JP6384596B2 - リチウムイオン電池用アノード材料 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン電池用アノード材料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6384596B2 JP6384596B2 JP2017511959A JP2017511959A JP6384596B2 JP 6384596 B2 JP6384596 B2 JP 6384596B2 JP 2017511959 A JP2017511959 A JP 2017511959A JP 2017511959 A JP2017511959 A JP 2017511959A JP 6384596 B2 JP6384596 B2 JP 6384596B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- anode material
- lithium ion
- hard carbon
- active material
- ion battery
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 50
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 22
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007833 carbon precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- HXLAEGYMDGUSBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[diethoxy(methyl)silyl]propan-1-amine Chemical group CCO[Si](C)(OCC)CCCN HXLAEGYMDGUSBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000837 carbohydrate group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 3
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 3
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013131 LiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- QCWIHGGCXCEUNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N S(=O)(=O)(O)OS(=O)(=O)O.[Ti] Chemical compound S(=O)(=O)(O)OS(=O)(=O)O.[Ti] QCWIHGGCXCEUNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWJVFBOUPMWANA-UHFFFAOYSA-H [Li+].[V+5].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [Li+].[V+5].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O YWJVFBOUPMWANA-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- DNAUMUFJBKXINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mo].S(=O)(=O)(O)OS(=O)(=O)O Chemical compound [Mo].S(=O)(=O)(O)OS(=O)(=O)O DNAUMUFJBKXINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- YMLFYGFCXGNERH-UHFFFAOYSA-K butyltin trichloride Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl YMLFYGFCXGNERH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012461 cellulose resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001786 chalcogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004807 desolvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007849 furan resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005001 laminate film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ILXAVRFGLBYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium;manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Mn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ILXAVRFGLBYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001465 mixed metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002073 nanorod Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004729 solvothermal method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000003021 water soluble solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G19/00—Compounds of tin
- C01G19/02—Oxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/74—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by peak-intensities or a ratio thereof only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/30—Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
- C01P2004/32—Spheres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
-
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Description
本発明の目的は、各粒子中でのより少ない含有量変化をもつ活物質埋設ハードカーボンを含むリチウムイオン電池用アノード材料及び該アノード材料を含むリチウムイオン電池を提供することである。
本発明の一実施形態例は活物質埋設ハードカーボンを含むリチウムイオン電池用アノード材料に関する。
本実施形態例のアノード材料は、溶媒熱合成、特に水を溶媒として用いる水熱合成により得られる。まず、炭素前駆体を水等の溶媒中に溶解することによって炭素前駆体溶液が提供される。次に、活物質用の前駆体が炭素前駆体溶液に添加され、次いで該混合物を高圧雰囲気下に加熱する。反応装置として、オートクレーブなどの耐圧容器が通常用いられる。溶媒熱(水熱)合成により、活物質用の前駆体は結晶形、特にナノ結晶形を持つ活物質に変換される。本実施形態例において、活物質はシリコン及びスズから選択される少なくとも1種の酸化物を含む。活物質は通常、二酸化シリコン又は二酸化スズであるが、それらは非酸化金属部分を含んでいてもよい。溶媒熱(水熱)合成中、炭素前駆体は分解され、該活物質または該活物質の凝集体上に吸着する。分解された炭素前駆体はその後不活性雰囲気下高温で炭化され、ハードカーボンに変換される。
1)ハードカーボン中に埋め込まれた活物質が、充放電の間、直接電解液(溶媒)と接触しない。そのため、SEIはサイクル中ハードカーボンの表面にのみ形成され、高いクーロン効率及び長いサイクル寿命を有する。
2)活物質は、純粋な活物質よりも低抵抗なハードカーボンで被覆されている。
3)活物質がハードカーボン前駆体の分解とin situで製造されるため、活物質はハードカーボン中に原子レベルの均一分散で分散される。それゆえ、各粒子内での活物質の含有量偏差を減らすことができる。
別の実施形態例は、上記実施形態例に係るアノード材料を含む負極を含むリチウムイオン電池に関する。アノード材料は、少なくともグラファイトの容量、すなわち372mAh/gの容量を有している。電池はまた、活物質を含む正極と、少なくとも一種の非水系溶媒に溶解したリチウム塩を含む電解質と、電解質とリチウムイオンが第一の側から対向する第二の側に流れるように構成されたセパレータを備える。
6.84g(20ミリモル)のショ糖を100mlの脱イオン水に添加し、混合物を60℃で30分間磁気攪拌して炭素前駆体溶液を得た。次いで、3.78g(20ミリモル)のSnCl2を炭素前駆体溶液にゆっくりと添加した。混合物を300mlテフロン(登録商標)被覆ステンレスオートクレーブに装入した。続いて、オートクレーブをオーブン中に入れて、180℃で4時間加熱した。オートクレーブは室温まで自然冷却した。暗色沈殿物を回収し、脱イオン水で数回洗浄し、オーブン中100℃で24時間乾燥した。得られた粉末をN2雰囲気下にオーブンで炭化してアノード材料Aを得た。炭化は、N2流量100ml/分、昇温速度5℃/分で、最終温度1000℃で実施した。アノード材料AのSEM画像を図1に示す。図1に示すように、アノード材料Aは滑らかな表面形態を有する球形粒子である。図2は、アノード材料AのX線回折である。アノード材料AにおけるSnO2の(110)面は、他の面が同じ入射角に留まっているのに対し、他の方法で合成したSnO2に比較してより高い入射角(2θ)にシフトした。さらに、アノード材料AにおけるSnO2の(110)面の(101)に対する強度比は1.1より高く、他の方法で合成したSnO2の強度比はいつも1未満である。
6.84g(20ミリモル)のショ糖を100mlの脱イオン水に添加し、混合物を60℃で30分間磁気攪拌して炭素前駆体溶液を得た。次いで、10ml(48ミリモル)の3−アミノプロピルメチルジエトキシシランを炭素前駆体溶液にゆっくりと添加した。混合物を300mlテフロン(登録商標)被覆ステンレスオートクレーブに装入した。続いて、オートクレーブをオーブン中に入れて、180℃で4時間加熱した。オートクレーブは室温まで自然冷却した。暗色沈殿物を回収し、脱イオン水で数回洗浄し、オーブン中100℃で24時間乾燥した。得られた粉末をN2雰囲気下にオーブンで炭化してアノード材料Bを得た。炭化は、N2流量100ml/分、昇温速度5℃/分で、最終温度1000℃で実施した。アノード材料BのSEM画像を図3に示す。水熱合成中、シリコン酸化物は棒状結晶に成長している。
平均直径10μmSnO2粒子がアノード材料Cとして使用された。
平均直径5μmSiO粒子が、アノード材料Dとして使用された。
アノード材料A〜Dのそれぞれと、カーボンブラック、およびPVDFを91:1:8の重量比でN−メチルピロリドン(NMP)中に混合して、スラリーを調製した。該スラリーを、銅箔上に塗布し、15分間120℃で乾燥させ薄い基体を形成した。次に基体を50g/m2の荷重で45μm厚にプレスし、N2雰囲気下、2時間200℃で加熱処理して負極を作製した。
該負極を作用電極として用い、金属リチウム箔を対向電極として用いた。作用電極と対向電極間に多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムからなるセパレータを挿入した。ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)とエチレンカーボネート(EC)を7:3の体積比での混合溶媒に1MのLiPF6を溶解して電解液を調製し、ラミネートハーフセルを作製した。
Claims (14)
- シリコン酸化物活物質がハードカーボン中に埋設されたリチウムイオン電池用アノード材料の製造方法であって、
前記シリコン酸化物の前駆体と、前記ハードカーボンの前駆体を含む媒体中で溶媒熱合成によって、前記シリコン酸化物の前駆体のナノ結晶形を持つ活物質への変換と前記ハードカーボンへの埋設を同時に行うことを特徴とするアノード材料の製造方法。 - 前記溶媒熱合成は溶媒として水を用いる請求項1に記載のアノード材料の製造方法。
- 前記ハードカーボンの前駆体が糖類である請求項2に記載のアノード材料の製造方法。
- 前記アノード材料の大きさが20nm〜80μmである請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のアノード材料の製造方法。
- 前記活物質の大きさが100nm未満である請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のアノード材料の製造方法。
- 前記ハードカーボンは、ホウ素又は窒素でドープされている請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のアノード材料の製造方法。
- 前記シリコン酸化物の前駆体は3−アミノプロピルメチルジエトキシシランである請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のアノード材料の製造方法。
- 正負極電極を含むリチウムイオン電池の製造方法であって、前記負極に含まれるアノード材料が請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のアノード材料の製造方法により製造されたものであるリチウムイオン電池の製造方法。
- 前記アノード材料が少なくとも372mAh/gの容量を有する請求項8に記載のリチウムイオン電池の製造方法。
- リチウムイオン電池用のアノード材料であって、ハードカーボンの中に活物質が埋め込まれており、前記活物質はシリコンの酸化物であり、前記活物質の粒径は10nm未満であることを特徴とするアノード材料。
- 前記アノード材料の大きさが20nm〜80μmである請求項10に記載のアノード材料。
- 前記ハードカーボンは、ホウ素又は窒素でドープされている請求項10〜11のいずれか1項に記載のアノード材料。
- 正負極電極を含むリチウムイオン電池であって、前記負極に含まれるアノード材料が請求項10〜12のいずれか1項に記載のアノード材料であるリチウムイオン電池。
- 前記アノード材料が少なくとも372mAh/gの容量を有する請求項13に記載のリチウムイオン電池。
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