JP6087816B2 - シグナルバイオマーカー - Google Patents
シグナルバイオマーカー Download PDFInfo
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- JP6087816B2 JP6087816B2 JP2013520823A JP2013520823A JP6087816B2 JP 6087816 B2 JP6087816 B2 JP 6087816B2 JP 2013520823 A JP2013520823 A JP 2013520823A JP 2013520823 A JP2013520823 A JP 2013520823A JP 6087816 B2 JP6087816 B2 JP 6087816B2
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Description
ヒトEPOsp断片は、例えば、EPOsp(1〜9)及びEPOsp(18〜27)を含み、次のように書くことができる。
MGVHECPAW(配列番号2)
SLPLGLPVLG(配列番号3)
ヒトCNPspは、配列MHLSQ LLACA LLLTL LSLRP SEA(配列番号4)を有する。
ヒトCNPsp断片は、例えば、CNPsp(1〜13)及びCNPsp(14〜23)を含み、次のように書くことができる。
MHLSQLLACALLL(配列番号5)
TLLSLRPSEA(配列番号6)
(a)1つ若しくは複数の標的断片を含有する、又は1つ若しくは複数の標的断片を含有することが疑われる生物学的試料を、インキュベーションステップ有り又はなしで、結合剤又は薬剤と結び付けるステップと、
(b)結合標的シグナルペプチド(複数可)又は断片(複数可)のレベルを測定するステップと
を含んでもよい。
(a)試料由来の、配列番号1〜6に対応する1つ又は複数の1つ又は複数のペプチド又はペプチド断片(又はその非ヒト類似体若しくはバリアント)と結合させるステップと、
(b)配列番号1〜6に対応する1つ又は複数の結合されたペプチド又はペプチド断片(又はその非ヒト類似体若しくはバリアント)のレベルを測定するステップと
を含む、配列番号1〜6に対応する1つ又は複数のペプチド又はペプチド断片(又はその非ヒト類似体若しくはバリアント)若しくは他のEPOsp及び/又はCNPspの断片に関する、本明細書に記載された使用のためのアッセイを含むアッセイも提供する。
本発明はこれより、添付図面の図を参照して記載される。
急性冠症候群は、提示ECG上でST上昇を有する急性心筋梗塞(AMI)、不安定狭心症、及び急性非ST上昇心筋梗塞;心臓虚血;急性心臓傷害;急性薬物毒性に起因する急性心臓損傷;並びに急性心筋症を含む、幅広いスペクトルの心臓虚血事象を包含する。これらの障害の完全な記述的定義は参考文献1に見出される。例えば、図5参照のこと。
[詳細な説明]
(a)対象由来の生物学的試料中の1つ又は複数のEPOsp及び/又はCNPsp断片のレベルを測定するステップと、
(b)1つ又は複数のEPOsp及び/又はCNPsp断片のレベルを、対照からの1つ又は複数のEPOsp及び/又はCNPsp断片のレベルと比較するステップと
を含み、
対照レベルからの測定レベルにおける偏差が生物学的事象を示す方法を提供する。
核酸アッセイ
ペプチドアッセイ
(a)生物学的試料由来の1つ又は複数のEPOsp及び/若しくはCNPspEPOsp及び/若しくはCNPsp、又はその断片と結合させるステップと、
(b)結合されたEPOsp及び/若しくはCNPspEPOsp及び/若しくはCNPsp、又はその断片、ペプチド若しくは断片のレベルを測定するステップと
を含む、1つ又は複数のEPOsp及び/若しくはCNPspEPOsp及び/若しくはCNPsp、又はその断片に関するアッセイを提供する。
本出願人らは、様々なシグナルペプチド断片の濃度が、急性心臓障害と相関していることを示した(図6)。さらに、EPOsp及び/若しくはCNPsp、又はその断片(複数可)のレベルは、疑われる急性心筋梗塞(AMI)又は心臓まひを示す患者の場合、臨床的提示時に最も高い。急性心臓症候群又は障害、及び特に(心臓の筋肉すなわち心筋に瘢痕を残す心臓まひ)により引き起こされる急性心臓虚血冠状動脈疾患を示す患者は、この後の心筋梗塞(MI)を経験する又は経験しない可能性がある。MIを経験しない群は、現在の臨床技法及びマーカーを用いて容易に診断することができない。本出願人らは、例えばMIに関連する心筋損傷の有用な早期及び特異的マーカーを提供した。これは、有害事象による心筋損傷の早期診断を可能にし、医師が、狭心症を含む他の急性冠症候群、及び胸痛の他の原因(例えば、胃腸疾患、肺/胸膜障害等)とこのような症例を区別するのを可能にするであろう。これは、ミオグロビン、CK−MB、TnT及びTnIなどの現在の心臓バイオマーカーのレベルの上昇を待ちながら現在経験されるウィンドウを大幅に短縮する。より正確な診断及び治療も、より早期に達成することができ、罹患率及び死亡率を低下させ、より良好な予後転帰をもたらすことができる。
本発明の方法はまた、特に循環から採取された生物学的試料(又はこのような試料に由来する生物学的試料)において、EPOsp及び/若しくはCNPsp、又はその断片(複数可)の分析により対象における心臓疾患を診断又は予測することにも有用であり得る。
アスリートが成績を違法に高めるために選択できる薬剤のスペクトルに適用されるとき、タンパク質及びペプチドは魅力的な選択肢を提供する。1つの態様において、本発明はこの問題に対する解決法を提供する。合成又は組換え技術により作製される場合、EPOなどのタンパク質は、循環又は組織に存在する内因性の対応物をできるだけ厳密に模倣するように作製される。これは、容易に検出されやすい分子を提供する成分の、事前又は事後どちらかの除去を必要とする。1つのこのような成分は、シグナルペプチドとして知られる分子の領域である。タンパク質の内因性産生に由来するシグナルペプチド配列は、細胞内破壊を受け、したがって循環から欠如すると考えられた。しかし、本発明者らは、新規の免疫アッセイ技術を開発して、EPOのシグナルペプチド配列はヒトの循環中に存在するだけでなく、尿(又は他の体液、組織試料等)においても測定できることを実証した。EPOシグナルペプチド配列は、完全長天然又は組換えEPOと比較して極めて短く、グリコシル化がない単純な一次及び三次構造を有し、既存のアッセイフォーマットによる測定をはるかにより容易にする。ヒトEPOのシグナルペプチドに対する免疫アッセイは、本明細書に記載されており、該アッセイは、免疫反応性ヒトEPOシグナルペプチド(EPOsp)に感受性であり、20fmol/ml未満(640pg/ml未満)までの循環レベルを検出することができる。このアッセイを利用して、本発明者らは、正常なヒト血漿ではEPOsp:EPOの比を約6:1と判定した。しかし、慢性腎不全を有する患者では、この比が約10:1に上昇するのに対し、心不全を有する患者では、比は約3:1である。故に、異なる疾患状態を有する患者では、EPOsp:EPO比の反応差がある。このパラダイムを、組換えEPOの乱用による又は別の方法によるアスリートドーピングに適用すると、血漿EPOsp:EPO比は、例えば投与の急性期の間に、1:10、1:100、1:1000以下を含む1:1未満になることが予期され得る。EPOの反復投与後、EPOspの循環レベルは、内因性分泌及び排出の変化により、正常な、薬物のないレベルよりはるかに低くなるであろう。さらに、EPOspはEPO自体よりはるかに小さい分子であることから、EPOspの腎クリアランス及びこの後の尿中存在は、血漿EPOspと比較した場合、比の顕著な振幅を伴う著しい変動を示すであろう。
最も通常には、キットは、当技術分野で既知のアッセイ用に、及び特定の実施形態において、当技術分野で知られているようなRIA又はELISAアッセイ用にフォーマットされるであろう。
方法
全てのヒトプロトコルは、Upper South Regional Ethics Committee of the Ministry of Health、ニュージーランドにより承認され、及びヘルシンキ宣言に従って行われた。
化学物質
非空腹時血液試料は、Christchurch Hospital、ニュージーランドで受診した患者の以下の群から回収した。
1)正常な健康なボランティア55人。試料をEDTA血液チューブに回収し、遠心分離し、血漿を分析まで−80℃で貯蔵した。
2)急性非代償性心不全(CHF)を有する患者10人。試料を受診時、入院24〜48時間後、及び退院時に採取した。
3)ST上昇心筋梗塞(STEMI)患者23人。試料を冠疾患集中治療室(0時間)への入院時に採取し、以後、入院患者として00.5、1、2、4、8、12、24及び72時間に採取し、試料を氷上でチューブに取り、+4℃、2700gで5分間遠心分離し、血漿を分析まで−80℃で貯蔵した。
4)末期腎臓疾患を有する患者75人。試料を外来通院時にEDTA回収チューブに採取し、遠心分離して血漿を調製し、−80℃で貯蔵した。
全ての血漿試料は、以前に記載されているようにSepPakカートリッジ(Waters、USA)で抽出し、9乾燥させ、RIA及びHPLCの前に−20℃で貯蔵した。
血漿試料を、標準的な製造者プロトコルに従いルテニウム標識ビオチン化抗体を用いて、Elecsys 2010(Roche、USA)で異種免疫アッセイを用いてTn1、CK−MB、ミオグロビン及びインスリンについてアッセイした。
EPOsp及びCNPsp断片は、次のように特異的RIAにより測定した。
EPOsp(1〜9)及びCNPsp(14〜23)RIA
N末端又はC末端連結システインのどちらかを含有する各抗原性残基配列を、室温で穏やかな混合によりPBS(pH7.0)中でマレミド(malemide)処理N−e−マレイミドカプロイルオキシスクシンイミドエステル(EMCS)誘導体化BSAに結合させた。結合ペプチドをフロインドの(2ml)アジュバントで乳化し、1ヵ月間隔で4〜5部位に2匹のヒツジに皮下注射した(合計2ml)。ヒツジを注射12日後に放血して、十分なレベルが得られるまで抗体価を評価した。免疫アッセイについては、EPOsp及びCNPsp免疫反応性を、1:6,000〜1:45,000の最終希釈範囲内で抗血清を用いて判定した。各抗血清は、ヒトproBNP(1〜13)、proBNP(1〜76)、proANP(1〜30)、インスリン、アンジオテンシンII、アンジオテンシン(1〜7)、ウロテンシンII、CNP、グレリン、Cグレリン(52〜117)、proCNP(1〜15)、アドレノメデュリン(adrenomedulin)、ウロコルチンI、ウロコルチンII、BNP−SPn(1〜10)、ANP−SPc(16〜25)、ANP−SP(1〜10)、INS−SPn(1〜9)を含む、図6に示されたペプチド及び薬物との検出可能な交差反応性を有さなかった。交差反応性は、当技術分野でよく知られた標準化プロトコルに従って評価した。10
N末端又はC末端チロシン残基のどちらかを含有する各抗原性残基を、クロラミンT法を介してヨウ素化し、逆相HPLC(RP−HPLC)で精製した。この調製物からRP−HPLC後のヨウ素化トレーサー形態をテストした。全ての試料、標準物、放射性トレース及び抗血清溶液を、カリウムベースのアッセイ緩衝液に希釈した。4,9各アッセイインキュベートは、100μL試料又は標準物(適切な合成抗原性ペプチド配列)及び100μL特異的抗原抗血清から成り、該インキュベートをボルテックスし、4℃で24時間インキュベートした。100μLのトレース(4000〜5000cpm)を次いで添加し、4℃で24時間さらにインキュベートした。遊離及び結合免疫反応性は、固相二次抗体法(ロバ抗ヒツジSac−Cel(登録商標)、IDS Ltd、英国)により最終的に分離し、Gammamasterカウンター(LKB、ウプサラ、スウェーデン)でカウントした。
全ての結果は、平均±SEMとして示す。経時的データを、反復測定と、これに続く最小有意差事後試験のため二元ANOVAを用いて分析した。血漿ホルモン濃度の相関分析は、一般線形回帰モデルを用いて実施した。全ての分析において、P値<0.05は有意と見なした。
健康なヒトにおけるEPOsp及びCNPsp断片について測定したそれぞれの静脈血漿濃度(pmol/L)は、以下である。
EPOsp断片 49.9±3.7
CNPsp断片 20.7±3.1
臨床的に安定な疑われるACSを有する患者8人にカテーテルを挿入し、血液試料を複数の臓器部位から採取した。これらは、大腿動脈FA(1)及びFA(2)大腿静脈(FV)、腎静脈(RV)、肝静脈(HV)、下大静脈(IVC)、頸静脈(JUG)、心臓冠状静脈洞静脈(CS)及び肺動脈(PA)であった。血液は、冷却したEDTAチューブに回収し、遠心分離により血漿から調製し、血漿を免疫反応性EPOsp及びCNPsp RIAに提出した。図2は、免疫反応性CNPsp濃度の最も高い部位が、心臓、特に心室を流れる静脈、CSであることを明白に示している。これは、心臓が免疫反応性CNPsp(例えば、CNPsp断片)を分泌し得るという証拠である。特にEPOsp断片の形態での免疫反応性EPOspもまた分泌され得る。
急性非代償性心不全を有する患者10人、及び慢性腎不全を有する患者75人からの血漿抽出物を、特異的EPOsp及びEPO免疫アッセイに供した。上段パネル:慢性腎不全を有する患者10人における推定糸球体濾過率(eGFR)。eGFRと血漿EPOspとの間に統計的に有意な陰性関係がある。中段パネル:正常な健康な個体、慢性腎不全を有する患者、及び非代償性急性心不全を有する患者における血漿EPOsp濃度。EPOspの血漿濃度は、慢性腎不全及び心不全を有する患者で有意に上昇する。下段パネル:正常な健康状態、慢性腎不全及び急性心不全におけるEPOsp/EPOの比。正常な健康状態における比が約6:1であるのに対し、慢性腎不全において比は、約10:1に有意に増加する(正常と比較して)。対照的に、急性心不全において、EPOsp対EPOの比は、約3:1に有意に減少する(正常と比較して)。
臨床的に安定な患者における循環EPOsp及びCNPsp濃度は、心臓源に由来する可能性がある。著しい心臓分泌は、心臓ホルモンであるEPOsp及びCNPspと一致している。
この証拠は、ACSを呈する患者の2時間以内、又はACSの発症の2時間以内に循環中及び細胞外空間に存在するとしてEPOsp及びCNPsp断片を文書に記録する最初のものである。本発明者らは、最初の例において、血中の免疫反応性EPOsp及びCNPspの測定が、急性心臓虚血及び/又はこの後の傷害の迅速なバイオマーカーとしての可能性を有すること、並びに第2の例において、事象後の免疫反応性EPOsp及びCNPspの測定が、長期の予後及び転帰のマーカーとして潜在的メリットを有することを示す。
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このリスト、及び特許明細書を含む本明細書全体にわたる全ての引用された文献は、その全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
Claims (24)
- 配列番号6に記載のポリペプチドに選択的に結合する、抗体又はその抗原結合断片。
- ポリクローナル抗体、モノクローナル抗体、キメラ抗体若しくはヒト化抗体又はその抗原結合断片である、請求項1に記載の抗体又はその抗原結合断片。
- 検出可能なマーカーで標識された、請求項1又は2に記載の抗体又はその抗原結合断片。
- 配列番号6に記載の単離されたポリペプチド。
- 配列番号6に記載のポリペプチドを含有する患者から得られた、血液試料、血漿試料又は血清試料である生物学的試料を、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の抗体又はその抗原結合断片と接触させるステップを含む方法。
- 抗体の調製における請求項4のポリペプチドの使用。
- 対象由来の生物学的試料中の請求項4のポリペプチドに関するアッセイであって、前記試料を得るステップと、前記試料を結合剤と接触させるステップと、試料中の前記ペプチドのレベルを検出及び測定するステップとを含むアッセイ。
- 生物学的試料が循環源由来の試料である、請求項7のアッセイ。
- 前記ポリペプチドのレベルが質量分析を用いて測定される、請求項7又は8に記載のアッセイ。
- 前記ポリペプチドのレベルが、酵素結合免疫吸着アッセイ(ELISA)、免疫蛍光アッセイ及び免疫放射線測定アッセイから選択されるアッセイを用いて測定される、請求項7又は8に記載のアッセイ。
- AMI及び狭心症を含む急性冠症候群、心不全、不安定プラーク、並びにアテローム性動脈硬化を含む血管疾患からなる群から選択される心臓障害を対象において予測、診断又はモニターのための方法であって、
(a)対象由来の生物学的試料中の配列番号6に記載のCNPsp断片のレベルを測定するステップと、
(b)前記配列番号6に記載のCNPsp断片のレベルを、対照からのレベルと比較するステップと
を含み、対照レベルより高い配列番号6に記載のCNPsp断片の測定されたレベルが、前記心臓障害を示す方法。 - 前記方法が、対象における急性又は慢性心臓障害の治療に対する反応を評価又はモニターするのに使用され、対照レベルからの、CNPsp断片の測定レベルにおける変化が、治療に対する反応を示す、請求項11の方法。
- 前記心臓障害の発症の発症、又は臨床的提示の最初の48時間、24時間、12時間、6時間、4時間、2時間、1時間、若しくは30分以内に、対象由来の生物学的試料中のCNPsp断片のレベルを測定するステップを含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 範囲40〜250pmol/L、65〜200pmol/L、70〜150、又は70〜130pmol/Lにある、試料中のCNPsp断片のレベルがACSを示す、請求項11又は13に記載の方法。
- 対照レベルより1.5〜10、1.5〜5、又は2〜3倍高い、試料中のCNPsp断片のレベルがACSを示す、請求項11又は13に記載の方法。
- 急性心臓障害が、提示ECG上でST上昇を有する急性心筋梗塞(AMI)、不安定狭心症、急性非ST上昇心筋梗塞、心臓虚血、急性心臓傷害、急性薬物毒性に起因する急性心臓損傷、急性心筋症である、請求項11又は13に記載の方法。
- 生物学的試料が、血液、静脈血液、動脈血液、血漿、血清、唾液、間質液、尿又は心臓組織試料である、請求項11〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記CNPsp断片のレベルが、質量分析(SELDI、ESI、MALDI又はFTICを含む)、RIA、ELISA、蛍光免疫アッセイ、免疫蛍光アッセイ、及び免疫放射線測定アッセイから選択されるアッセイを用いて測定される、請求項11〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ACSの1つ又は複数の非CNPspマーカーのレベルを測定するステップと、対照からのマーカーレベルに対し前記レベルを比較するステップとをさらに含み、対照レベルからの、測定レベルにおける偏差が、CNPsp断片の測定されたレベルと共に、ACSの予測若しくは診断となる、又は前記ACSをモニターするのに使用され得る、請求項11〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 非CNPspマーカーが、トロポニンT、トロポニンI、クレアチンキナーゼ−MB、ミオグロビン、ANP、ANP−SP、BNP、NT−BNP、BNP−SP、LDH、アスパラギン酸アミノトランスフェラーゼ、H−FABP、虚血修飾アルブミン、エンドセリン、アドレノメデュリン、レニン及びアンジオテンシンIIからなる群から選択される、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 対象における生物学的事象又は障害を評価するためのアッセイ用キットの製造のための請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の抗体又はその抗原結合断片の使用。
- 生物学的事象又は障害がACSである、請求項21の使用。
- 急性心臓障害を予測、診断又はモニターするためのキットであって、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の抗体又はその抗原結合断片を含み、ACSの発症又は臨床的提示の6又は4時間以内に得られた生物学的試料において測定されたCNPsp断片のレベルから、発症又は臨床的提示の6又は4時間以内に対象における前記急性心臓障害を予測、診断又はモニターするための説明書を場合により含むキット。
- キットが、0.1〜1500pmol/L、0.1〜350pmol/L、1〜300pmol/L、10〜250、又は20〜150pmol/Lの範囲での、CNPsp断片のレベルを測定するために校正される、請求項23に記載のキット。
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