JP6227080B2 - Additive manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method of additive manufacturing - Google Patents

Description

  Embodiments described herein relate generally to an additive manufacturing apparatus and an additive manufacturing method.

  Conventionally, as a method of manufacturing a layered object, a step of forming a powder layer with a powder material made of a resin material or a metal material, and a predetermined position of the powder layer by irradiating a predetermined position of the powder layer with light or laser light A technique for producing a three-dimensional layered object by repeatedly performing the step of solidifying the above range and laminating the solidified layer is known.

JP 2006-200030 A

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an additive manufacturing apparatus and an additive manufacturing method capable of manufacturing an additive manufacturing object using a plurality of powdered materials.

  The additive manufacturing apparatus according to the embodiment includes a plurality of nozzles and a light source. The plurality of nozzles are formed so that the material can be ejected toward the object, and the material can be melted by irradiating the ejected material with laser light. The light source can emit laser light emitted from each of the plurality of nozzles.

Explanatory drawing which shows typically the structure of the additive manufacturing apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment. Explanatory drawing which shows typically the principal part structure of the same additive manufacturing apparatus. The perspective view which shows the principal part structure of the same additive manufacturing apparatus. Explanatory drawing which shows an example of manufacture of the layered product using the same layered manufacturing apparatus. Explanatory drawing which shows typically the structure of the additive manufacturing apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. Explanatory drawing which shows typically the structure of the additive manufacturing apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. Explanatory drawing which shows typically the structure of the additive manufacturing apparatus which concerns on 4th Embodiment. Explanatory drawing which shows an example of manufacture of the layered product using the same layered manufacturing apparatus.

Hereinafter, the manufacturing method of the additive manufacturing apparatus 1 and the additive manufacturing object 100 according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the configuration of the additive manufacturing apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment, and FIG. 2 is the main configuration of the additive manufacturing apparatus 1, specifically, the configuration of the nozzle 33 and the melting device 45. FIG. 3 is a perspective view schematically illustrating the configuration of the galvano scanner 55 of the optical device 15 used in the layered modeling apparatus 1, and FIG. 4 is an example of manufacturing the layered model 100 using the layered modeling apparatus 1. It is explanatory drawing shown.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the additive manufacturing apparatus 1 includes a processing tank 11, a stage 12, a moving device 13, a nozzle device 14, an optical device 15, a measuring device 16, and a control device 17. Yes. The layered modeling apparatus 1 is formed so that a layered model 100 having a predetermined shape can be modeled by laminating a plurality of materials supplied by the nozzle device 14 as a layer on the object 110 provided on the stage 12. .

  The object 110 is a base 110a for modeling the layered object 100 on its upper surface, a layer 110b constituting a part of the layered object 100, and the like, and is an object for supplying material by the nozzle device 14. is there. The material is a powdery resin material or metal material, and a plurality of different metal materials, for example, the first material 121 and the second material 122 are used.

  The processing tank 11 includes a main chamber 21, a sub chamber 22 formed adjacent to the main chamber 21, and a door 23 that can open and close the main chamber 21 and can close the main chamber 21 in an airtight manner. ing. The main chamber 21 is formed so that the stage 12, the moving device 13, a part of the nozzle device 14, and the measuring device 16 can be arranged therein. The main chamber 21 includes, for example, a supply port 21a through which an inert gas such as nitrogen and argon is supplied, and a discharge port 21b through which the gas in the main chamber 21 is discharged. The main chamber 21 is connected to a supply device whose supply port 21a supplies an inert gas. The discharge port 21 b is connected to a discharge device that discharges the gas in the main chamber 21.

  The sub chamber 22 is formed adjacent to the main chamber 21. The sub chamber 22 is formed so that the main chamber 21 and the space can be continued through the door portion 23. In the sub chamber 22, for example, the layered object 100 processed in the main chamber 21 is conveyed. The sub-chamber 22 is, for example, a transfer device 24 such as a transfer device that loads the manufactured layered product 100 and transports it from the main chamber 21 or a transport arm that adsorbs and transports the layered product 100 with a vacuum head or the like. It has. The sub chamber 22 is isolated from the main chamber 21 by closing the door portion 23 when the layered object 100 is formed.

  The stage 12 is formed so as to be able to support the object 110 at the top thereof. The moving device 13 is formed to be able to move the stage 12 in three axial directions.

  The nozzle device 14 is formed to be able to selectively supply a plurality of types of materials to the target object 110 on the stage 12 by a predetermined amount and to emit the laser beam 200. Specifically, the nozzle device 14 includes a first supply device 31 capable of supplying the first material 121, a second supply device 32 capable of supplying the second material 122, and the first supply device 31 and the second supply device. 32 and a nozzle 33 connected to the optical device 15, and a supply pipe 34 connecting the first supply device 31 and the nozzle 33 and the second supply device 32 and the nozzle 33.

  For example, the first material 121 is a powdered metal material. The second material 122 is a metal material that is powdery and different from the first material.

  The first supply device 31 includes a tank 31a that stores the first material 121, and a supply unit 31b that supplies the first material 121 from the tank 31a to the nozzle 33 by a predetermined amount. The first supply device 31 is formed so as to be able to supply the first material 121 in the tank 31 a to the nozzle 33 using an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon as a carrier.

  The second supply device 32 includes a tank 32a that stores the second material 122, and a supply unit 32b that supplies the second material 122 from the tank 32a to the nozzle 33 by a predetermined amount. The second supply device 32 is formed so as to be able to supply the second material 122 in the tank 32 a to the nozzle 33 using an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon as a carrier, for example.

  The nozzle 33 is connected to the first supply device 31 and the second supply device 32 via a supply pipe 34. The nozzle 33 is connected to the optical device 15 via a cable 210 that can pass the laser beam 200. The nozzle 33 is formed to be movable with respect to the stage 12.

  The nozzle 33 is provided in the outer shell 36, the outer shell 36, an ejection port 37 that ejects the first material 121 and the second material 122 from the tip thereof, and an optical passage portion 38 that allows the laser light 200 to pass therethrough. And an optical lens 39 provided in the light passage portion 38. For example, two nozzles 33 having different diameters of the injection port 37 are provided. For example, the injection port 37 of one nozzle 33 is formed to have a diameter of 0.2 mm, and the injection port 37 of the other nozzle 33 is formed to 2.0 mm. The nozzle 33 is formed so that the powdered first material 121 and the second material 122 supplied from the first supply device 31 and the second supply device 32 can be mixed.

  For example, the nozzle 33 can mix the powdery first material 121 and the second material 122 supplied from the first supply device 31 and the second supply device 32 in the inside thereof, or can respectively mix the first material 121 and the second material 122 from the plurality of injection ports 37. The first material 121 and the second material 122 are jetted, and the first material 121 and the second material 122 can be mixed after jetting.

  In the present embodiment, for example, two injection ports 37 are provided, one of which is the first injection port 37a connected to the first supply device 31, and the other is connected to the second supply device 32. A description will be given using a configuration that is the second injection port 37b. As shown in FIG. 2, for example, the injection port 37 is configured so that the first material 121 and the second material 122 conveyed by the gas supplied from the first supply device 31 and the second supply device 32 are predetermined from the injection port 37. Are formed so as to be inclined with respect to the axis of the outer body 36, that is, the optical axis of the laser beam 200 to be emitted.

  The light path portion 38 is provided along the axis of the outer body 36. The optical lens 39 is provided in the light path portion 38, for example. Two optical lenses 39 are provided so as to convert the laser light 200 from the cable 210 into parallel light and to converge the parallel light. The optical lens 39 is configured to converge most at a predetermined position, specifically, at a position where the first material 121 and the second material 122 ejected from the ejection port 37 intersect.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the optical device 15 includes a light source 41 and an optical system 42 connected to the light source 41 via a cable 210. The light source 41 has a light emitting element and is a supply source of the laser light 200 formed so that the laser light 200 can be emitted from the light emitting element. The light source 41 is formed so that the power density of the emitted laser light can be changed.

  The optical system 42 is formed so as to be able to supply the laser beam 200 emitted from the light source 41 to the nozzle 33 and to irradiate the first material 121 and the second material 122 ejected toward the object 110. The optical system 42 is formed so that the laser beam 200 can be irradiated to the layer 110b and the materials 121 and 122 on the base 110a.

  Specifically, the optical system 42 includes a first lens 51, a second lens 52, a third lens 53, a fourth lens 54, and a galvano scanner 55. In the optical system 42, the first lens 51, the second lens 52, the third lens 53, and the fourth lens 54 are fixed. The optical system 42 is an adjustment device capable of moving the first lens 51, the second lens 52, the third lens 53, and the fourth lens 54 in two axial directions, specifically, in a direction orthogonal to or intersecting the optical path. May be provided.

  The first lens 51 is formed so that the laser beam 200 incident via the cable 210 can be converted into parallel light, and the converted laser beam 200 can be incident on the galvano scanner 55. The same number of second lenses 52 as the nozzles 33 are provided. The second lens 52 is formed so as to converge the laser light 200 emitted from the galvano scanner 55 and to emit the laser light 200 to the nozzle 33 via the cable 210.

  The third lens 53 is formed so that the laser beam 200 emitted from the galvano scanner 55 is converged and the laser beam 200 can be irradiated onto the object 110. The fourth lens 54 is formed so that the laser beam 200 emitted from the galvano scanner 55 is converged and the laser beam 200 can be irradiated on the object 110.

  The galvano scanner 55 is formed so that the parallel light converted by the first lens 51 can be divided into a second lens 52, a third lens 53, and a fourth lens 54. The galvano scanner 55 includes a first galvanometer mirror 57, a second galvanometer mirror 58, and a third galvanometer mirror 59. Each galvanometer mirror 57, 58, 59 is formed such that the tilt angle can be varied and the laser beam 200 can be divided.

  The first galvanometer mirror 57 emits the laser beam 200 to the second galvanometer mirror 58 by passing a part of the laser beam 200 that has passed through the first lens 51 and reflects the other part of the laser beam 200. Then, the laser beam 200 is emitted to the fourth lens 54. The first galvanometer mirror 57 is formed so that the irradiation position of the laser beam 200 that has passed through the fourth lens 54 can be adjusted by the inclination angle.

  The second galvanometer mirror 58 emits a part of the laser beam 200 to the third galvanometer mirror 59 and reflects the other part of the laser beam 200 to be emitted to the third lens 53. The second galvanometer mirror 58 is formed such that the irradiation position of the laser beam 200 that has passed through the third lens 53 can be adjusted by the inclination angle.

  The third galvanometer mirror 59 emits part of the laser light 200 to one second lens 52 and emits the other part of the laser light 200 to the other second lens 52.

  Such an optical system 42 heats the first material 121 (123) and the second material 122 (123) supplied to the object 110 by the first galvanometer mirror 57, the second galvanometer mirror 58, and the third lens 53. Thus, a melting apparatus 45 is formed which forms the layer 110b and performs an annealing process. The melting device 45 melts the first material 121 and the second material 122 supplied from the nozzle 33 on the base 110a by the laser beam 200, thereby forming the layer 110b.

  Further, the optical system 42 removes unnecessary portions formed on the base 110 a and the layer 110 b by the first material 121 and the second material 122 by the laser light 200 supplied by the first galvanometer mirror 57 and the fourth lens 54. The removing device 46 is configured.

  The removal device 46 is different from a predetermined shape of the layered object 100 such as scattering of materials generated when the first material 121 and the second material 122 are supplied by the nozzle 33 and unnecessary portions generated when the layer 110b is formed. The part is formed to be removable. The removal device 46 is formed so as to emit a laser beam 200 having a power density capable of removing the portion.

  The measuring device 16 is formed so as to be able to measure the shape of the layer 110b and the shape of the shaped layered object 100, which are the shapes of the solidified material on the base 110a. The measuring device 16 is formed so as to be able to transmit the measured shape information to the control device 17.

  For example, the measurement device 16 includes a camera 61 and an image processing device 62 that performs image processing based on information measured by the camera 61. Note that the measuring device 16 uses, for example, an interference method, a light cutting method, or the like to shape the layer 110b and the layered object 100, that is, the shape of the material 123 in which the first material 121 and the second material 122 on the base 110a are mixed. It is formed to be measurable.

  The control device 17 is electrically connected to the moving device 13, the transport device 24, the first supply device 31, the second supply device 32, the light source 41, the galvano scanner 55, and the image processing device 62 via the signal line 220. .

  The control device 17 is configured to be able to move the stage 12 in three axial directions by controlling the moving device 13. The control device 17 is formed so as to be able to convey the shaped layered object 100 to the sub chamber 22 by controlling the conveying device 24. The control device 17 is configured to be capable of adjusting the supply of the first material 121 and the supply amount of the first material 121 by controlling the first supply device 31.

  The control device 17 is configured to be able to adjust the supply of the second material 122 and the supply amount of the second material 122 by controlling the second supply device 32. The control device 17 is formed so that the power density of the laser light 200 emitted from the light source 41 can be adjusted by controlling the light source 41. The control device 17 controls the galvano scanner 55 so that the tilt angles of the first galvanometer mirror 57, the second galvanometer mirror 58, and the third galvanometer mirror 59 can be adjusted. Moreover, the control apparatus 17 is formed so that the nozzle 33 can be moved.

  The control device 17 includes a storage unit 17a. The storage unit 17a stores the shape of the layered object 100 to be modeled as a threshold value. Moreover, the ratio of the materials 121 and 122 in each layer 110b of the layered object 100 to be modeled is stored in the storage unit 17a.

  The control device 17 has the following functions (1) to (3).

  (1) A function of selectively injecting material from the nozzle 33.

  (2) A function of determining the shape of the material on the base 110a.

  (3) A function of trimming the material on the base 110a.

Next, these functions (1) to (3) will be described.
Function (1) is based on the ratio of the 1st material 121 and the 2nd material 122 in each layer 110b of the preset layered product 100 memorize | stored in the memory | storage part 17a, and the 1st material 121 and the 1st from the nozzle 33. This is a function of selectively injecting two materials 122. Specifically, when the supply units 31b and 32b of the first supply device 31 and the second supply device 32 are controlled to form the predetermined layer 110b of the layered object 100, the first set to the layer 110b is set. This is a function of adjusting the ratio of the material 121 and the second material 122. For example, when the layered object 100 is formed with partially different materials or ratios, the gradient material is formed by changing the ratio of the first material 121 and the second material 122.

  More specifically, for example, when one end side of the layered object is formed only by the first material 121 and the other end side is formed only by the second material 122, first, the first is formed on the base 110a. By supplying only the material and laminating the layer 110b, a portion formed of only the first material 121 is formed. Next, the ratio of the first material and the second material is gradually changed up to the part formed only by the second material 122, and the part formed only by the first material 121 and the part formed only by the second material 122 are changed. The material ratio of the layer 110b is changed so that the ratio of the first material and the second material is halved at the intermediate position. As described above, in the function (1), it is possible to form a gradient material in which the ratio of the first material 121 and the second material 122 gradually changes by changing the ratio of the first material 121 and the second material.

  The function (2) measures the shape of the layer 110b or the layered object 100 formed of the first material 121 and the second material 122 ejected from the nozzle 33 on the base 110a by the measuring device 16, and stores the storage unit 17a. This is a function for determining whether or not a part having a predetermined shape is formed by comparing with a threshold value. Specifically, the first material 121 and the second material 122 are ejected from the nozzle 33 using a gas and are melted by the laser light 200, so that the materials 121 and 122 are formed on the base 110a and the layer 110b. When supplied, a part of the materials 121 and 122 may be scattered to form a portion having a predetermined shape. In order to detect the scattered materials 121 and 122, the shape measured by the measuring device 16 is compared with the threshold value stored in the storage unit 17a, and it is determined whether or not the materials 121 and 122 are supplied in a predetermined shape. It is a function to judge. In other words, the function (2) is a function for determining whether or not the material 121, 122 is attached to a portion different from the predetermined shape of the layered object 100 and has a portion protruding from the predetermined shape (threshold). is there.

  The function (3) trims the materials 121 and 122 supplied from the nozzle 33 into a predetermined shape by removing the materials 121 and 122 of the portion different from the predetermined shape measured in the function (2). It is a function. Specifically, in the function (2), when the materials 121 and 122 are scattered and attached to a part different from the predetermined shape, the light is emitted from the fourth lens 54 via the first galvanometer mirror 57. The light source 41 is controlled so that the laser beam 200 has a power density capable of evaporating the materials 121 and 122. Thereafter, the first galvanometer mirror 57 is controlled, and the laser light 200 is irradiated onto the portion to evaporate the materials 121 and 122, thereby performing trimming into a predetermined shape.

Next, a manufacturing method of the layered object 100 using the layered object modeling apparatus 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4.
First, as shown in FIG. 4, the control device 17 controls the first supply device 31 and the second supply device 32 so that a predetermined amount of the first material 121 and the second material 122 are supplied from the nozzle 33 to a predetermined range. Thermally spray on. Specifically, the first supply device 31 and the second supply device 32 are controlled by the control device 17, and the powdery first material 121 and the spray material 37 are formed so as to become a predetermined material of the layer 110 b to be formed. / Or the second material 121 is injected at a predetermined ratio. Further, the irradiated materials 121 and 122 are melted by irradiating the laser beam 200.

  As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, a predetermined amount of the molten material 123 is supplied to the range where the layer 110b on the base 110a is formed. For example, when the material 123 is jetted to the base 110a or the layer 110b, the material 123 is deformed to be a collection of materials 123 such as a layer or a thin film, or is cooled or heated by a gas carrying itself to the collection of materials 123. It is cooled by being transferred and dissipated, and is laminated in a granular form to form a granular aggregate.

  Next, the assembly of the material 123 on the base 110a is controlled by irradiating the laser beam 200 by controlling the melting device 45, and the assembly of the material 123 is remelted to form the layer 110b and annealing is performed. Next, the measurement device 16 measures the material 123 on the base 110a subjected to the annealing treatment. The control device 17 compares the shape of the material 123 on the base 110a measured by the measurement device 16 with the threshold value stored in the storage unit 17a.

  If the material 123 on the base 110a is formed in the layer 110b having a predetermined shape, the control device 17 controls the first supply device 31 and the second sharing device 32 again, and a new layer is formed on the formed layer 110b. 110b is formed.

  When the material 123 is attached to the base 110a at a position different from the predetermined shape, the control device 17 controls the removing device 46 to irradiate the attached material 123 with the laser beam 200. Then, unnecessary material 123 is evaporated. As described above, the control device 17 removes the unnecessary material 123 by irradiating the laser beam 200 to a portion where the shape of the material 123 measured by the measuring device 16 is different from the predetermined shape, so that the layer 110b has a predetermined shape. Trim so that.

  After the trimming is completed, the control device 17 controls the first supply device 31 and the second sharing device 32 again to form a new layer 110b on the formed layer 110b. Thus, the layered object 100 is formed by repeatedly forming and stacking the layer 110b.

  The additive manufacturing apparatus 1 configured as described above can supply a predetermined amount of the first material 121 and / or the second material 122 to the nozzle 33 by the control device 17, and can supply the first material 121 and the second material 122. It is formed so as to be sprayed by the laser beam 200 after being mixed by the nozzle 33. As a result, the materials 121 and 122 can be supplied at a predetermined ratio, and a plurality of different materials can be used for the layered object 100. And the layered object 100 becomes an inclined material.

  The additive manufacturing apparatus 1 can remove residual stress by re-melting the material 123 (layer 110b) supplied on the base 110a by the melting device 45 to form a layer and performing an annealing process. It becomes. Furthermore, since the materials 121 and 122 can be reliably mixed, the strength can be improved.

  Furthermore, the additive manufacturing apparatus 1 compares the shape of the material 123 measured by the measuring device 16 with the threshold value of the storage unit 17a, and removes the material 123 that is supplied unnecessarily, so that it corresponds to the shape of the supplied material 123. Trimming becomes possible. For this reason, even if it is the structure which injects the material 123 from the nozzle 33, it becomes possible to remove the unnecessary material 123 which scattered and adhered, and it becomes possible to model the layered modeling object 100 of a predetermined shape.

  As described above, according to the additive manufacturing apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment, formation of an inclined material, annealing treatment, and trimming are possible, and the additive manufacturing object 100 is formed using a plurality of powdery materials 121 and 122. It can be manufactured.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, an additive manufacturing apparatus 1A according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the configuration of the additive manufacturing apparatus 1A according to the second embodiment. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the structure similar to the additive manufacturing apparatus 1 which concerns on 1st Embodiment mentioned above among the structures of the additive manufacturing apparatus 1A which concerns on 2nd Embodiment, and the detailed description is abbreviate | omitted. To do.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the additive manufacturing apparatus 1 </ b> A includes a processing tank 11, a stage 12, a moving device 13, a nozzle device 14, an optical device 15 </ b> A, a measuring device 16, and a control device 17. Yes. The layered modeling apparatus 1A is formed to form a layered model 100 having a predetermined shape by laminating a plurality of materials supplied by the nozzle device 14 as a layer on the object 110 provided on the stage 12.

  The optical device 15A includes a pair of light sources 41, a first optical system 42A connected to one light source 41 via a cable 210, and a second optical system 43 connected to the other light source 41 via a cable 210. It is equipped with.

  42 A of 1st optical systems are formed so that the laser beam 200 radiate | emitted from the light source 41 can be supplied to the nozzle 33, and the 1st material 121 and the 2nd material 122 which were injected toward the target object 110 can be irradiated. Yes. The second optical system 43 is formed so that the laser beam 200 emitted from the light source 41 can be applied to the layer 110b and the materials 121 and 122 on the base 110a.

  Specifically, the first optical system 42A includes a first lens 51, a second lens 52, a third lens 53, and a galvano scanner 55A. The optical system 42A includes an adjustment device that can move the first lens 51, the second lens 52, and the third lens 53 in two axial directions, specifically, in a direction orthogonal to or intersecting the optical path. .

  The galvano scanner 55 </ b> A is formed so that the parallel light converted by the first lens 51 can be divided into a second lens 52 and a third lens 53. The galvano scanner 55 </ b> A includes a first galvanometer mirror 58 and a second galvanometer mirror 59. The galvanometer mirrors 58 and 59 are formed so that the inclination angle can be varied and the laser beam 200 can be divided.

  The first optical system 42A has a configuration that does not include the fourth lens 54 and the first galvanometer mirror 57 of the optical system 42 described above. In such a first optical system 42A, the first material 121 (123) and the second material 122 (123) supplied to the object 110 are irradiated with the laser light 200 by the first galvanometer mirror 58 and the third lens 53. By doing so, the materials 121 and 122 are remelted to form a layer, and the melting device 45 that performs the annealing process is configured.

  The second optical system 43 includes, for example, a first lens 51 and a fourth lens 54. The second optical system 43 constitutes a removal device 46A that removes unnecessary portions formed of the first material 121 and the second material 122 on the base 110a and the layer 110b by the laser light 200 supplied from the light source 41. . For example, the light source 41 connected to the second optical system 43 is formed so as to emit a picosecond laser as the laser light 200. In addition, the 2nd optical system 43 may be the structure which does not have a galvano scanner, or has.

  The layered manufacturing apparatus 1A configured as described above has the same configuration as that of the layered modeling apparatus 1, and the first optical system 42A including the melting device 45 of the optical device 15A and the removal device 46A (43) are different. It is a structure provided in the body.

  Similar to the layered manufacturing apparatus 1 described above, the layered modeling apparatus 1A is formed so that the first material 121 and the second material 122 are mixed by the nozzle 33 and can be ejected, and a predetermined amount is obtained by the control device 17. The first material 121 and / or the second material 122 can be supplied. As a result, the materials 121 and 122 can be supplied at a predetermined ratio, and a plurality of different materials can be used for the layered object 100. And the layered object 100 becomes an inclined material.

  Also, the additive manufacturing apparatus 1A can remelt the material 123 (layer 110b) supplied onto the base 110a by the melting apparatus 45A to form a layer, and remove residual stress by performing an annealing process. It becomes. Furthermore, since the materials 121 and 122 can be reliably mixed, the strength can be improved.

  Further, the additive manufacturing apparatus 1A compares the shape of the material 123 measured by the measuring device 16 with the threshold value of the storage unit 17a, and removes the unnecessary supplied material 123, thereby depending on the shape of the supplied material 123. Trimming becomes possible. For this reason, even if it is the structure which injects the material 123 from the nozzle 33, the scattered unnecessary material 123 can be removed and the layered modeling thing 100 of a predetermined shape can be modeled.

  As described above, according to the additive manufacturing apparatus 1A according to the second embodiment, formation of an inclined material, annealing treatment, and trimming are possible, and the additive manufacturing object 100 is formed using a plurality of powdery materials 121 and 122. It can be manufactured.

(Third embodiment)
Next, the layered manufacturing apparatus 1B according to the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 is an explanatory view schematically showing the configuration of the additive manufacturing apparatus 1B according to the third embodiment. Of the configurations of the additive manufacturing apparatus 1B according to the third embodiment, the same configurations as those of the additive manufacturing apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment and the additive manufacturing apparatus 1A according to the second embodiment are the same. The detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the additive manufacturing apparatus 1 </ b> B includes a processing tank 11, a stage 12, a moving device 13, a nozzle device 14, an optical device 15 </ b> B, a measuring device 16, and a control device 17. Yes. The additive manufacturing apparatus 1B includes a removing device 46B. The layered modeling apparatus 1B is formed to form a layered modeled object 100 having a predetermined shape by laminating a plurality of materials supplied by the nozzle device 14 as a layer on the object 110 provided on the stage 12.

  The optical device 15B includes a light source 41 and an optical system 42B connected to the light source 41 via a cable 210.

  The optical system 42B is formed so as to be able to supply the laser beam 200 emitted from the light source 41 to the nozzle 33 and to irradiate a predetermined range of the first material 121 and the second material 122 ejected toward the object 110. Has been.

  Specifically, the optical system 42B includes a first lens 51, a second lens 52, a third lens 53, a galvano scanner 55A, and an irradiation range adjustment mechanism 56 that adjusts the irradiation range of the laser light 200. I have. The optical system 42B includes an adjustment device that can move the first lens 51, the second lens 52, and the third lens 53 in two axial directions, specifically, in a direction orthogonal to or intersecting the optical path. . Such an optical system 42 </ b> B is formed such that the irradiation range of the laser light 200 supplied to the object 110 by the first galvanometer mirror 58 and the third lens 53 can be adjusted by the irradiation range adjustment mechanism 56. The optical system 42B includes a first material 121 (123) and a second material 122 by the laser light 200 whose irradiation range is adjusted by the first lens 51, the third lens 53, the first galvanometer mirror 58, and the irradiation range adjustment mechanism 56. (123) is remelted to constitute a melting device 45B capable of performing an annealing process.

  The irradiation range adjustment mechanism 56 includes a zoom mechanism 56a that can expand the irradiation range of the laser light 200, and a mask mechanism 56b that makes the irradiation range expanded by the zoom mechanism 56a a predetermined shape. The zoom mechanism 56a is connected to the control device 17 via the signal line 220, and is formed so that the range of the laser beam 200 for remelting the materials 121 and 122 can be expanded. When the range of the laser beam 200 is expanded, the control device 17 increases the output of the light source 41 so that the laser beam 200 can melt the materials 121 and 122.

  The mask mechanism 56b is connected to the control device 17 via the signal line 220, and is formed so that the shape of the range irradiated with the laser light 200 can be changed according to the portion of the layer 110b irradiated with the laser light 200. For example, the mask mechanism 56b is controlled by the control device 17 so as to change the mask according to the irradiation position and to irradiate the laser beam 200 to an appropriate irradiation range of the layer 110b.

  The removal device 46B is, for example, a cutting device formed so as to be able to cut the material 123 with a cutting tool. The removal device 46 </ b> B is connected to the control device 17 via the signal line 220 and is configured to be movable by the control device 17.

  The layered manufacturing apparatus 1B configured as described above has the same configuration as that of the layered modeling apparatus 1 and 1A, and the irradiation range adjustment mechanism is configured to adjust the irradiation range of the laser beam 200 by the melting apparatus 45B that melts the materials 121 and 122. The configuration varies according to 56. The additive manufacturing apparatus 1B is configured to cut and remove unnecessary materials by the removing device 46B.

  Such a layered manufacturing apparatus 1B can supply a predetermined amount of the first material 121 and / or the second material 122 by the control device 17 in the same manner as the layered modeling apparatus 1 and 1A described above. And the 2nd material 122 is mixed with the nozzle 33, and it forms so that injection is possible. As a result, the materials 121 and 122 can be supplied at a predetermined ratio, and a plurality of different materials can be used for the layered object 100. And the layered object 100 becomes an inclined material.

  The additive manufacturing apparatus 1B compares the shape of the material 123 measured by the measuring device 16 with the threshold value of the storage unit 17a, and enables trimming to remove the material 123 supplied unnecessarily by the removing device 46B. For this reason, even if it is the structure which injects the material 123 from the nozzle 33, the scattered unnecessary material 123 can be removed and the layered modeling thing 100 of a predetermined shape can be modeled.

  Further, the additive manufacturing apparatus 1B can remelt the material 123 (layer 110b) supplied onto the base 110a by the melting apparatus 45A to form a layer, and can remove residual stress by performing an annealing process. It becomes. Furthermore, since the materials 121 and 122 can be reliably mixed, the strength can be improved.

  In addition, when the layered manufacturing apparatus 1B performs the annealing process by remelting the layer 110b on the base 110a, the irradiation range adjusting mechanism 56 can adjust the irradiation range of the laser beam 200. This makes it possible to shorten the processing time for performing the annealing process.

  As described above, according to the additive manufacturing apparatus 1B according to the third embodiment, formation of an inclined material, annealing treatment, and trimming are possible, and the additive manufacturing object 100 is formed using a plurality of powdery materials 121 and 122. It can be manufactured.

(Fourth embodiment)
Next, an additive manufacturing apparatus 1C according to the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 7 is an explanatory view schematically showing the configuration of the additive manufacturing apparatus 1C according to the fourth embodiment, and FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing an example of manufacturing the additive manufacturing object 100 using the additive manufacturing apparatus 1C. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the structure similar to the additive manufacturing apparatus 1 which concerns on 1st Embodiment mentioned above among the structures of the additive manufacturing apparatus 1C which concerns on 4th Embodiment, and the detailed description is abbreviate | omitted. To do.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the additive manufacturing apparatus 1 </ b> C includes a processing tank 11, a stage 12, a moving device 13, a nozzle device 14 </ b> C, an optical device 15, a measuring device 16, and a control device 17. Yes.

  The nozzle device 14 </ b> C is formed so that a predetermined amount of a plurality of materials can be supplied to the object 110 on the stage 12 and the laser beam 200 can be emitted. Specifically, the nozzle device 14 includes a first supply device 31 that can supply the first material 121, a second supply device 32 that can supply the second material 122, the first supply device 31, and the optical device 15. The first nozzle 33a connected, the second nozzle 33b connected to the second supply device 32 and the optical device 15, the first supply device 31, the first nozzle 33a, the second supply device 32 and the second nozzle 33b. And a supply pipe 34 to be connected.

  The first nozzle 33a and the second nozzle 33b are connected to the first supply device 31 and the second supply device 32 via the supply pipe 34, respectively. These nozzles 33 a and 33 b are connected to the optical device 15 via a cable 210 that can pass the laser beam 200. The nozzles 33 a and 33 b are formed to be movable with respect to the stage 12.

  The nozzles 33 a and 33 b are provided in the outer shell 36, an injection port 37 that ejects the first material 121 or the second material 122 from the tip, and an optical path that allows the laser light 200 to pass therethrough. Part 38 and an optical lens 39 provided in the light path part 38.

Next, a manufacturing method of the layered object 100 using the layered object modeling apparatus 1C will be described with reference to FIG.
First, as shown in FIG. 8, the control device 17 controls the first supply device 31 to spray a predetermined amount of the first material 121 from the nozzle 33a to a predetermined range. Specifically, the first supply device 31 is controlled by the control device 17, and the powdery first material 121 is applied from the injection port 37 toward the object 110 so as to become a predetermined material of the layer 110b to be formed. Let spray. In addition, the irradiated first material 121 is melted by irradiating the laser beam 200.

  Next, the second supply device 32 is controlled, and a predetermined amount of the second material 122 is ejected from the nozzle 33b toward the target object 110 and melted by the laser beam 200, so that the second material 122 is in a predetermined range. Thermally spray on.

  Thereby, as shown in FIG. 8, the first material 121 and the second material 122 are provided on the base 110a. Specifically, the first material 121 adheres on the base 110a, and the second material 122 adheres on the first material 121. In other words, the first material 121 and the second material 122 are stacked on the base 110a. Next, the set of materials 121 and 122 is irradiated with the laser beam 200 by the melting device 45 to melt the set of materials 121 and 122 again to form the layer 110b. Thus, the materials 121 and 122 are mixed to form the layer 110b, and the layer 110b is annealed. Next, the material 123 on the base 110a that has been annealed by remelting is measured by the measuring device 16. The control device 17 compares the shape of the material 123 on the base 110a measured by the measurement device 16 with the threshold value stored in the storage unit 17a.

  If the material 123 on the base 110a is formed in the layer 110b having a predetermined shape, the control device 17 controls the first supply device 31 again to supply the first material 121, and then the second supply device 32 is turned on. The second material 122 is supplied in a controlled manner. Next, the melting device 45 is controlled to remelt the materials 121 and 122 and perform an annealing process to form a new layer 110b on the layer 110b.

  When the material 123 is attached to the base 110a at a position different from the predetermined shape, the control device 17 controls the removing device 46 to irradiate the attached material 123 with the laser beam 200. And evaporate. As described above, the control device 17 performs trimming by irradiating the laser beam 200 to a portion where the shape of the material 123 measured by the measurement device 16 is different from the predetermined one.

  After the trimming is completed, the control device 17 controls the first supply device 31 and the second supply device 32 again to form a new layer 110b on the formed layer 110b. Thus, the layered object 100 is formed by repeatedly forming and stacking the layer 110b.

  According to the additive manufacturing apparatus 1 </ b> C configured as described above, the inclined material can be formed, annealed, and trimmed in the same manner as the additive manufacturing apparatus 1 described above, and stacked using a plurality of powdery materials 121 and 122. The modeled object 100 can be manufactured.

  Note that the additive manufacturing apparatuses 1, 1A, 1B, and 1C according to the present embodiment are not limited to the configuration described above. For example, in the example described above, the layered modeling apparatuses 1, 1 </ b> A, 1 </ b> B, and 1 </ b> C have been described with the configuration including the processing tank 11 including the main chamber 21 and the sub chamber 22, but the configuration is not limited thereto. For example, the processing tank 11 may have a configuration including only the main chamber 21, or may include a sub chamber that does not include the transfer device 24. However, since the processing chamber 11 is configured to use the sub chamber 22, the atmosphere in the main chamber 21 can be maintained, and it is easy to work continuously in the main chamber 21 and the sub chamber 22. Become. Further, by adopting a configuration in which the layered object 100 is transported to the sub chamber 22, it is difficult for the material floating in the main chamber 21 to be discharged outside by being ejected from the nozzle 33 in the main chamber 21. For this reason, the processing chamber 11 desirably has a sub chamber 22 adjacent to the main chamber 21.

  In the above-described example, the optical device 15 is configured to include the melting device 45 that remelts the materials 121 and 122 supplied from the nozzle 33 to form the layer 110b and performs an annealing process. It is not limited to. For example, the layered manufacturing apparatus may have a configuration in which the layer 110b is formed not by melting but by sintering and annealing is performed.

  In the above-described example, the configuration in which the measurement device 16 includes the camera 61 and the image processing device 62 that performs image processing based on information measured by the camera 61 has been described. Any other configuration may be used as long as the shape of the material supplied above can be measured.

  Moreover, in the example mentioned above, although the structure which enables the additive manufacturing apparatus 1 to move the nozzle 33 and the stage 12 was demonstrated, it is not limited to this, It is an additive manufacturing apparatus which can move only the nozzle 33 or only the stage 12. Also good.

  Moreover, although the nozzle 33 demonstrated the structure provided with two in which the diameters of the injection nozzle 37 differ in the example mentioned above, it is not limited to this, The structure provided more than that may be sufficient. By providing a plurality of nozzles 33, it becomes possible to use efficient nozzles 33 in accordance with the area and shape of the material to be ejected, and it becomes possible to model the layered object 100 efficiently.

  Although several embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments are presented by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalents thereof.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,1A, 1B, 1C ... Laminate shaping apparatus, 11 ... Processing tank, 12 ... Stage, 13 ... Moving device, 14, 14C ... Nozzle device, 15, 15A, 15B ... Optical device, 16 ... Measuring device, 17 ... Control Device: 17a ... Storage unit, 21 ... Main chamber, 22 ... Sub chamber, 23 ... Door unit, 24 ... Transport device, 31 ... Supply device, 32 ... Second supply device, 33 ... Nozzle, 34 ... Supply pipe, 36 ... Outer body, 37... Injection port, 38 .. light passage part, 39... Optical lens, 41 .. light source, 42, 42 A, 42 B .. optical system, 43 .. second optical system, 45, 45 B. 46B ... removal device, 51 ... first lens, 52 ... second lens, 53 ... third lens, 54 ... fourth lens, 55, 55A ... galvano scanner, 56 ... irradiation range adjustment mechanism, 56a ... zoom mechanism, 56b ... Mask mechanism, 57 ... Galvano mirror, 58 2nd galvanometer mirror, 59 ... 3rd galvanometer mirror, 61 ... Camera, 62 ... Image processing device, 100 ... Laminate object, 110 ... Object, 110a ... Base, 110b ... Layer, 121 ... 1st material, 122 ... 2nd material, 200 ... laser beam, 210 ... cable, 220 ... signal line.

Claims (12)

A plurality of nozzles formed so that the material can be ejected toward the object and the ejected material is irradiated with laser light to melt the material;
A light source capable of emitting the laser light emitted from each of the plurality of nozzles;
An additive manufacturing apparatus comprising: A control device formed so as to be able to control an injection amount of the material injected from each of the plurality of nozzles;
The additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: An optical system that guides laser light emitted from the light source to the nozzle that ejects the material among the plurality of nozzles;
The additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: an additive manufacturing apparatus.   The additive manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a melting device that melts the material attached to the object again. A measuring device for measuring the shape of the object formed of the material;
A removing device capable of removing a part of the object based on a measurement result by the measuring device;
The additive manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising: A storage unit stored with the shape of the layered object as a threshold;
A control device that compares the shape measured by the measurement device with the threshold value and removes a portion different from the threshold value of the shape by the removal device;
The additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 5. Injecting at least one of the first material and the second material from the first nozzle toward the object;
Melting the injected material by irradiating the material injected from the first nozzle with laser light from a light source from the first nozzle ;
Injecting at least one of the first material and the second material from the second nozzle toward the object;
Melting the injected material by irradiating the material injected from the second nozzle with laser light from the light source from the second nozzle ;
A method for producing a layered object, characterized by comprising: Controlling the ratio of the first material and the second material sprayed from the first nozzle or the second nozzle,
The method for producing a layered object according to claim 7, further comprising:   The method for manufacturing a layered object according to claim 7 or 8, further comprising a step of melting again the material attached to the object.   The method for producing a layered object according to any one of claims 7 to 9, further comprising a step of forming a layer including the material on a layer constituting a part of the object. . Measuring the shape of the object formed of the material;
Removing a part of the object based on a measurement result by the measurement device;
The method for manufacturing a layered object according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein: A step of comparing the threshold value which is the shape of the layered object stored in the storage unit by the control device and the shape measured by the measuring device;
Comparing the threshold value with the shape measured by the measuring device, and removing a part of the object when the shape has a portion different from the threshold value;
The method for producing a layered object according to claim 11, comprising:

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