JP6333360B2 - 制御された膜分離ユニットを用いた均一系触媒の分離 - Google Patents
制御された膜分離ユニットを用いた均一系触媒の分離 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/40—Regeneration or reactivation
- B01J31/4015—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals
- B01J31/4023—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J31/4038—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper containing noble metals
- B01J31/4046—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper containing noble metals containing rhodium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/40—Regeneration or reactivation
- B01J31/4015—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals
- B01J31/4061—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals involving membrane separation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/14—Pressure control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/26—Further operations combined with membrane separation processes
- B01D2311/2696—Catalytic reactions
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
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Description
Falbe,Juergen:New Syntheses with Carbon Monoxide.Springer,1980(ヒドロホルミル化に関する標準的な著作物)
Pruett,Roy.:Hydroformylation.Advances in Organometallic Chemistry.第17巻,第1頁〜第60頁,1979年(レビュー論文)
Frohning,Carl D.and Kohlpaintner,Christian W.:Hydroformylation(Oxo Synthesis,Roelen Reaction).Applied homogeneous catalysis with organometallic compounds.Wiley,1996年,第29頁〜第104頁(レビュー論文)
Van Leeuwen,Piet W.N.M and Claver,Carmen(Edit.):Rhodium Catalyzed Hydroformylation.Catalysis by Metal Complexes.Volume 22.Kluwer,2000(Rh触媒によるヒドロホルミル化に関するモノグラフ。化学作用への重点、或いはまたプロセス工学的な側面も論じられる)
R.Franke,D.Selent and A.Boerner:“Applied Hydroformylation”,Chem.Rev.,2012,DOI:10.1021/cr3001803(現状調査の概観)
外乱の影響下にある連続操作されるどの技術システムにも制御が必要である。これは化学反応の工業的な実施にも当てはまる。たしかに、反応は実質的に定常かつ公知の条件下で運転されることから、制御の煩雑性はマシン及びビークルと比べてより軽減されることになる。しかしながら、それでも外乱が出発混合物の組成の変動となってこの場合も現れる。したがって、ヒドロホルミル化の基材は、ヒドロホルミル化用のプラントに原料ソースのみから供給されない場合、様々なソースに由来していてよい。プラントが唯一の原料ソース、例えば石油のクラッカーに直接接続されている場合ですら、クラッカーによって送り込まれた反応混合物は、当該クラッカーが原料の需要に応じて様々に送られる場合、その組成に関して変動してよい。用いられた合成ガスの組成も、工業的実施においては変化しやすい。殊にこれは、合成ガスが、様々なソースに由来する廃棄物質から取得されるケースに当てはまる。
R=1−xp/xR
例えば、膜分離ユニットの保持力の制御は、少なくとも部分的にオーバーフロー循環路の温度制御によって行うことができる。それというのも、オーバーフロー循環路の温度は、膜分離ユニットの保持力に影響を及ぼすことを見出したからである。それゆえ、オーバーフロー循環路の単純な温度制御によって、膜分離ユニットの保持力を調節することが可能である。
a)均一系触媒を含有する反応混合物を製造するための反応ゾーン;
b)均一系触媒を反応混合物から分離して、均一系触媒が減損した透過液及び均一系触媒が富化した保持液を得るための膜分離ユニット;
c)均一系触媒が富化した保持液を反応ゾーン内に返送するための触媒還流路;
d)膜分離ユニットの保持力及び保持液体積流量の制御手段
を有する。
Deen,N.G.,Mudde,R.F.,Kuipers,J.A.M.,Zehner,P.and Kraume,M.:Bubble Columns.Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry.Published Online:15 January 2010.DOI:10.1002/14356007.b04_275.pub2
Claims (15)
- 少なくとも1つの膜分離ユニットを用いて反応混合物から均一系触媒を分離する方法であって、前記均一系触媒を含有しかつ反応ゾーンから生じる反応混合物を供給液として前記膜分離ユニットに送り込み、前記均一系触媒が前記膜分離ユニットの透過液中では減損しかつ前記膜分離ユニットの保持液中では富化し、並びに前記膜分離ユニットの前記保持液を前記反応ゾーン内に返送する前記方法において、
前記膜分離ユニットの前記保持液の体積流量と前記膜分離ユニットの保持力との両方を制御によって一定に保ち、
前記反応混合物は、反応ゾーンから連続的に取り出されることを特徴とする、前記方法。 - 前記反応ゾーンから排出された前記反応混合物の体積流量が変動することを特徴とする、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記反応ゾーンから排出された前記反応混合物をバッファー容器中に初めに装入し、前記容器から、移送体積について調節可能な第一の移送装置を用いて前記反応混合物を供給液として前記膜分離ユニットに供給し、ここで、前記供給液の体積流量を、前記バッファー容器の充填レベルに応じた前記第一の移送装置の前記移送体積の調節によって、前記充填レベルが上がったときにかつ/又は前記充填レベルの上昇とともに前記体積流量を増大し、並びに前記充填レベルが下がったときにかつ/又は前記充填レベルの低下とともに前記体積流量を減少するように制御することを特徴とする、請求項2記載の方法。
- 前記膜分離ユニットが、循環ポンプによって動作されるオーバーフロー循環路を有することを特徴とする、請求項1、2又は3記載の方法。
- 前記膜分離ユニットの前記保持力の前記制御を、少なくとも部分的に前記オーバーフロー循環路の温度の制御によって行うことを特徴とする、請求項4記載の方法。
- 前記膜分離ユニットの前記保持力の前記制御を、少なくとも部分的に前記オーバーフロー循環路内の圧力を制御することによって行うことを特徴とする、請求項4又は5記載の方法。
- 前記オーバーフロー循環路内の前記圧力の前記制御を、前記オーバーフロー循環路内で圧力が高まったときに前記膜分離ユニットの透過液中に配置された調節可能な流抵抗を下げることによって行うことを特徴とする、請求項6記載の方法。
- 前記膜分離ユニットの前記透過液の一部を制御貯蔵器中に捕集すること、及び前記オーバーフロー循環路内の前記圧力の前記制御を、前記オーバーフロー循環路内で圧力が下がったときに透過液を前記制御貯蔵器から前記オーバーフロー循環路内又は前記バッファー容器中に移送することによって行うことを特徴とする、請求項6又は7記載の方法。
- 前記制御貯蔵器から前記オーバーフロー循環路内又は前記バッファー容器中への前記透過液の前記移送を、移送体積について調節可能な第二の移送装置を用いて行うこと、前記膜分離ユニットの前記オーバーフロー循環路と前記透過液との差圧を測定すること、及び前記差圧に応じて前記第二の移送装置の前記移送体積を調節することを特徴とする請求項8記載の方法。
- 前記オーバーフローの速度を、前記膜分離ユニットの前記オーバーフロー循環路内で一定に保つことを特徴とする、請求項4から9までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記オーバーフローの速度を、移送体積について調節可能な循環ポンプを用いて、前記循環ポンプの前記移送体積を前記オーバーフローの速度に応じて調節することにより一定に保つことを特徴とする、請求項10記載の方法。
- 前記膜分離ユニットの前記保持液の前記体積流量を、前記保持液中に配置された調節可能な流抵抗を用いて一定に保ち、前記保持液の前記流抵抗を、前記保持液の前記体積流量に応じて調節することを特徴とする、請求項1から11までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記反応ゾーン内で均一系触媒による少なくとも1つの気相/液相反応を実施し、殊に前記反応が、以下の反応のグループ:酸化、エポキシ化、ヒドロホルミル化、ヒドロアミノ化、ヒドロアミノメチル化、ヒドロシアノ化、ヒドロカルボキシアルキル化、アミノ化、アンモ酸化、オキシム化、ヒドロシリル化、エトキシ化、プロポキシ化、カルボニル化、テロマー化、メタセシス、鈴木カップリング又は水素化から選択されたものであることを特徴とする、請求項1から12までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記反応ゾーン内で、少なくとも1つのエチレン性不飽和二重結合を有する少なくとも1つの物質を有機金属錯体触媒の存在下に一酸化炭素及び水素と反応させることによってヒドロホルミル化することを特徴とする、請求項13記載の方法。
- 請求項1から14までのいずれか1項記載の方法を実施するための装置であって、
a)均一系触媒を含有する反応混合物を製造するための反応ゾーン;
b)前記均一系触媒を前記反応混合物から分離して、均一系触媒が減損した透過液及び均一系触媒が富化した保持液を得るための少なくとも1つの膜分離ユニット;
c)及び均一系触媒が富化した保持液を前記反応ゾーン内に返送するための触媒還流路を有する前記装置において、
d)前記膜分離ユニットの前記保持力及び前記保持液の体積流量を制御する手段
を有することを特徴する、前記装置。
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DE102013215004A1 (de) | 2013-07-31 | 2015-02-05 | Evonik Industries Ag | Membrankaskade mit sinkender Trenntemperatur |
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US20220193609A1 (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2022-06-23 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Variable, self-regulating permeate recycling in organophilic nanofiltration |
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