JP6088749B2 - リチウム二次電池用負極活物質、この製造方法、およびこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用負極活物質、この製造方法、およびこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6088749B2 JP6088749B2 JP2012119280A JP2012119280A JP6088749B2 JP 6088749 B2 JP6088749 B2 JP 6088749B2 JP 2012119280 A JP2012119280 A JP 2012119280A JP 2012119280 A JP2012119280 A JP 2012119280A JP 6088749 B2 JP6088749 B2 JP 6088749B2
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- negative electrode
- active material
- electrode active
- lithium secondary
- secondary battery
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- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 82
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 55
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 55
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 41
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- -1 hydroxypropyl Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- 239000002180 crystalline carbon material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-valerolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCO1 OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000005466 carboxylated polyvinylchloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000973 polyvinylchloride carboxylated Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl acetate Chemical compound CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010093 LiAlO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013188 LiBOB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013417 LiN(SO3C2F5)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005993 acrylate styrene-butadiene rubber polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005994 diacetyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZFTFAPZRGNKQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicarbonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)OC(O)=O ZFTFAPZRGNKQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021469 graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium dihydrogen borate oxalic acid Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+] DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl carbonate Chemical compound COC([O-])=O CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007557 optical granulometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- GHZRKQCHJFHJPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxacycloundecan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCCCCO1 GHZRKQCHJFHJPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Description
「実施例1」
平均粒径(D50)が9.8μmの低結晶性のソフトカーボンを負極活物質として用いた。このとき、上記低結晶性のソフトカーボンは、ソフトカーボン(GS Caltex社)を950℃で焼成させて得られた。
平均粒径(D50)が10μmの黒鉛を負極活物質として用いた。
平均粒径(D50)が10μmのソフトカーボン(日立社)を負極活物質として用いた。
図2Aおよび図2Bはそれぞれ、実施例1と比較例2に係る負極活物質のSEM(走査型電子顕微鏡)写真を示す。
図3は、実施例1と比較例1および2による負極活物質のXRD(X線回折)パターンを示すグラフである。また、図3のXRDパターンに示されたピークの面積を計算し、下記表1にその値を示す。
図4は、実施例1に係る負極活物質のEDS(エネルギー分散分光分析)分析グラフである。
実施例1と比較例1および2の負極活物質の結晶構造を次のような方法によって分析し、その結果を下記表2に示した。
実施例1と比較例1および2の負極活物質の比表面積を分散分析器(Lumisizer)を利用して測定した結果、実施例1の場合には3m2/g、比較例1の場合には2m2/g、そして比較例2の場合には2m2/gの値が得られた。
実施例1と比較例1および2の負極活物質のタップ密度をタップ密度測定装置(TDA−2)を利用して測定した結果、実施例1の場合には0.939g/cm3、比較例1の場合には1.08g/cm3、そして比較例2の場合には1.09g/cm3の値が得られた。
上記実施例1と比較例1および2でそれぞれ製造された負極活物質85重量%、ポリビニリデンフルオライド(PVDF)10重量%、およびアセチレンブラック5重量%を混合した後、N−メチル−2−ピロリドンに分散させて負極活物質層組成物を製造した。次に、銅箔上に上記負極活物質層組成物を塗布した後、乾燥および圧延して負極を製造した。このとき、実施例1の負極の厚さは60μmであり、比較例1の負極の厚さは53μmであり、比較例2の負極の厚さは65μmであった。
実施例1と比較例1および2の負極活物質から製造されたそれぞれの負極に対して面積あたりの重量を電子秤で測定して合材密度を分析した結果、実施例1の場合には5.05mg/cm2、比較例1の場合には5.12mg/cm2、そして比較例2の場合には5.52mg/cm2の値が得られた。
実施例1と比較例1および2の負極活物質から製造されたそれぞれの負極に対して電気伝導度を分析した結果、実施例1の場合には2.504S/m、比較例1の場合には0.683S/m、そして比較例2の場合には2.093S/mの値が得られた。
実施例1と比較例1および2の負極活物質から製造されたそれぞれの負極に対して結着力を分析した結果、実施例1の場合には4.05gf/mm、比較例1の場合には3.24gf/mm、そして比較例2の場合には3.24gf/mmの値が得られた。
実施例1と比較例1および2の負極活物質から製造されたそれぞれのリチウム二次電池に対して下記表3の条件で充放電した。容量の結果を下記表4に示す。
実施例1と比較例1および2の負極活物質から製造されたそれぞれのリチウム二次電池に対して次のような条件で充放電した。高率寿命特性の結果を下記表5に示す。
実施例1と比較例1および2の負極活物質から製造されたそれぞれのリチウム二次電池に対して次のような条件で充放電した。高率寿命特性の結果を図5に示す。
30C充電モード:30C充電電流で30sec充電
30C放電モード:30C放電電流で30sec放電
4:電極組立体
5:正極
6:負極
7:セパレータ
8:電池ケース
11:キャッププレート
Claims (12)
- CuKα線を利用したXRDパターンにおいて、20°〜30°の2θ値での半値幅が2.5°〜6.0°であり、20°〜30°の2θ値に対する50°〜53°の2θ値のピーク面積比が1.0〜100.0である低結晶性のソフトカーボンを負極活物質として用いる、リチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記低結晶性のソフトカーボンは、CuKα線を利用したXRDパターンにおいて、バックグラウンド高さ(A)に対するピーク高さ(B)の比率(RAB)が2.0〜4.0である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記低結晶性のソフトカーボンに含まれている炭素の層間距離d(002)は、3.370〜3.434Åである、請求項1または2に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記低結晶性のソフトカーボンは、CuKα線を利用したXRDパターンにおいて、20°〜30°の2θ値での半値幅が3.5°〜5.5°である、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記低結晶性のソフトカーボンは、CuKα線を利用したXRDパターンにおいて、20°〜30°の2θ値に対する42°〜45°の2θ値のピーク面積比が1.0〜100.0である、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記低結晶性のソフトカーボンは、CuKα線を利用したXRDパターンにおいて、42°〜45°の2θ値に対する50°〜53°の2θ値のピーク面積比が0.1〜50.0である、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記低結晶性のソフトカーボンの比表面積は2.5〜20m2/gである、請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記低結晶性のソフトカーボンに含まれている炭素は、Lc10〜35Åの格子定数を有する、請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記低結晶性のソフトカーボンのタップ密度は、0.30〜1.00g/cm3である、請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記低結晶性のソフトカーボンの真密度は、1.00〜3.00g/cm3である、請求項1から9のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- ソフトカーボンを準備する段階、前記ソフトカーボンを900〜1500℃の温度で焼成して低結晶性のソフトカーボンを得る段階、を含み、前記低結晶性のソフトカーボンは、CuKα線を利用したXRDパターンにおいて、20°〜30°の2θ値での半値幅が2.5°〜6.0°であり、20°〜30°の2θ値に対する50°〜53°の2θ値のピーク面積比が1.0〜100.0であり、前記低結晶性のソフトカーボンを負極活物質として用いる、リチウム二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 正極、負極活物質を含む負極、セパレータ、および電解液を含み、前記負極活物質が請求項1から10のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質である、リチウム二次電池。
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KR20140125971A (ko) | 2013-04-19 | 2014-10-30 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 멀티 전지 팩을 구비한 자동차 전지 시스템 및 자동차 전지 시스템의 동작 방법 |
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JP6287078B2 (ja) * | 2013-11-05 | 2018-03-07 | 戸田工業株式会社 | ケイ素含有非晶質炭素材料及びリチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法 |
JP2016152077A (ja) * | 2015-02-16 | 2016-08-22 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用負極活物質及び非水電解質二次電池、並びに非水電解質二次電池用負極材の製造方法 |
KR102484406B1 (ko) | 2016-11-01 | 2023-01-02 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
KR102417267B1 (ko) | 2016-11-02 | 2022-07-04 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지 |
KR102085169B1 (ko) | 2016-12-15 | 2020-03-04 | (주)신테카바이오 | 개인 유전체 맵 기반 맞춤의학 분석 시스템 및 이를 이용한 분석 방법 |
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