JP6474750B2 - Small excavator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a small hydraulic excavator that is suitably used for excavation work such as earth and sand in an urban area.

  In general, construction machines represented by hydraulic excavators include, for example, large machines that perform rock open-pit digging (heavy excavation work) in mines, medium-sized machines that are smaller and generally called standard machines, for example, urban areas A small hydraulic excavator called a mini excavator is known which can be excavated with low noise by being contained within a small turning radius even in a narrow work site where obstacles exist around. A hydraulic excavator drives a variable displacement hydraulic pump with a diesel engine as a prime mover to generate pressure oil, and a work device performs excavation work and the like by supplying and discharging pressure oil to and from a plurality of hydraulic actuators (for example, Patent Document 1).

  Among these, the small hydraulic excavator is configured as a rear small turning hydraulic excavator in which the turning radius of the upper turning body is within the vehicle width of the lower traveling body. The small hydraulic excavator has a counterweight placed close to the turning center in order to make the turning radius of the upper turning body as small as possible, and the rear surface of the counterweight is formed in an arc shape centered on the turning center. . The upper swing body has an engine for driving a hydraulic pump at the rear of the swing frame, and a cab, a fuel tank, a hydraulic oil tank, and the like are mounted on the front side of the swing frame (for example, Patent Document 2). reference).

JP 2003-184604 A JP2013-237987A

  By the way, the present inventors are considering reducing the size and energy of the engine by using a diesel engine equipped with a supercharger as a prime mover of a small hydraulic excavator. However, in an engine with a supercharger, the supercharger works effectively in a high engine speed range. However, in the engine low engine speed range, the intake air amount is insufficient and the torque reduction rate tends to increase. For this reason, an engine with a supercharger may be overloaded when the hydraulic pump is driven in a low rotational speed range, and may cause engine stall (that is, engine stall) in some cases.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to achieve a small size in which the engine is prevented from being overloaded from the hydraulic pump in a low rotational speed region and the occurrence of engine stall can be prevented. It is to provide a hydraulic excavator.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides an engine provided with a supercharger, a variable displacement hydraulic pump driven by the engine, and hydraulic oil discharged from the hydraulic pump as a hydraulic actuator. A directional control valve to be supplied, an operating device for switching the directional control valve, a rotational speed indicating device for instructing a target rotational speed of the engine by an external operation, and the target rotational speed according to the rotational speed indicating device A control device that controls the engine speed and controls the displacement of the hydraulic pump so that the relationship between the discharge pressure and the discharge capacity of the hydraulic pump is based on the horsepower curve of the engine. Applies to small excavators.

A feature of the configuration adopted by the present invention is that the control device includes an output torque calculation device that calculates an output torque of the engine based on a target rotation speed of the engine by the rotation speed instruction device, and a hydraulic pump. A pump input torque setting device for setting the input torque to a value smaller than the engine output torque calculated by the output torque calculation device with a margin, and a range of the input torque set by the pump input torque setting device. And a pump capacity control device that variably controls the discharge capacity of the hydraulic pump in accordance with the discharge pressure. The minimum speed for rotating the engine in a state close to no load is N1, and the ambient temperature is a Celsius temperature. Minus, when the operating device is suddenly operated with the temperature of the engine being low and the viscosity of the hydraulic oil being high, the The engine is calculated based on the target engine speed of the engine by the output torque calculation device in a range of a low engine speed N2 or less, so that the engine is prevented from causing engine stall. of when the low frequency side output torque was Te, the pump input torque setting device, the engine is in a range of low rotational speed N1~N2 a predetermined margin with respect to the low frequency side output torque Te of the engine The torque for reducing torque control reduced by the allowance ΔTa is set as the low-frequency side target input torque Ta of the hydraulic pump, and the pump capacity control device follows the low-frequency side target input torque Ta by the pump input torque setting device. In order to perform torque reduction control, the hydraulic pump discharges within the range of the low-frequency target torque characteristic determined based on the low-frequency target input torque Ta. The output capacity and the discharge pressure are variably controlled.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to prevent an engine with a supercharger from being overloaded from the hydraulic pump in a low rotational speed range (rotational speeds N1 to N2), and to prevent engine stall.

It is a front view which shows the small hydraulic excavator by 1st Embodiment. FIG. 2 is a partially broken plan view showing the upper revolving body in an enlarged state with a part of the cab and the exterior cover in FIG. 1 removed. FIG. 3 is a control circuit diagram for driving a hydraulic motor, showing an engine, a hydraulic pump, a regulator, a control device, and the like in FIG. 2. It is a control block diagram which shows the internal structure of the vehicle body controller which controls a regulator. 6 is a flowchart showing a torque reduction control process of a regulator by the vehicle body controller in FIG. It is a characteristic diagram which shows the relationship between the output torque of an engine with respect to engine speed, and the target input torque of a hydraulic pump. It is a characteristic diagram when controlling the discharge capacity of the variable displacement hydraulic pump in accordance with the discharge pressure within the range of the target torque characteristics. It is a flowchart which shows the torque reduction control process of the regulator by 2nd Embodiment. It is a characteristic diagram which shows the relationship between the engine output torque with respect to the engine speed by 2nd Embodiment, and the target input torque of a hydraulic pump. It is a characteristic diagram when controlling the discharge capacity of the variable displacement hydraulic pump according to the discharge pressure within the range of the target torque characteristics according to the second embodiment. It is a characteristic diagram which shows the relationship between the engine speed by a comparative example, and the output torque of an engine.

  Hereinafter, a small hydraulic excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, taking as an example a case where the small hydraulic excavator is applied to a backward small swing type hydraulic excavator.

  Here, FIG. 1 thru | or FIG. 7 has shown 1st Embodiment. In FIG. 1, a small hydraulic excavator 1 (hereinafter referred to as a hydraulic excavator 1) performs excavation work such as earth and sand at various work sites (for example, a narrow work site where obstacles exist in the surroundings such as an urban area). Used for. The hydraulic excavator 1 is a self-propelled crawler-type lower traveling body 2, and is mounted on the lower traveling body 2 through a turning device 3 so as to be capable of turning. It comprises a body 4 and a working device 5 provided on the front side of the upper swing body 4 so as to be able to move up and down.

  Here, the hydraulic excavator 1 is a small rear turning type in which the turning radius of the upper turning body 4 is within the vehicle width of the lower running body 2 when the upper turning body 4 is driven to turn on the lower traveling body 2. It is configured as a hydraulic excavator. The work device 5 is configured as a swing post type work device, for example, and includes a swing post 5A, a boom 5B, an arm 5C, a bucket 5D as a work tool, a swing cylinder (not shown), a boom cylinder 5E, an arm cylinder 5F, and a bucket. A cylinder 5G and the like are provided.

  The upper swing body 4 includes a swing frame 6, an exterior cover 7, a cab 8, a counterweight 9, and the like. The swing frame 6 constitutes a support structure for the upper swing body 4. The turning frame 6 is attached on the lower traveling body 2 via the turning device 3. The revolving frame 6 is provided with a counterweight 9 and an engine 10 on the rear side, and a cab 8 on the left front side. The revolving frame 6 is provided with an exterior cover 7 located between the cab 8 and the counterweight 9. The exterior cover 7, together with the revolving frame 6, the cab 8 and the counterweight 9, defines a space (machine room) in which the engine 10 and the like are accommodated.

  The cab 8 is mounted on the left front side of the revolving frame 6. The cab 8 defines a cab in which an operator is boarded. Inside the cab 8, a driver's seat on which an operator is seated, various operation levers (for example, an operation lever 23A shown in FIG. 3), and the like are disposed. The counterweight 9 constitutes a part of the upper swing body 4. The counterweight 9 is positioned on the rear side of the engine 10 to be described later and is attached to the rear end portion of the revolving frame 6 to balance the weight with the work device 5. Further, the rear surface side of the counterweight 9 is formed in an arc shape as shown in FIG. 2, and is configured to keep the turning radius of the upper turning body 4 small.

  The engine 10 is provided in a horizontally placed state on the rear side of the revolving frame 6 and is disposed on the front side of the counterweight 9. Since the engine 10 is mounted as a prime mover on the small hydraulic excavator 1, for example, a small diesel engine is used. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the engine 10 is provided with a supercharger 11. The supercharger 11 includes a turbine that forcibly sends air (intake air) into each cylinder of the engine 10 using exhaust gas flowing in the exhaust pipe 10A. Thereby, the engine 10 with the supercharger 11 can increase the combustion efficiency of the fuel, and can increase the output torque (power as engine horsepower) particularly in a high speed range.

  Even if the engine 10 with the supercharger 11 is an engine having a displacement of about 1.5 L (liter), for example, it has an output characteristic equivalent to that of an engine of about 2.2 L (no supercharger). . For this reason, using the engine 10 with the supercharger 11 is an effective means for reducing the size and energy of the prime mover (engine). However, in the engine 10, the supercharger 11 functions effectively in a high rotation speed region (for example, a region of the rotation speed N3 or more in the characteristic line 32 shown in FIG. 6). In the region lower than the prescribed rotational speed N2 in FIG. 6), the amount of intake air is insufficient and the torque reduction rate tends to increase. For this reason, the present embodiment employs a configuration in which the engine 10 is not subjected to an overload from the hydraulic pump 12 in the low speed range as described later.

  For example, a variable displacement hydraulic pump 12 (hereinafter referred to as a hydraulic pump 12) is provided on the left side of the engine 10 when viewed from the rear of the upper swing body 4 (vehicle body). The hydraulic pump 12 constitutes a main hydraulic source together with the hydraulic oil tank 13 (see FIG. 3). The main hydraulic pump 12 is configured by a variable displacement swash plate type, a swash shaft type, or a radial piston type hydraulic pump, and has a variable capacity portion 12A composed of, for example, a swash plate or a swash shaft. The hydraulic pump 12 is attached to the left side of the engine 10 (that is, the output shaft side) via a power transmission device (not shown), and the rotational output of the engine 10 is transmitted by this power transmission device. The hydraulic pump 12 is driven by the engine 10 to supply pressure oil (hydraulic oil) toward a directional control valve 22 and the like described later.

  The heat exchanger 14 is located on the right side of the engine 10 and is provided on the turning frame 6. The heat exchanger 14 includes, for example, a radiator, an oil cooler, an intercooler, and the like, and has a function of cooling the pressure oil (working oil) returned to the working oil tank 13 while cooling the engine 10 and the like. ing.

  The exhaust gas purification device 15 is a device that removes harmful substances contained in the exhaust gas of the engine 10 and purifies the exhaust gas. As shown in FIG. 2, the exhaust gas purification device 15 is disposed, for example, at a position on the upper left side of the engine 10 and above the power transmission device. The upstream side of the exhaust gas purification device 15 is connected to the exhaust pipe 10 </ b> A of the engine 10. The exhaust gas purification device 15 constitutes an exhaust gas passage together with the exhaust pipe 10A, and removes harmful substances contained in the exhaust gas and purifies the exhaust gas while the exhaust gas flows from the upstream side to the downstream side. .

  As shown in FIG. 3, a capacity control regulator 16 is attached to the main hydraulic pump 12. The regulator 16 constitutes a variable capacity actuator of the hydraulic pump 12. The regulator 16 drives the displacement variable portion 12A of the hydraulic pump 12 in accordance with a control signal output from a vehicle body controller 30 (pump displacement control device 30C) described later. As a result, the hydraulic pump 12 is controlled so that its discharge capacity (displacement volume) is variable. The regulator 16 is configured by an electromagnetic actuator such as a solenoid or a hydraulic actuator, for example.

  Here, when the regulator 16 is configured by an electromagnetic actuator, for example, the regulator 16 has a small capacity (Min) in FIG. 3 according to the current value of the control signal output from the vehicle body controller 30 (pump capacity control device 30C). It is driven to expand and contract with a large capacity (Max). As a result, in the hydraulic pump 12, the capacity variable portion 12A is driven to tilt, and the discharge capacity is variably controlled between a small capacity and a large capacity. When the regulator 16 is constituted by a hydraulic actuator, the pilot pressure from the pilot pump 17 is supplied to and discharged from the regulator 16 as a tilt control pressure. In this case, the tilt control pressure is variably adjusted according to a control signal from the vehicle body controller 30 (pump capacity control device 30C), and the regulator 16 has a small capacity (Min) and a large capacity (Max) in FIG. It may be configured to be driven so as to expand and contract between the two.

  The pilot pump 17 constitutes a pilot hydraulic pressure source together with the hydraulic oil tank 13. The pilot pump 17 is rotationally driven by the engine 10 together with the main hydraulic pump 12. A low pressure relief valve 18 is provided between the pilot pump 17 and the hydraulic oil tank 13 on the discharge side. The low-pressure relief valve 18 suppresses the discharge pressure of the pilot pump 17 below a predetermined relief setting pressure.

  The main hydraulic pump 12 is provided with a high-pressure relief valve 20 between the discharge pipe 19 and the hydraulic oil tank 13. The high-pressure relief valve 20 keeps the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 12 below a predetermined relief setting pressure in order to prevent excessive pressure from being generated in the hydraulic pump 12. This relief set pressure is set to a pressure sufficiently higher than that of the low pressure relief valve 18.

  The hydraulic motor 21 shows a representative example of a plurality of hydraulic actuators provided in the hydraulic excavator 1. The hydraulic motor 21 constitutes, for example, a hydraulic motor for turning or traveling the excavator 1. Note that the hydraulic actuator is not limited to the hydraulic motor 21, and for example, the swing cylinder, the boom cylinder 5 </ b> E, the arm cylinder 5 </ b> F, the bucket cylinder 5 </ b> G, and the like provided in the work device 5 can be used.

  The direction control valve 22 is provided between the hydraulic pump 12, the hydraulic oil tank 13 and the hydraulic motor 21. This directional control valve 22 is composed of, for example, a 6-port 3-position hydraulic pilot type directional control valve, and hydraulic pilot portions 22A and 22B are provided on both the left and right sides. The directional control valve 22 is switched from the neutral position (I) to the switching position (II) or (III) by supplying pilot pressure to the hydraulic pilot portions 22A and 22B from an operation valve 23 described later. At this time, the flow rate of the pressure oil supplied and discharged from the hydraulic pump 12 to the hydraulic motor 21 via the discharge pipe 19 is set to the stroke amount of the direction control valve 22 (that is, the tilting operation amount of the operation lever 23A described later). Correspondingly, it is controlled variably.

  The hydraulic motor 21 is remotely operated by a pressure reducing valve type pilot operation valve 23 (hereinafter referred to as an operation valve 23) via a direction control valve 22. The operation valve 23 constitutes an operation device that switches the direction control valve 22. The operation valve 23 is provided, for example, in the cab 8 of the excavator 1 and has an operation lever 23A that is tilted by an operator. The operation valve 23 has a pump port connected to the discharge side of the pilot pump 17 and a tank port connected to the hydraulic oil tank 13. The output port of the operation valve 23 is connected to the hydraulic pilot portions 22A and 22B of the directional control valve 22 via pilot lines 24A and 24B.

  When the operator tilts the operation lever 23A, the operation valve 23 supplies a pilot pressure corresponding to the operation amount to the hydraulic pilot portions 22A and 22B of the directional control valve 22 through the pilot lines 24A and 24B. Thereby, the direction control valve 22 is switched from the neutral position (I) to any one of the switching positions (II) and (III), and the stroke amount (switching amount) at this time is set to the operation amount of the operation lever 23A. Increase or decrease correspondingly.

  The pressure sensor 25 is a pressure detector that detects the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 12 (for example, the discharge pressure P shown in FIG. 7). The pressure sensor 25 is connected to the discharge pipe 19 between, for example, the hydraulic pump 12 and the direction control valve 22, and detects the pressure in the discharge pipe 19 as the discharge pressure P. A detection signal from the pressure sensor 25 is output to a pump displacement control device 30C (see FIG. 4) of the vehicle body controller 30 described later.

  The governor device 26 is constituted by an electronic governor that variably controls the amount of fuel supplied to the engine 10, for example. The governor device 26 variably controls the fuel injection amount to be supplied to the engine 10 based on a control signal output from a control device 28 (engine controller 29) described later. Thereby, the engine 10 is controlled so that the rotation speed becomes a rotation speed corresponding to the target rotation speed Nt (see FIG. 4) by the control signal.

  The rotation sensor 27 is a rotation speed detection device that detects the actual rotation speed (actual rotation speed) of the engine 10. The rotation sensor 27 detects the rotation of the output shaft (for example, crankshaft) of the engine 10 and outputs the detection signal to the engine controller 29 of the control device 28 as a rotation speed detection signal. The engine controller 29 performs feedback control of the governor device 26 that is, for example, a fuel injection device so that the actual rotational speed of the engine 10 approaches the target rotational speed Nt (see FIG. 4).

  The control device 28 is constituted by, for example, a microcomputer. The control device 28 includes an engine controller 29 and a vehicle body controller 30. The control device 28 is connected to the pressure sensor 25, the rotation sensor 27, the rotation speed indicating device 31 and the like on its input side, and is connected to the regulator 16 and the governor device 26 and the like on its output side. The control device 28 controls the rotational speed of the engine 10 according to the target rotational speed Nt (see FIG. 4) by the rotational speed instruction device 31. Further, the control device 28 controls the hydraulic pressure via the regulator 16 so that the relationship between the discharge pressure P and the discharge capacity Q (see FIG. 7) of the hydraulic pump 12 has a PQ characteristic based on the horsepower curve of the engine 10. The capacity of the pump 12 is controlled.

  The rotation speed instruction device 31 is provided in the cab 8 of the excavator 1 and is configured by an operation dial that is manually operated by an operator. The rotation speed instruction device 31 is a device that instructs the target rotation speed Nt of the engine 10 by an external dial operation. In addition, the rotation speed instruction | indication apparatus 31 is not restricted to the said operation dial, For example, it can comprise also by a well-known up / down switch or an engine lever (all are not shown).

  The engine controller 29 and / or the vehicle body controller 30 of the control device 28 has a storage unit (not shown) including, for example, a nonvolatile memory, a ROM, a RAM, and the like. In this storage unit, a processing program for torque reduction control according to a target input torque shown in FIG. 5 described later, and the relationship between the rotational speed N of the engine 10 and the output torque T are stored as a characteristic line 32 shown in FIG. An output torque calculation map, a PQ characteristic map in which the relationship (PQ characteristic) between the discharge pressure P and the discharge capacity Q (flow rate) of the hydraulic pump 12 is stored as characteristic lines 34 to 37 shown in FIG. Is stored.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the vehicle body controller 30 of the control device 28 includes an output torque calculation device 30A, a pump input torque setting device 30B, and a pump capacity control device 30C. The output torque calculation device 30A calculates the output torque T of the engine 10 from an output torque calculation map based on the characteristic line 32 shown in FIG. 6, for example, based on the target rotation speed Nt of the engine 10 instructed by the rotation speed instruction device 31. .

  The pump input torque setting device 30B outputs the output torque of the engine 10 (the output torque T indicated by the characteristic line 32) calculated by the output torque calculation device 30A for the input torque (eg, input torque T1, T2, Ta) of the hydraulic pump 12. With a margin (for example, margins .DELTA.T1, .DELTA.T2, .DELTA.Ta, which will be described later) set to a smaller value, three different target input torques are set. In this way, by setting the input torque of the hydraulic pump 12 to a value that is always smaller than the output torque of the engine 10, the engine 10 can cause an engine stall even if it receives a hydraulic load from the hydraulic pump 12. Can be reduced.

  The pump capacity control device 30C is within the range of the input torque set by the pump input torque setting device 30B, that is, the relationship (PQ characteristic) between the discharge pressure P and the discharge capacity Q of the hydraulic pump 12 is a target torque characteristic described later. A control signal for variably controlling the discharge capacity Q of the hydraulic pump 12 according to the discharge pressure P is output to the regulator 16 based on the PQ characteristic map shown in FIG. The input torque Ti (i = 1, 2,...) Of the hydraulic pump 12 has a relationship expressed by the following formula 1 when the constant k is set with respect to the discharge capacity Q and the discharge pressure P of the hydraulic pump 12.

  A characteristic line 32 shown in FIG. 6 represents the relationship between the rotational speed N of the engine 10 and the output torque T. This can be known in advance based on a performance test of the engine 10 or the like. The minimum rotational speed N1 in FIG. 6 is a state in which all the directional control valves represented by the directional control valve 22, for example, are returned to the neutral position (I) to minimize the hydraulic load on the engine 10 (that is, the hydraulic pump 12 and This is the idling speed when the engine 10 that rotationally drives the pilot pump 17 is close to no load. The output torque T of the engine 10 at this time is expressed as, for example, output torque Te1.

  The specified rotational speed N2 is higher than the minimum rotational speed N1 and lower than the maximum torque generation rotational speed N3. The engine 10 with the supercharger 11 may cause an engine stall in a low temperature state when the rotational speed N is lower than the specified rotational speed N2. For this reason, the setting value (for example, input torque T2 to input torque Ta) is switched by the pump input torque setting device 30B, and the specified rotation speed N2 is represented as the rotation speed for avoiding engine stall in a low temperature state. .

  That is, when the ambient temperature is minus Celsius and the temperature of the engine 10 is low (for example, when the cooling water temperature is -20 ° C. or lower), the hydraulic oil that the hydraulic pump 12 sucks from the hydraulic oil tank 13 is reduced. High viscosity. In this state, when the operation lever 23A is suddenly fully operated and the direction control valve 22 is switched from the neutral position (I) to the switching position (II) or (III), the hydraulic oil is supplied to the hydraulic motor 21 and the hydraulic pressure is increased. The load increases rapidly. For this reason, the engine 10 may suddenly increase the load received from the hydraulic pump 12 and cause an engine stall. The prescribed rotational speed N2 represents a prescribed rotational speed that is predetermined in order to avoid the possibility of such an engine stall in a low temperature state.

  The specified rotational speed N2 is changed from the target input torque T2 fixed to a constant value (in the range of the rotational speeds N2 to N3) by the pump input torque setting device 30B to the target input torque Ta that becomes a variable value below the rotational speed N2. It is also the rotation speed for switching. The target input torque Ta is a target input torque that is variably set according to the rotational speeds N1 and N2 as indicated by the inclined line 33. The prescribed rotational speed N2 can be determined in advance based on a performance test of the engine 10 or the like. As shown by the characteristic line 32 (between the characteristic line portions 32B and 32C) shown in FIG. 6, when the engine speed is the specified speed N2, the output torque T of the engine 10 is, for example, output torque Te2 (Te2> Te1). ). The pump input torque setting device 30B is configured to variably set the target input torque Ta as will be described later. For this reason, even when the rotation speed N of the engine 10 is equal to or less than the specified rotation speed N2, the possibility that the engine 10 will cause an engine stall can be reduced.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the maximum torque generation rotational speed N3 represents the rotational speed when the output torque T of the engine 10 becomes the maximum torque Tm. The maximum rotational speed N4 represents the rotational speed at which the rotational speed N of the engine 10 is the highest and becomes higher than the rotational speed Nr when the output torque T of the engine 10 is the rated torque Tr. The rated torque Tr is a torque value (Tm> Tr> Te2> Te1) smaller than the maximum torque Tm and larger than the output torques Te2 and Te1.

  Here, the output torque calculation device 30A is based on the target rotation speed Nt of the engine 10 instructed by the rotation speed instruction device 31, for example, from the output torque calculation map (characteristic line 32) shown in FIG. Is calculated. That is, when the target rotational speed Nt is set to be equal to or greater than the maximum torque generation rotational speed N3, the output torque calculation device 30A indicates the output torque T of the engine 10 that is equal to or less than the maximum torque Tm as a characteristic line 32 (characteristic line in FIG. Part 32A).

  When the target rotational speed Nt is set to the rotational speeds N2 to N3, the output torque calculation device 30A outputs the output torque T of the engine 10 based on the characteristic line 32 (characteristic line portion 32B) in FIG. The torque is calculated in the range of Te2 to Tm. When the target rotational speed Nt is set to the rotational speeds N1 and N2, the output torque T of the engine 10 is based on the characteristic line portion 32C of the characteristic line 32 in the range of the output torque Te1 to Te2 in FIG. Calculated. The output torques Te1 to Te2 at this time are collectively referred to as low-frequency side output torque Te (that is, Te = Te1 to Te2).

Pump input torque setting device 30B, in the range engine 10 is rotated several N3～N4, the torque for the torque reduction control is lowered by a first margin ΔT1 of the rated torque Tr of the engine 10, the hydraulic pump 12 Is set as the first target input torque T1. When the engine 10 is in the rotational speed range N2 to N3, the torque for torque reduction control is reduced with respect to the rated torque Tr of the engine 10 by a second margin allowance ΔT2 (ΔT2> ΔT1) larger than the first allowance ΔT1. Is set as the second target input torque T2 of the hydraulic pump 12.

Further, the pump input torque setting device 30B, the range of the engine 10 is low rotational speed N1～N2 (low speed range), relative to the low frequency side output torque Te of the engine 10 (i.e., Te = Te1～Te2) Then, the torque for torque reduction control that is reduced by a predetermined margin allowance ΔTa is set as the low-frequency side target input torque Ta of the hydraulic pump 12. This low-frequency side target input torque Ta is a torque that changes (increases / decreases) in accordance with the low-frequency side output torque Te in the range of the engine speed N1 to N2 that is low. It is set variably along. The inclined line 33 is a characteristic line that is substantially parallel to the characteristic line portion 32 </ b> C of the characteristic line 32. However, the inclined line 33 is not necessarily a straight line parallel to the characteristic line portion 32C, and may be a curved line, and may be determined based on experimental data or the like.

  The low-frequency side target input torque Ta of the hydraulic pump 12 is set to the target input torque Ta2 (that is, Ta2 = Te2−ΔTa) when the output torque value of the engine 10 is the output torque Te2. When the output torque value of the engine 10 decreases to the output torque Te1, the target input torque Ta of the hydraulic pump 12 is set as the target input torque Ta1 (that is, Ta1 = Te1−ΔTa). The target input torques Ta1 to Ta2 at this time are collectively referred to as a low-frequency side target input torque Ta (that is, Ta = Ta1 to Ta2).

  When the first target input torque T1 is set by the pump input torque setting device 30B, the pump capacity control device 30C has a discharge capacity Q of the hydraulic pump 12 within a range smaller than the target torque characteristic 34 shown in FIG. A control signal for variably controlling the pressure according to the discharge pressure P is output to the regulator 16. The target torque characteristic 34 at this time is a torque characteristic determined based on the target input torque T1 (see Equation 1 above). When the second target input torque T2 is set by the pump input torque setting device 30B, the discharge capacity Q of the hydraulic pump 12 depends on the discharge pressure P within a range smaller than the target torque characteristic 35 shown in FIG. Are variably controlled. The target torque characteristic 35 is a torque characteristic that is determined based on the target input torque T2 (see Equation 1 above).

  The target torque characteristics 34, 34 are such that the relationship between the discharge pressure P and the discharge capacity Q of the hydraulic pump 12 is a PQ characteristic based on the horsepower curve of the engine 10 (ie, the target input torque T1, T2). This is a characteristic for controlling the capacity of the hydraulic pump 12 via the regulator 16. This is a relationship that satisfies the above equation (1). The same applies to the target torque characteristics 36 to 37 described below.

  In the low speed range of the engine 10, the pump capacity control device 30C performs torque reduction control according to the low frequency side target input torque Ta by the pump input torque setting device 30B. That is, when the low band side target input torque Ta is set by the pump input torque setting device 30B, the discharge capacity Q of the hydraulic pump 12 is discharged within a range smaller than the low band target torque characteristic 36 shown in FIG. It is variably controlled according to the pressure P. The low frequency side target torque characteristic 36 is a variable torque characteristic determined based on the low frequency side target input torque Ta.

  In this case, the low-frequency side target input torque Ta is a torque value that is variably set within the range of the target input torque Ta1 to Ta2. For this reason, the low-frequency side target torque characteristic 36 varies as indicated by arrows between a target torque characteristic 35 indicated by a solid line in FIG. 7 and a target torque characteristic 37 indicated by a dotted line in FIG. It has become a characteristic.

  Specifically, the target rotational speed Nt of the engine 10 is increased from the minimum rotational speed N1 side toward the specified rotational speed N2, and the low-frequency side target input torque Ta of the hydraulic pump 12 becomes the target input torque Ta2 shown in FIG. 7, the target torque characteristic 36 indicated by a solid line in FIG. 7 approaches the target torque characteristic 35 so as to gradually approach the target torque characteristic 35. When the low-frequency target input torque Ta matches the target input torque Ta2, the target torque characteristic 36 is the same as the target torque characteristic 35. On the other hand, when the target rotational speed Nt of the engine 10 is decreased toward the minimum rotational speed N1, and the target input torque Ta of the hydraulic pump 12 approaches the target input torque Ta1 shown in FIG. The characteristic approaches the target torque characteristic 37 indicated by a dotted line in FIG. When the target input torque Ta matches the target input torque Ta1, the low-frequency side target torque characteristic 36 is the same as the target torque characteristic 37.

  The small excavator 1 according to the first embodiment has the above-described configuration, and the operation thereof will be described next.

  First, the operator of the hydraulic excavator 1 gets on the cab 8 of the upper swing body 4, starts the engine 10, and drives the hydraulic pump 12 and the pilot pump 17. As a result, pressure oil is discharged from the hydraulic pump 12 toward the discharge line 19, and this pressure oil is supplied to the hydraulic motor 21 via the direction control valve 22. Further, other directional control valves (not shown) are supplied to other hydraulic actuators (for example, the swing cylinder, boom cylinder 5E, arm cylinder 5F, bucket cylinder 5G, etc.).

  When an operator who has boarded the cab 8 operates an operation lever for traveling (for example, the operation lever 23A), pressure oil is supplied to the hydraulic motor 21 via the direction control valve 22. Thereby, the lower traveling body 2 can be moved forward or backward. On the other hand, when an operator in the cab 8 operates an operation lever (not shown) for work, the work device 5 can be moved up and down to perform excavation work of earth and sand. Since the excavator 1 is small and has a small turning radius by the upper turning body 4, for example, even in a narrow work site such as an urban area, the working device 5 can perform a side ditching operation while the upper turning body 4 is driven to turn. it can. In such a case, noise can be reduced by operating the engine 10 with a light load.

  Next, the torque reduction control process according to the output torque based on the target rotational speed and the target input torque according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

  When the processing operation starts with the engine 10 running, the target rotational speed Nt by the rotational speed instruction device 31 is read in step 1. In the next step 2, it is determined whether or not the target rotational speed Nt is larger than the maximum torque generation rotational speed N3. When it is determined as “YES” in Step 2, the target rotational speed Nt is larger than the maximum torque generation rotational speed N3, so that the output torque T of the engine 10 is along the characteristic line portion 32A of the characteristic line 32 in FIG. Torque value.

Therefore, in the next step 3, the engine 10 sets the pump input torque in the range of rotational speed N3~N4 as a first target input torque T1 by a pump input torque setting unit 30B. As shown in FIG. 6, the first target input torque T1 is set as a constant torque value that is lower than the rated torque Tr of the engine 10 by the first margin ΔT1.

  In the next step 4, torque reduction control according to the first target input torque T <b> 1 is executed by the regulator 16. That is, the pump displacement control device 30C obtains the target torque characteristic 34 when the first target input torque T1 is set by the pump input torque setting device 30B as shown in FIG. The target torque characteristic 34 at this time is a torque characteristic determined based on the target input torque T1. On this basis, the pump capacity control device 30C has a target torque characteristic in which the relationship (PQ characteristic) between the discharge pressure P and the discharge capacity Q of the hydraulic pump 12 is smaller than the target torque characteristic 34 shown in FIG. The discharge capacity Q of the hydraulic pump 12 is variably controlled according to the discharge pressure P by the regulator 16 so as not to exceed 34.

  Since the discharge pressure P of the hydraulic pump 12 varies depending on, for example, the inertia load received by the hydraulic motor 21, the regulator 16 has a target torque whose relationship between the discharge pressure P and the discharge capacity Q of the hydraulic pump 12 is shown in FIG. The displacement control unit 12A of the hydraulic pump 12 is tilt-controlled so as not to exceed the range of the characteristic 34. After that, the process returns at the next step 5, and the processes after step 1 are repeated.

  If “NO” is determined in Step 2, the target rotational speed Nt is set to be equal to or less than the maximum torque generating rotational speed N3. Therefore, in the next Step 6, whether the target rotational speed Nt is larger than the specified rotational speed N2 or not. Determine whether. When it is determined as “YES” in Step 6, the target rotation speed Nt is equal to or less than the maximum torque generation rotation speed N3 and is larger than the specified rotation speed N2. At this time, the output torque T of the engine 10 is a torque value along the characteristic line portion 32B of the characteristic line 32 in FIG.

Therefore, in the next step 7, the engine 10 sets the pump input torque in the range of rotational speed N2～N3, as a second target input torque T2 by the pump input torque setting unit 30B. As shown in FIG. 6, the second target input torque T2 is set as a constant torque value that is lower than the rated torque Tr of the engine 10 by the second margin allowance ΔT2.

  In the next step 8, the torque reduction control according to the second target input torque T <b> 2 is executed by the regulator 16. That is, the pump capacity control device 30C obtains the target torque characteristic 35 when the second target input torque T2 is set by the pump input torque setting device 30B as shown in FIG. The target torque characteristic 35 at this time is a torque characteristic determined based on the target input torque T2. On this basis, the pump capacity control device 30C has a target torque characteristic in which the relationship (PQ characteristic) between the discharge pressure P and the discharge capacity Q of the hydraulic pump 12 is within a range smaller than the target torque characteristic 35 shown in FIG. The discharge capacity Q of the hydraulic pump 12 is variably controlled according to the discharge pressure P by the regulator 16 so as not to exceed 35. After that, the process returns at the next step 5, and the processes after step 1 are repeated.

  Next, when it is determined as “NO” in Step 6, since the target rotational speed Nt is set to be equal to or less than the specified rotational speed N2, in the next Step 9, the low frequency side output of the engine 10 based on the target rotational speed Nt. The torque Te is calculated as a torque value (for example, a torque value between the output torques Te1 and Te2) along the characteristic line portion 32C of the characteristic line 32 shown in FIG. In other words, the output torque calculation device 30A, when the target rotation speed Nt is set to an arbitrary rotation speed between the low rotation speeds N1 and N2, represents the low-frequency output torque Te at this time as a characteristic of the characteristic line 32. An arbitrary torque value in the range of the output torque Te1 to Te2 by the line portion 32C is calculated one by one for each case.

In the next step 10, the engine 10 is set by the pump input torque setting device 30B a pump input torque as the low-side target input torque Ta at low rotational speed range (rpm N1~N2). As shown in FIG. 6, the low-frequency side target input torque Ta (ie, Ta = Ta1 to Ta2) is a predetermined margin with respect to the low-frequency side output torque Te (ie, Te = Te1 to Te2) of the engine 10. It is set as a torque value lowered by ΔTa. That is, the low-frequency side target input torque Ta of the hydraulic pump 12 is a torque value variably set along the inclined line 33 shown in FIG. 6 in the low-speed range (rotations N1 to N2) of the engine 10. is there.

  In the next step 11, torque reduction control according to the low-frequency side target input torque Ta (that is, Ta = Ta1 to Ta2) is executed by the regulator 16. That is, the pump displacement control device 30C obtains the target torque characteristic 36 when the low-frequency side target input torque Ta is set by the pump input torque setting device 30B as shown in FIG. The target torque characteristic 36 at this time is a low-frequency torque characteristic determined based on the target input torque Ta. In addition, since the low-frequency side target input torque Ta is a torque value that is variably set within the range of the target input torque Ta1 to Ta2, the low-frequency side target torque characteristic 36 is a target torque characteristic indicated by a solid line in FIG. 35 and a target torque characteristic 37 indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 7 are variable characteristics that change as indicated by arrows.

  Specifically, the target rotational speed Nt of the engine 10 is increased from the minimum rotational speed N1 side toward the specified rotational speed N2, and the low-frequency side target input torque Ta of the hydraulic pump 12 becomes the target input torque Ta2 shown in FIG. 7, the low-frequency side target torque characteristic 36 indicated by the solid line in FIG. 7 approaches the target torque characteristic 35 gradually. When the low-frequency side target input torque Ta matches the target input torque Ta2, the same characteristic as the target torque characteristic 35 is obtained. On the other hand, when the target rotational speed Nt of the engine 10 is decreased toward the minimum rotational speed N1, and the target input torque Ta of the hydraulic pump 12 approaches the target input torque Ta1 shown in FIG. The characteristic approaches the target torque characteristic 37 indicated by a dotted line in FIG. When the target input torque Ta matches the target input torque Ta1, the same characteristic as the target torque characteristic 37 is obtained.

  On this basis, the pump displacement control device 30C has a low-range target torque characteristic 36 shown in FIG. 7 (between a target torque characteristic 35 shown by a solid line in FIG. 7 and a target torque characteristic 37 shown by a dotted line in FIG. 7). The discharge capacity Q of the hydraulic pump 12 is variably controlled according to the discharge pressure P by the regulator 16 within a range smaller than the characteristic. Since the discharge pressure P of the hydraulic pump 12 changes according to, for example, the inertial load received by the hydraulic motor 21, the regulator 16 has a low relationship in which the relationship between the discharge pressure P and the discharge capacity Q of the hydraulic pump 12 is variable as described above. The displacement variable portion 12A of the hydraulic pump 12 is tilt-controlled so as not to exceed the range of the region side target torque characteristic 36. After that, the process returns at the next step 5, and the processes after step 1 are repeated.

  By the way, the small-swivel (small) hydraulic excavator 1 having a small and compact structure has a relatively small earth and sand excavation force by the working device 5 as compared with a large-sized and medium-sized model. There is a demand to make 10 as small as possible. For this reason, in the present embodiment, an engine with a supercharger 11 is used as the engine 10 serving as a prime mover, and the combustion torque of the fuel is increased by the supercharger 11, thereby increasing the output torque in a high engine speed range. I can do it.

  FIG. 11 shows the relationship between the engine speed N and the output torque T according to the comparative example. As shown in FIG. 11, the engine according to the comparative example (without the supercharger) does not greatly reduce the output torque even in the low rotation range, and is equal to or higher than the rated torque Tr. For this reason, the hydraulic pump input torque Tp has only to be set to a constant torque value that is about 10% smaller than the rated torque Tr, and there is no possibility of causing engine stall even in a low engine speed range.

  On the other hand, in the first embodiment, by using the engine 10 with the supercharger 11, for example, an engine with a displacement of about 1.5 L (liter), for example, an engine with about 2.2 L (for example) Therefore, the engine 10 can be reduced in size and energy can be saved. However, in the engine 10 with the supercharger 11, in the low speed range of the engine 10 (for example, the range lower than the specified rotational speed N2 in FIG. 6), the amount of intake air is insufficient and the torque reduction rate increases. Tend. For this reason, the engine 10 may be overloaded when the hydraulic pump 12 is driven in a low rotational speed range, and may cause an engine stall.

  Therefore, in the first embodiment, the first margin with respect to the rated torque Tr of the engine 10 in a high engine speed range where the engine speed N (engine speed) is equal to or greater than the maximum torque generation speed N3. The torque reduced by the allowance ΔT1 is set as the first target input torque T1 of the hydraulic pump 12. When the engine speed is in the range of the engine speeds N2 to N3 (mid-range engine speed), a torque obtained by lowering the rated torque Tr by a second margin ΔT2 (ΔT2> ΔT1) is set as the second target input torque T2. Set. Further, in a low engine speed range (the engine speed N1 to N2) where the engine speed is equal to or less than the specified engine speed N2, a predetermined margin with respect to the low frequency output torque Te of the engine 10 (that is, Te = Te1 to Te2). The torque value (pump input torque) reduced by the allowance ΔTa is set as the low-frequency side target input torque Ta.

  Thereby, the pump input torque setting device 30B can set the pump input torque in three stages of the first and second target input torques T1 and T2 and the low-frequency side target input torque Ta. Further, the pump capacity control device 30C obtains the target torque characteristic 36 when the low-frequency side target input torque Ta is set by the pump input torque setting device 30B as shown in FIG. Moreover, since the low-frequency side target input torque Ta is variably set in the range of the target input torques Ta1 to Ta2, the low-frequency side target torque characteristic 36 is the same as the target torque characteristic 35 shown by the solid line in FIG. It is a variable characteristic that changes as indicated by an arrow between the target torque characteristic 37 indicated by a dotted line inside.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, the target input torques T1, T2, and Ta of the hydraulic pump 12 can be set smaller than the output torque T with respect to the output torque T of the engine 10 according to the characteristic line 32. The hydraulic load when driving the hydraulic pump 12 can be prevented from acting as an excessive load on the engine 10. For this reason, the engine 10 with the supercharger 11 can be used to reduce the size and energy of the engine 10 and to suppress the occurrence of engine stall even in the low engine speed range.

  In this case, the discharge pressure P of the hydraulic pump 12 changes according to, for example, an inertia load received by the hydraulic motor 21. However, the regulator 16 has a low-frequency side target torque characteristic 36 in which the relationship between the discharge pressure P and the discharge capacity Q of the hydraulic pump 12 is variable as described above in accordance with a control signal from the control device 28 (pump capacity control device 30C). The displacement variable portion 12A of the hydraulic pump 12 is tilt-controlled so as not to exceed the range. For this reason, it is possible to suppress the engine 10 from being overloaded from the hydraulic pump 12 even in the low engine speed range (the engine speeds N1 to N2), and to prevent the engine stall.

  Next, FIGS. 8 to 10 show a second embodiment. The feature of the present embodiment is that the pump input torque is set in two stages, that is, the third target input torque T3 (target input torque fixed at a constant value) and the low-frequency side target input torque Ta by the pump input torque setting device. The configuration is to be set. In the second embodiment, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

Here, the pump input torque setting unit 30B, to the extent the engine 10 is greater than the predetermined rotational speed N2 (N2 to N4), the torque reduced by the third margin ΔT3 the rated torque Tr of the engine 10 The third target input torque T3 of the hydraulic pump 12 is set. In the range of the low engine speed range (N1 to N2) where the engine 10 is equal to or less than the specified engine speed N2, the low-frequency side target input torque Ta is set in the same manner as in the first embodiment described above.

  For the third target input torque T3, the allowance ΔT3 with respect to the rated torque Tr may be set to a value equal to the second allowance ΔT2 described in the first embodiment, or set to a different value. May be. In other words, the specified rotational speed N2 may be a rotational speed that can avoid the possibility of causing an engine stall when the engine 10 is in a low temperature state and suddenly operates the operation lever 23A or the like. For this reason, the specified rotational speed N2 is higher than the minimum rotational speed N1 and lower than the maximum torque generating rotational speed N3, and may be a rotational speed that can avoid engine stall of the engine 10 under the above-described conditions. For example, an arbitrary number of rotations can be set to the specified number of rotations N2.

  When the third target input torque T3 is set by the pump input torque setting device 30B, the pump capacity control device 30C has a target torque characteristic 41 that is determined based on the target input torque T3, within the range of the hydraulic pump 12. The discharge capacity Q is variably controlled according to the discharge pressure P. That is, the regulator 16 controls the displacement of the displacement variable portion 12A of the hydraulic pump 12 so that the relationship between the discharge pressure P and the discharge capacity Q of the hydraulic pump 12 does not exceed the range of the target torque characteristic 41.

  Next, calculation of output torque based on the target rotational speed Nt and reduction torque control processing according to the target input torque according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

  When the processing operation of FIG. 8 starts with the engine 10 running, the target rotational speed Nt by the rotational speed instruction device 31 is read in step 21. In the next step 22, it is determined whether or not the target rotational speed Nt is larger than the specified rotational speed N2. When “YES” is determined in step 22, the target rotational speed Nt is larger than the specified rotational speed N 2, and therefore the output torque T of the engine 10 follows the characteristic line portions 32 A and 32 B of the characteristic line 32 in FIG. Torque value.

Therefore, in the next step 23, the engine 10 sets the pump input torque in the range of rotational speed N2 to N4, as the third target input torque T3 by pump input torque setting unit 30B. As shown in FIG. 9, the third target input torque T3 is set as a constant torque value that is lower than the rated torque Tr of the engine 10 by the third margin allowance ΔT3.

  In the next step 24, the torque reduction control according to the third target input torque T3 is executed by the regulator 16. That is, the pump displacement control device 30C obtains the target torque characteristic 41 when the third target input torque T3 is set by the pump input torque setting device 30B as shown in FIG. The target torque characteristic 41 at this time is a torque characteristic determined based on the target input torque T3. On this basis, the pump capacity control device 30C has a target torque characteristic in which the relationship (PQ characteristic) between the discharge pressure P and the discharge capacity Q of the hydraulic pump 12 is within a range smaller than the target torque characteristic 41 shown in FIG. The discharge capacity Q of the hydraulic pump 12 is variably controlled according to the discharge pressure P by the regulator 16 so as not to exceed 41. After that, the process returns at the next step 25, and the processes after step 21 are repeated.

  When it is determined as “NO” in Step 22, the target rotational speed Nt is set to be equal to or less than the specified rotational speed N2, so the rotational speed N of the engine 10 is in a low rotational speed range. Therefore, the processing from the next steps 26 to 28 is performed in the same manner as the processing from steps 9 to 11 in FIG. 5 according to the first embodiment described above. After that, the process returns at the next step 25, and the processes after step 21 are repeated.

  In the low speed range of the engine 10, the pump displacement control device 30 </ b> C has a low-range side target torque characteristic 42 shown in FIG. 10 (that is, a target torque characteristic 41 indicated by a solid line in FIG. The discharge capacity Q of the hydraulic pump 12 is variably controlled according to the discharge pressure P by the regulator 16 within a range smaller than the characteristic between the torque characteristics 43. Since the discharge pressure P of the hydraulic pump 12 changes according to, for example, the inertial load received by the hydraulic motor 21, the regulator 16 has a low relationship in which the relationship between the discharge pressure P and the discharge capacity Q of the hydraulic pump 12 is variable as described above. The displacement variable portion 12A of the hydraulic pump 12 is tilt-controlled so as not to exceed the range of the region-side target torque characteristic 43.

  Thus, also in the second embodiment configured as described above, the engine 10 with the supercharger 11 can be used to reduce the size and energy of the engine 10, and Generation of engine stall can be suppressed even in a low rotational speed range, and substantially the same operational effects as those of the first embodiment described above can be obtained.

In particular, in the second embodiment, the pump input torque is set by the pump input torque setting device 30B in two stages, that is, the third target input torque T3 (a constant target input torque) and the low-frequency side target input torque Ta. The configuration is set. For this reason, the pump input torque (target input torque) setting process by the pump input torque setting device 30B can be simplified, and the overall control process can be simplified and made more efficient.
it can.

  In the second embodiment, the case where the third margin allowance ΔT3 for the rated torque Tr is set to a value equal to, for example, the second allowance ΔT2 described in the first embodiment is illustrated. explained. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the third margin allowance ΔT3 and the third target input torque T3 may be set to different values. That is, the specified rotational speed N2 may be any rotational speed that can avoid engine stall when the engine 10 is in a low temperature state and suddenly operates the operation lever 23A or the like. For this reason, the specified rotational speed N2 is higher than the minimum rotational speed N1 and lower than the maximum torque generating rotational speed N3, and may be a rotational speed that can avoid engine stall of the engine 10 under the above-described conditions. For example, an arbitrary number of rotations can be set to the specified number of rotations N2. Therefore, the third target input torque T3 (third margin allowance ΔT3) can be changed according to what kind of rotation speed the specified rotation speed N2 is specified (selected).

  Further, in each of the above-described embodiments, the description has been given by taking as an example the rear small-turn hydraulic excavator 1 using the swing post type working device 5 as a small hydraulic excavator. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and may be applied to, for example, a small hydraulic excavator of a type using a swing arm type working device. Further, a hydraulic excavator of a type that covers the driver's seat from above using a canopy instead of the cab 8 may be used.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hydraulic excavator 2 Lower traveling body 4 Upper turning body 5 Working device 6 Turning frame 9 Counterweight 10 Engine 11 Supercharger 12 Hydraulic pump 12A Capacity variable part 13 Hydraulic oil tank 14 Heat exchanger 16 Regulator (capacity variable actuator)
17 Casing 21 Hydraulic motor (hydraulic actuator)
22 Directional control valve 23 Operating valve (operating device)
23A Operation lever 25 Pressure sensor (pressure detector)
26 Governor device 27 Rotation sensor (Rotation speed detection device)
28 Control Device 29 Engine Controller 30 Car Body Controller 30A Output Torque Calculation Device 30B Pump Input Torque Calculation Device 30C Pump Capacity Control Device 31 Speed Indicators 34 to 37, 41 to 43 Target Torque Characteristics N1 Minimum Speed N2 Specified Speed N3 Maximum Torque generation rotational speed N4 Maximum rotational speed T1 First target input torque T2 Second target input torque T3 Third target input torque Ta Low-frequency target input torque Te Low-frequency output torque ΔT1 First margin ΔT2 First 2 allowance ΔT3 3rd allowance ΔTa allowance

Claims (4)

An engine provided with a supercharger, a variable displacement hydraulic pump driven by the engine, a directional control valve for supplying hydraulic oil discharged from the hydraulic pump to a hydraulic actuator, and switching the directional control valve An operating device to be operated; a rotational speed instruction device for instructing a target rotational speed of the engine by an external operation; and controlling the rotational speed of the engine according to the target rotational speed by the rotational speed instruction device, and discharging the hydraulic pump In a small hydraulic excavator comprising: a control device that controls the capacity of the hydraulic pump so that the relationship between the pressure and the discharge capacity becomes a characteristic based on the horsepower curve of the engine,
The control device includes:
An output torque calculating device for calculating an output torque of the engine based on a target engine speed of the engine by the engine speed indicating device;
A pump input torque setting device for setting the input torque of the hydraulic pump to a value smaller than the output torque of the engine calculated by the output torque calculation device with a margin;
A pump capacity control device that variably controls the discharge capacity of the hydraulic pump in accordance with the discharge pressure within the range of the input torque set by the pump input torque setting device,
The minimum operating speed for rotating the engine near no load is N1, the ambient temperature is negative, and the operating device is suddenly operated in a state where the temperature of the engine is low and the viscosity of the hydraulic oil is high. In some cases, the rotation speed for avoiding the engine from stalling is N2, and the output torque calculation device is calculated based on the target rotation speed of the engine within a low rotation speed range equal to or lower than the rotation speed N2. When the low frequency side output torque of the engine is Te,
Said pump input torque setting device,
When the engine has a low rotational speed N1 to N2, the torque for reducing torque, which is reduced by a predetermined margin ΔTa with respect to the low-frequency output torque Te of the engine, is reduced to the low-frequency target input torque of the hydraulic pump. Set as Ta,
The pump capacity controller is
Since the torque reduction control is performed according to the low-frequency side target input torque Ta by the pump input torque setting device, the discharge of the hydraulic pump is performed within the range of the low-frequency side target torque characteristics determined based on the low-frequency side target input torque Ta. A small hydraulic excavator characterized by variably controlling a capacity and the discharge pressure. Low-side target input torque Ta of the hydraulic pump set by the pump input torque setting device, at a lower range of rotational speed N1~N2 of the engine, varies in accordance with the low frequency side output torque Te of the engine The small-sized hydraulic excavator according to claim 1, wherein the excavator is configured as a torque. When the maximum torque generation rotational speed of the engine is N3 and the maximum rotational speed of the engine is N4,
Said pump input torque setting device,
In the range of the engine speed N3 to N4, a torque obtained by lowering the rated torque Tr of the engine by a first margin allowance ΔT1 is set as the first target input torque T1 of the hydraulic pump,
In the range of the engine speed N2 to N3, a torque obtained by lowering the rated torque Tr of the engine by a second margin allowance ΔT2 larger than the first margin allowance ΔT1 is a second target of the hydraulic pump. Set as input torque T2,
The pump capacity controller is
When the first target input torque T1 is set by the pump input torque setting device, the discharge capacity of the hydraulic pump is set within the range of target torque characteristics determined based on the first target input torque T1. Variably controlled according to pressure,
When the second target input torque T2 is set by the pump input torque setting device, the discharge capacity of the hydraulic pump is set to the discharge pressure within a range of target torque characteristics determined based on the second target input torque T2. The small hydraulic excavator according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic excavator is configured to be variably controlled according to the operation. When the maximum engine speed is N4,
Said pump input torque setting device,
In the range of the engine speed N2 to N4, a torque obtained by lowering the rated torque Tr of the engine by a third margin allowance ΔT3 is set as a third target input torque T3 of the hydraulic pump,
The pump capacity controller is
When the third target input torque T3 is set by the pump input torque setting device, the discharge capacity of the hydraulic pump is discharged within a range of target torque characteristics determined based on the third target input torque T3. The small hydraulic excavator according to claim 1, wherein the excavator is configured to be variably controlled according to pressure.

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