JP6367185B2 - 炭水化物の選択的酸化 - Google Patents
炭水化物の選択的酸化 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6367185B2 JP6367185B2 JP2015518356A JP2015518356A JP6367185B2 JP 6367185 B2 JP6367185 B2 JP 6367185B2 JP 2015518356 A JP2015518356 A JP 2015518356A JP 2015518356 A JP2015518356 A JP 2015518356A JP 6367185 B2 JP6367185 B2 JP 6367185B2
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- methyl
- carbohydrate
- mmol
- ribo
- dmso
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Classifications
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- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
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- C07H15/22—Cyclohexane rings, substituted by nitrogen atoms
- C07H15/222—Cyclohexane rings substituted by at least two nitrogen atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
- C07H15/02—Acyclic radicals, not substituted by cyclic structures
- C07H15/04—Acyclic radicals, not substituted by cyclic structures attached to an oxygen atom of the saccharide radical
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
- C07H15/18—Acyclic radicals, substituted by carbocyclic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
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- C07H15/22—Cyclohexane rings, substituted by nitrogen atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
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- C07H15/22—Cyclohexane rings, substituted by nitrogen atoms
- C07H15/222—Cyclohexane rings substituted by at least two nitrogen atoms
- C07H15/224—Cyclohexane rings substituted by at least two nitrogen atoms with only one saccharide radical directly attached to the cyclohexyl radical, e.g. destomycin, fortimicin, neamine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
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- C07H15/22—Cyclohexane rings, substituted by nitrogen atoms
- C07H15/222—Cyclohexane rings substituted by at least two nitrogen atoms
- C07H15/226—Cyclohexane rings substituted by at least two nitrogen atoms with at least two saccharide radicals directly attached to the cyclohexane rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
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- C07H15/222—Cyclohexane rings substituted by at least two nitrogen atoms
- C07H15/226—Cyclohexane rings substituted by at least two nitrogen atoms with at least two saccharide radicals directly attached to the cyclohexane rings
- C07H15/228—Cyclohexane rings substituted by at least two nitrogen atoms with at least two saccharide radicals directly attached to the cyclohexane rings attached to adjacent ring-carbon atoms of the cyclohexane rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
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- C07H15/23—Cyclohexane rings substituted by at least two nitrogen atoms with at least two saccharide radicals directly attached to the cyclohexane rings attached to adjacent ring-carbon atoms of the cyclohexane rings with only two saccharide radicals in the molecule, e.g. ambutyrosin, butyrosin, xylostatin, ribostamycin
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Description
実施例1:オキソ−グルコピラノシドの合成
一般手順A(溶媒としてアセトニトリル/水)
メチルグリコシド(4mmol,1.0当量)および2,6−ジクロロベンゾキノン(12mmol,3.0当量)をアセトニトリル/脱イオン水(10:1,0.3M)に懸濁させた。触媒[(2,9−ジメチル−1,10−フェナントロリン)−Pd(μ−OAc)]2(OTf)2(0.1mmol,2.5mol%)を加え、TLC(DCM/MeOH 5:1)によって示されるように、反応が終わるまで混合物を室温で攪拌した。トルエン(50mL)を加え、混合物を水(7mL)で2回抽出した。合わさった水層を一度エチルエーテル(35mL)で洗浄し、濾過し、純粋なケト糖を与えるために真空下で濃縮した。
メチルグリコシド(0.84mmol,1.0当量)および2,6−ジクロロベンゾキノン(2.5mmol,3.0当量)をDMSO(0.3−0.9M)に溶解させた。触媒[(2,9−ジメチル−1,10−フェナントロリン)−Pd(μ−OAc)]2(OTf)2(0.021mmol,2.5mol%)を加え、NMR分光法によって示されるように反応が終了するまで混合物を室温で攪拌した。10mLの水を加え、混合物を濾過し、沈殿物を水(3×2mL)で洗浄した。水層を活性炭カラム(活性炭10g)に通過させた。活性炭カラムは4カラム容量分の水で洗浄され、続いて生成物を水/アセトニトリル3:1(3カラム容量)で抽出した。粗生成物をシリカカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製した(自動化され、粗生成物を活性炭上に塗布した、溶離液:DCM/アセトン/MeOH/水混合物)。
メチルグリコシド(0.15mmol,1.0当量)および2,6−ジクロロベンゾキノン(0.45mmol,3.0当量)をジオキサン/脱イオン水(5:1,0.3M)に懸濁させた。触媒[(2,9−ジメチル−1,10−フェナントロリン)−Pd(μ−OAc)]2(OTf)2(0.1mmol,2.5mol%)を加え、TLC(DCM/MeOH 5:1)によって示されるように、反応が終わるまで混合物を室温で攪拌した。トルエン(2mL)を加え、混合物を水(0.26mL)で2回抽出した。合わさった水層を一度エチルエーテル(1.3mL)で洗浄し、濾過し、純粋なケト糖を与えるために真空下で濃縮した。
メチルグリコシド(0.15mmol,1.0当量)および2,6−ジクロロベンゾキノン(0.45mmol,3.0当量)をジオキサン/DMSO(10:1または20:1,0.3M)に懸濁させた。触媒[(2,9−ジメチル−1,10−フェナントロリン)−Pd(μ−OAc)]2(OTf)2(0.1mmol,2.5mol%)を加え、TLC(DCM/MeOH 5:1)によって示されるように、反応が終わるまで混合物を室温で攪拌した。トルエン(2mL)を加え、混合物を水(0.26mL)で2回抽出した。合わさった水層を一度エチルエーテル(1.3mL)で洗浄し、濾過し、純粋なケト糖(まだDMSOを含む)を与えるために真空下で濃縮した。
メチルグリコシド(0.25mmol,1.0当量)およびベンゾキノン(0.75mmol,3.0当量)をジオキサン/脱イオン水(5:1,0.3M)に懸濁させた。触媒[(2,9−ジメチル−1,10−フェナントロリン)−Pd(μ−OAc)]2(OTf)2(1.25μmol,0.5mol%)を加え、TLC(DCM/MeOH 5:1)によって示されるように、反応が終わるまで混合物を室温で攪拌した。トルエン(2mL)を加え、混合物を水(0.26mL)で2回抽出した。合わさった水層を一度エチルエーテル(1.3mL)で洗浄し、濾過し、純粋なケト糖を与えるために真空下で濃縮した。
メチルグリコシド(0.25mmol,1.0当量)および2,6−ジクロロベンゾキノン(0.75mmol,3.0当量)をジオキサン/DMSO(10:1または20:1,0.3M)に懸濁させた。触媒[(2,9−ジメチル−1,10−フェナントロリン)−Pd(μ−OAc)]2(OTf)2(1.25μmol,0.5mol%)を加え、TLC(DCM/MeOH 5:1)によって示されるように、反応が終わるまで混合物を室温で攪拌した。トルエン(2mL)を加え、混合物を水(0.26mL)で2回抽出した。合わさった水層を一度エチルエーテル(1.3mL)で洗浄し、濾過し、純粋なケト糖(まだDMSOを含む)を与えるために真空下で濃縮した。
酸素(溶媒としてのMeCN/水)
メチル−α−グルコピラノシド(100mg,0.52mmol,1.0当量)をアセトニトリル/脱イオン水(10:1,0.3M)に懸濁させた。触媒[(2,9−ジメチル−1,10−フェナントロリン)−Pd(μ−OAc)]2(OTf)2(13mg,13μmol,2.5mol%)を加え、混合物を酸素雰囲気の下(1気圧)、室温(rt)で撹拌させた。1H−NMRによって示されるように43時間後に69%変換したところで反応が停止した。
メチル−α−グルコピラノシド(100mg,0.52mmol,1.0当量)をDMSO(0.57mL,0.3M)に溶解させた。触媒[(2,9−ジメチル−1,10−フェナントロリン)−Pd(μ−OAc)]2(OTf)2(13mg,13μmol,2.5mol%)を加え、混合物を酸素雰囲気(1気圧)の下、室温で撹拌させた。1H−NMRによって示されるように43時間後に45%変換したところで反応が停止した。
メチル−α−グルコピラノシド(30mg,0.15mmol,1.0当量)およびtert−ブチルペルオキシベンゾエート(74μL,0.46mmol,3.0当量)をDMSO(0.17mL,0.9M)に溶解させた。触媒[(2,9−ジメチル−1,10−フェナントロリン)−Pd(μ−OAc)]2(OTf)2(4mg,3.8μmol,2.5mol%)を加え、混合物を室温で撹拌した。1H−NMRによって示されるように13日後に67%変換したところで反応が停止した。
メチル−α−グルコピラノシド(30mg,0.15mmol,1.0当量)をDMSO(0.5mL,0.3M)に溶解させた。触媒[(2,9−ジメチル−1,10−フェナントロリン)−Pd(μ−OAc)]2(OTf)2(4mg,3.8μmol,2.5mol%)を加えた。混合物を室温で穏やかな気流により撹拌した。1H−NMRによって示されるように13日後に73%変換したところで反応が停止した。
メチル−α−グルコピラノシド(30mg,0.15mmol,1.0当量)およびクメンヒドロペルオキシド(86μL,0.46mmol,3.0当量)をDMSO(0.5mL,0.3M)に溶解させた。触媒[(2,9−ジメチル−1,10−フェナントロリン)−Pd(μ−OAc)]2(OTf)2(4mg,3.8μmol,2.5mol%)を加え、混合物を室温で撹拌した。1H−NMRによって示されるように13日後に69%変換したところで反応が停止した。
メチル−α−グルコピラノシド(30mg,0.15mmol,1.0当量)および30%過酸化水素(46μL,0.46mmol,3.0当量)をDMSO(0.5mL,0.3M)に溶解させた。触媒[(2,9−ジメチル−1,10−フェナントロリン)−Pd(μ−OAc)]2(OTf)2(4mg,3.8μmol,2.5mol%)を加え、混合物を室温で撹拌した。1H−NMRによって示されるように16日後に反応は49%変換を示した。
メチル−α−アロピラノシド
A.E/Z−メチル−3−O−メチルオキシム−α−D−リボ−ヘキサピラノシド
[1] For NMR-spectrum in D2O see: G. de Wit, C. de Hann, A. P. G. Kieboom, H. van Bekkum, Carbohydr. Res. 1980, 86, 33-41.
[2] For NMR-spectrum in D2O see: S. Freimund, A. Huwig, F. Giffhorn, S. Kopper, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 2442-2455.
[3] For NMR-spectrum in D2O see: J. S. Brimacombe, A. Husain, Carbohydr. Res. 1968, 6, 491-493.
[4] For NMR-spectrum in D2O see: C. H. Wong, Y. Ichikawa, T. Krach, C. Gautheron-Le Narvor, D. P. Dumas, G. C. Look, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 8137-8145.
[5] For NMR-spectrum in D2O or CDCl3 see: H. H. Baer, Y. Gan, Carbohydr. Res. 1991, 210, 233-245.
[付記]
[付記1]
一酸化された炭水化物基質を得るために、少なくとも1つの遷移金属原子と少なくとも1つの窒素原子を含む1以上のリガンドとを含む遷移金属触媒錯体の存在下、溶媒中で炭水化物基質を酸化剤と接触させることを含む、2以上の第二級ヒドロキシル官能基を含む炭水化物基質の1つの第二級ヒドロキシル官能基の位置選択的酸化の方法。
[付記2]
前記遷移金属触媒錯体は、パラジウム、ルテニウム、銅、マンガン又は鉄を含む、付記1に記載の方法。
[付記3]
前記遷移金属触媒錯体は、パラジウムを含む、付記2に記載の方法。
[付記4]
前記遷移金属触媒錯体は、少なくとも1つのパラジウム原子と、少なくとも1つの窒素原子を含む1つ以上のリガンドとを含む、付記3に記載の方法。
[付記5]
前記遷移金属触媒錯体は、パラジウムフェナントロリン錯体またはパラジウムビス(アリール)アセナフテンキノンジイミン(BIAN)錯体であり、フェナントロリンリガンドまたはBIANリガンドが必要に応じて置換されている、付記4に記載の方法。
[付記6]
前記遷移金属触媒錯体は、前記炭水化物基質に対して0.01〜10mol%のモル比で使用される、付記1から5のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
[付記7]
前記酸化剤は、キノン、酸素、空気、過酸化物およびヒドロペルオキシドからなる群から選択される、付記1から6のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
[付記8]
0から100℃の間の温度で行われる、付記1から7のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
[付記9]
酸化反応は、水、若しくは、DMSO、DMF、THF、ジオキサン、アセトニトリル、HMPA、NMP等の有機溶媒、又は、これらのいずれかの混合物を含む溶媒中で行われる、付記1から8のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
[付記10]
前記反応は、4:1から20:1(v/v)の比率のアセトニトリル/水混合物中、DMSO中、4:1から20:1(v/v)の比率のジオキサン/水混合物中、または4:1から20:1(v/v)の比率のジオキサン/DMSO混合物中で行われる、付記9に記載の方法。
[付記11]
前記炭水化物基質は、前記第二級ヒドロキシル基上に保護基を担持しない、付記1から10のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
[付記12]
前記炭水化物基質は、グリコシド、好ましくはO−グリコシド、S−グリコシド、N−グリコシド、C−グリコシド、またはハロゲングリコシドである、付記1から11のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
[付記13]
前記炭水化物基質は、単糖、オリゴ糖、多糖、デンプン、デンプン誘導体、セルロース、セルロース誘導体、キチン、イノシトール、またはイノシトールから誘導される化合物である、付記1から12のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
[付記14]
前記炭水化物基質は、好ましくは、ネオマイシン、アプラマイシン、ネアミン、アミカシン、パロモマイシン、リボスタマイシン、カナマイシン、ストレプトマイシン、フラマイセチン、イセパマイシン、及びこれらの誘導体からなる群から選択されるネアミン系アミノグリコシド抗生物質である、付記1から13のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
[付記15]
前記一酸化された炭水化物は、さらなる誘導体化反応に供される、付記1から14のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
[付記16]
前記さらなる誘導体化反応は、還元、還元性アミノ化、アセタール化、ジアゾ化、ヒドロシアン化、イミナート化(imination)、ヒドラジン化(hydrazination)、オキシム化(oximation)、脱酸素化、アルキル化、またはこれらの組み合わせを含む、付記15に記載の方法。
[付記17]
メチル−2−デオキシ−β−D−エリスロ−ヘキソピラノシド−3−ウロース、メチル−β−3−ケトマルトシド、メチル−β−3−ケトセロビオシド、(6−O−ベンゾイル)−メチル−α−D−リボ−ヘキサピラノシド−3−ウロース、(6−O−tert−ブチル−ジフェニルシリル)−メチル−α−D−リボ−ヘキサピラノシド−3−ウロース、およびメチル−3−アセトアミド−α−D−リボ−ヘキサピラノシド、3’−ケト−ネオマイシンB、チオフェニル−β−D−リボ−ヘキソピラノシド−3−ウロース、フェニル−α−D−リボ−ヘキサピラノシド−3−ウロースからなる群から選択される二糖類又は多糖類であって、1つの第二級ヒドロキシル基だけがケトンに酸化されている二糖類又は多糖類。
[付記18]
薬剤又は診断上の化合物の合成における前駆体又は中間体としての付記17に記載の二糖類又は多糖類の使用。
Claims (10)
- 2以上の第二級ヒドロキシル官能基を含む炭水化物基質の1つの第二級ヒドロキシル官能基の位置選択的酸化の方法であって、
一酸化された炭水化物を得るために、遷移金属触媒錯体の存在下、溶媒中で前記炭水化物基質を、キノン、酸素、空気、過酸化物、及びヒドロペルオキシドからなる群から選択される酸化剤と接触させることを含み、
前記炭水化物基質はメチル−α/β−グルコピラノシドであり、かつ前記1つの第二級ヒドロキシル官能基はC3の位置のヒドロキシル基であり、又は、前記炭水化物基質はネアミン系アミノグリコシドであり、かつ前記1つの第二級ヒドロキシル官能基はネアミン主鎖の環IのC3の位置のヒドロキシル基であり、
前記遷移金属触媒錯体は、[(2,9−ジメチル−1,10−フェナントロリン)−Pd(μ−OAc)] 2 (OTf) 2 、又は、(ビス[N−(2,6−ジメチルフェニル)イミノ]アセナフテン)−Pd−(OAc) 2 及び[(ビス[N−(2,6−ジメチルフェニル)イミノ]アセナフテン)−Pd−(CH 3 CN) 2 ](OTf) 2 の組み合わせである、
方法。 - 前記遷移金属触媒錯体は、前記炭水化物基質に対して0.01〜10mol%のモル比で使用される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 酸化反応は、水、若しくは、DMSO、DMF、THF、ジオキサン、アセトニトリル、HMPA、NMPから選択される有機溶媒、又は、これらのいずれかの混合物を含む溶媒中で行われる、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記反応は、4:1から20:1(v/v)の比率のアセトニトリル/水混合物中、DMSO中、4:1から20:1(v/v)の比率のジオキサン/水混合物中、または4:1から20:1(v/v)の比率のジオキサン/DMSO混合物中で行われる、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記グルコピラノシドは、前記第二級ヒドロキシル基上に保護基を担持しない、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記ネアミン系アミノグリコシドは、ネオマイシン、アプラマイシン、ネアミン、アミカシン、パロモマイシン、リボスタマイシン、カナマイシン、ストレプトマイシン、フラマイセチン、及びイセパマイシンからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 2以上の第二級ヒドロキシル官能基を含む炭水化物基質の1つの第二級ヒドロキシル官能基の位置選択的酸化する工程であって、
一酸化された炭水化物を得るために、遷移金属触媒錯体の存在下、溶媒中で前記炭水化物基質を、キノン、酸素、空気、過酸化物、及びヒドロペルオキシドからなる群から選択される酸化剤と接触させることを含み、
前記炭水化物基質はメチル−α/β−グルコピラノシドであり、かつ前記1つの第二級ヒドロキシル官能基はC3の位置のヒドロキシル基であり、又は、前記炭水化物基質はネアミン系アミノグリコシドであり、かつ前記1つの第二級ヒドロキシル官能基はネアミン主鎖の環IのC3の位置のヒドロキシル基であり、
前記遷移金属触媒錯体は、[(2,9−ジメチル−1,10−フェナントロリン)−Pd(μ−OAc)] 2 (OTf) 2 、又は、(ビス[N−(2,6−ジメチルフェニル)イミノ]アセナフテン)−Pd−(OAc) 2 及び[(ビス[N−(2,6−ジメチルフェニル)イミノ]アセナフテン)−Pd−(CH 3 CN) 2 ](OTf) 2 の組み合わせである工程と、
前記一酸化された炭水化物を、さらなる誘導体化反応に供する工程と、を含む、炭水化物誘導体の製造方法。 - 前記ネアミン系アミノグリコシドは、ネオマイシン、アプラマイシン、ネアミン、アミカシン、パロモマイシン、リボスタマイシン、カナマイシン、ストレプトマイシン、フラマイセチン、及びイセパマイシンからなる群から選択される、請求項7に記載の炭水化物誘導体の製造方法。
- 前記さらなる誘導体化反応は、還元、還元性アミノ化、アセタール化、ジアゾ化、ヒドロシアン化、イミナート化(imination)、ヒドラジン化(hydrazination)、オキシム化(oximation)、脱酸素化、アルキル化、またはこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項7または8に記載の炭水化物誘導体の製造方法。
- メチル−β−3−ケトマルトシド、メチル−β−3−ケトセロビオシド、(6−O−ベンゾイル)−メチル−α−D−リボ−ヘキサピラノシド−3−ウロース、(6−O−tert−ブチル−ジフェニルシリル)−メチル−α−D−リボ−ヘキサピラノシド−3−ウロース、およびメチル−3−アセトアミド−α−D−リボ−ヘキサピラノシド、3’−ケト−ネオマイシンB、チオフェニル−β−D−リボ−ヘキソピラノシド−3−ウロース、フェニル−α−D−リボ−ヘキサピラノシド−3−ウロースからなる群から選択される糖類。
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