JP5925195B2 - 微粒子炭素質原料の破砕熱分解のための方法およびシステム - Google Patents
微粒子炭素質原料の破砕熱分解のための方法およびシステム Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims description 108
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 78
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 59
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- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 33
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
Claims (40)
- バイオマスおよび/または石炭を含む微粒子炭素質原料を処理する方法であって、
前記原料を、内径Dmを有する容器に供給し、
前記容器を限界速度CS=42.3/D0.5rpmの55%〜90%の速度で回転させ、
前記容器が限界速度CSの55%から90%の速度で回転している間に、同時に、前記容器に供給された前記原料に対し、粒子寸法縮小加工及び熱分解を行い、
少なくとも、液体オイルと固体炭化物粒子を形成するために濃縮可能な揮発性物質である熱分解生成物を生成し、
前記揮発性物質の中に混入された炭化物の混合物としての熱分解生成物を同じ排気口を介して排出する、方法。 - 前記寸法縮小加工が原料の破砕および圧潰のいずれか一方、またはその両方を含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記寸法縮小加工が原料を、熱分解によって粒子上に形成された炭化物層を粉砕して取り除くのに十分な硬度を持つ1つ以上の硬質の物体に繰り返し接触させることを含む、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記原料を1つ以上の硬質の物体と接触させることが、1つ以上の硬質の物体で前記原料に衝撃を与えることを含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記1つ以上の硬質の物体は、独立して自由に動ける複数の物体として備えられ、前記原料に衝撃を与えることは、前記回転する容器が、前記自由に動ける物体を持ち上げる動きによって、前記自由に動ける物体に勢いを与え、そして持ち上げた前記自由に動ける物体を落下させて原料に衝撃を与えることを含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記容器は容積Vを有し、前記自由に動ける物体は前記容積Vの10%〜50%を占める量である請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記自由に動ける物体を、シリカ、中礫または鋼鉄の中の1つから製造された物体として備えることを含む請求項5または6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記容器の中に前記自由に動ける物体を連続的に供給することを含む、請求項5〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記熱分解が、伝導および対流により前記自由に動ける物体から前記原料へ熱を伝えることを含む請求項5〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記自由に動ける物体が原料に接触する前に当該物体を加熱することを含む請求項9に記載の方法。
- 原料が前記自由に動ける物体に接触する前に、当該物体を加熱する過程で出た排熱を使用して当該原料を乾燥させることを含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記自由に動ける物体が原料と接触する間に当該物体を加熱することを含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記熱分解には前記容器を加熱することが含まれる請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記原料の熱分解により生成された非凝結性ガスおよび/または炭化物を燃焼させることで熱分解用の熱を発生させることを含む、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 原料を焙焼するに十分な温度で熱分解を行うことを含む、請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 限られた酸素を前記容器に供給し、揮発性物質および/または炭化物を部分的に燃焼させて原料を熱分解するための熱を発生させることを含む請求項1〜15のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記熱分解で発生した有機蒸気を凝結させてオイルを形成することを含む、請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記熱分解で発生した炭化物上に熱分解で発生した有機蒸気を凝結させてオイル/炭化物混合物を生成することを含む、請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記原料の熱分解で発生した生成物を燃料として燃焼またはガス化システムに供給することを含む、請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記熱分解用の熱源として前記燃焼またはガス化システムを使用することを含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記原料の熱分解で発生した生成物を混焼燃料としてボイラーまたはガス化装置に供給することを含む、請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 350℃〜650℃の温度で熱分解を行うことを含む、請求項1〜21のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記容器の内部に、鋼鉄、シリカ、または耐火物による内張りを設けることを含む、請求項1〜22のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- バイオマスおよび/または石炭を含む微粒子炭素質原料の粉砕および熱分解を同時に行うための設備であって、
前記設備は、
原料の粒径を縮小することができる機器を有し、当該機器は、限界速度CS=42.3/D0.5rpmの55%〜90%の速度で回転する容器(但し、Dは、容器の内径をメートルで表したもので、当該容器は排気口を備える)と、
回転する前記容器の中で前記原料を加熱することが可能な熱源を含み、
前記設備は、原料の粒子サイズを縮小するとともに、原料を熱分解し、炭化物が混入された揮発性物質であって、燃焼可能な液体オイルと固体炭化物粒子を濃縮することが可能である熱分解生成物を生成し、前記熱分解生成物を前記排気口から排出することができる、設備。 - 前記機器が破砕機またはフライス盤である、請求項24に記載の設備。
- 前記容器の中に配置された、独立して自由に動ける複数の硬質の物体であって、熱分解によって粒子上に形成される炭化物層を破壊して取り除き、それによって前記原料の粒子サイズの縮小を達成するに十分な堅さを持つ物体を有する、請求項24に記載の設備。
- 前記機器は、前記容器を回転させて、前記自由に動ける硬質の物体に勢いを付与し、当該自由に動ける堅い物体を持ち上げてから、該物体を落下させて前記原料に衝撃を与える、請求項26に記載の設備。
- 前記容器中に前記自由に動ける硬質の物体を循環供給することを含む、請求項26または27に記載の設備。
- 前記容器は容積Vを持ち、前記自由に動ける硬質の物体は、前記容器の中にあるとき、前記容積Vの10%〜50%を占める、請求項24〜28のいずれか1項に記載の設備。
- 前記熱源は、前記自由に動ける硬質の物体が前記原料に接触する前に、前記自由に動ける硬質の物体を加熱する、請求項26〜29のいずれか1項に記載の設備。
- 前記熱源は、前記容器を加熱する、請求項24〜30のいずれか1項の請求項に記載の設備。
- 前記熱源は、バーナーおよび当該バーナーに原料の熱分解からの非凝結性ガスを供給するガス供給システムを含む、請求項24〜31のいずれか1項に記載の設備。
- その中を通って前記原料の熱分解からのガスおよび蒸気が取り出され、当該熱分解蒸気の有機成分を凝結させ捕捉する凝結器を含む、請求項24〜32のいずれか1項に記載の設備。
- 前記熱源は、前記原料の焙焼を行うに十分な熱分解温度を供給できるように構成される、請求項24〜33のいずれか1項に記載の設備。
- 前記設備は、前記熱分解により発生した炭化物上に当該熱分解により発生した有機蒸気を凝結させ、オイル/炭化物混合物を生成するように構成される、請求項24〜33のいずれか1項に記載の設備。
- 前記設備は、燃焼器またはガス化装置を有する燃焼またはガス化システムの一部であり、前記設備は、前記原料の熱分解で発生した生成物を燃料として当該燃焼器またはガス化装置に供給するように構成される、請求項24〜32のいずれか1項に記載の設備。
- 前記燃焼器またはガス化装置により発生された熱が、熱分解用の熱源となる、請求項36に記載の設備。
- 前記設備は、前記原料の熱分解により発生した生成物を混焼燃料としてボイラーまたはガス化装置に供給するように構成される、請求項24〜32のいずれか1項に記載の設備。
- 前記原料を前記機器に供給するためのホッパーを含み、当該ホッパ−は、ホッパーから前記機器への原料の流れを容易にするために、軸を中心とする回転運動とその軸に沿う直線的な往復運動を組み合わせることが可能な攪拌機構を備える、請求項24〜38のいずれか1項に記載の設備。
- 前記熱源は、350℃〜650℃の熱分解温度を供給するように構成される、請求項24〜39のいずれか1項に記載の設備。
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