JP6221633B2 - Projection device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a projection apparatus.

  The projection apparatus can be implemented as a projector that projects and displays an image generated by a light valve such as a digital micromirror device (hereinafter DMD).

  In recent years, projectors that project an image generated by a light valve such as a DMD or a liquid crystal panel onto a screen are becoming widespread.

  Recently, there is an increasing demand for a front projection type projector (hereinafter referred to as “ultra-short projection projector”) having a short projection distance and a very short projection distance capable of displaying a large screen.

In addition, the demand for further miniaturization is increasing as the projection distance becomes shorter.
An ultra-short projection projector using a refractive optical system and a concave mirror is proposed in Patent Documents 1 to 3 and the like.

  In these ultra-short projection projectors described in Patent Documents 1 to 3, an image generated on a light valve is formed as an intermediate image at a “position before a concave mirror” by a refractive optical system.

  The intermediate image is magnified by the concave mirror and projected on the screen.

  If the intermediate image is formed on the front side of the concave mirror, the size of the concave mirror can be reduced, and the demand for downsizing of the projection apparatus can be met.

  However, the projectors described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 have a slightly longer overall length, that is, the size of the refractive optical system in the optical axis direction, and there is room for improvement in terms of shortening the size in the optical axis direction.

  The projector described in Patent Document 3 includes a “free-form surface lens” in the refractive optical system, thereby reducing the size of the refractive optical system and reducing the size in the optical axis direction.

  A free-form surface lens has a high degree of freedom in the shape of the lens surface. By using this, the number of lenses constituting the refractive optical system can be reduced, and the length in the optical axis direction of the refractive optical system can be shortened.

  Since the free-form surface lens has a high degree of freedom in terms of the lens surface shape, the direction of the light vector can be controlled with high accuracy, and is very advantageous for aberration correction, particularly distortion aberration and field curvature correction.

  However, the free-form surface lens is required to have a very accurate shape in order to control the direction of the light vector with high accuracy.

  If the lens surface shape of the free-form surface lens changes from the regular shape, the direction of the light vector cannot be controlled correctly, resulting in “serious degradation” of imaging performance.

  The inventors focused on the influence of heat inside the projector as a cause of the change in the lens surface shape of the free-form surface lens, and conducted research.

  And the new knowledge that the processing of “unnecessary light (light that does not contribute to the formation of an enlarged image on the screen)” inside the projector is important.

  That is, when unnecessary light inside the projector irradiates the lens surface of the free-form surface lens and the lens receiving portion, heat is generated in the irradiated portion, and the heat causes the free-form surface lens to be thermally deformed.

  This thermal deformation changes the shape of the free-form surface and degrades the performance of the free-form surface lens.

  Conventionally, there is no known device that discloses measures against thermal deformation due to the influence of unnecessary light on a free-form surface lens used in a projection apparatus.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and an object thereof is to realize a projection device that has a short projection distance, is small, and has little performance change.

  The projection device according to the present invention is a projection device that enlarges and projects an image displayed on the image display element as an enlarged image on the screen, and the image display element is formed on an image forming optical path from the image display element to the screen. From the side, the optical system includes a refractive optical system, a reflective optical system, and an optical element. The refractive optical system includes a free-form surface lens. The reflective optical system includes one or more mirrors. Is a surface that includes a light beam that is disposed between the mirror and the screen on the imaging optical path, passes through the center of an aperture stop provided in the refractive optical system, and travels toward the center of the enlarged image on the screen. In the reference plane, the reflected light from the optical element does not irradiate the free-form surface lens or its holding member within the reference plane, so that the optical element has an axis A perpendicular to the normal of the screen. Elementary Wherein the inclination angle of the surface normal is set.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it can prevent or reduce effectively that the reflected light by an optical element affects a free-form surface lens as unnecessary light thermally.

  Accordingly, it is possible to realize a projection apparatus that has a short projection distance, is small, and has little performance change.

It is a figure for demonstrating one Embodiment of a projection apparatus. It is a figure for demonstrating the shift with respect to the refractive optical system of an image formation part. It is a figure for demonstrating the state in which the unnecessary light reflected by the optical element irradiates a free-form surface lens. It is a figure for demonstrating the state which inclined the optical element so that a free-form surface lens may not be irradiated with unnecessary light. It is a figure for demonstrating the space between a refractive optical system and a concave mirror. It is a figure for demonstrating the refractive optical system of an Example. It is a figure for demonstrating another form of implementation of a projection apparatus. In the optical arrangement of FIG. 7, the normal line of the dust-proof glass 13 is not tilted with respect to the axis A. It is a figure for demonstrating the state which inclined the optical element so that a free-form surface lens may not be irradiated with unnecessary light. It is a figure for demonstrating the space between a refractive optical system and a concave mirror. It is a figure which shows the power distribution of the X-axis direction of the free-form surface of the concave-surface mirror side of a free-form surface lens, and a Y-axis direction.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the projection apparatus will be described.
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining one embodiment of a projection apparatus.
In FIG. 1, LV is “image forming portion of image display element”, 10 and 11 are “refractive optical system”, 12 is “concave mirror”, 13 is “optical element”, and SC is “screen”. Indicates.

  Reference numeral H denotes a “housing”.

  Specifically, the image display element having the image forming unit LV is a light valve such as “DMD”, “transmission type liquid crystal panel”, “reflection type liquid crystal panel”, and the like.

  The image forming unit LV is a “portion that generates an image to be projected”. In the following description, it is assumed that the image display element is “DVD” for the sake of explanation.

  The surface of the image forming unit LV is protected by a parallel plate F that is a cover glass.

  The “image formed by the inclination of each micromirror” on the image forming unit LV is illuminated by the illumination device LS.

  The illumination light is reflected by the micromirror that forms the image formed in the image forming unit LV to become image light, and enters the refractive optical system.

  The refractive optical system includes a free-form surface lens 11 and a portion 10 other than that.

  The portion indicated by reference numeral 10 is hereinafter referred to as a “coaxial lens portion”.

  The coaxial lens portion 10 is constituted by an arrangement of a plurality of axially symmetric lenses (lenses that are rotationally symmetric around the optical axis) sharing an optical axis, and has an aperture stop S inside.

  The free-form surface lens 11 is disposed on the image side of the coaxial lens portion 10.

  The image forming unit LV is shifted upward in FIG. 1 (on the screen SC side) with respect to the optical axis of the coaxial lens portion 10, and the imaging light beam is inclined “downward” with respect to the optical axis.

  For this reason, the upper part of the free-form surface lens 11 in the drawing is cut off as a “part where the imaging light flux does not pass”.

  The “image light” reflected by the image forming unit LV passes through the coaxial lens portion 10 of the refractive optical system and the free-form surface lens 11.

  Then, the image forming action of the refractive optical systems 10 and 11 forms an “intermediate image” of the image generated on the image forming unit LV between the free-form surface lens 11 and the concave mirror 12.

  The image light after forming the intermediate image is reflected by the concave mirror 12 toward the screen SC, passes through the optical element 13 and exits from the housing, and projects an enlarged image on the screen SC.

  The enlarged image to be projected is imaged by the imaging action of the coaxial lens portion 10, the free-form surface lens 11 and the concave mirror 12.

  Here, “axis and axis” indicating the reference of the positional relationship among the image forming surface LV, the refractive optical systems 10 and 11, the concave mirror 12, and the screen SC will be described.

  Consider the “light beam that passes through the center of the aperture stop S provided in the refractive optical system and goes toward the center of the screen SC” in the imaging light beam.

  This light ray (referred to as “center imaging light ray”) exists in the same plane. A plane including the central imaging light beam is referred to as a “reference plane”.

  It will be apparent that the central imaging light beam reaches the center of the image generated on the image forming surface LV if it extends to the object side.

The optical arrangement in FIG. 1 indicates “an arrangement on the reference plane”. That is, the surface of FIG. 1 is a reference surface.
In the reference plane, a direction parallel to the normal direction of the screen SC is shown as an axis Z in FIG. A direction parallel to the direction orthogonal to the axis Z is indicated by the axis Y in the reference plane.

  An axis line orthogonal to the normal line of the screen SC in the reference plane is referred to as “axis line A”. In FIG. 1, the axis A is indicated as “axis A”. The axis A is parallel to the axis Y.

  An axis in a direction orthogonal to the axis Y and the axis Z is an axis X.

  As described above, the axisymmetric lenses constituting the coaxial lens portion 10 of the refractive optical system share the optical axis, but the axis parallel to the optical axis in the reference plane is referred to as “axis B”.

  The axis B is parallel to the Z axis.

  The positive directions of the axis A, the axis B, the axis X, the axis Y, and the axis Z are as follows.

  As for the axis A and the axis Y, the “direction upward in the figure” is positive as shown in the figure. Further, regarding the axis Z and the axis B, “the direction toward the right in the figure is positive”.

  The axis X is orthogonal to the drawing of FIG. 1 and the “direction toward the back side of the drawing” is positive.

  In addition, about the said axis | shaft X, the axis | shaft Y, and the axis | shaft Z, it is also called the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis below.

  The directions of the axis X, the axis Y, and the axis Z are respectively referred to as an X-axis direction, a Y-axis direction, a Z-axis direction, or simply an X direction, a Y direction, and a Z direction.

  In the state shown in FIG. 1, the angle of rotation from the negative direction of the axis A to the positive direction of the Z-axis is θ, and the counterclockwise direction as shown in the figure is the positive direction of the angle θ.

  Similarly, the angle of rotation from the positive direction of the axis B to the positive direction of the axis A is α, and the counterclockwise direction as shown in the figure is the positive direction of the angle α.

  As described above, when the X, Y, and Z axes are determined, the free curved surface shape of the free curved surface lens, the concave surface shape of the concave mirror, and the like can be determined using these as coordinate axes.

  Further, the state (tilt) of the concave mirror can be specified by the angle α, and the state (tilt angle of the normal of the element surface) of the optical element 13 can be specified by the angle θ.

  As described above, the image forming unit LB is shifted in the positive direction in the Y direction with respect to the optical axis shared by the plurality of lenses forming the coaxial lens portion 10 of the refractive optical system.

  This state is shown in FIG.

  In FIG. 2, the axis B coincides with the optical axis of the coaxial lens portion 10 in FIG. 1, and is directed to the near side (positive direction of the axis B) perpendicular to the drawing.

  When the axis B is the origin in the X and Y directions, the image forming unit LV is shifted in the positive direction in the Y direction as shown in the figure.

  1 is a projection apparatus that enlarges and projects an image displayed on an image display element as an enlarged image on a screen SC.

  This projection apparatus includes refractive optical systems 10, 11, a reflection optical system 12, and an optical element 13 from the image display element side on an image forming optical path from the image display element to the screen SC.

  The refractive optical system has a free-form surface lens 11.

  The reflective optical system has a concave mirror 12.

  The optical element 13 is arranged between the concave mirror 12 closest to the screen SC on the imaging optical path and the screen SC.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the element surface normal of the optical element 13 is inclined with respect to the axis A perpendicular to the normal of the screen SC in the reference plane.

  The “element surface normal” is a normal raised on the surface of the optical element 13.

  The “reference plane” is a plane including a light beam that passes through the center of the aperture stop S provided in the refractive optical system and goes toward the center of the enlarged image on the screen SC.

  The projected light beam from the image forming unit LV passes through the refractive optical systems 10 and 11 and the concave mirror and becomes an imaging light beam.

  That is, the image generated on the image forming unit LV is enlarged and projected on the screen SC by the refractive optical systems 10 and 11 and the concave mirror 12 to become an “enlarged image”.

  A free-form surface is formed with a free-form surface, and in a specific example to be described later, the free-form surface is also used as the reflecting surface shape of the concave mirror.

  In this specification, “free-form surface” means that when specifying the position of a curved surface based on the X and Y axes as described above, the “curvature in the X direction” is not constant at an arbitrary position in the Y direction. An anamorphic surface shape in which the “curvature in the Y direction” is not constant at an arbitrary position.

  Specifically, the shape can be specified by specifying various coefficients using a general formula described later.

As described above, the light beams that have passed through the refractive optical systems 10 and 11 form an intermediate image conjugate with the image generated in the image forming unit LV as a spatial image on the image forming unit LV side with respect to the concave mirror 12.
This “intermediate image” does not need to be formed as a planar image, and is also formed as a “curved surface image” in this embodiment.

  The intermediate image formed in this way is enlarged and projected by the concave mirror 12 arranged on the most enlarged side, and is projected as an “enlarged image” on the screen SC.

  The “intermediate image” has field curvature and distortion, but these can be favorably corrected by using a free-form surface for the concave mirror 12.

  Such a “correction function of the concave mirror 12” reduces the aberration correction burden in the refractive optical system, thereby increasing the degree of freedom in optical design, which is advantageous for downsizing of the projection apparatus.

  The optical element 13 disposed between the concave mirror 12 closest to the screen SC and the screen SC on the imaging optical path is “transparent parallel flat glass”.

  In this embodiment, the optical element 13, which is a transparent parallel flat glass, is given a function as “dust-proof glass” and protects the inside of the projection apparatus, that is, the inside of the housing H.

  Therefore, hereinafter, the optical element 13 is also referred to as “dust-proof glass 13”.

  When the concave mirror 12 is used and an intermediate image is formed immediately before the concave mirror 12 as in the embodiment being described, the imaging light beam on the concave mirror 12 becomes thin.

  For this reason, if “dust” adheres to the reflecting surface of the concave mirror 12, the presence of the dust greatly affects the formation of an enlarged image.

  For this reason, the inside of the housing H of the projection apparatus is required to be in a “dust-free state”, and the dust-proof glass 13 is required to prevent the entry of dust from the outside of the housing.

  Further, since the imaging light beam reflected by the concave mirror 12 is focused on the screen side of the concave mirror 12 and this region becomes high temperature, dustproof glass is necessary from the viewpoint of safety.

  If the dust-proof glass 13 is not properly installed, the “reflected light with high intensity” reflected by the dust-proof glass 13 irradiates the free-form curved lens 11 and its holding member (such as the receiving member 14 in FIG. 1).

  This irradiation causes “shape change and decentration” of the free curved surface due to thermal deformation of the free curved lens 11, resulting in functional deterioration of the free curved lens.

  It is natural that the dust-proof glass 13 is installed so that the normal line of the dust-proof glass is parallel to the axis A from the viewpoint of miniaturization and design of the projection apparatus.

  However, in such an installation, the above-mentioned problem of “thermal influence” occurs.

  This point will be described with reference to FIGS.

  3 and 4, the optical arrangement of the image forming unit LV, the refractive optical systems 10 and 11, and the concave mirror 12 is the same as that shown in FIG.

  In the example of FIG. 3, the element surface normal of the dust-proof glass 13 (the dust-proof glass 13 is a transparent parallel flat glass, and the normals are opposite and parallel to each other) is parallel to the axis A.

  In this case, of the light reflected by the concave mirror 12 toward the screen SC, the light reflected by the dust-proof glass 13 does not contribute to the formation of an enlarged image on the screen SC.

  Light that is reflected by the optical element 13 and does not contribute to the formation of an enlarged image on the screen SC is referred to as “unnecessary light”.

  In the example of FIG. 3, the light from the lower end of the image forming unit LV in the Y direction becomes “unnecessary light”.

  Since the unnecessary light is a light beam close to the optical axis of the refractive optical system, the light intensity is high. The “unnecessary light” is reflected with a high reflectance by the reflecting surface of the concave mirror 12.

  Unnecessary light reflected by the concave mirror 12 is incident on the dust-proof glass 13. However, in a projection device of a type with a short projection distance, the incident angle on the dust-proof glass 13 is very large.

  For this reason, the reflectance is also extremely high and has a strong strength.

  Such unnecessary light with high intensity irradiates the free-form surface lens 11 and its receiving member 14 in the region indicated by reference numeral 20 in FIG.

  The free-form surface lens 11 and its receiving member 14 irradiated with such unnecessary light are heated by heat accumulation, deform the free-form surface, and deteriorate the function of the free-form surface lens 11.

  4 is the case of FIG. 1, and the element surface normal of the dust-proof glass 13 is inclined with respect to the axis A. FIG.

  Thus, the element surface normal of the dust-proof glass 13 is tilted from the negative direction of the axis A, and the tilt angle: θ (> 0) is set so that “unnecessary light passes through the region indicated by reference numeral 20A”.

  If the inclination angle θ is set in this way, the free-form lens 11 and its receiving member 14 are avoided from being “irradiated with unnecessary light”, and the influence of heat due to unnecessary light is eliminated.

  Of course, it is preferable that “the intensity of the unnecessary light itself is small” even when “unnecessary light does not irradiate the free-form surface lens 11 and the receiving member 14” as shown in FIG.

  In order to reduce the intensity of unnecessary light itself, it is preferable to perform “antireflection treatment” on the surface of the dust-proof glass 13.

  The antireflection treatment can be performed as an antireflection film by multi-coating.

  In addition, a fine “nano-sized uneven structure” can be formed on the surface of the dust-proof glass, and the angle characteristic of the reflectance can be set optimally for antireflection treatment.

  In the embodiment being described, as shown in FIG. 1, the light shielding member 15 is disposed on the dust-proof glass 13 “on the screen SC near the holding member 14 and inside the housing”.

  Of course, the light shielding member 15 is disposed so as not to block the image forming light beam of the enlarged image.

  Although various ways of tilting the dust-proof glass 13 are possible, the tilting method shown in FIG. 3 is preferable.

  That is, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the dust-proof glass 13 is inclined in the negative direction of the axis A from the side far from the screen SC to the side closer to the screen SC in the reference plane.

  In the above description, the case where unnecessary light reflected by the dust-proof glass 13 “does not directly irradiate” the free-form surface lens 11 and its receiving member 14 has been described.

  The light that irradiates the free-form surface lens 11 and its receiving member 14 and causes these temperature rises is not limited to “direct reflected light” by the dust-proof glass 13.

  In FIG. 5, “region indicated by symbol C” is “a space between the refractive optical system and the concave mirror”, but this region C is surrounded by various members (not shown).

  The above-mentioned various members do not include “the free-form surface lens 11, the concave mirror 12, and the dustproof glass 13”, that is, the optical system portion on the optical path of the imaging light beam.

  In order to avoid complication of the drawing, the dust-proof glass 13 of FIG. 5 is drawn in a state where no “tilt angle” is given.

  Examples of the “member surrounding the space between the refractive optical system and the concave mirror” include the following.

  For example, the receiving member 14 of the free-form surface lens 11, the holding member of the free-form surface mirror 12, the holding member of the dust-proof glass 13, the housing H, an air duct and a barrel not shown.

  It is conceivable that the light reflected by the dust-proof glass 13 is “reflected further” by these members and irradiates the free-form surface lens and its receiving member.

  In these, unnecessary light reflected by the dust-proof glass 13 is secondarily reflected by the above-mentioned member, and the free-form surface lens and its receiving member are secondarily irradiated.

  Therefore, such unnecessary light is hereinafter referred to as “secondary unnecessary light”. Further, unnecessary light that is reflected light from the dust-proof glass 13 is also referred to as “primary unnecessary light” in contrast to the secondary unnecessary light.

  In order to effectively reduce the influence of secondary unnecessary light, it is preferable that the surfaces of the various members have “at least one of a concave shape and a convex shape”.

Other than the case of having both the concave shape and the convex shape, only the concave shape or only the convex shape may be used.
The specific shape may be a dot shape, a line shape, a circle shape, a polygon shape, a character shape, a symbol shape, or the like.

  These surface structures are preferably structures that diffusely reflect, for example, a “roughened surface” or “submicron level structure” that can reduce the intensity of reflected light from the member.

  With such a configuration, when the primary unnecessary light is reflected by the various members, the secondary unnecessary light is effectively diffused, and the influence on the free-form surface lens and its holding member is effectively reduced.

  It is also effective to give the surface of each of the above-mentioned members a “structure for irregularly reflecting light” or to incline the surface normal to the Y axis or X axis perpendicular to the axis B in the reference plane. is there.

Furthermore, it is also effective to make the surfaces of the various members have a tapered shape that widens in the direction of the axis B shared by the refractive optical system.
You may have an uneven | corrugated surface shape with a taper shape.

  In any of the above cases, it is effective to “cover the surface of the member with a material that absorbs light” by a process such as painting.

  Alternatively, the various members themselves may be formed of a “material that absorbs light”.

Furthermore, the receiving member 14 of the free-form lens 11 can be made of “a material having high thermal conductivity, for example, a plastic material having high thermal conductivity by being filled with metal, filler, or the like”.
By using a material having high thermal conductivity, even if unnecessary light or secondary unnecessary light irradiates the free-form surface lens or its holding portion, heat can be released and heat storage can be reduced, and the influence of heat can be reduced.

  It is also effective to separate the receiving member 14 of the free-form surface lens 11 from the lens barrel member that holds the coaxial lens portion of the refractive optical system, and to block the heat transfer from the coaxial lens portion.

  Further, by covering the rib portion of the free-form surface lens 11 with a light shielding member, it is possible to effectively prevent primary unnecessary light and secondary unnecessary light from hitting the free-form surface lens.

  In addition to the components shown in FIG. 1, the housing H accommodates parts necessary for image formation, that is, an image processing unit, a power supply unit, a cooling fan, and the like (not shown) to constitute a projection device.

  Hereinafter, another embodiment of the projection apparatus will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining another embodiment of the projection apparatus.

  In order to avoid complications, those that are not likely to be confused are given the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1, and the description of FIG.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, a folding mirror 16 is installed between the free-form surface lens 11 and the concave mirror 12. Other parts are the same as those of the embodiment of FIG.

  Image light from the image generated in the image forming unit LV passes through the coaxial lens portion 10 and the free-form surface lens 11 of the refractive optical system and enters the folding mirror 16.

  The light beam reflected by the folding mirror 16 forms an intermediate image, and then enters the concave mirror 12 and, when reflected, passes through the dust-proof glass 13 that is an “optical element”.

  Then, an enlarged image is projected and formed on the screen SC.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the optical axis of the coaxial lens portion 10 of the refractive optical system is orthogonal to the screen SC, but in the embodiment of FIG. 7, it is parallel to the screen SC.

  The definitions of the axis A, the axis B, the axis X, the axis Y, and the axis Z and the “positive direction” described above are as shown in FIG.

  The definitions of angle: α and angle: θ are the same as in the embodiment of FIG.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the axis A and the axis B (shown as axes A and B in FIG. 7) are parallel to each other and the positive direction is the same.

  The axis Z is parallel to the axis A and the axis B, and the “positive direction” is also the same.

  The reference plane coincides with the drawing of FIG. 7, and the axis Y is orthogonal to the axis B in the reference plane. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, the reference plane is orthogonal to the screen SC, and its positive direction is “left of the drawing”.

  The X axis is orthogonal to the drawing, and the direction toward the back side of the drawing is the “positive direction”.

Also in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the image forming unit LV is shifted in the Y direction with respect to the optical axis of the coaxial lens portion 10.
The state of the shift is as shown in FIG. 2 as in the embodiment of FIG.

  FIG. 8 shows a case where the element surface normal of the dust-proof glass 13 is “parallel to the axis A” in the optical arrangement of FIG. 7.

  In this case, the reflected light (unnecessary light) from the dust-proof glass 13 is reflected by the folding mirror 16 and irradiates the free-form surface lens 11 and the receiving member 14 in the region indicated by reference numeral 21.

  As described above, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the unnecessary light which is mainly a problem is “light reflected by the dust-proof glass 13 and further reflected by the folding mirror 16”.

  FIG. 9 shows a case where the normal line of the dust-proof glass 13 is inclined with respect to the axis A.

  As shown in FIG. 9, when the element surface normal of the dust-proof glass 13 is tilted with respect to the axis A by an inclination angle: θ, the reflected light from the dust-proof glass 13 is not reflected by the folding mirror 16.

  For this reason, most of the unnecessary light reflected by the dust-proof glass 13 passes through the region indicated by reference numeral 21 </ b> A and does not irradiate the free-form surface lens 11 or the receiving member 14.

  Accordingly, it is possible to effectively reduce the influence of heat on the “free-form surface lens” caused by unnecessary light.

  Also in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the dust-proof glass 13 is inclined toward the negative direction of the axis A from the side far from the screen SC to the side closer to the screen SC in the reference plane.

7 is a projection device that enlarges and projects an image displayed on an image display element on a screen.
On the image forming optical path from the image display element to the screen SC, there are refractive optical systems 10 and 11, reflection optical systems 12 and 16, and an optical element 13 from the image display element side.

  The refractive optical system has a free-form surface lens 11, the reflective optical system has one or more mirrors 12 and 16, and at least one of the mirrors is a concave mirror 12.

  The optical element 13 is arranged between the concave mirror 12 closest to the screen SC on the imaging optical path and the screen SC.

  The element normal plane of the optical element 13 is inclined with respect to the axis A orthogonal to the normal line of the screen SC in the reference plane.

  The “reference plane” is a plane including a light beam that passes through the center of the aperture stop S provided in the refractive optical system and goes toward the center of the enlarged image on the screen SC. In FIG. 7, the drawing itself is the reference plane.

  As an optical element, the dust-proof glass 13 disposed between the concave mirror 12 and the screen SC is a transparent parallel flat glass, and the element surface normal is inclined with respect to the axis A in the reference plane.

  Even in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the unnecessary light that irradiates the free-form surface lens 11 and the receiving member 14 to increase the temperature is not limited to the primary unnecessary light by the dust-proof glass 13.

  In FIG. 10, “region indicated by reference sign C <b> 1” is “a space surrounded by a refractive optical system, a concave mirror, a folding mirror, and dust-proof glass”.

  Also in FIG. 10, this region C1 is referred to as “a space between the refractive optical system and the concave mirror”.

  The region C1 is surrounded by various members (not shown).

  The above-mentioned various members do not include the “free-form surface lens 11, the concave mirror 12, the folding mirror 16, and the dust-proof glass 13” which are optical systems positioned on the optical path of the imaging light beam.

  Examples of the “member surrounding the space between the refractive optical system and the concave mirror” include the following.

  For example, a receiving member (holding member) for the free-form curved lens 11, a holding member for the free-form curved mirror 12, a holding member for the folding mirror 16, a holding member for the dust-proof glass 13, a housing H, and the like.

  Further, an air duct, a lens barrel, and the like not shown are also included.

  It is conceivable that the primary unnecessary light reflected by the dust-proof glass 13 and the folding mirror 16 is reflected by the member and irradiates the free-form surface lens and the receiving member as secondary unnecessary light.

  In order to reduce the influence of secondary unnecessary light, it is preferable that the surfaces of the various members have “at least one of a concave shape and a convex shape”.

Other than the case of having both the concave shape and the convex shape, only the concave shape or only the convex shape may be used.
The specific shape may be a dot shape, a line shape, a circle shape, a polygon shape, a character shape, a symbol shape, or the like.

  These surface structures are preferably structures that diffusely reflect, for example, a “roughened surface” or “submicron level structure” that can reduce the intensity of reflected light from the member.

  With such a configuration, the secondary unnecessary light is effectively diffused, and the influence on the free-form surface lens and its holding portion is effectively reduced.

  It is also effective to provide the surface with a “structure for irregularly reflecting light” or to incline the normal of the surface with respect to the Y axis or the X axis within the reference plane.

Furthermore, it is also effective to make the surface of the member have a tapered shape that widens in the direction of the axis B shared by the refractive optical system.
You may have an uneven | corrugated surface shape with a taper shape.

  In any of the above cases, it is effective to “cover the surface of the member with a material that absorbs light” by a process such as painting.

  Alternatively, the member itself may be formed of a “material that absorbs light”.

Furthermore, the receiving member 14 of the free-form lens 11 can be made of “a material having high thermal conductivity, for example, a plastic material having high thermal conductivity by being filled with metal, filler, or the like”.
By using a material having high thermal conductivity, unnecessary light and secondary unnecessary light can be released to the free curved surface lens or the holding portion of the free curved surface lens, and the influence of heat can be reduced.

  It is also effective to separate the receiving member 14 of the free-form surface lens 11 from the lens barrel that holds the optical axis lens portion of the refractive optical system, and to block heat transfer from the coaxial lens portion.

  By covering the rib portion of the free-form surface lens 11 with a light shielding member, unnecessary light and secondary unnecessary light can be effectively prevented from hitting the free-form surface lens.

  In addition to the components shown in FIG. 7, the housing H accommodates parts necessary for image formation, that is, an image processing unit, a power supply unit, a cooling fan, and the like (not shown) to constitute a projection device.

  In the projection device of the present invention, the “surface on the concave mirror side” of the free-form surface lens may have the following shape.

  That is, the surface is rotationally asymmetric, convex in the Y-axis direction and the X-axis direction, and the power difference in the Y direction is smaller in absolute value than the power difference in the X direction.

  “Y-direction power difference” refers to the difference between the power near the axis B in the Y-axis direction and the power at the effective diameter end.

  “X-direction power difference” refers to the difference between the power near the axis B in the X-axis direction and the power at the effective diameter end.

  By making the concave mirror side surface of the free-form surface lens convex in the Y-axis direction and X-axis direction, the peripheral part away from the optical surface of the free-form surface on the concave mirror side is positioned on the “image forming unit side” To do.

  Therefore, “unnecessary light can be effectively avoided” at the peripheral portion.

  In addition, as described above, if the surface on the concave mirror side is convex in the Y-axis direction and the X-axis direction, the imaging light beam from the coaxial lens portion side is bent toward the axis B side (optical axis side).

  For this reason, the cross-sectional shape of the light beam traveling toward the concave mirror can be reduced, the reflection surface of the concave mirror can be effectively reduced, and this is effective in reducing the size of the projection apparatus.

  In the ultra-short projection projector, since the depth of focus in the Y direction is narrow, the amount of performance degradation due to the eccentricity and shape change of the free-form surface lens in the Y-axis direction tends to increase.

  By adopting the above shape, it is possible to suppress deterioration in performance even when the eccentricity or shape change occurs in the Y direction.

  The surface of the optical element (dustproof glass 13) preferably has a nanostructure.

  By adopting a structure that suppresses the angular characteristic of the reflectance on the surface of the optical element, the intensity of the reflected light striking the free-form surface mirror and the receiving portion can be lowered, and performance deterioration can be prevented.

It is preferable to have a light-shielding member (light-shielding member 15 in FIG. 1) on the inside of the apparatus near the screen near the optical element.
By installing the “light-shielding member”, it is possible to shield the reflected light from the optical element and prevent performance deterioration.

The holding member for the free-form surface lens and the lens barrel of the other group are preferably separate.
By making it a separate body, heat conduction from other groups can be suppressed, shape change and eccentricity are less likely to occur, and performance degradation can be suppressed more effectively.

  “An angle between the axis A and the normal of the optical element: θ” preferably satisfies either of the following conditions (1) and (2).

5 degrees <θ <20 degrees (1)
30 degrees <θ (2)
By satisfying the condition (1) or (2), it becomes easy to reduce the size of the projection apparatus and prevent the reflected light from hitting the free-form surface lens and its receiving portion.

  In the embodiment described above, the optical element is the dust-proof glass 13 which is a transparent parallel flat glass. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the optical element may be curved on one side or both sides.

  However, if an optical element having no power such as the dust-proof glass 13 is used, the occurrence of aberration due to decentering can be suppressed.

  On the screen SC, an enlarged image of the image generated by the image forming unit LV is projected. The larger one of the vertical and horizontal widths of the projected enlarged image is referred to as an enlarged image width.

  In the above embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, since the generated image is a “horizontal image” that is long in the X direction, the width in the X direction (horizontal direction) of the enlarged image is “enlarged image width”. It is.

  On the other hand, the distance from the end of the effective range of the concave mirror closest to the screen to the screen is referred to as the projection distance.

  The quotient obtained by dividing the projection distance by the enlarged image width: When the projection distance / enlarged image width is “TR”, this TR should satisfy the following condition (3).

TR <0.35 (3)
A projection apparatus that satisfies the condition (3) can project a large-sized enlarged image at an extremely short projection distance.

  If the periphery of the free-form surface lens is covered with a light-shielding member, unnecessary light can be effectively prevented from being irradiated to the rib portion of the free-form surface.

  With the configuration as described above, the projection optical system of the present invention can provide a projection device that has a very short projection distance, is small, and has little performance change.

Hereinafter, two numerical data of specific examples of the refractive optical system and the reflective optical system will be given. Examples 1 and 2 relate to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 7, respectively.
In these embodiments, an aspheric surface and a free-form surface are employed. In the following, the shape specification of the aspherical surface and the free-form surface is based on the following equation.

"Aspherical shape"
The “aspherical shape” is expressed by the well-known formula (A).
X = C · H ² / [1 + √ {1− (1 + K) C ² · H ² }] + ΣAi · H ⁱ (A)
In the formula (A), “X” is the aspherical amount in the axial direction, “C” is the paraxial curvature (reciprocal of the paraxial radius of curvature), “H” is the height from the optical axis, and “K” is the conic constant. , “Ai” is an i-th order aspheric coefficient.

  The sum of the right side of equation (A) is obtained by sequentially changing “i” as a parameter.

  The aspherical shape is specified by giving a paraxial radius of curvature, a conic constant, and an aspherical coefficient.

"Free-form surface shape"
The “free-form surface shape” is expressed by a well-known formula (B).
X = C · H ² / [1 + √ {1− (1 + K) C ² · H ² }] + ΣCj · x ^m · y ⁿ (B)
“X” on the left side of the formula (B) is a free-form surface amount in the base axis direction.

  The first term on the right side of Formula (B) is the same as the first term in Formula (A), and C, H, and K are the same as those in Formula (A).

  “Cj” in the second term on the right side of the equation (B) is a free-form surface coefficient. The parameter: j in the free-form surface coefficient: Cj is defined by the following equation.

j = 1 + {(m + n) ² + m + 3n} / 2
x and y are position coordinates (x, y) when “x coordinate” is set in the X axis direction and “y coordinate” is set in the Y axis direction with the position of the base axis parallel to the Z direction as the origin.

  The sum of the second term on the right side is obtained by sequentially changing “j” as a parameter.

  The free-form surface shape is specified by giving a paraxial radius of curvature, a conic constant, and a free-form surface coefficient.

  The paraxial radius of curvature is a radius of curvature in the vicinity of the base axis in the equations (A) and (B).

  Example 1 corresponds to the embodiment shown in FIG.

  FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view on the reference plane) of the refractive optical system of Example 1.

  The refractive optical system has a three-lens group configuration, and includes a first lens group I, a second lens group II, and a third lens group III. The third lens group III is a “free curved surface lens”.

  The first lens group I and the second lens group II constitute a coaxial lens portion 10.

  6 shows the lens group arrangement when the projected image size is 80 inches (far distance side), and the lower figure shows the lens group arrangement when the size is 48 inches (short distance side). .

  That is, the refractive optical system includes a first lens group I having a positive refractive power, a second lens group II having a negative refractive power, and a third lens group in order from the image forming unit LV side to the enlargement side (to the right in the drawing). III is arranged.

  An aperture stop S is arranged in the first lens group I.

  A concave mirror (not shown) is arranged on the right side (enlargement side) of the free-form surface lens forming the third lens group III in FIG.

  Focusing with respect to a change in the projection distance is performed by moving the second lens group II and the third lens group III to the enlargement side during focusing from the long distance side to the short distance side.

  Projection distance: In focusing on the short distance side of 48 inches, the third lens group III has the largest feed amount.

  The first lens group I is composed of ten lenses of first to tenth lenses arranged in order from the image forming unit LV side to the enlargement side.

  The first lens is a double-sided aspherical biconvex lens having a “stronger convex surface” facing the image forming unit LV side.

  The second lens is a biconvex lens with a “stronger convex surface” facing the enlargement side, and the third lens is a biconcave lens with a stronger concave surface facing the image forming unit side.

  The second lens and the third lens are cemented to form a cemented lens.

  The fourth lens is a biconvex lens having a “stronger convex surface” on the image forming unit LV side, and the fifth lens is a positive meniscus lens having a convex surface on the enlargement side and both surfaces being aspheric.

  An aperture stop S is disposed on the enlargement side of the fifth lens.

  The sixth lens is a biconcave lens having a “stronger concave surface” facing the image forming unit side, and the seventh lens is a positive meniscus lens having a convex surface facing the image forming unit LV.

  The sixth lens and the seventh lens are cemented to form a cemented lens.

  The eighth lens is a biconvex lens having a “stronger convex surface” on the magnification side, and the ninth lens is a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface on the magnification side.

  The tenth lens is a biconvex lens having a “stronger convex surface” on the magnification side.

  The second lens group II includes three lenses of an eleventh lens to a thirteenth lens in order from the image forming unit LV side to the magnification side.

  The eleventh lens is a double-sided aspheric positive meniscus lens having a convex surface facing the image forming unit LV, and the twelfth lens is a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface facing the enlargement side.

The thirteenth lens is a double-sided aspherical biconcave lens having a “stronger concave surface” facing the image forming unit LV side.
The fourteenth lens forming the third lens group III is the free-form surface lens 11.

  Moreover, the shape of the reflecting surface of the concave mirror is also a free-form surface.

  The meanings of the symbols in the examples are as follows. The unit of the quantity having the dimension of length is “mm” unless otherwise specified.

f: Focal length of the entire system
NA: Opening efficiency
ω: Half angle of view (deg)
R: radius of curvature (for aspheric surfaces, the paraxial radius of curvature)
D: Surface spacing
Nd: Refractive index for d-line
Vd: Abbe number for d line
K: Aspherical conical constant
Ai: i-th aspherical constant
Cj: Free-form surface coefficient
"Example 1"
The data of Example 1 is shown in Table 1.

  The leftmost column of Table 1 is “surface number” counted from the image forming unit LV side, and the surface displaying the image of the image forming unit LV is surface number 1.

  An aperture stop is disposed between the surface numbers 12 and 13.

  Surfaces indicated by “*” in the surface numbers shown in Table 1 are “aspherical surfaces”, and surfaces given “**” are “free-form surfaces”. The numerical aperture of the example is 0.200.

"Variable amount"
Table 2 shows changes in the size (screen size) of the enlarged image and the variable intervals (variable A to variable D) due to focusing.

"Aspherical data"
Table 3 shows the aspherical data.

  The aspherical base axis is the optical axis of the coaxial lens portion.

In the above notation, for example, “−2.1895E-05” represents “−2.1895 × 10 ⁻⁵ ”. The same applies to the following.

"Free-form surface data"
Table 4 shows the free-form surface coefficient data.

  In Table 4, the 28th and 29th surfaces are free curved surfaces on the image forming unit side and the enlargement side of the free curved surface lens, and the 30th surface is a reflecting surface of the concave mirror.

  The base axes of the 28th and 29th surfaces, which are free-form surfaces of the free-form surface lens, are the optical axes of the coaxial lens portions, and are the same as the aspherical base axes.

"Position of concave mirror"
Data related to the position of the concave mirror is given below.
As a reference, the position of the free curved surface of the free curved lens closest to the concave mirror is used.

  That is, the vertex of the free-form surface in the focused state where the projection image is the maximum (80 inches) is used as a reference.

  The shape and position are specified by giving the distance from the reference to the concave mirror reflecting surface position in the Z direction (optical axis direction), the distance in the Y axis direction from the optical axis to the base axis, and the inclination angle α.

  The angle of inclination: α (unit “degree”) is the inclination in the reference plane of the reflecting surface at the intersection of the optical axis of the refractive optical system and the reflecting surface of the concave mirror, and its positive / negative is in accordance with the rules described above.

  These values are given in Table 5.

  The dust-proof glass is a parallel plate having a thickness of 3 mm by a glass material: S-BSL7 (nd = 1.5168, Vd = 64.2), and the size on the YZ plane is 35 mm.

The values relating to the position of the dustproof glass in Table 5 are the coordinates in the Y and Z directions of the center of the screen side surface of the dustproof glass.
That is, the Y axis is the “distance in the Y direction from the optical axis”, and the Z direction (the optical axis direction) is the distance from the central portion from the “vertical vertex of the free-form curved surface”.

"Relationship between projection distance and TR"
Table 6 shows the relationship between the projection distance / enlarged image width TR and the projection distance.

  In the projection apparatus of Embodiment 1, DMD is assumed as the image display element.

  The size of the DMD image forming unit is as follows.

Horizontal direction (X direction) Length: 14.5152mm
Longitudinal direction (Y direction) length: 9.072 mm
The image forming unit is shifted in the Y direction with respect to the optical axis of the refractive optical system, but the distance between the optical axis and the center of the image forming unit is 5.929 mm.

  That is, the distance between the optical axis end of the image forming unit and the optical axis is 1.39 mm.

  The dot size (pixel size) in the image forming unit is 7.56 μm.

"Example 2"
The example corresponds to the embodiment shown in FIG.

  The data of Example 2 is shown in Table 7 following Table 1. Also in Example 2, the numerical aperture is 0.200.

  The folding mirror (surface number 30) used in Example 2 is a plane mirror having an infinite radius of curvature, which only folds the imaging light beam and does not have an imaging function.

  The refractive optical system and the concave mirror used in the second embodiment are the same as those used in the first embodiment.

  Therefore, in the data shown in Table 7, the “refractive optical system portion” from surface number 1 to surface number 29 is the same as the data shown in Table 1, and surface number 31 is the reflecting surface of the concave mirror.

  Therefore, with respect to the refractive optical system, the contents of the first embodiment described with reference to FIG. 6 can be applied to the refractive optical system of the second embodiment.

"Variable amount"
Table 8 shows the change in the size (screen size) of the enlarged image accompanying the focusing and the variable interval (variable A to variable D) in accordance with Table 2.

  Since there is a folding mirror (surface number 30), the variable D has the opposite sign to that in Table 2 of the first embodiment. The “folding mirror” is a plane mirror and has no power.

"Aspherical data"
Table 9 shows the aspherical data.

"Free-form surface data"
Table 10 shows the data of free-form surface coefficients.

  As described above, the refractive optical system and the concave mirror of Example 2 are the same as those of Example 1, so Table 9 is the same as Table 3 and Table 10 is the same as Table 4.

"Position of the folding mirror and concave mirror"
Table 11 shows the positions and positions of the arrangement of the folding mirror and the concave mirror in the second embodiment, following Table 5.

  The dust-proof glass is a parallel plate having a thickness of 3 mm by glass material: S-BSL7 (nd = 1.5168, Vd = 64.2), and the size on the YZ plane is 30 mm.

The values related to the position of the dust-proof glass in Table 11 are the coordinates in the Y and Z directions of the center of the screen side surface of the dust-proof glass.
That is, the Y axis is the “distance in the Y direction from the optical axis”, and the Z direction (the optical axis direction) is the distance from the central portion from the “vertical vertex of the free-form curved surface”.

"Relationship between projection distance and TR"
The relationship between the projection distance / enlarged image width TR and the projection distance is shown in Table 12 following Table 6.

  In the projection apparatus of the second embodiment, the same DMD as described above with respect to the first embodiment is assumed as the image display element.

  The shift amount (1.39 mm) in the Y direction with respect to the optical axis of the refractive optical system is also the same.

  The inclination angle θ of the dust-proof glass 13 as an optical element is set to θ = 10 degrees in the first embodiment and θ = 15 degrees in the second embodiment, and the condition (1) is satisfied in any case. .

When using a folding mirror (surface number 30) as in Example 2, the range of angle: θ is
When 15 degrees <θ <30 degrees, the primary unnecessary light from the dust-proof glass irradiates the free-form surface lens.

  Accordingly, the angle θ in this case needs to be set so as to satisfy the condition (2).

  As described above, the free curved surface lenses in Examples 1 and 2 are the same. Therefore, the shape and the like can be discussed in the same row for the first and second embodiments.

  FIG. 11 shows power distributions in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction of the “surface on the concave mirror side of the free-form surface lens (surface number 29)”.

  The power in the X-axis direction is Px, and the power in the Y-axis direction is Py. These powers Px and Py are defined as follows.

  The free-form surface shape is represented by f (x, y), and the one-time differential and the two-fold differential by x, y are expressed as f′x, f ″ x, f′y, f ″ as follows. If y is given, these are given as follows.

f'x = ∂f (x, y) / ∂x, f''x = ∂ 2 f (x, y) / ∂x 2 = ∂f'x / ∂x
f'y = ∂f (x, y) / ∂y, f''y = ∂ 2 f (x, y) / ∂y 2 = ∂f'y / ∂y.

  The above powers: Px and Py are defined as follows using these.

Px = f ″ x / {1+ (f′x) ² } ^3/2
Px = f ″ y / {1+ (f′y) ² } ^3/2 .

  The left diagram of FIG. 11 shows the X-axis direction (X direction) power: Px distribution divided into a plurality of regions, and the right diagram shows the Y-axis direction (Y direction) power: Py distribution. These are divided into areas.

  From FIG. 11, the absolute value of the power: Px “power difference between the power near the axis B (base axis) and the power at the end of the effective diameter” is the power: Px “side near the axis B (base axis)” It is larger than the absolute value of “the power difference between the power at the end and the power at the end of the effective diameter”.

  Further, as is apparent from Tables 4 and 9 which give the self-sufficiency curved surface data of surface number 29, the surface on the concave mirror side of the free-form surface lens has a rotationally asymmetric shape and has a convex shape in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.

  As is clear from the embodiment described above, the projection device of the present invention can suppress the deformation and eccentricity of the surface shape of the free-form surface lens by appropriate arrangement of the dust-proof glass.

  Therefore, it is possible to realize a small projection device that can stably maintain high performance.

  Here are some supplements.

  1 and 7 described above, a DMD is assumed as the image display element. However, the image display element is not limited to the DMD.

  As the image display element, besides DMD, a known appropriate light valve such as a transmissive liquid crystal panel or a reflective liquid crystal panel can be used.

  In the case of an image display element that does not have a “function of emitting light itself” like the DMD assumed as an image display element in the embodiment, an illumination device LS is used as shown in FIGS.

  That is, the image information formed in the image forming unit LV is illuminated with illumination light from the illumination device LS.

  The illumination device LS preferably has a function of efficiently illuminating the image forming unit LV.

  In order to make the illumination of the image forming unit LV more uniform, for example, a rod integrator or a fly eye integrator can be used.

  As the illumination light source, a white light source such as an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp, a xenon lamp, a halogen lamp, or an LED, or a monochromatic light source such as a single color light emitting LED or LD can be used.

  As the image display element, a “self-luminous method having a function of emitting a generated image” can be used.

  In FIG. 1 and FIG. 7, the light shielding member 15 is installed so as to be in contact with the dustproof glass 13, but the installation position of the light shielding member 15 is not limited thereto.

  The shape of the light shielding member 15 is also shown as a rectangle for convenience, but is not limited thereto, and a film may be used, or the light shielding member may be formed as a part of the holding member.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 (specifically, Example 1), the reflecting optical system is constituted by a single concave mirror.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 (specifically, Example 2), a reflecting optical system is constituted by one concave mirror and one folding mirror.

  The configuration of the reflective optical system is not limited to these examples. The reflection optical system can be composed of two or more mirrors including at least one concave mirror.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the folding mirror 16 is a plane mirror. However, the reflecting surface may be a convex surface or a concave surface to give “power”.

  The power in that case may be “anamorphic power”.

  Two or more concave mirrors can also be used.

  The dust-proof glass as the optical element is preferably subjected to antireflection treatment to reduce the intensity of unnecessary light.

  As the antireflection treatment, an antireflection film by multi-coating or a fine nano-sized uneven structure can be formed on the glass surface, and the angle characteristic of reflectance can be set optimally.

  Needless to say, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be appropriately changed without departing from the scope of the invention.

Image forming unit of LV image display element
LS lighting equipment
10 Coaxial lens part of refractive optical system 11 Free-form surface lens
12 Concave optical mirror
13 Dust-proof glass as an optical element 14 Free curved surface receiving member
15 Shading member
SC screen
H housing

JP2007-079524 JP2011-242606 JP2011-150029A

Claims (17)

A projection device that enlarges and projects an image displayed on an image display element as an enlarged image on a screen,
On the imaging optical path from the image display element to the screen, from the image display element side, a refractive optical system, a reflective optical system, and an optical element,
The refractive optical system has a free-form surface lens;
The reflective optical system has one or more mirrors,
The optical element is disposed between the mirror and the screen on the imaging optical path;
When a surface including a light beam that passes through the center of an aperture stop provided in the refractive optical system and goes toward the center of the enlarged image on the screen is used as a reference surface, the reflected light from the optical element in the reference surface The projection apparatus is characterized in that an inclination angle of an element surface normal of the optical element with respect to an axis A orthogonal to the normal of the screen is set so as not to irradiate the free-form surface lens or its holding member. The projection device according to claim 1,
At least one of the one or more mirrors included in the reflective optical system is a concave mirror,
The optical element is disposed between the screen and a concave mirror closest to the screen in the imaging optical path;
In the reference plane, the direction from the center of the image display element to the center of the screen is defined as the positive direction of the axis A, and the optical element is inclined toward the negative direction of the axis A from the side far from the screen to the side closer to the screen. Projection device characterized by that. The projection device according to claim 1 or 2,
In the reference plane, the direction from the center of the image display element to the center of the screen is defined as the positive direction of the axis A, and the optical element is inclined toward the negative direction of the axis A from the side far from the screen to the side closer to the screen. Projection device characterized by that. The projection device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
In the reference plane, when the axis perpendicular to the axis B shared by the refractive optical system is the Y axis, and the axis perpendicular to the axis B and the Y axis is the X axis,
The free-form surface lens has a rotationally asymmetric shape on the concave mirror side, and has a convex shape in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.
The power difference between the power near the axis B in the Y direction and the power at the effective diameter end is the power difference in the Y direction, and the power difference between the power near the axis B in the X direction and the power at the effective diameter end. Is the power difference in the X direction,
A projection apparatus, wherein a power difference in the Y direction is smaller in absolute value than a power difference in the X direction. In the projection device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
A projection apparatus, wherein a surface of an optical element has a nanostructure. In the projection device according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
A projection apparatus comprising: a light-shielding member that shields light reflected by an optical element from a free-form surface lens on a side close to the screen in the vicinity of the optical element inside a housing provided with the optical element. The projection device according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
A projection device, wherein a surface of a member surrounding a space between a refractive optical system and a concave mirror has at least one of a concave shape and a convex shape. The projection device according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
A projection device characterized in that a surface of a member surrounding a space between a refractive optical system and a concave mirror has a structure for irregularly reflecting light. The projection device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein
Projection characterized in that the normal of the member surrounding the space between the refractive optical system and the concave mirror is inclined with respect to the Y axis perpendicular to the axis B shared by the refractive optical system in the reference plane apparatus. The projection device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, or claim 8 or 9,
A projection apparatus characterized in that a member surrounding a space between the refractive optical system and the concave mirror has a tapered shape so as to spread in the direction of the axis B shared by the refractive optical system. The projection device according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
A projection apparatus, wherein a surface of a member surrounding a space between a refractive optical system and a concave mirror is covered with a light absorbing material. The projection device according to any one of claims 1 to 11,
A projection apparatus, wherein a member for holding a free-form surface lens included in a refractive optical system is formed of a material having high thermal conductivity. The projection device according to any one of claims 1 to 12,
A projection apparatus comprising a holding member for a free-form surface lens included in a refractive optical system and a lens barrel of another group. The projection device according to any one of claims 1 to 13,
The angle between the normal of the optical element and the axis A: θ is as follows:
5 degrees <θ <20 degrees (1)
30 degrees <θ (2)
Any one of the above is satisfied. The projection device according to any one of claims 1 to 14,
An optical element disposed between a concave mirror closest to the screen on the imaging optical path and the screen has no power. The projection device according to any one of claims 1 to 15,
The distance from the edge of the effective range of the concave mirror closest to the screen to the screen is the projection distance, the larger of the enlarged image projected on the screen is the enlarged image width,
When the projection distance / enlarged image width is TR, the TR satisfies the following conditions:
TR <0.35 (3)
A projection device characterized by satisfying The projection device according to any one of claims 1 to 16,
A projection apparatus, wherein a peripheral portion of a free-form surface lens included in a refractive optical system is covered with a light shielding member.

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