumferential direction are formed, in each area of the division, from the upstream side, Snow Island A ₁ , middle A ₂ , and downstream side Snow Island A ₃ Three snow islands are formed.
The angle of the width of the radial water channel is Φ, the angle of the snow island A _{1 to} A ₃ width (the angle formed by adjacent water channels in the radial direction) is θ, and the width of the circular water channel is d.
Note that d and Φ may be determined so that the average of the width of the water channel in the radial direction and the width d of the water channel in the circumferential direction are substantially the same.
<Step 2>
Next, the distance between the most upstream wide arc channel and the downstream arc channel adjacent to the most upstream channel is L ₁ (distance between arc channels n ₁ and n ₂ ), arc-shaped interval _{L 2} waterways _{n 2} and _{n 3,} arcuate waterways _{n 3} and preparative interval _L 3, _{L 1} 'the Yukishima _{a 1} in the radial direction of the width, _{L 2'} of the outlet 4 Yukishima a Let the radial width of ₂ and L ₃ ′ be the radial width of Snow Island A ₃ . The distance interval L ₃ waterways may be appropriately determined depending on the angle of the snow island θ, but in the degree of distance (example of the present in which the downstream Yukishima melts at peak, 2.5 m Is preferred.
Here, Yukishima A ₃ on the downstream side, since whether or disappear are almost melted during (cooling demand) peaks, it is possible to ignore the L _3, the same as assuming L ₁ and L ₂ Then, the required number m of radial water channels is obtained by the equations (1) to (3).
<Step 3> Step of Optimizing the Distance between Arc-Like Waterways The distances of L ₁ and L ₂ are made different from each other so that the melting times of the respective snow islands become the same, which are obtained from the equations (4) and (5).
<Step 4>
Using the spacing (L ₁ , L ₂ ) between the arc-shaped water channels optimized as described above, it is verified whether the condition of the equation (3) is satisfied, and the condition of the equation (3) is satisfied For example, if the distance between the circular water channels is determined, and the condition of the equation (3) is not satisfied, the number m of water channels in the radial direction is increased to optimize the distance between the circular water channels. Verify that the condition of (3) is satisfied. And it repeats until the conditions of said Formula (3) are satisfy | filled.
By repeating this, the minimum number of water channels in the radial direction and the distance between the water channels in each circumferential direction (L ₁ , L ₂ ) are determined so that the melting time difference between the upstream and downstream snow islands is reduced. Since L ₁ + L ₂ + L ₃ = a and L ₃ is also a fixed value, the sum of L ₁ and L ₂ is constant, and if the value of L ₁ is determined, the value of L ₂ is also uniquely determined.
That is, L ₁ and L ₂ are transferred at appropriate intervals to determine the melting time t ₁ and t _{2 of} the snow island and the variation (standard deviation σ) of the melting time, and L ₁ such that the standard deviation σ becomes the smallest. , L ₂ , it is possible to obtain the distance (L ₁ , L ₂ , L ₃ ) between the water channels where the melting time difference between the upstream snow island and the downstream snow island becomes smaller.
Incidentally, L as _{1, L 2,} Determination of L _3, does not has been exemplified optimizations above-described direct detection limited thereto. Also, L ₁ , L ₂ and L ₃ may be detected such that the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the melting time is minimized.

As a concrete example, the design specification of the snow chamber is 10 m in vertical length a and 10 m in horizontal length b, and the height H 'of snow to be stored is 3 m and snow is stored The angle θ between the side surfaces along the radial direction of the islands A _{1 to} A ₃ is 0.77 [rad] (4.41 °), and the angle Φ of the width of the radial water channel 6 is 0.08 [rad] (4. 58 °), the width d of the arc-shaped water channel 7 is 0.1 m, the height h of the part in contact with the lower part of the snow island is 0.2 m, the heat transfer coefficient α _w of the depth side of the snow island is 227 _W / m Heat transfer coefficient α _L of ² K, length side of snow island 227 W / m ² K, snow density ss 500 kg / m ³ , melting heat of dissolution η s 330 kJ / kg, supply of snow room floor upstream The return water supplied from the mouth is 10 ° C., and the temperature of cold water taken out from the downstream side outlet is 5 ° C.
The number n of water channels in the circumferential direction of the snow chamber is 3, and the number m of water channels in the radial direction is 11 (90 ÷ (4.41 + 4.58) +1). Then, three snow islands A ₁ , A ₂ , and A ₃ are formed by the eleven radial channels m 1 to m 11, the three circumferential channels n _{1 to} n 3, and the outlet. As described above, it is possible to ignore Snow Island A _{3 because} it is very likely to be very small or disappear at the peak time.
According to the above, the distance L between the arc-shaped water channels 7 to be optimized so that the difference between the melting times t ₁ and t ₂ of the respective snow islands A ₁ and A ₂ determined by the equations (1) to (5) becomes smaller _{When 1} and L ₂ are obtained, L ₁ = 2.55 m and L ₂ = 4.95 n (L ₃ = 2.5 m) can be obtained. The formula using the _{L 1} and _{L 2 (1) ~ (2} ), determine the heat exchange with the water in the snow island _(q 1, q _2).
Next, applying the result of heat exchange heat exchange (q ₁ , q ₂ ) to the inequality of equation (3), the total heat output of heat exchange between all the snow islands A ₁ and A ₂ and water (56200 [J / s It can be confirmed that the load at the time of peak cooling can be sufficiently covered by this number of metal rods.
In the above, when the inequality in (3) is not satisfied, the number of radial channels is increased, and the above method is implemented using the increased number of radial channels, and the minimum number of radial channels Find the number of

  Thus, the number of water channels in the radial direction is determined from step 1 above, the distance (length) L between water channels in each circumferential direction is determined from step 2, and the distance L between water channels in each circumferential direction obtained is The number of water channels in the radial direction and the distance between the water channels in each circumferential direction so that the difference in melting time between the upstream and downstream snow islands becomes smaller by verifying whether the conditions of 3) are satisfied or not The distance L is determined, and the radial channel network 5 is formed on the snow floor 2 by the number of channels in the radial direction and the distance between the channels in each circumferential direction calculated from the distance L. It is possible to provide an excellent snow chamber in which the heat exchange capacity from the island to the water is equalized.

In order to form the water channel network 5 as described above, as described with reference to FIG. 2B, the rod 8 made of metal and having the same shape as that of the radial water channel network 5 and the rod 8 By forming the water channel structure 5 'with the rods 9 intersecting with each other and arranging the radially formed water channel structures 5' on the floor surface of the snow chamber, the water channel can be As it is formed, the snow melts along the edge of the snow island bordering each rod 8 and 9 and a water channel can be formed around each rod 8 and 9.
Further, in the above, whether the distance L between the water channels in each circumferential direction is equal and the minimum number of water channels in the radial direction is determined, and whether the calculated distance L between water channels in each circumferential direction satisfies the condition of equation (3) However, as another method, the number of water channels m in the radial direction is appropriately set, and it is verified whether the distance L between the water channels in each radial direction obtained by the number satisfies the above condition, the above condition If the condition is not satisfied, increase the number of water channels in the radial direction until the condition is satisfied to verify whether the condition is satisfied, and if the condition is satisfied, reduce the number of water channels in the direction Whether the condition is satisfied or not is verified, and by this repetition, the minimum number of water channels in the radial direction and the distance between the water channels in each circumferential direction are set so that the melting time difference between the upstream and downstream snow islands is reduced. You can ask for it.
In this embodiment, the water channel structure 5 'is formed by the plurality of radial radial rods 8 and the plurality of circumferential rods 9 orthogonal to the rods 8, and one end of the radial rods 8 is the outlet 4 , And the other end of the radial bar 8 is located around the floor 2 of the snow chamber. However, the other end of the radial bar 8 is located at the most circumferential side bar 9 on the most upstream side. The configuration may be
Further, the plurality of circumferential rods 9 perpendicular to the rod 8 may be omitted, and the other end of the radial rods 8 may be positioned around the floor 2 of the snow chamber. Does not set up a circumferential direction of the rod 9, Yukishima the radius length obtained by subtracting half the waterway d from the length a of the floor surface side, the angle of the fan-shaped angle θ of the width of Yukishima A ₁ Snow Island A ₁ Become one. At this time, in order to satisfy the equation of the relation between the total heat output and the peak value of the cooling demand, the minimum m satisfying the following conditional expressions (6) and (7) is taken as the number m of radial radial water channels Specify.
Heat output to be exchanged in Yukishima A ₁

The relationship between the possible total output in the entire snow room 1 and the peak value qc _-max of the cooling demand is as shown in the following formula (7).
Relationship between total heat power and peak value of cooling system

Find the minimum m that satisfies this expression. The number becomes the number of radial water channels 6.
·here,
w _1: length of the arc of Yukishima _{A 1} alpha _w: Yukishima heat transfer coefficient in the radial direction of _{A 1} alpha _L: Yukishima _{A 1} in the circumferential direction of the heat transfer coefficient ΔT _1-s (the Yukishima _{A 1} Temperature difference of the arc surface = T _in (water temperature of water channel n 1 = temperature of return cold water = 10 ° C)-T _s (temperature of snow island A ₁ = 0 ° C)
ΔT _a−o (log average temperature difference between the arc of the snow island A ₁ and the center) = (ΔT _in −s −ΔT _out −s) / ln (ΔT _in −s / ΔT _out −s) = (T _in −T _{out) / ln (ΔT in-} s / dΔT out-s) = 5 / ln (ΔT in-s / ΔT out-s)
The melting of the snow island formed by the water channel network when the plurality of circumferential rods 9 are omitted will be described. In the early stage of cooling, cold water supplied from the supply port hits the snow on the central side and branches left and right to flow in the radial water channel. Because the speed of cold water flowing near the supply port is high, the heat transfer coefficient is large, and the temperature difference between cold water and snow is also large, so the snow on the central side melts quickly. The cold water branched leftward and rightward falls on the snow next to the snow on the central side and further branches leftward and rightward to flow in the radial water channel. Since the speed of cold water branched left and right becomes slower, the heat transfer coefficient becomes smaller, and the temperature difference between the cold water and the snow becomes smaller, so that the adjacent snow melts slower than the snow on the central side. Thus, the melting of snow slows down from the central side to the corner side. As a result, at the cooling peak, the fan-shaped snow remains.
Thus, the outlet 4 is provided at one corner of the floor surface, the radial rods 8 are radially installed centering on the outlet 4, and the supply port 3 is provided at the other corner. Even if the bar 9 in the circumferential direction is omitted, the snow remains fan-likely due to the difference in the melting speed of the snow, and the configuration can be further simplified. Further, since the radial bar 8 and the circumferential bar 9 do not have to be welded, and it is only necessary to roll and arrange the radial bar 8, the construction can be further simplified.

1: Snow room 2: Floor of snow room 3: Supply port 4: Outlet 5: Waterway network 5: Waterway network component 6: Radial waterway 7: Circumferential waterway 8: Radial bar 9: Bars 10 in the circumferential direction: heat transfer area 21, A ₁ , A ₂ , A ₃ : snow island of the present invention 22: conventional snow island

Claims (7)

Cooling using a snow chamber provided with at least one return water supply port on the upstream side, and at least one cold water outlet that is cooled by heat exchange on the downstream side to a diagonal position from this supply port In the equipment,
On the snow room floor surface extending from the supply port to the outlet, contact is made with water flowing from the supply port toward the outlet to melt the snow island formed on the upstream side and the snow island formed on the downstream side A cooling installation using a snow room characterized by providing a radial water channel from the outlet to the supply port centering on the outlet so that the time is the same. Cooling using a snow chamber provided with at least one return water supply port on the upstream side, and at least one cold water outlet that is cooled by heat exchange on the downstream side to a diagonal position from this supply port In the equipment,
On the snow room floor surface extending from the supply port to the outlet, contact is made with water flowing from the supply port toward the outlet to melt the snow island formed on the upstream side and the snow island formed on the downstream side A cooling system using a snow room characterized by providing a radial water channel network from the outlet to the supply port centering on the outlet so that the time is the same.   The water channel network is characterized by comprising a plurality of radial radial water channels from the outlet toward the supply port centering on the outlet and a plurality of circumferential water channels intersecting the radial channel. The cooling installation using the snow room of Claim 2.   It is divided and formed by a plurality of radial radial channels going from the outlet to the supply port around the outlet constituting the channel network and a plurality of circumferential channels intersecting the radial channel. The cooling installation using a snow room according to claim 2, characterized in that the bottom area of the snow island is reduced toward the outlet.   The water channel network is characterized in that a water channel is formed by a space generated by laying a metal rod on the floor surface of a snow chamber, and snow is brought into contact with the metal rod and melted to form a water channel. The cooling installation using the snow room according to any one of claims 2 to 4. The floor area of the snow room used for cooling equipment, the height of the snow to be stored, and the number m of a plurality of radial radial water channels from the outlet to the supply port centering on the outlet configuring the water channel network; In order to obtain based on the temperature of the return water supplied from the upstream side of the snow room floor and the temperature to be taken out,
In accordance with the shape of the floor of the snow chamber, m radial channels are defined, and n circumferential channels crossing the radial channel are determined, and the radial channel angle Φ and adjacent channels Step 1 of determining the angle θ formed by the radial water channel and the width d of the water channel;
The distance between the water channels in the circumferential direction is L ₁ (the distance between the water channels n ₁ and n _{2 in} the arc shape), L ₂ (arc shape) from the widest circular arc channel on the most upstream to the downstream circular arc channel spacing waterways n ₂ and n ₃₎ and · · L _{n-1 (arc-shaped} waterway n-1 and n intervals), as the same distance between the respective water channel, the necessary radial the number m of the channel Step 2 determined by the equations (1) to (3);
The distance between each water channel which is optimal so that the distance between L ₁ and L ₂ · · L _n-1 between arc shaped water channels is made different so that the melting time of each snow island is the same can be expressed by Step 3 to obtain from 5),
From the above, using the spacing (L ₁ , L ₂ ,... L _n-1 ) between the optimized arc-shaped water channels thus determined, it is verified whether the condition of the above equation (3) is satisfied or not If the condition of the equation (3) is satisfied, the interval between the arc-like water channels is determined, and if the condition of the equation (3) is not satisfied, the number m of water channels in the radial direction is increased By optimizing the distance between the waterways of the above and verifying that the condition of the above equation (3) is satisfied, it is repeated until the condition of the above equation (3) is satisfied. Calculating the minimum number of water channels in the radial direction and the distance between the water channels in each circumferential direction (L ₁ , L ₂ · · · L _{n -1} ) so as to reduce the melting time difference between The snow room according to any one of claims 2 to 5, which is a water channel network comprising water channels in the circumferential direction. Cooling equipment that was used.

Cooling using a snow chamber provided with at least one return water supply port on the upstream side, and at least one cold water outlet that is cooled by heat exchange on the downstream side to a diagonal position from this supply port In the equipment,
A radial channel extending from the outlet to the outlet is provided on the floor of the snow chamber from the inlet to the outlet by contact with water flowing from the outlet to the outlet, A cooling installation using a snow chamber, wherein the minimum m satisfying the conditional expressions (6) and (7) is the number m of radial radial water channels.

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