JP6213175B2 - Control device for compression ignition engine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a control device for a compression ignition engine.

  Conventionally, for the purpose of improving fuel efficiency, compression auto-ignition combustion has been performed in a combustion chamber formed in a cylinder of an engine body.

  Here, in order to realize stable compression auto-ignition combustion, it is necessary to appropriately control the temperature of the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder.

  For example, when the temperature of the air-fuel mixture is too high, the pressure rise during combustion becomes steep or prematurely ignited, resulting in increased combustion noise and abnormal combustion such as knocking. In contrast, Patent Document 1 discloses an engine that performs compression auto-ignition combustion, and performs compression auto-ignition combustion only in a low-rotation low-load region where the temperature of the air-fuel mixture is relatively low. In the rotational region and the high load region, a spark ignition combustion is disclosed.

  JP 2012-172665 A

  On the other hand, in order to realize compression self-ignition combustion, it is necessary to raise the temperature of the air-fuel mixture to a temperature at which self-ignition is possible. However, since the amount of heat generated by combustion is small in the extremely low load region where the engine load is low and the amount of fuel supplied is small, the temperature of the air-fuel mixture does not rise to a temperature at which self-ignition is possible, and stable compression auto-ignition combustion is realized. There is a risk that it will not be. In particular, in an engine that is configured to have a small engine resistance and requires a small amount of fuel for the required engine load, the above problem may occur remarkably. On the other hand, for example, spark ignition combustion is performed in an extremely low load region, and compression auto-ignition combustion is performed only in a relatively high load region, or combustion is stopped in an extremely low load region, that is, an extremely low load. One possible solution is to set a relatively high load as the minimum engine load without providing a region, but in such a case, in a vehicle equipped with this engine, there is no acceleration or no acceleration. At the time of deceleration to the load state, there is a problem that a torque shock occurs due to a change in the combustion mode or a rapid change in the load, and good running performance cannot be obtained.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and provides a control device for a compression ignition engine that can realize stable compression auto-ignition combustion even in an operation region where the engine load is low.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a cylinder in which a combustion chamber in which an air-fuel mixture containing at least fuel and air is burned is formed, an intake port for introducing intake air into the cylinder, An engine main body having an exhaust port for exhausting exhaust gas, an intake valve capable of opening and closing the intake port, an exhaust valve capable of opening and closing the exhaust port, a combustion mode of the air-fuel mixture, and a combustion chamber remaining in the combustion chamber Control means for controlling the internal EGR rate, which is the ratio of the burned gas in the mixture, and the exhaust valve open state and the intake valve open state, and the control means includes at least an engine In a low load region where the load is lower than a predetermined load, the combustion mode is set to compression auto-ignition combustion, and in the compression auto-ignition region where the compression auto-ignition combustion is carried out, the engine load is higher than the specific load and the high-load side compression auto-ignition Territory In the by the causes remain burned gas into the combustion chamber by opening at the exhaust valve exhaust stroke and the intake stroke, the closing timing of the exhaust valve retarded as the engine load is low The internal EGR rate is increased as the engine load is lower, and in the low load side compression auto-ignition region where the engine load is less than a specific load, the exhaust valve is opened during the exhaust stroke and the intake stroke, and during the intake stroke, the exhaust valve is opened. The intake valve is opened after the exhaust valve is closed during the intake stroke so that a negative overlap period in which both the exhaust valve and the intake valve are closed occurs. There is provided a control device for a compression ignition engine characterized in that the closing timing of the exhaust valve is advanced.

  According to the present invention, in the high-load side compression auto-ignition region of a specific load or higher, the internal EGR is performed in which high-temperature burned gas remains in the combustion chamber, and the internal EGR rate is increased as the engine load is lower. The combustion can be achieved by increasing the amount of fuel accompanying the increase in pumping loss in the low-load side compression auto-ignition region below the specified load, that is, in the extremely low load region. Stable compressed auto-ignition combustion can be realized at high temperatures. This ensures good running performance by avoiding improvement of fuel consumption performance and switching of the combustion mode in the vicinity of the extremely low load region.

  Specifically, although the temperature in the combustion chamber decreases as the engine load decreases, in the present invention, in the high load side compression auto-ignition region where the engine load is higher than the predetermined load and the temperature of the burned gas is somewhat high, The lower the value, the higher the internal EGR rate, that is, the proportion of the high-temperature burned gas. Therefore, the burned gas can appropriately increase the temperature of the combustion chamber and the air-fuel mixture according to the engine load, and stable compressed auto-ignition combustion can be realized in the entire high load side compression auto-ignition region.

  On the other hand, in the low load side compression auto-ignition region where the engine load is lower than the specific load, that is, the extremely low load region, the amount of heat generated is small, so the temperature of the burned gas is not sufficiently high, and the air-fuel mixture is only increased by increasing the internal EGR rate. The temperature cannot be raised properly. In contrast, in the present invention, in the low load side compression auto-ignition region, the exhaust valve is closed during the intake stroke, and the intake valve is opened after the exhaust valve is closed, so that the exhaust valve and the intake valve are opened during the intake stroke. A negative overlap period in which both valves are closed is generated, and the negative overlap period is increased by advancing the valve closing timing of the exhaust valve as the engine load is lower. In other words, in an extremely low load region, the pumping loss is caused by the expansion of the burned gas in the cylinder during the negative overlap period after the exhaust valve is closed until the intake valve is opened. At the same time, the pumping loss is controlled to increase as the engine load decreases. Therefore, the engine work required for the required engine load is increased by the increase of the pumping loss in the entire region of extremely low load, and the injection amount and heat generation amount supplied into the combustion chamber are increased accordingly. The temperature of the combustion chamber and the air-fuel mixture can be raised, and stable compression ignition combustion can be realized even in the low load side compression ignition region.

In the present invention , the exhaust valve is opened in the exhaust stroke and the intake stroke in the high load side compression auto-ignition region, so that the burned gas once exhausted outside the cylinder in the exhaust stroke enters the cylinder in the intake stroke. Due to the reverse flow, a large amount of high-temperature burned gas, that is, EGR gas can be secured in the cylinder. By delaying the closing timing of the exhaust valve, the reverse flow rate of the exhaust can be increased, and the EGR rate can be surely increased as the engine load decreases to realize stable self-ignition combustion. it can.

In the present invention, ozone introduction means capable of introducing ozone into the cylinder is further provided, and the control means introduces ozone into the cylinder by the ozone introduction means in the low load side compression auto-ignition region. ( Claim 2 ).

  In this way, the ignitability of the air-fuel mixture and the stability of the compression ignition combustion can be further enhanced in the low load side compression ignition region.

As the ozone introducing means include those which generate ozone from oxygen in the air sucked into the cylinder (claim 3).

  In the present invention, in the low load side compression auto-ignition region, the intake valve is opened after the exhaust valve is closed during the intake stroke, and the closing timing of the exhaust valve is advanced when the engine load is lower. The period during which the exhaust valve is open during the intake stroke becomes shorter as the engine load is lower. Therefore, in the low load side compression self-ignition region, the lower the engine load, the smaller the internal EGR rate, and the new air amount, that is, the proportion of the air amount sucked into the cylinder increases. Therefore, if ozone that generates ozone from fresh air, that is, oxygen in the air sucked into the cylinder, is used as the ozone introducing means, the amount of ozone supplied to the cylinder can be appropriately increased as the engine load decreases. Therefore, stable compression auto-ignition combustion can be more reliably realized in the entire low load side compression auto-ignition region.

  As described above, according to the present invention, stable compression ignition combustion can be realized even in an operation region where the engine load is low.

1 is a schematic view showing an engine system according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram which concerns on control of the engine system shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which expands and shows the combustion chamber shown in FIG. (A) It is the figure which showed the lift characteristic of the exhaust valve in normal mode. (B) It is the figure which showed the lift characteristic of the exhaust valve in a special mode. It is a figure which illustrates the operation control map of an engine. (A) It is the figure which showed the valve opening state of the exhaust valve and the intake valve in the high load side of 2nd area | region. (B) It is the figure which showed the valve opening state of the exhaust valve and the intake valve in the low load side of 2nd area | region. It is the figure which showed the relationship between the engine load in a CI combustion area | region, and the valve closing timing of an exhaust valve. It is the figure which showed the relationship between the engine load in a whole driving | running area | region, and an EGR rate. (A) It is the figure which showed the valve opening state of the exhaust valve and intake valve by the high load side of 1st area | region. (B) It is the figure which showed the valve opening state of the exhaust valve and the intake valve in the low load side of 1st area | region. It is a typical PV diagram for demonstrating a pumping loss. It is the figure which showed the relationship between the engine load and fuel quantity in a CI combustion area | region. It is the figure which showed the relationship between the engine load in a CI combustion area | region, and ozone concentration. It is a schematic block diagram of an ozone generator.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an engine system 100 to which a control device for a compression ignition engine according to the present invention is applied. The engine system 100 is mounted on a vehicle and has an engine body 1.

  The engine body 1 is a gasoline engine to which a fuel containing at least gasoline is supplied, and is a four-cycle engine, that is, an engine in which an intake stroke, a compression stroke, an expansion stroke, and an exhaust stroke are sequentially performed. The engine body 1 is a compression ignition type engine in which compression self-ignition combustion is performed. The engine body 1 includes a cylinder block 11 provided with a cylinder 18 and a cylinder head 12 disposed on the cylinder block 11. The engine body 1 has, for example, four cylinders 18.

  A piston 14 connected to the crankshaft 15 via a connecting rod 142 is fitted in each cylinder 18 so as to be able to reciprocate. In each cylinder 18, a combustion chamber 19 surrounded by the inner surface of the cylinder 18 and the top surface of the piston 14 is formed.

  Although the specific structure of the piston 14 and the combustion chamber 19 is not specifically limited, For example, it has a structure as shown in FIG. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the center of the top surface of the piston 14 is a so-called reentrant type that is recessed in a direction away from the cylinder head 12 and becomes shallower after the depth becomes deeper from the center toward the radially outer side. The cavity 141 is formed.

  In the present embodiment, the geometric compression ratio of the engine body 1 is set to a relatively high value of 15 or more for the purpose of improving the thermal efficiency and stabilizing the compression ignition combustion. The geometric compression ratio of the engine body 1 is not limited to this, but a range of about 15 or more and 20 or less is preferable.

  In the cylinder head 12, an intake port 16 for introducing intake air into the cylinder 18 and an exhaust port 17 for discharging exhaust gas from the cylinder 18 are formed for each cylinder 18. The intake port 16 and the exhaust port 17 are provided with these ports, specifically, an intake valve 21 and an exhaust valve 22 that open and close the openings of the ports 16 and 17 formed in the cylinder head 12, respectively. Yes.

  The exhaust valve 22 is driven by an exhaust valve drive mechanism 70a. The exhaust valve drive mechanism 70 a includes an exhaust valve lift variable mechanism (hereinafter referred to as “exhaust VVL (variable valve lift)”) 71 and an exhaust phase variable mechanism (hereinafter referred to as “exhaust VVT (variable valve timing)”) 75.

  The exhaust VVL 71 switches the operation mode of the exhaust valve 22 between a normal mode indicated by a solid line in FIG. 4A and a special mode indicated by a solid line in FIG. That is, the lift characteristic of the exhaust valve 22 is switched between a first characteristic indicated by a solid line in FIG. 4A and a second characteristic indicated by a solid line in FIG. In the normal mode, the valve lift of the exhaust valve 22 gradually increases after opening, and when it reaches the maximum lift, it gradually decreases again to zero. In the special mode, the valve lift of the exhaust valve 22 gradually increases after the valve opening and reaches the maximum lift during the first valve opening period t_1 as in the normal mode. Without reaching zero as it is, the lift amount, that is, the lift lower than the maximum lift in the first valve opening period t_1 is maintained for a predetermined period, and then reaches zero. As described above, in the special mode, the opening period of the exhaust valve 22, that is, the period t_3 from when the exhaust valve 22 is opened to when the exhaust valve 22 is finally closed (during the intake stroke in this embodiment) is a predetermined period. A first valve opening period t_1 that is the maximum lift of the second valve, and a second valve configured to be smaller than the maximum lift in the first valve opening period t_1 continuously from the first valve opening period t_1. It consists of a valve opening period t_2. In the special mode, the valve is opened from immediately before the closing timing in the normal mode to a predetermined timing that is retarded from the closing timing in the normal mode, and the opening period of the exhaust valve is longer in the special mode than in the normal mode. It is getting longer. The exhaust VVL 71 includes a first cam and a second cam having different cam shapes in order to realize these modes. The first cam has a shape corresponding to the lift characteristic indicated by the solid line in FIG. 4A and has one cam crest. The second cam has a shape corresponding to the lift characteristic indicated by the broken line in FIG. 4B, and has two cam peaks. The exhaust VVL 71 includes a lost motion mechanism that selectively transmits the operating state of the first cam and the second cam to the exhaust valve 22. By transmitting the operating state of the first cam to the exhaust valve 22, the exhaust valve 22. The operation state is set to the normal mode, and the operation state of the exhaust valve 22 is set to the special mode by transmitting the operation state of the second cam to the exhaust valve 22. The exhaust VVL 71 is, for example, a hydraulically operated type. When the operating state of the second cam is transmitted to the exhaust valve 22, the lift characteristic of the exhaust valve 22 has a shape shown by a broken line in FIG.

  The exhaust VVT 75 changes the opening timing and closing timing of the exhaust valve 22 by changing the rotation phase of the exhaust camshaft with respect to the crankshaft 15. The exhaust valve VVT75 changes the valve opening timing and the valve closing timing of the exhaust valve 22 while maintaining the valve opening period of the exhaust valve 22 constant in each mode of the normal mode and the special mode. The exhaust VVT 75 may employ a hydraulic, electromagnetic, or mechanical known structure as appropriate, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

  The exhaust VVT 75 sets the rotational phase of the exhaust camshaft so that the exhaust valve 22 opens in the intake stroke in addition to the exhaust stroke when the operating state of the exhaust valve 22 is in the special mode. Further, when the exhaust valve 22 is in the special mode, the exhaust VVT 75 has the intake top dead center during the second valve opening period t_2, that is, the valve of the exhaust valve 22 at the intake top dead center. The rotational phase of the exhaust camshaft is set so that the lift becomes a relatively small value realized during the second valve opening period t_2. Thus, in the present embodiment, the exhaust valve 22 is opened during the intake stroke in addition to the exhaust stroke when the operating state of the exhaust valve 22 is set to the special mode. In particular, in the present embodiment, the exhaust valve 22 is continuously opened in the exhaust stroke and the intake stroke with the intake top dead center being sandwiched without closing in the middle. Here, when the exhaust valve 22 is continuously opened across the intake top dead center, the exhaust valve 22 and the piston 14 may interfere with each other. On the other hand, in this embodiment, as described above, the valve lift amount of the exhaust valve 22 near the intake top dead center is suppressed to a small value, so that interference between the exhaust valve 22 and the piston 14 is avoided. Can do. The exhaust double opening, that is, the special mode is performed in order to perform a so-called internal EGR by leaving the high-temperature burned gas, that is, the internal EGR gas in the combustion chamber 19. Specifically, when the exhaust is opened twice and the exhaust valve 22 is opened even during the intake stroke, the exhaust once discharged to the exhaust port 17 during the exhaust stroke is in the combustion chamber 19 during the intake stroke. Then, exhaust gas, that is, high-temperature burned gas remains in the combustion chamber 19.

  The intake valve 22 is driven by an intake valve drive mechanism 70b. As with the exhaust valve drive mechanism 70a, the intake valve drive mechanism 70b changes the rotation phase of the intake jam shaft relative to the intake VVL 74 and the crankshaft 15 by switching the operation mode of the intake valve 21 in two modes, and opens the intake valve 21. Intake VVT72 which changes valve timing and valve closing timing is included.

  The intake VVL 74 selectively selects the large lift cam that relatively increases the valve lift of the intake valve 21, the small lift cam that relatively decreases the valve lift of the intake valve 21, and the operating state of one of these cams. And a lost motion mechanism that transmits to the intake valve 21. The intake VVL 74 transmits the operation state of the large lift cam to the intake valve 21, thereby setting the operation mode of the intake valve 21 to a mode in which the valve lift and the valve opening period are relatively large. The intake VVL 74 transmits the operation state of the small lift cam to the intake valve 21, thereby setting the operation mode of the intake valve 21 to a mode in which the valve lift and the valve opening period are relatively small. The large lift cam and the small lift cam are set to be switched at the same valve closing timing or valve opening timing.

  As with the exhaust VVT 75, the intake VVT 72 may employ a known hydraulic, electromagnetic, or mechanical structure as appropriate, and illustration of the detailed structure is omitted.

  An intake passage 30 is connected to each intake port 16. Specifically, a branch passage that branches in correspondence with the cylinder 18 is formed at the downstream end of the intake passage 30, and these branch passages are connected to the intake ports 16.

  In the intake passage 30, an air cleaner 31, a water-cooled intercooler / warmer 34, a throttle valve 36, and a surge tank 33 are arranged in this order from the upstream side.

  An intercooler bypass passage 35 that bypasses the intercooler / warmer 34 is connected to the intake passage 30. The intercooler bypass passage 35 is provided with an intercooler bypass valve 351 for adjusting the flow rate of air passing through the intercooler bypass passage 35 in order to adjust the temperature of fresh air flowing into the cylinder 18. Note that the intercooler / warmer 34 and its associated members may be omitted.

  An exhaust passage 40 is connected to each exhaust port 17. Specifically, similarly to the intake passage 30, branch passages that branch in correspondence with the cylinders 18 are formed at the upstream end of the exhaust passage 40, and these branch passages are connected to the intake ports 18. .

  The exhaust passage 40 is provided with an exhaust purification device that purifies harmful components in the exhaust gas. In the present embodiment, a direct catalyst 41 and an underfoot catalyst 42 are provided in order from the upstream side. The direct catalyst 41 and the underfoot catalyst 42 include, for example, a three-way catalyst.

  An EGR device 50 is provided between the intake passage 30 and the exhaust passage 40 to recirculate a part of the exhaust gas to the intake air, that is, to perform external EGR. The EGR device 50 includes an EGR passage 51, an EGR cooler 52, and an EGR cooler bypass passage 53. The EGR passage 51 connects a portion of the intake passage 30 between the surge tank 33 and the throttle valve 36 and a portion of the exhaust passage 40 upstream of the direct catalyst 41. The EGR cooler 52 is for cooling the gas passing through the EGR passage 51, and is interposed in the EGR passage 51. The EGR cooler bypass passage 53 is a passage that bypasses the EGR cooler 52, and connects the upstream and downstream portions of the EGR cooler 52 in the EGR passage 51. The EGR passage 51 and the EGR cooler bypass passage 53 are provided with an EGR valve 511 and an EGR cooler bypass valve 531 for adjusting the flow rate of exhaust gas passing through the passages 51 and 53, respectively. Hereinafter, recirculation of a part of the exhaust gas to the intake air using the EGR device 50 is referred to as external EGR, and the exhaust gas recirculated to the intake air by the EGR device 50 may be referred to as external EGR gas.

  An injector 67 that directly injects fuel into the combustion chamber 19 is attached to the cylinder head 12 for each cylinder 18. As shown in FIG. 3, the injector 67 is disposed so that its nozzle hole faces the inside of the combustion chamber 19 from the central portion of the ceiling surface of the combustion chamber 19, and is opposed to the cavity 141. In the present embodiment, the injector 67 is a multi-hole type having a plurality of nozzle holes. The fuel spray injected from the injector 67 spreads radially from the center position of the combustion chamber 19.

  Here, when the fuel is injected from the injector 67 at the timing when the piston 14 is positioned near the compression top dead center, the fuel spray flows along the wall surface of the cavity 141 as shown by the arrow in FIG. Therefore, in the engine system 100, when performing high-pressure retarded injection, which will be described later, the fuel spray can be diffused earlier and an air-fuel mixture can be formed earlier.

  Fuel is supplied to the injector 67 from a fuel tank (not shown) by the fuel supply system 62. The fuel supply system 62 includes a fuel pump 63 and a pressure accumulation rail 64. The fuel pump 63 pumps fuel from the fuel tank to the pressure accumulation rail 64. In the present embodiment, the fuel pump 63 is a plunger type pump driven by the engine 1. The pressure accumulation rail 64 stores the pumped fuel at a relatively high pressure. The injector 67 injects high-pressure fuel stored in the pressure accumulation rail 64 into the combustion chamber 19. Although the value of an injection pressure is not specifically limited, For example, it is set to 30 MPa or more and 120 MPa or less.

  A spark plug 25 that forcibly ignites the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber 19 is attached to the cylinder head 12. In the present embodiment, the spark plug 25 is disposed through the cylinder head 12 so as to extend obliquely downward from the exhaust side of the engine body 1. As shown in FIG. 3, the tip of the spark plug 25 faces the cavity 141 of the piston 14 located at the compression top dead center.

  Each device is controlled by a power train control module (control means, hereinafter referred to as PCM) 10. The PCM 10 includes a microprocessor having a CPU, a memory, a counter timer group, an interface, and a path connecting these units.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, detection signals from various sensors SW <b> 1 to SW <b> 16 are input to the PCM 10.

The sensor SW1 is an air flow sensor SW1 that detects the flow rate of fresh air. The sensor SW2 is an intake air temperature sensor SW2 that detects the temperature of fresh air. The air flow sensor SW <b> 1 and the intake air temperature sensor SW <b> 2 are disposed on the downstream side of the air cleaner 31 in the intake passage 20. The sensor SW3 is a second intake air temperature sensor SW3 that detects the temperature of fresh air after passing through the intercooler / warmer 34, and is disposed on the downstream side of the intercooler / warmer 34. The sensor SW4 is an EGR gas temperature sensor SW4 for detecting the temperature of the external EGR gas, and is disposed in the vicinity of the connection portion with the intake passage 30 in the EGR passage 50. The sensor SW 5 is an intake port temperature sensor SW 5 that detects the temperature of intake air immediately before flowing into the cylinder 18, and is attached to the intake port 16. The sensor SW 6 is an in-cylinder pressure sensor SW 6 that detects the pressure in the cylinder 18 and is attached to the cylinder head 12. The sensor SW7 is an exhaust temperature sensor SW7 that detects the exhaust temperature. The sensor SW8 is an exhaust pressure sensor SW8 that detects the exhaust pressure. The exhaust temperature sensor SW7 and the exhaust pressure sensor SW8 are arranged in the vicinity of the connection portion of the EGR passage 50 in the exhaust passage 40. The sensor SW9 is a linear O ₂ sensor SW9 that detects the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas, and is arranged on the upstream side of the direct catalyst 41 in the exhaust passage 40. The sensor SW 10 is a lambda O ₂ sensor SW 10 that detects the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas, and is disposed between the direct catalyst 41 and the underfoot catalyst 42. The sensor SW11 is a water temperature sensor SW11 that detects the temperature of the engine cooling water. The sensor SW12 is a crank angle sensor SW12 that detects the rotation angle of the crankshaft 15. The sensor SW13 is an accelerator opening sensor SW13 that detects an accelerator opening corresponding to an operation amount of an accelerator pedal (not shown) of the vehicle. Sensors SW14 and SW15 are intake-side and exhaust-side cam angle sensors SW14 and SW15, respectively. The sensor SW 16 is a fuel pressure sensor SW 16 that detects the pressure of the fuel supplied to the injector 67, and is attached to the common rail 64.

  The PCM 10 performs various calculations based on the detection signals of the sensors SW1 to SW16. The PCM 10 determines the operating conditions of the engine body 1 and the vehicle based on these detection signals. The PCM 10 controls the injector 67, the spark plug 25, the fuel supply system 62, and the actuators of various valves (throttle valve 36, intercooler bypass valve 351, EGR valve 511, EGR cooler bypass valve 531) according to operating conditions. Output signals to control them. The PCM 10 outputs control signals to the intake VVT 72, the intake VVL 74, the exhaust VVT 75, and the exhaust VVL 71 in accordance with operating conditions, and controls these, the intake valve 21, and the exhaust valve 22.

  FIG. 5 shows a control map of the engine speed on the horizontal axis and the engine load on the vertical axis. As described above, the engine body 1 performs the compression auto-ignition combustion in which the air-fuel mixture is combusted by compression auto-ignition without ignition by the ignition plug 25. However, when compression auto-ignition combustion is performed in an operation region where the engine load is high, the temperature of the air-fuel mixture is high, so that combustion becomes steep and problems such as combustion noise occur. Therefore, in the engine system 100 according to the present embodiment, compression auto-ignition combustion is performed only in a low load region where the engine load is less than the predetermined third load T3, and ignition is performed in a high load region where the engine load is equal to or greater than the third load T3. Spark ignition combustion in which the air-fuel mixture is forcibly ignited by the plug 25 is performed. That is, in this engine system 100, the low load region is set to the CI (Compression Ignition) combustion region, and the high load region is set to the SI (Spark Ignition) combustion region. Note that the boundary lines of these combustion regions are not limited to the illustrated examples.

  The CI combustion region is further divided into three regions according to the engine load. Below, the detailed control content of each area | region is demonstrated.

(1) Second region (high load side compression auto-ignition region)
In the second region A2 set in a region where the engine load is equal to or more than the predetermined first load T1 and less than the second load T2 in the CI fuel region, the external EGR is not performed and only the internal EGR is performed. That is, in the second region A2, while the EGR valve 511 and the EGR cooler bypass valve 531 are closed, the exhaust valve 22 is brought into a special mode by the exhaust VVL 71, and the exhaust is opened twice.

  In the second region A2, as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the valve opening timing IVO of the intake valve 21 is advanced from the valve closing timing EVC of the exhaust valve 22 by the exhaust VVT 75 and the intake VVT 72. In the intake stroke, the valve opening period of the intake valve 21 and the valve opening period of the exhaust valve 22 overlap each other, or the intake valve 21 is controlled to open relatively early after the exhaust valve 22 is closed. Is done. Here, FIG. 6A is a diagram showing the valve lifts of the intake valve 21 and the exhaust valve 22 in the second region A2 under operating conditions with a relatively high engine load. FIG. 6B is a view showing the valve lifts of the intake valve 21 and the exhaust valve 22 under a condition where the engine load is lower than the operating condition in FIG. 6A and 6B, the solid line represents the valve lift of the exhaust valve 22, and the broken line represents the valve lift of the intake valve 21.

  In the second region A2, as shown in FIGS. 6 (a), 6 (b), and 7, the exhaust valve VVT75 causes the valve closing timing EVC of the exhaust valve 22 to be retarded as the engine load decreases. Is done. In the second region A2, the operating state of the small lift cam is transmitted to the intake valve 21, and the valve lift of the intake valve 21 is a relatively small lift. Further, in the second region A2, the intake valve 21 is retarded as the valve opening period is constant and the engine load is low.

  Further, in the second region A2, intake stroke injection in which injection is performed by the injector 67 during the intake stroke is performed.

  The first load T1 is set to a constant value at all engine speeds. On the other hand, the second load T2 is set to a different value according to the engine speed, and is set to a lower value as the engine speed becomes higher.

  The above-described control is performed in the second region A2 for the following reason.

  As described above, when the engine load is high, the temperature of the combustion chamber 19 and the air-fuel mixture is high, so that problems such as combustion noise occur when compression autoignition combustion is performed. Therefore, in order to avoid combustion noise and the like, the temperature in the combustion chamber 19 is preferably low. On the other hand, when the temperature in the combustion chamber 19 is too low, the temperature of the air-fuel mixture does not rise to a temperature at which self-ignition is possible, and misfires occur and stable compression self-ignition combustion cannot be realized. The problem arises.

  Therefore, the engine load is a relatively low load less than the second load T2, and the heat generation amount of the air-fuel mixture is small, and the temperature in the combustion chamber 19 and the air-fuel mixture cannot be sufficiently increased only by this heat generation amount. Then, in order to avoid misfire etc., internal EGR is performed by opening the exhaust gas twice, and high-temperature burned gas (internal EGR gas) is left in the combustion chamber 19, whereby the temperature of the combustion chamber 19 and the temperature of the mixture is increased. Is increasing.

  Here, the lower the engine load, the smaller the amount of heat generated by the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber 19 and the lower the temperature in the combustion chamber. In the double exhaust opening, when the valve closing timing EVC of the exhaust valve 22 is on the more retarded side, the period during which the exhaust valve 22 is open during the intake stroke increases and the exhaust valve 22 flows back into the combustion chamber 19. The amount of the combustion gas, that is, the internal EGR gas increases.

  Therefore, in the second region A2, as the engine load becomes lower, the valve closing timing EVC of the exhaust valve 22 is set to the retard side, and the internal EGR rate is increased as the engine load decreases as shown in FIG. Raise the inside temperature to an appropriate temperature. In the present embodiment, the internal EGR rate is continuously increased as the engine load decreases so that the internal EGR rate becomes the maximum value at the first load T1. The maximum value of the internal EGR rate is set to 50 to 80%, for example.

  Further, when the intake valve 21 is opened after the exhaust valve 22 is closed in the intake stroke, the intake valve 21 remains in the combustion chamber 19 after the exhaust valve 22 is closed until the intake valve 21 is opened. The pumping loss increases with the expansion of the burned gas.

  Therefore, in the second region, in order to avoid an increase in pumping loss, the valve opening timing of the intake valve 21 is made closer to the valve closing timing of the exhaust valve 22, and the exhaust valve 22 and the intake valve are brought closer to the low load side of the second region. The opening period of the valve 21 is overlapped during the intake stroke, or the intake valve 21 is opened relatively early after the exhaust valve 22 is closed.

  Further, if the air and the fuel are sufficiently mixed, the air-fuel mixture can be self-ignited appropriately, that is, with high exhaust performance and high thermal efficiency. In the second region, since the temperature of the air-fuel mixture is not so high, there is no possibility that the air-fuel mixture will ignite prematurely.

  Therefore, in the second region, the fuel is injected during the intake stroke and mixed with air in advance, so that the compression self-ignition is appropriately performed in the vicinity of the compression top dead center.

(2) First region (low load side compression auto-ignition region)
In the first region A1, which is set to an extremely low load region in which the engine load is less than the first load T1 in the CI fuel region, the external EGR is not performed as in the second region, and the internal EGR due to the exhaust twice opening is performed. Only the intake stroke injection is performed. On the other hand, in the first region A1, as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, the valve opening timing IVO of the intake valve 21 is retarded from the valve closing timing EVC of the exhaust valve 22 by the exhaust VVT 75 and the intake VVT 72. So that the valve opening period of the intake valve 21 and the valve opening period of the exhaust valve 22 do not overlap in the intake stroke, that is, both the intake valve 21 and the exhaust valve 22 are closed in the intake stroke. The negative overlap (NVO) period is controlled. FIG. 9A is a view showing the valve lifts of the intake valve 21 and the exhaust valve 22 in the first region A1 under operating conditions where the engine load is relatively high. FIG. 9B is a diagram showing valve lifts of the intake valve 21 and the exhaust valve 22 under a condition where the engine load is lower than the operation condition of FIG. 9A. 9A and 9B, the solid line represents the valve lift of the exhaust valve 22, and the broken line represents the valve lift of the intake valve 21.

  In the first region A1, as shown in FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 7, the exhaust VVT 75 causes the exhaust gas so that the negative overlap period in the intake stroke increases as the engine load decreases. The valve closing timing EVC of the valve 22 is controlled to the advance side as the engine load decreases. Also in the first region A1, the operating state of the small lift cam is transmitted to the intake valve 21, and the valve lift of the intake valve 21 is a relatively small lift. Also in the first region A1, the intake valve 21 is retarded at a constant valve opening period as the engine load is lower.

  Also in the first region A1, intake stroke injection in which injection is performed by the injector 67 during the intake stroke is performed.

  The above-described control is performed in the first area A1 for the following reason.

  Similarly to the second region A2, the first region A1 has a small amount of heat generated by the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber 19, and the temperature in the combustion chamber 19 cannot be sufficiently increased only by this amount of heat generation. Therefore, also in the first region A1, in order to avoid misfires, etc., the internal EGR is performed as described above to leave the high-temperature burned gas in the combustion chamber 19, thereby increasing the temperature in the combustion chamber 19. ing.

  However, in the first region A1, which is an extremely low load region in which the engine load is lower than that in the second region A2, the temperature of the generated burned gas, that is, the internal EGR gas is low because the heat generation amount of the air-fuel mixture is small. Therefore, in 1st area | region A1, the temperature in the combustion chamber 19 cannot fully be raised only by implementation of internal EGR.

  Here, if the pumping loss is increased, the amount of fuel injected into the combustion chamber 19 can be increased by the increased pumping loss. As the fuel amount increases, the calorific value of the mixture and the temperature of the mixture can be increased.

  Therefore, in the first region A1, unlike the second region A2, in order to increase the temperature of the air-fuel mixture, the intake valve 21 is opened after the exhaust valve 22 is closed in the intake stroke, and the negative overlap period is increased in the intake stroke. Control is performed to increase the pumping loss, and the fuel amount is increased by the increased pumping loss.

  Specifically, as described above, when the intake valve 21 is opened after the exhaust valve 22 is closed in the intake stroke and the negative overlap period is provided in the intake stroke, the combustion chamber is set during the negative overlap period. The burned gas remaining in 19 must be expanded, and the pumping loss increases. That is, as shown in the schematic PV diagram of FIG. 10, when a negative overlap period is provided in the intake stroke, the pumping loss is increased by the hatched area compared to the case where this period is not provided. To do. If the pumping loss increases, the fuel amount can be increased with respect to the engine load, that is, the required engine output. If the amount of fuel increases, the fuel ratio in the mixture increases to improve the ignitability of the mixture, and the amount of heat generated increases, and combustion occurs directly and through high temperatures of the internal EGR gas. The temperature in the chamber 19 can be increased to improve the ignitability of the air-fuel mixture.

  Therefore, in the first region A1, a negative overlap period is generated in the intake stroke to increase the ignitability of the air-fuel mixture and realize stable compression self-ignition combustion, and the fuel injection amount is increased accordingly ( The fuel injection amount is increased as compared with the case where no negative overlap period is provided).

  In addition, if the negative overlap period is increased as the engine load decreases, the amount of increase in the fuel amount is appropriately increased in accordance with the decrease in the engine load, that is, the temperature of the combustion chamber 19 to ensure the ignitability of the air-fuel mixture. can do. Therefore, in the first region A1, the negative overlap period is increased by advancing the valve closing timing of the exhaust valve 22 as the engine load decreases, and thereby stable compression auto-ignition combustion throughout the first region A1. To realize.

  FIG. 11 shows the relationship between the engine load and the fuel amount. As shown in FIG. 11, in the full load region, the fuel amount decreases as the engine load decreases. In the first region A1, which is equal to or lower than the first load T1, the reduction rate of the fuel injection amount with respect to the change in the engine load is A small amount of fuel is injected relative to the engine load. The solid line in FIG. 11 indicates the amount of fuel that is actually injected, and the wavy line in FIG. 9 indicates that the relationship between the engine load and the fuel amount in the region above the first load T1 is in a region below the first load T1. The relationship between the engine load and the fuel amount when applied is shown.

  Further, as described above, if the valve closing timing of the exhaust valve 22 is advanced as the engine load decreases while the exhaust is opened twice, the exhaust valve 22 is opened during the intake stroke. The period becomes shorter as the engine load decreases, and the burned gas flowing back from the exhaust port 17 side to the combustion chamber 19, that is, the internal EGR amount and the internal EGR rate decrease. That is, as shown in FIG. 8 and as described above, in the second region A2, the internal EGR rate increases as the engine load decreases, but the engine load exceeds the first load T1 and the engine load increases. As the engine load decreases, the internal EGR rate decreases as the engine load decreases. That is, the internal EGR rate becomes the maximum value at the first load T1, and becomes lower as the engine load increases and decreases from the first load T1. By reducing the internal EGR rate in this way, it is possible to secure a large amount of fresh air on the lower load side in the first region A1. In the first region A1, the ignitability of the air-fuel mixture can be increased by increasing the amount of fresh air.

  The reason why injection is performed during the intake stroke in the first region A1 is the same reason as when injection is performed during the intake stroke in the second region A2.

(3) Third region A3 (high load side compression auto-ignition region)
In the third region A3 set in a relatively high engine load region in which the engine load is equal to or higher than the second load T2 in the CI fuel region, external EGR is performed in addition to internal EGR due to double exhaust opening. In the third region A <b> 3, exhaust gas cooled by passing through the EGR cooler 52, that is, cooled EGR gas is introduced into the combustion chamber 19. That is, in the third region A3, the EGR cooler bypass valve 531 is closed and the EGR valve 511 is opened. In the third region A3, the closing timing EVC of the exhaust valve 22 is retarded as the engine load decreases. In the third region A3, as in the second region A2, the operating state of the small lift cam is transmitted to the intake valve 21, and the intake valve 21 is retarded as the engine load is lower and the valve opening period is constant. Is done. In the third region A3, the intake valve 21 is opened after the exhaust valve 22 is closed by the exhaust VVT 75 and the intake VVT 72 in the intake stroke. On the other hand, in the third region A3, unlike the first region A1 and the second region A2, high pressure retarded injection is performed in which the injector 67 performs injection into the combustion chamber 19 during the period from the late stage of the compression stroke to the early stage of the expansion stroke. .

  The above-described control is performed in the third region A3 for the following reason.

  As described above, when the engine load is high, since the temperature in the combustion chamber 19 is high, problems such as combustion noise occur when compression auto-ignition combustion is performed. Therefore, in order to avoid combustion noise and the like, the temperature in the combustion chamber 19 is preferably low.

  Therefore, in the third region A3 where the engine load is a relatively high load equal to or higher than the second load T2 and the temperature in the combustion chamber 19 tends to be high, as described above, in order to avoid problems such as combustion noise, Cooled EGR gas is introduced into the combustion chamber 19 in addition to the internal EGR gas, whereby the temperature in the combustion chamber 19 is suppressed to an appropriate temperature.

  Moreover, the temperature in the combustion chamber 19 tends to increase as the engine load increases. Therefore, in the third region A3, the valve closing timing EVC of the exhaust valve 22 is retarded as the engine load decreases, that is, the valve closing timing EVC of the exhaust valve 22 advances as the engine load increases. The temperature inside the combustion chamber 19 is suppressed to an appropriate temperature according to the engine load. As shown in FIG. 7, the closing timing EVC of the exhaust valve 22 in the third region A2 is on the more advanced side than the closing timing EVC of the exhaust valve 22 in the second region A2, and the second region A2 In the region combined with the third region A3, the valve closing timing EVC of the exhaust valve 22 is set to the advance side as the engine load increases. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 8, the internal EGR rate decreases as the engine load increases in the region where the second region A2 and the third region A3 are combined. In the present embodiment, in the third region A3, the external EGR has a ratio of the total EGR gas in the mixture of the external EGR and the internal EGR, that is, the EGR rate, which is the sum of the second region A2 and the third region A3. In such a region, it is set to decrease as the engine load increases.

  Further, when the temperature in the combustion chamber 19 is high, if fuel is injected during the intake stroke, there is a risk of premature ignition.

  Therefore, in the third region A3, in order to avoid premature ignition, the temperature in the combustion chamber 19 is appropriately controlled by EGR as described above, and unlike the first region A1 and the second region A2, the latter half of the compression stroke is performed. The fuel is injected during a period from the start of the expansion stroke to the initial stage of the expansion stroke to realize combustion during the expansion stroke period, and the fuel is injected at a relatively high pressure in order to form a homogeneous air-fuel mixture in a relatively short time.

(4) SI Combustion Area Although the specific control content in the SI combustion area is not particularly limited, in the engine system 100, in the SI combustion area, avoidance of abnormal combustion such as premature ignition and knocking, NOx generation For the purpose of suppression and reduction of cooling loss, high-pressure retarded injection is performed, the internal EGR is stopped, and external EGR for introducing cooled EGR gas into the combustion chamber 19 is performed. In the SI combustion region, the throttle valve 36 is fully opened to reduce the pump loss, and the amount of fresh air introduced into the cylinder 18 is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the EGR valve 511. As shown in FIG. 9, the external EGR rate is set so as to decrease as the engine load increases in the SI combustion region, and the external EGR rate becomes 0 at the maximum load and the external EGR is stopped. Further, the external EGR rate is set so that the total EGR rate including the internal EGR and the external EGR is constant in the decrease rate of the EGR rate with respect to the increase in the engine load over the third region A3 and the SI combustion region. . In the SI combustion region, the intake valve 21 is made a large lift by the intake VVL 54 and is retarded as the engine load increases.

  As described above, in the engine system 100, in the entire CI region where the compression ignition combustion is performed, in the second region A2 and the third region A3 where the engine load is relatively high, the internal EGR rate decreases as the engine load decreases. On the other hand, in the first region A1, which is an extremely low load region, after the exhaust valve 22 is closed in the intake stroke, the intake valve 21 is opened, and the intake valve 21 and the exhaust valve 22 are either in the intake stroke. Is controlled so as to generate a negative overlap period in which the valve is closed, and as the engine load is lower, the exhaust valve closing timing is set to the advance side, so that the negative overlap amount increases. The internal EGR rate is controlled to increase.

  With this control, in the present engine system 100, in the second region A2 and the third region A3, the lower the engine load, the more the temperature rise of the air-fuel mixture due to the internal EGR, and the more stable these regions A2, A3. In addition, in the first region A1, the pumping loss associated with the expansion of the burned gas is increased, thereby increasing the amount of fuel and increasing the temperature in the cylinder. And stable compression auto-ignition combustion can be realized. This realizes stable compression auto-ignition combustion as the entire engine system and more reliably improves fuel efficiency. In addition, when SI combustion is performed only in the extremely low load region, or when the extremely low load region is omitted, that is, when the engine load is set from the second load region, the acceleration is performed from the no load state or the no load state. Although there is a possibility that torque shock may occur due to a change in combustion mode or a sudden change in load during deceleration of the engine, in the engine system 100, stable self-ignition combustion is performed even in an extremely low load region as described above. Since this can be realized, it is possible to avoid a torque shock and obtain good running performance.

  Here, in the second region A2, ozone may be supplied during intake to further improve the ignitability of the air-fuel mixture. In this way, in addition to an increase in pumping loss and an increase in the amount of fresh air, by supplying ozone, the ignitability of the air-fuel mixture can be more reliably increased, and more stable compression ignition combustion can be realized.

  Note that ozone may be supplied in a constant amount or a constant concentration throughout the second region A2, but for example, as shown in FIG. 12, the ozone in the air-fuel mixture decreases as the engine load decreases in the second region A2. If the ozone concentration is increased, it is possible to appropriately ensure the ignitability of the air-fuel mixture at each load while keeping the electric power for supplying ozone small. In addition, as a specific value of the ozone concentration, for example, the maximum concentration may be set to about 20 to 30 ppm.

  As a specific apparatus for supplying ozone, for example, as shown in the broken line in FIG. 1 and FIG. 13, oxygen contained in fresh air that is interposed in the intake passage 30 and passes through the intake passage 30 is used as a weight-reducing gas. An ozone generator (ozone introducing means) 76 that generates ozone may be used. The ozone generator 76 includes a plurality of electrodes arranged in parallel at predetermined intervals in the vertical and horizontal directions on the cross section of the intake pipe 30. When a high-frequency AC high voltage is applied to these electrodes from a power source not shown, silent discharge occurs in the discharge gap, and oxygen passing through this gap is ozonized. The amount of ozone generated by the ozone generator 76 can be changed by changing the manner in which the voltage is applied to the electrodes and / or changing the number of electrodes to which the voltage is applied. The concentration can be adjusted.

  In this way, the device that generates ozone from oxygen in the intake air has a relatively simple configuration, such as no need to separately provide an air intake port, compared to a device that generates ozone from air different from the intake air, Ozone can be generated in the intake air. Further, as described above, in the second region A2, the EGR rate is suppressed to be small, and a large amount of fresh air is introduced into the combustion chamber. Accordingly, if ozone that generates oxygen from oxygen contained in fresh air in intake air is used, more ozone can be introduced into the combustion chamber in accordance with the increase in fresh air with a simple configuration in the second region A2. it can. In other words, in the engine system 100 having a device that generates ozone from oxygen contained in fresh air in the intake air, the valve opening period during the intake stroke of the exhaust valve 22 in the second region A2 is reduced as the engine load decreases. If the angle is advanced, more ozone can be supplied to the combustion chamber as the engine load decreases, and more stable and stable compression auto-ignition combustion can be realized throughout the second region A2.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to embodiment mentioned above. For example, when fuel is injected during the intake stroke, the fuel may be injected into the intake port 16 by a port injector provided separately in the intake port 16 instead of the injector 67 provided in the cylinder 18.

  Further, as a special mode of the exhaust valve 22, a configuration in which the exhaust valve 22 is closed once near the intake compression top dead center and the exhaust valve 22 is opened immediately after that may be applied.

  Further, regarding the valve train of the engine 1, instead of the VVL 74 of the intake valve 21, a CVVL (Continuously Variable Valve Lift) capable of continuously changing the lift amount may be provided.

  Further, the high-pressure retarded injection may be divided injection as necessary, and similarly, the intake stroke injection may also be divided injection as necessary. In these divided injections, fuel may be injected in each of the intake stroke and the compression stroke.

1 Engine (Engine body)
10 PCM (control means)
18 cylinder 21 intake valve 22 exhaust valve 76 ozone generator (ozone introduction means)

Claims (3)

A cylinder in which a combustion chamber in which an air-fuel mixture containing at least fuel and air burns is formed; an intake port for introducing intake air into the cylinder; an exhaust port for exhausting exhaust gas from the cylinder; and the intake port An engine body having an intake valve capable of opening and closing, and an exhaust valve capable of opening and closing the exhaust port;
Controls the combustion mode of the air-fuel mixture, the internal EGR rate, which is the ratio of the burned gas remaining in the combustion chamber, and the open state of the exhaust valve and the open state of the intake valve Control means for
The control means includes
At least in the low load region where the engine load is lower than the predetermined load, the combustion mode is compression self-ignition combustion,
In the compression auto-ignition region where the engine load is higher than a specific load in the compression auto-ignition region where the compression auto-ignition combustion is performed, the exhaust valve is opened in the exhaust stroke and the intake stroke to open the combustion chamber. The internal EGR rate is made higher as the engine load is lower , by causing the burned gas to remain at the same time and setting the closing timing of the exhaust valve to the retard side as the engine load is lower.
In the low load side compression ignition region where the engine load is less than a specific load, the exhaust valve is opened during the exhaust stroke and the intake stroke, and both the exhaust valve and the intake valve are closed during the intake stroke. The intake valve is opened after the exhaust valve is closed during the intake stroke so that a negative overlap period is generated, and the closing timing of the exhaust valve is advanced as the engine load is lower. A control device for a compression ignition type engine. The control apparatus for a compression ignition engine according to claim 1 ,
Further comprising ozone introducing means capable of introducing ozone into the cylinder;
The control device of the compression ignition type engine, wherein the control means introduces ozone into the cylinder by the ozone introduction means in the low load side compression self-ignition region. The control apparatus for a compression ignition engine according to claim 2 ,
The control device for a compression ignition engine, wherein the ozone introducing means generates ozone from oxygen in the air sucked into the cylinder.

Images