JP6487982B1 - 排ガス浄化用触媒 - Google Patents
排ガス浄化用触媒 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6487982B1 JP6487982B1 JP2017189040A JP2017189040A JP6487982B1 JP 6487982 B1 JP6487982 B1 JP 6487982B1 JP 2017189040 A JP2017189040 A JP 2017189040A JP 2017189040 A JP2017189040 A JP 2017189040A JP 6487982 B1 JP6487982 B1 JP 6487982B1
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- catalyst layer
- exhaust gas
- partition wall
- cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 367
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 124
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 27
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 27
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 21
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 15
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 9
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9463—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick
- B01D53/9468—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick in different layers
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- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
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- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F01N3/2828—Ceramic multi-channel monoliths, e.g. honeycombs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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Abstract
【解決手段】本発明により、排ガス流入側の端部13が開口した入側セル12と、排ガス流出側の端部15が開口した出側セル14とが、多孔質な隔壁16によって仕切られているウォールフロー構造の基材11と、入側セル12と出側セル14とに接するように隔壁16の内部に配置されている第1触媒層20および第2触媒層30と、を備え、第1触媒層20および第2触媒層30のうちのいずれか一方は、酸化触媒を含み且つ還元触媒を含まず、他方は、還元触媒を含み且つ酸化触媒を含まず、隔壁16の、入側セル12と接する側の表面と隔壁16の出側セル14と接する側の表面とで、第1触媒層20と第2触媒層30との長さの比が異なっている、排ガス浄化用触媒10が提供される。
【選択図】図3
Description
なお、本明細書において数値範囲をA〜B(ここでA,Bは任意の数値)と記載している場合は、A以上B以下を意味するものである。
内燃機関2には、酸素と燃料ガスとを含む混合気が供給される。内燃機関2は、この混合気を燃焼させ、燃焼エネルギーを力学的エネルギーへと変換する。このとき、燃焼された混合気は排ガスとなって排気系に排出される。本実施形態の内燃機関2は、自動車のガソリンエンジンを主体として構成されている。ただし、内燃機関2は、例えば、ガソリンエンジン以外のエンジン(ディーゼルエンジンなど)であってもよい。
なお、本明細書において、「触媒層が隔壁の内部に配置されている」とは、触媒層が主として隔壁16の内部に存在することをいう。より具体的には、例えば、第1触媒層20あるいは第2触媒層30の断面を電子顕微鏡で観察したときに、排ガス流入側の端部13あるいは排ガス流出側の端部15からX方向に沿って0.1Lwの長さの範囲における金属触媒の全量を100質量%としたときに、隔壁16の内部に存在する金属触媒の割合が、典型的には80質量%以上、例えば90質量%以上、好ましくは95質量%以上であることをいう。したがって、例えば隔壁16の外部(典型的には表面)に触媒層を配置しようとした結果、該触媒層の一部が非意図的に隔壁16の内部へ侵食するような場合とは明確に区別されるものである。
第2触媒層30は、排ガス流出側の端部15から、隔壁16の延伸方向(X方向)に沿って配置されている。図3の第2触媒層30は、略台形の断面形状を有する。言い換えれば、第2触媒層30は、隔壁16の入側セル12と接する側の表面から出側セル14と接する側の表面に向かって、X方向の長さが漸増するように配置されている。
まず、比較例1〜3として、酸化触媒と還元触媒とを同一の触媒層に含んだ排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
具体的には、先ず、図2に示すようなウォールフロー型のコージェライト基材(全長122mm、外径113mm、容積1.3L、セル数300セル/in2、平均細孔径20μm、気孔率65%)を用意した。
次に、アルミナ粉末(γ−Al2O3)28gと、ZC複合酸化物(Zr/Ce比率=7/2)粉末57gと、硫酸バリウム(BaSO4)2.5gと、硝酸ロジウム溶液(Rh換算で0.2g)と、硝酸パラジウム溶液(Pd換算で0.8g)とをイオン交換水中で混合して、スラリーAを調製した。
具体的には、先ず、アルミナ粉末(γ−Al2O3)18gと、ZC複合酸化物(Zr/Ce比率=7/2)粉末42gと、硝酸ロジウム溶液(Rh換算で0.2g)とをイオン交換水中で混合して、Rhスラリーを調製した。
次に、アルミナ粉末(γ−Al2O3)10gと、ZC複合酸化物(Zr/Ce比率=7/2)粉末15gと、硫酸バリウム(BaSO4)2.5gと、硝酸パラジウム溶液(Pd換算で0.8g)とをイオン交換水中で混合して、Pdスラリーを調製した。
このようにして、第1触媒層および第2触媒層を有する例1の排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
上記作製した排ガス浄化用触媒の圧損増加率を測定した。
具体的には、先ず、触媒層をコートする前のハニカム基材(リファレンス)を準備し、6m3/minの風量で空気を流通させたときの圧力を測定した。次に、上記作製した排ガス浄化用触媒(触媒層付きのハニカム基材)を用いて、リファレンスと同様に6m3/minの風量で空気を流通させたときの圧力を測定した。そして、次式:〔(排ガス浄化用触媒の圧力−リファレンスの圧力)/リファレンスの圧力〕×100;から圧損増加率(%)を算出した。なお、圧損増加率は、数値が小さいほど圧損の上昇が抑えられ好適であることを表している。結果を表1の該当欄に示す。表1では、比較例1の圧損増加率を基準(100%)とした相対値で表している。
表1および図4に示すように、例1および比較例2〜3では、圧損増加率が比較例1のおよそ半分にまで低減されていた。なかでも、例1は圧損増加率の値が最も小さかった。この理由として、出側セルに接しない触媒層を形成した比較例1では、該触媒層を形成した部分で排ガスの流路が狭められ、排ガスの流入が不利になったことが考えられる。これに対して、入側セルと出側セルとに接するように隔壁と同じ厚みで触媒層を形成した例1では、該触媒層を形成した後においても、隔壁内の排ガスの流路が相対的に広く確保されたことが考えられる。
上記作製した排ガス浄化用触媒について、車両評価で浄化性能を評価した。
具体的には、先ず、各排ガス浄化用触媒をガソリン直噴車両の排気経路に設置し、熱交換器を用いて触媒入ガス温度を100℃から520℃まで昇温速度10℃/minで昇温させた。このときの入ガス濃度と出ガス濃度との比から、NOx成分の浄化率を連続的に測定し、NOx成分の浄化率が50%に達したときの触媒入ガス温度(T50−NOx)を、評価した。そして、各例につき、比較例1のT50−NOxを基準(100%)とした相対値を逆数にして、NOx浄化率を求めた。結果を表1の該当欄に示す。なお、NOx浄化率は、NOx浄化性能に優れるものほど値が大きくなるように表されている。
表1および図5に示すように、例1では、比較例1〜3に比べて、顕著にNOx浄化率が向上していた。この理由として、比較例1では、触媒層への排ガスの接触頻度が相対的に低かったことが考えられる。また、比較例2,3では、隔壁内部全体に酸化触媒と還元触媒とを配置したことで、金属触媒の粒成長や合金化が生じ、金属触媒への排ガスの接触頻度が低下したことが考えられる。これに対して、例1では、酸化触媒と還元触媒とを隔壁の延伸方向にそれぞれ分けて配置することにより、金属触媒への排ガスの接触頻度が向上したことが考えられる。
第1触媒層および第2触媒層について、隔壁の延伸方向の長さ(L1−in、L1−out、L2−in、L2−out)を表2のように変化させたこと以外は例1と同様に、例2〜4の排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。そして、上記した試験例I−1と同様に、排ガス浄化性能の評価を行った。結果を表2の該当欄に示す。表2では、比較例1のNOx浄化率を基準(100%)とした相対値で表している。
表2および図6に示すように、例1〜4は概ね同等のNOx浄化率であり、いずれも比較例1に比べて凡そ10%もNOx浄化率が向上していた。したがって、NOx浄化性能の観点からは、隔壁の入側セルと接する側の表面において、隔壁の延伸方向の全長Lwを100%としたときに、第1触媒層の延伸方向の長さL1−inが、50〜75%であるとよいといえる。
例1の第1触媒層と第2触媒層とを逆さにして、例5の排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。そして、上記した試験例I−1と同様に、圧損と排ガス浄化性能の評価を行った。なお、ここではNOx成分の浄化率にかえて、上記した試験例I−1に準じて、HC成分の浄化率(HC浄化率)を評価した。結果を表3の該当欄に示す。表3では、比較例1のHC浄化率を基準(100%)とした相対値で表している。HC浄化率は、HC浄化性能に優れるものほど値が大きくなるように表されている。
表3および図7に示すように、例5では、例1よりもさらにHC浄化率が向上していた。したがって、HC浄化性能の観点からは、第1触媒層に酸化触媒を配置することが好ましいといえる。
2 内燃機関
10 GPF(排ガス浄化用触媒)
11 基材
12 入側セル
14 出側セル
16 隔壁
20 第1触媒層
30 第2触媒層
Claims (8)
- 内燃機関の排気経路に配置され、該内燃機関から排出される排ガスを浄化する排ガス浄化用触媒であって、
排ガス流入側の端部が開口した入側セルと、排ガス流出側の端部が開口した出側セルとが、多孔質な隔壁によって仕切られているウォールフロー構造の基材と、
前記隔壁の内部に、前記排ガス流入側の端部から前記隔壁の延伸方向に沿って、前記入側セルと前記出側セルとに接するように配置されている第1触媒層と、
前記隔壁の内部に、前記排ガス流出側の端部から前記隔壁の延伸方向に沿って、前記入側セルと前記出側セルとに接するように配置されている第2触媒層と、
を備え、
前記第1触媒層および前記第2触媒層のうちのいずれか一方は、酸化触媒を含み且つ還元触媒を含まず、他方は、前記還元触媒を含み且つ前記酸化触媒を含まず、
前記隔壁の、前記入側セルと接する側の表面と、前記出側セルと接する側の表面とで、前記第1触媒層と前記第2触媒層との長さの比が異なっている、
排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記第1触媒層が前記還元触媒を含み且つ前記酸化触媒を含まず、前記第2触媒層が前記酸化触媒を含み且つ前記還元触媒を含まない、
請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記第1触媒層が前記酸化触媒を含み且つ前記還元触媒を含まず、前記第2触媒層が前記還元触媒を含み且つ前記酸化触媒を含まない、
請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記第1触媒層は、前記隔壁の前記入側セルと接する側の表面において、前記隔壁の延伸方向の全長を100%としたときに、前記隔壁の全長の40%以上75%以下の長さで配置されている、
請求項1〜3の何れか一つに記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記第2触媒層は、前記隔壁の前記出側セルと接する側の表面において、前記隔壁の延伸方向の全長を100%としたときに、前記隔壁の全長の35%以上70%以下の長さで配置されている、
請求項1〜4の何れか一つに記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記隔壁の前記入側セルと接する側の表面全体と、前記隔壁の前記出側セルと接する側の表面全体とが、それぞれ、前記第1触媒層および前記第2触媒層のうちのいずれか一方で覆われている、
請求項1〜5の何れか一つに記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記第1触媒層は、前記隔壁の前記入側セルと接する側の表面から前記出側セルと接する側の表面に向かって、前記隔壁の延伸方向における長さが漸減するように配置されており、
前記第2触媒層は、前記隔壁の前記入側セルと接する側の表面から前記出側セルと接する側の表面に向かって、前記隔壁の延伸方向における長さが漸増するように配置されている、
請求項1〜6の何れか一つに記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記内燃機関が、ガソリンエンジンである、請求項1〜7の何れか一つに記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。
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US11623179B2 (en) | 2017-12-19 | 2023-04-11 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Catalytically active particulate filter |
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US12128357B2 (en) | 2017-12-19 | 2024-10-29 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Catalytically active particulate filter |
WO2020200398A1 (de) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-08 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Katalytisch aktives partikelfilter |
EP4029592A1 (de) * | 2019-03-29 | 2022-07-20 | UMICORE AG & Co. KG | Katalytisch aktives partikelfilter |
CN114080493A (zh) * | 2019-06-26 | 2022-02-22 | 株式会社科特拉 | 微粒过滤器 |
DE112020007254T5 (de) | 2020-12-28 | 2023-03-23 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Engine & Turbocharger, Ltd. | Turbinengehäuse, turbolader und benzinmotor |
US12055091B2 (en) | 2020-12-28 | 2024-08-06 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Engine & Turbocharger, Ltd. | Turbine housing, turbocharger, and gasoline engine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20200263587A1 (en) | 2020-08-20 |
EP3689457A4 (en) | 2020-10-14 |
EP3689457B1 (en) | 2022-07-06 |
US11187129B2 (en) | 2021-11-30 |
WO2019065206A1 (ja) | 2019-04-04 |
CN111148571B (zh) | 2023-02-17 |
CN111148571A (zh) | 2020-05-12 |
JP2019063700A (ja) | 2019-04-25 |
EP3689457A1 (en) | 2020-08-05 |
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