JP5953925B2 - 電池のエネルギ放出装置 - Google Patents
電池のエネルギ放出装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5953925B2 JP5953925B2 JP2012111649A JP2012111649A JP5953925B2 JP 5953925 B2 JP5953925 B2 JP 5953925B2 JP 2012111649 A JP2012111649 A JP 2012111649A JP 2012111649 A JP2012111649 A JP 2012111649A JP 5953925 B2 JP5953925 B2 JP 5953925B2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 14
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010039203 Road traffic accident Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002618 waking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
一方、放電時間の短縮のために、直接、電池パックに電気伝導度の高い塩水を注入することも可能ではあるが、交通事故など、突発的な状況での塩の準備や塩水の濃度調整は容易ではない。また、直接、塩水を注入した場合、パック内に十分な量の水が溜まる前に、直接、端子に塩水が触れて短絡し、その発熱により発火の可能性もあり、適用には問題がある。
本発明の電池のエネルギ放出装置は、図1に示すように、車両Cに搭載される。
ここで、車両Cを概略説明する。車両Cはモータのみで走行する電気自動車(EV)であるが、これに代えて、駆動源としてモータと内燃機関を併用するPHVあるいは、燃料電池で駆動するモータなどを用いる車両等であっても良い。
図1に示す車両Cは車室Rの前方に前収容室FRを備え、ここには動力源として用いる電動回転機(モータジェネレータ)1と、その電動回転機への電力を調整する電力変換機10と、車両Cの車輪2に連結された不図示の駆動装置(パワートレイン)と、電動回転機1や電力変換機10を駆動制御する電力制御装置(MCU)3及び車両の車両制御装置(PCU)4とが配備される。一方、車室Rのフロア12の下部には駆動用電池8を収容する電池パック5が搭載される。
図1に示すように、車室Rのフロア12の直下に駆動用電池8を収容する電池パック5が配備される。電池パック5は、図1,2に示すように、車体の前後方向Xに並列配備された左右サイドメンバ17と、これらの間に配設される前後クロスメンバ18,19とにより支持され、複数の締結金具13で各対向するメンバ側に締結されている。
上下半部501,502の材料である樹脂は、例えばポリプロピレンからなる基材を、短ガラス繊維によって強化したものである。これら上下半部501,502は互いの重合フランジ部504,505を互いに不図示のボルトで締結し、扁平箱状の筐体として形成される。なお、駆動用電池8を成す複数の電池セル801は、例えば、直列に接続され、不図示の電気回路を介して、図4,5に示す電源側端子部材21,22及び開閉器60に接続されている。
図4に示すように、上向き開口506とフロア1側の作業穴である常閉口101とは縦向きの弾性筒体60で連結される。冷却風導入口507は不図示のエアコンの吐出路に吸入側ダクト64を介して連通している。
図5に示すように、電池パック5の一側である車体前方に向いた前壁部151には2つのケーブル導入穴27,28が形成される。ここに各高電圧ケーブル11が挿通され、各ケーブルはそれに一体的に取り付けられるターミナルホルダ231を用いて前壁部151に締結されている。
図4、5に示すように、電源側端子部材21,22は支持枠509上に相互に絶縁状態で固定され、その先端である図4、5で左側端部には、電動回転機1側の電力制御装置3から延びる高電圧ケーブル11の先端のケーブル側接続端子25,26が締結されている。
ケーブル側片部211,221には高電圧ケーブル11がボルトで締結され、電池側片部221,222には複数個の電池セル802を直列に接続した不図示の電気回路の端部kが重ねられ、ボルト締結されている。
一対の差込プラグ601,601は絶縁性の差込ブラケット602に一体結合され、この差込ブラケット602の左右側壁部にコ字形のハンドル603が同一中心線L1を有するピン604を介し揺動可能に連結される。これによりハンドル603を定常時は待機位置p1に、使用時は立て向きの使用位置p2に揺動して抜き出し操作可能に取り付けられている。これら一対の差込プラグ601,601と差込ブラケット602とハンドル603とが開閉器60を成している。
図7(a)に示すように、電解質物質収容器(以後単に収容器と記す)70は例えば水の浸入を容易化するスリット701を多数有する膨出ポケット状の容器でよく、この収容器70内に電解質物質Mを収容した上で、この収容器80の周縁フランジ702を上半部501の内壁wuに接着している。なお、図7(b)に示すように、接着に代えて周縁フランジ702を内壁wuに形成するビス固定ボスwubにねじ止めしても良く、その他の固定手段を用いても良い。
ここでは、電解質物質Mとして塩化ナトリウムを用いている。ここで電解質物質Mを収容した収容器70の設置位置P1は、電池パック5内である。この設置位置P1の電池パック5の下面からの高さ位置Hは、駆動用電池8が所定の水没高さ、例えば、図6(a)〜(c)に示すように、電池の発熱を抑制できる水没量、例えば各電池セル801の半分の高さsh1以上が水没するような位置に設定される。
このような第1実施形態の電池のエネルギ放出装置を搭載する車両が走行中に、例えば、衝突事故を起こして車両が破損し、走行不能の非常事態に陥ったとする。
この場合、車両の乗員救助の後、感電を避けるため、フロア1の作業穴である常閉口101を開き、これにより弾性筒体60で連結される開閉器操作用の上向き開口506を開き、直下の開閉器60のハンドル603を待機位置p1より使用位置p2に揺動させ、その上でハンドル603に連結される差込プラグ601,601を引き上げて抜き取り、開閉器60を外し、電池パック5の駆動用電池8と電動回転機1側の電力制御装置3から延びる高電圧ケーブル11を遮断する。
ここで、上向き開口506やエアーダクト64の何れかより、電池パック5内への注水が進むと、図6(a)の状態より(b)の状態に達し、水面が上昇し、電池パック5内の半分の高さsh1を上回るとする。この際、図3、図6(b)に示すように、電解質物質の設置位置P1が電池パック5の半分の高さsh1より上方に設けられるので、電池パック5内に半分の高さHまで水を満たすことにより、温度の上昇しやすい駆動用電池8の各電池セル801のほぼ中央部の冷却性能を確保したものと見做すことができる。このため、継続して進む冷却水の注入を安全に行える。
このように、注水口である上向き開口506、あるいは開口641に対して、電池を挟み対向する側に設置位置P1が確保されるので、注水を開始してからすぐに水が飛沫して電解質物質が溶解し、電池パック内に十分な水が溜まる前に駆動用電池8の端子電極に電解質水溶液が触れる可能性を排除できる。これにより、注水直後に端子電極tに電解質水溶液が触れて発熱が生じるという事態の発生を低減できる。
この第2実施形態の電池のエネルギ放出装置によれば、駆動用電池8の中央部に対する冷却性能を十分に確保した上で、水が端子電極に水没してから電解質物質を溶解し、電解質水溶液が端子電極に触れることとなるので、端子電極に電解質水溶液が直接触れて直ちに発熱し、発火するような事態をより確実に防ぐことができ、安全性をより高めることができる。
次に、第3実施形態の電池のエネルギ放出装置として、図8(b)に示すように、電解質物質Mを含むシート90をそのまま接着剤901で内壁wuに貼り付け、水面が設置位置P1に達すると、電解質物質Mを溶解して電解質水溶液を形成しても良い。更に、第4実施形態の電池のエネルギ放出装置によれば、図8(c)に示すように、電解質物質Mを含む塗料91を上半部501の内壁wuに塗布しておき、水面が設置位置P1に達すると、塗料91中より電解質物質Mを溶融させ、電解質水溶液を形成しても良い。これら第3、第4実施形態によれば、電解質物質Mの設置を低コストで行うことができる。
更に、電解質物質を設ける設置位置P1としては、電池冷却時に結露が発生する場所は避け、これにより、定常時に電解質物質が溶融して電池パック5の下壁側に滞留することを防止できる。
C 車両
5 電池パック
8 駆動用電池
63 排出側のエアーダクト(注水経路)
64 給入側エアーダクト(注水経路)
70 収容器
sh1 電池セルの半分の高さ
H 高さ位置
M 電解質物質
P1 電解質物質を設ける設置位置
Claims (4)
- 車両駆動用の電池を収容する電池パック内または電池パックに接続する注水経路内に電解質物質が設けられ、前記電池の上方に端子電極があり、前記電解質物質の電池パックの下面からの高さ位置は、前記電池が所定の水没高さを確保してから水に溶解するような位置に設定されることを特徴とする電池のエネルギ放出装置。
- 請求項1記載の電池のエネルギ放出装置において、
前記電池パックに設けた前記注水経路の注水口と前記電解質物質の設置位置との間に前記電池が配置されることを特徴とする電池のエネルギ放出装置。 - 請求項1又は2記載の電池のエネルギ放出装置において、
前記電解質物質は前記電池パックの半分の高さより上方に設けられることを特徴とする電池のエネルギ放出装置。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の電池のエネルギ放出装置において、
前記電解質物質は前記端子電極よりも上方に設けられることを特徴とする電池のエネルギ放出装置。
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PCT/JP2013/063184 WO2013172271A1 (ja) | 2012-05-15 | 2013-05-10 | 電池のエネルギ放出装置 |
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US9312702B2 (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2016-04-12 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | System and methods for controlled depowering of automobile batteries |
JP6229620B2 (ja) * | 2014-08-19 | 2017-11-15 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 充電設備 |
KR101638143B1 (ko) * | 2014-12-09 | 2016-07-08 | 현대오트론 주식회사 | 배터리 방전 장치 및 방법 |
JP2016177934A (ja) * | 2015-03-19 | 2016-10-06 | 株式会社オートネットワーク技術研究所 | 蓄電パック |
CN104916880B (zh) * | 2015-06-18 | 2018-02-02 | 安徽江淮松芝空调有限公司 | 电动汽车电池水冷装置 |
KR102023716B1 (ko) | 2016-03-03 | 2019-09-20 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 차량용 배터리시스템 |
KR101878042B1 (ko) * | 2016-07-12 | 2018-08-10 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 배터리팩 안전 장치 |
JP2018012397A (ja) * | 2016-07-20 | 2018-01-25 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 車載電源装置 |
US10766437B2 (en) | 2017-12-14 | 2020-09-08 | Volkswagen Ag | Electric vehicle safety system and methods |
JP7006234B2 (ja) * | 2017-12-18 | 2022-01-24 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 放電制御装置、蓄電システム及び蓄電素子の放電制御方法 |
MX2019002602A (es) | 2018-03-07 | 2019-09-18 | Tti Macao Commercial Offshore Ltd | Disposición para protección de paquetes de batería durante ingreso de fluidos. |
JP7061522B2 (ja) * | 2018-06-27 | 2022-04-28 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | バッテリパック及び電動車両 |
WO2020031737A1 (ja) * | 2018-08-06 | 2020-02-13 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 電源装置及びこれを備える車両 |
JP7229633B2 (ja) * | 2018-09-28 | 2023-02-28 | ダイハツ工業株式会社 | 電池、水溶液収容体、電池輸送容器 |
CN110077464B (zh) * | 2019-05-17 | 2020-02-04 | 佟玉振 | 适用于纯电动新能源汽车的底盘 |
JP7551440B2 (ja) | 2020-10-14 | 2024-09-17 | 株式会社Subaru | 車両の走行用電池の再利用防止方法 |
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JPH09107628A (ja) * | 1995-10-11 | 1997-04-22 | Sumitomo Wiring Syst Ltd | 電気自動車及びその電源装置 |
JPH09284904A (ja) | 1996-04-05 | 1997-10-31 | Toyota Motor Corp | 車両の安全装置 |
JP2001332237A (ja) * | 2000-05-19 | 2001-11-30 | Shikoku Electric Power Co Inc | 電池装置 |
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JP2010277737A (ja) | 2009-05-27 | 2010-12-09 | Jfe Kankyo Corp | リチウム電池の処理方法 |
JP2012033345A (ja) * | 2010-07-29 | 2012-02-16 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | 電池パック |
DE102010034826A1 (de) * | 2010-08-19 | 2012-02-23 | Li-Tec Battery Gmbh | Elektrochemischer Energiespeicher mit einer Mehrzahl von elektrochemischen Zellen |
US9312702B2 (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2016-04-12 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | System and methods for controlled depowering of automobile batteries |
JP2013154809A (ja) * | 2012-01-31 | 2013-08-15 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | 電動車 |
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