JP6192092B2 - 品質評価装置 - Google Patents
品質評価装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6192092B2 JP6192092B2 JP2013060846A JP2013060846A JP6192092B2 JP 6192092 B2 JP6192092 B2 JP 6192092B2 JP 2013060846 A JP2013060846 A JP 2013060846A JP 2013060846 A JP2013060846 A JP 2013060846A JP 6192092 B2 JP6192092 B2 JP 6192092B2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/02—Food
- G01N33/12—Meat; Fish
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/001—Enzyme electrodes
- C12Q1/005—Enzyme electrodes involving specific analytes or enzymes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/327—Biochemical electrodes, e.g. electrical or mechanical details for in vitro measurements
- G01N27/3271—Amperometric enzyme electrodes for analytes in body fluids, e.g. glucose in blood
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- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
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- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
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Description
(鮮度に関する値)=(測定対象物8のATP濃度)/(測定対象物8の死直後のATP濃度)×100 ・・・(1)
である。ここで、測定対象物8の最大のATP濃度とは、測定対象物8ごと、すなわち魚の種類ごと、あるいは同じ魚であってもその部位や産地ごとに設定される値である。一般的に、魚肉、魚介類、食肉、畜肉など、本発明の品質計測装置の測定対象物8においては、ATPの濃度は死直後に最大値となるのでその最大値となる値を予め実験的にあるいは統計的に得ておけばよい。この値は予め計測装置16内の図示しない記憶装置(メモリなど)に記憶されていてもよいし、計測装置16を用いた計測が行われるごとに操作者によって入力されてもよい。
(品質に関する値)=(測定対象物8のIMP濃度)/(測定対象物8の最大のATP濃度)×100 ・・・(2)
である。ここで、測定対象物8の最大のATP濃度とは、前述の鮮度に関する値について説明したのと同様であり、予め実験的にあるいは統計的に得られる値である。
(品質に関する値)=(測定対象物8のIMP濃度)/(測定対象物8のIMP濃度の基準値)×100 ・・・(3)
である。ここで、測定対象物8のIMP濃度の基準値とは、測定対象物8の種類ごとに予め設定される値であり、たとえばIMP濃度の最大値が用いられる。
(鮮度に関する値)=(測定対象物8のATP濃度)/(測定対象物8のATP、IMP、HxR、Hxの濃度の合計)×100 ・・・(1’)
とすることもできる。同様に、前述の実施例においては品質に関する値は(2)式により定義されるものであったがこれに限られない。例えば、測定対象物8について得られたIMP濃度の、その測定対象物8の全核酸関連物質の合計の濃度に対する比を百分率で表したものを鮮度に関する値として算出することもできる。すなわち、
(品質に関する値)=(測定対象物8のIMP濃度)/(測定対象物8のATP、IMP、HxR、Hxの濃度の合計)×100 ・・・(2’)
とすることもできる。なお全核酸関連物質とは、例えば測定対象物8が魚肉類である場合において、それに含まれる各核酸関連物質であるATP(アデノシン三リン酸)、ADP(アデノシン二リン酸)、AMP(アデノシン一リン酸)、IMP(イノシン酸)、HxR(イノシン)、およびHx(ヒポキサンチン)を指すが、分解に伴って急速に減少する物質であるADPやAMPは、その濃度を0とみなすこともできる。
(K値)=(測定対象物8のHxRおよびHxの濃度の合計)/(測定対象物8のATP、ADP、AMP,IMP、HxR,及び、Hxの濃度の合計)×100 ・・・(3)
これにより、従来から広く用いられているK値により計測対象物8を評価することが可能となる。また、上記K値に代えて、下記(4)式で表されるような近似的なK値がK値として算出されてもよい。
(近似擬似的なK値)=(測定対象物8のHxRおよびHxの濃度の合計)/(測定対象物8のATP、IMP、HxR、Hxの濃度の合計)×100 ・・・(4)
これは、測定対象物8においてADP、AMPの濃度は時間の経過において大きな割合を占めないものであるため、(4)式のように算出した値であってもK値に準じて測定対象物を評価することが可能であるためである。さらに、上記K値あるいは近似的なK値に代えて、次式(5)で表されるKi値が算出されてもよい。
(Ki値)=(測定対象物8のHxRおよびHxの濃度の合計)/(測定対象物8のIMP、HxR、Hxの濃度の合計)×100 ・・・(5)
このKi値は、測定対象物8中のATP、ADP、AMPがほぼ分解し終えた状態においては、K値に代わる有効な指標の一つとして用いられ得る。
このようにすれば、本発明の品質評価装置によって従来から用いられているK値あるいはそれに準じる近似的なK値、もしくはKi値を簡便に得ることができる。
10:品質計測装置
12:抽出容器
14:電気化学センサ
16:計測装置
22:押し子
24:濾過部材
26:破砕部
28:破砕粒
32:作用極
34:対極
36:参照極
38:酵素固定部
Claims (8)
- 魚類、魚介類、食肉、畜肉及びこれらを用いた加工品を含んでなる測定対象物に含まれ、鮮度および品質の指標となる核酸関連物質を抽出する抽出容器と、
作用極、対極及び参照極の3種類の電極のうち少なくとも作用極および対極を有し、該作用極表面には前記核酸関連物質と反応する酵素を固定化させた酵素固定部を含み、前記抽出容器により抽出された前記核酸関連物質がもたらされるとともに前記作用極および対極間に電圧が印加される電気化学センサと、
前記電気化学センサの出力に基づいて前記核酸関連物質の濃度を計測し、前記鮮度及び品質に関する値を算出する計測装置と、
を有し、
前記電気化学センサは複数の作用極と該複数の作用極に共通して用いられる一の対極とを有し、該複数の作用極のそれぞれに対応する酵素固定部にはそれぞれ異なる酵素が固定化されており、
該酵素固定部のそれぞれに固定された酵素は、いずれも、前記核酸関連物質を分解し、過酸化水素を生成するものであり、
該複数の作用極のそれぞれは、前記対極との距離が等しくなる様に同一平面内に設けられ、
前記計測装置は、前記電気化学センサによって計測される複数種類の核酸関連物質の濃度に基づいて前記鮮度及び品質に関する値を算出すること
を特徴とする品質計測装置。
- 前記抽出容器は、前記測定対象物を破砕するための破砕部と、該測定対象物を該破砕部に押し付けるための押し子と、該破砕部によって破砕された測定対象物から抽出された液体を濾過する濾過部材と、を含み、
該破砕部は、複数の粒状の破砕粒から構成されること、
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の品質計測装置。 - 前記濾過部材は、前記測定対象物から抽出された液体から、油脂成分を選択的に吸収するものであること、
を特徴とする請求項2に記載の品質計測装置。 - 前記核酸関連物質は、ATP(アデノシン三リン酸)、ADP(アデノシン二リン酸)、AMP(アデノシン一リン酸)、IMP(イノシン酸)、HxR(イノシン)、およびHx(ヒポキサンチン)であること
を特徴とする請求項2または3に記載の品質計測装置。 - 前記測定対象物から抽出された液体中の前記核酸関連物質の濃度に基づいて、該測定対象物の鮮度に関する指標を算出すること
を特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1に記載の品質計測装置。 - 前記測定対象物から抽出された液体中の前記核酸関連物質の濃度に基づいて、該測定対象物の品質に関する指標を算出すること
を特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1に記載の品質計測装置。 - 前記測定対象物から抽出された液体中の前記核酸関連物質の濃度に基づいて、該測定対象物のK値あるいはKi値を算出すること
を特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1に記載の品質計測装置。 - 魚類、魚介類、食肉、畜肉及びこれらを用いた加工品を含んでなる測定対象物に含まれ、鮮度および品質の指標となる核酸関連物質を抽出する抽出容器と、
作用極、対極及び参照極の3種類の電極のうち少なくとも作用極および対極を有し、該作用極表面には前記核酸関連物質と反応する酵素を固定化させた酵素固定部を含み、前記抽出容器により抽出された前記核酸関連物質がもたらされるとともに前記作用極および対極間に電圧が印加される電気化学センサと、
前記電気化学センサの出力に基づいて前記核酸関連物質の濃度を計測し、前記鮮度及び品質に関する値を算出する計測装置と、
を有し、
前記抽出容器は、前記測定対象物を破砕するための破砕部と、該測定対象物を該破砕部に押し付けるための押し子と、該破砕部によって破砕された測定対象物から抽出された液体を濾過する濾過部材と、を含み、
該破砕部は、複数の粒状の破砕粒から構成されること、
を特徴とする品質計測装置。
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