JP5903510B2 - Rotating electrical equipment - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a rotating electrical apparatus, and more particularly to a rotating electrical apparatus that is connected to a low-speed rotating output shaft such as a windmill and is effective for power generation.

The frequency of commercial power is 50 Hz (or 60 Hz). For example, in turbine power generation using a two-pole rotor in thermal power / hydroelectric power generation, high-speed rotation of 3000 rotations / minute is necessary (3600 rotations / minute in the case of 60 Hz). However, in a wind turbine using wind power, high-speed rotation cannot be expected, and the number of rotations is increased by a gear or a multipolar rotor generator is used. If the rotor has 20 poles, it is possible to obtain electric power having the frequency of commercial power even at a low speed of 300 revolutions / minute, and gearless power generation becomes possible.

For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a multipolar generator. This generator has a rotor having permanent magnets as magnetic poles and a radiation-shaped stator, and generates an AC voltage in an armature winding wound around the stator by rotating the rotor.

JP 2000-60092 A JP 2005-304127 A

Regarding the manufacture of a motor including a generator, a magnetic material is stamped and formed to form a stator having a radial teeth. In the generator of Patent Document 1, if the number of turns of the winding is increased, the length of the radial tasting must be increased, and if formed by punching the core, a large amount of material between the tastings is wasted. .

In addition, when the length of the tasse is long and the rotor diameter is large with a multi-pole configuration, a large bending moment is generated at the end of the long tas (connecting portion with the yoke) according to the principle of the lever, and this is corresponding to this. In addition, the connecting portion between the tas and the yoke is strongly thickened. Therefore, a large and strong casing is required to accommodate the tases and rotors thus enlarged. On the other hand, if the tasse is lengthened, many windings can be wound, but conversely, in order to give the mechanical strength of the tas itself, the width must be further increased. As a result, the conductor length increases and the copper loss increases.

Incidentally, in Patent Document 2, regarding the formation of a cylindrical rotor core for fixing a permanent magnet, it has been proposed to form a rotor core by winding a rectangular parallelepiped ferromagnetic material instead of punching. It is not disclosed about a stator having a tee.

On the other hand, the present applicant has proposed a generator in which an iron core of a stator pole is formed by winding a steel core wound with a band-shaped grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-236601. Directional electrical steel sheets have less iron loss and higher magnetic permeability than non-oriented electrical steel sheets. However, since the axis of the easy magnetization axis is one direction, the magnetic resistance increases between the stator pole and the yoke surrounding the outer periphery thereof.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a rotating electrical apparatus that can support vibrations caused by approach and detachment of a rotor magnet by a small volume rather than a large and strong casing.

In order to solve the above problems, a rotating electrical apparatus according to the present invention is a rotating electrical apparatus having a rotor and a stator having a plurality of teeth arranged radially so as to form a magnetic gap facing the magnetic pole. A plurality of windings applied to each tasting;
A cylindrical housing made of non-magnetic material made of austenite, which is provided with an opening through which the tas penetrates and in which the tes are radially arranged and fixed so that the magnetic pole surface of the tes faces the center; And a rotor having a magnetic pole made of a permanent magnet that forms a magnetic gap between each of the ends of the tas that pass through the opening, and the housing has the openings provided at equiangular intervals. Each of the tases is welded or bonded to the housing at the position of the opening, and the plurality of windings are applied to tas portions located outside the housing. A plate provided with a bearing for supporting the rotating shaft of the rotor is fixed to the flange portion.

According to the present invention, the housing is fixed to a plate having a bearing via a flange, and serves as a housing of the generator. The teeth are vibrated by the approach and separation of the permanent magnet of the rotor, and this vibration can be supported at a position where the housing is close to the rotor. For this reason, the diameter of the cylindrical portion of the housing is supported by a small volume.

It is an exploded view of rotating electrical equipment. It is a figure which shows the assembly process of a laminated electromagnetic steel plate piece. It is a figure which shows the attachment process of a laminated electromagnetic steel plate piece. It is explanatory drawing of the other Example of a rotor. It is explanatory drawing of the other Example of a stator. It is explanatory drawing of the other Example of a stator.

FIG. 1 shows an exploded state of the rotating electrical apparatus 1 of the present embodiment. The rotating electrical apparatus 1 can be used as an electric motor or a generator. The rotating electrical apparatus 1 is an inner rotor type generator having a multipolar configuration in which a stator 7 is provided with a large number of teeth 10. The rotor 9 is fixed to the rotary shaft 2 and is provided with permanent magnets 12 as magnetic poles arranged at equal angular intervals with respect to the rotation center.

The stator 7 is fixed to a cylindrical housing 5 made of a nonmagnetic material such as austenitic steel. The teeth 10 of the stator 7 pass through the housing 5 and face the magnetic poles of the rotor 9. In the figure, the rotor 9 inserted in the housing 5 is shown pulled out from the position facing the teeth 10 of the stator 7 to the front side. The housing 5 is fixed to the front and rear plates 3 and 4 with bolts 6, but in the drawing, the bolt 6 is removed and the plate 3 is separated from the housing 5. The bearing 31 is provided on the plate 3 and supports the rotating shaft 2. The broken line O is the center of rotation.

A stator 7 is constituted by a large number of laminated electromagnetic steel plate pieces 8. A large number of laminated electrical steel sheet pieces 8 surround the rotor 9 and are fixed to the housing 5, and end portions of the laminated electromagnetic steel sheet pieces 8 penetrate the housing 5 as the teeth 10. On the other hand, the central part of the laminated electrical steel sheet pieces 8 constitutes the yoke 11 between the tes 10 respectively. Since the laminated electrical steel sheet pieces 8 have the same shape, the tes 10 are equiangularly spaced with respect to the rotation center.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an assembly process of the laminated electrical steel sheet pieces 8. Each laminated electromagnetic steel sheet piece 8 has an end portion 8 a that functions as a part of the tas 10 and a central portion 8 b that functions as a yoke 11. The strip-shaped directional magnetic steel sheets are laminated by being electrically insulated from each other, and a large number of lines 81 are spaced apart from each other on the surface 81 of the laminated directional magnetic steel sheets corresponding to the central portion 8b. Welding (w1) is performed (see FIG. 2A). The axial direction of the easy magnetization axis of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is aligned with the direction (x). And it bends in U shape in the position P and Q of a dashed-dotted line, and forms the edge part 8a on both sides, and the center part 8b in the center (FIG. 2B). It is bent along the axial direction of the easy magnetization axis of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet. As a result, the axial direction of the easy magnetization axis of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is directed to the bending direction, and the end of the easy magnetization axis appears on the surface 82 of the end portion 8a. A large number of welds (w2) are linearly performed at intervals on the surface 81 in a range corresponding to the end portion 8a (see FIG. 2B). In addition, the length of the outer side is long so that the surface 82 becomes flat when the directional magnetic steel sheet is bent.

The first welding (w1) described above is to prevent positional misalignment between the laminated directional magnetic steel sheets when the directional magnetic steel sheets are bent. The number of the laminated electrical steel sheet pieces 8 having such a bent shape is prepared as many as the number of the tas 10 scheduled as the rotating electrical apparatus 1.
Here, when both end portions 8a of each laminated electrical steel sheet piece 8 are extended on both outer surfaces, the angle θ at which the extension lines (indicated by the alternate long and short dash line T in the figure) cross each other is an acute angle. The angle is obtained by dividing 360 degrees by one turn by the number of the tenes 10.

FIG. 3 shows a connection structure between the housing 5 and the laminated electrical steel sheet pieces 8. The housing 5 has a bobbin shape and has flange portions 52 on both sides of the cylindrical portion 51. The cylindrical part 51 is provided with openings 53 as many as the number of planned tases at equal angular intervals. One end portion 8a and the other end portion 8a of the adjacent laminated electromagnetic steel sheet pieces 8 are inserted into one opening 53, the outer surfaces of the end portions 8a are brought into close contact with each other, and the cylindrical portion 51 is aligned. Secure to. For this fixing, welding was used (w2). One tas 10 is formed in a state in which the outer surfaces of the end portions 8a are joined together, and the winding 13 is applied with the tas 10 constituted by the two end portions 8a as one iron core. The surface 82 in which the short side of the grain-oriented magnetic steel plate 8 appears forms a magnetic gap with the permanent magnet 12 of the rotor 9 as the magnetic pole surface of the tes 10.

In this structure, the magnetic circuit formed by the stator 7 will be described. The magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 12 enters the two laminated electrical steel sheet pieces 8 constituting the tas 10 from the magnetic pole surface of one tas 10, The direction is changed to both sides along the axis direction of each easy magnetization axis to the central portion 8b, passes through the central portions 8b of the two laminated electromagnetic steel sheet pieces 8 and passes through the paths to the adjacent tas 10 respectively. become.

According to the present embodiment, since the tee 10 and the yoke 11 constituting the stator 7 are formed of continuous directional electromagnetic steel plates, the magnetic circuit returns to the permanent magnet 10 of the rotor 9 without disturbing the magnetic flux. Can be configured.

The housing 7 supports the stator 7 which is a heavy object. Since the housing 5 supports the stator at a position close to the rotor 9, the diameter of the cylindrical portion of the housing 5 is supported with a smaller volume than when the yoke 11 is supported from the outside. The housing 5 of the present embodiment is fixed to the plates 3 and 4 having the bearings 31 through the flange portion 52, and serves as a housing of the generator. The tee 10 is vibrated by the approach and separation of the permanent magnet 12 of the rotor 9, and the housing 5 can support the vibration at a position close to the rotor 9.

FIG. 4 shows another configuration example of the rotor 9. The rotor 9 is made of non-oriented electrical steel, and has a large number of teeth 18 arranged on the outer periphery of the rotor 9 at equal angular intervals with respect to the rotation axis as magnetic poles. A permanent magnet 14 is embedded in every other case 18. The permanent magnet 14 has one magnetic pole facing the center of the rotor 9 and the other magnetic pole facing the other side. The other magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 14 has a magnetic pole area in the radial direction of the rotor 9. A convex electromagnetic steel piece 16 having a convex surface 15 reduced toward the surface is provided, and the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet 14 is concentrated in a narrow range of the convex surface 15 to increase the magnetic flux density. The electromagnetic steel piece 16 is made of non-directional electromagnetic steel.

The ring 17 is nonmagnetic austenitic steel and prevents the electromagnetic steel piece 16 and the permanent magnet 14 from falling off the rotor 9. The electromagnetic steel piece 16 and the permanent magnet 14 may be fixed to the rotor 9 by using an adhesive instead of the ring 17. On the other hand, the tes 18 of the rotor 9 that does not have the permanent magnet 14 has a convex surface 15 like the electromagnetic steel piece 16. As shown by the broken line M in FIG. 4B, the magnetic field lines from the permanent magnet 14 are the electromagnetic steel piece 16, the stator 7 (not shown), the tes 18 in which no permanent magnet is embedded, and the rotor 9. The magnetic circuit which returns to the permanent magnet 14 via is constructed.

As in this embodiment, by increasing the magnetic flux density of the tes 18, the cross-sectional area of the laminated electrical steel sheet piece 8 of the stator 7 can be reduced, and the weight of the directional electrical steel sheet can be reduced. . Moreover, since the length per turn of the coil | winding of the laminated electromagnetic steel plate piece 8 can be shortened, copper loss can be made small. Moreover, the cost by the permanent magnet 14 can be reduced by reducing the permanent magnet 14 on the rotor 9 side.

FIG. 5 is a view showing a housing 5 of another embodiment. In the present embodiment, the flange portion 52 on one side of the housing 5 is structured to be separable from the cylindrical portion 51. The flange portion 52 is fixed to the tube portion 51 with bolts 54.

FIG. 6 shows how the stator 7 is assembled using the housing 5 of FIG. The bobbin 20 is a cylindrical member having a cavity 21 in which two end portions 8a of the laminated electrical steel sheet pieces 8 are accommodated. Winding is provided around the bobbin 20 to make an electromagnet without an iron core.

Inside the cavity 21 of the bobbin 20 in which a large number of laminated electrical steel sheet pieces 8 are arranged in a circle while attaching the outer surface of the end portion 8a, and the windings 13 are applied to the two end portions 8a in a stacked state. To penetrate. This completes the ring-shaped stator 7. Next, the finished ring 10 of the ring-shaped stator 7 is fitted into the opening 53 of the cylindrical portion 51 with the flange portion 52 on one side removed. If the size and position of the opening 53 are determined so as to fit the tas 10 of the stator 7, the laminated electrical steel sheet piece 8 can be stably kept in a state in which the laminated electrical steel sheet piece 8 is fitted in the opening 53 of the cylindrical portion 51. It is supported by the housing 5. The tas 10 and the housing 5 are fixed by welding or adhesion, and the flange portion 52 is attached to the housing 5.

If the number of the teeth 10 of the stator 7 and the number of magnetic poles of the rotor 9 are increased, the voltage frequency per rotation can be increased when the rotating electrical apparatus 1 is used as a generator.

In this example, the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet was bent into a U shape at the positions P and Q of the alternate long and short dash line (FIG. 2A). This is because when the laminated electrical steel sheet pieces 8 are arranged in a circular shape, the line connecting the central portions 8b is made as circular as possible. However, the directional electrical steel sheets at the positions P and Q may be gently bent so as to draw an arc across the entire central portion 8b so as not to be steep.

In the rotating electrical apparatus 1 of the above embodiment, the rotor 9 is provided with magnetic poles using permanent magnets, but the rotor can be a cage rotor. The cage-type rotor is well known for induction conductors and induction generators. For example, a plurality of conductor bars arranged in an annular shape around the axis of the rotating shaft and a plurality of conductor bar portions on both sides of the cage rotor. The structure includes a ring-shaped end ring that is disposed and connects the ends of the plurality of conductor bars.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rotating electrical equipment 2 Rotating shaft 5 Housing 7 Stator 8 Laminated electromagnetic steel sheet piece 9 Rotor 10 Tase 11 Yoke 13 Winding 31 Bearing

Claims (2)

In a rotating electrical apparatus having a rotor and a stator having a plurality of teeth arranged radially so as to form a magnetic gap opposite to the magnetic pole,
A plurality of windings applied to each tasting;
A cylindrical housing made of non-magnetic material made of austenite, which is provided with an opening through which the tas penetrates, and radially arranges and fixes the tas so that the magnetic pole surface of the tas faces the center;
A rotor having a magnetic pole formed by a permanent magnet that is inserted into the housing and has a magnetic gap formed between end portions of the respective teeth passing through the opening;
The housing has a cylindrical portion in which the openings are provided at equiangular intervals and flange portions on both sides thereof, and each tas is welded or bonded to the housing at the position of the opening,
The plurality of windings are applied to a tas portion located outside the housing;
A rotating electrical apparatus, wherein a plate provided with a bearing for supporting a rotating shaft of the rotor is fixed to the flange portion.
2. The rotating electrical apparatus according to claim 1, wherein one of the flange portions on the both sides of the housing is separable from the cylindrical portion.