JP5713253B2 - Crushing machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a crusher that crushes and separates waste tires, waste optical fibers, plastic bottles, waste plastic products containing metal, and the like.

  Conventionally, as a crusher for waste tires and plastic bottles, a biaxial shear type crusher and a uniaxial impact type crusher have been used, both of which have a rotary blade with a sharp blade and a fixed blade. It was something to cut with. A crusher that uses such sharp rotating blades and fixed blades has the disadvantages that the rotating blades and fixed blades are quickly damaged by wear and cannot be used for a long time. In addition, the rotary blade and the fixed blade are damaged quickly, and the cost for crushing and replacing the rotary blade and the fixed blade is high.

  Therefore, the present inventor has proposed a crusher shown in Patent Document 1. This comprises a casing, a rotating shaft, a plurality of rotating blades, and a slide moving blade, the casing is substantially box-shaped, and the rotating shafts are attached to opposing wall surfaces. The blades are mounted side by side, have cutting blades on the outer periphery, and the sliding blades are mounted on the casing via the gap between the tip of the cutting blade of the rotary blade and a load greater than a predetermined value is applied to the casing. In this case, it is possible to prevent the slide moving blade from sliding in the escape direction and applying an additional load to the rotary blade and the slide moving blade. Thereby, damage of the blade edge | tip of a rotary blade or a slide moving blade can be prevented efficiently, and it can be used for a long time.

JP 2002-126557 A

  However, in the invention of Patent Document 1, there is a problem that the crushed material is caught between the wall surface of the casing and the rotary blade adjacent thereto. In addition, a circular disc is attached to the rotating shaft with a rotary blade in between, and the outer periphery of this disc is in sliding contact with both wall surfaces. If the disc wears out due to sliding contact, the entire disc must be replaced. In other words, there is a problem that it takes time and cost. Furthermore, the cutting blades of the rotary blade are arranged in a V shape (FIGS. 4 and 5 of Patent Document 1), so that the crushed material is collected in the center and crushed quickly. Depending on the type, there is a problem that the material may be discharged without being sufficiently crushed.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is suitable for a type of crushing machine that prevents biting between the wall surface and the rotary blade, a crushing machine that reduces the trouble of replacing the disk, and the type of crushed material. An object is to provide a crusher capable of crushing at high speed.

This onset Ming, a casing, a rotary shaft, comprising: a plurality of rotary blade and a counter blade, wherein the casing is a substantially box shape, and the rotary shaft is attached to the opposite wall, said rotary blade Each of the rotating blades is mounted side by side with the rotary shaft, and has a cutting blade on an outer peripheral portion, and the counter blade is attached to the casing via a gap between the tip of the cutting blade of the rotary blade. Can be attached to the rotating shaft at different angles, and the arrangement pattern of the cutting blades formed by arranging the rotating blades can be changed by changing the order in which the rotating blades are arranged. A circular disc is mounted with a rotary blade in between, and an annular sliding contact portion is fitted on the outer periphery of the disc, and the sliding contact portion is fitted in a circular hole formed on both wall surfaces. Of the disc and the sliding contact portion Peripheral portion, characterized in that protrudes rotary blade side of the wall.

According to the onset bright, it is possible to change the arrangement pattern of the cutting blade which is formed by arranging rotating blade, for example by arranging the cutting blade W shape, staying longer crushed is dispersed more finely crushed For example, it can be crushed at an appropriate speed according to the type of crushed material. Further, since an annular sliding contact portion is fitted on the outer peripheral portion of the disk and only the sliding contact portion needs to be replaced when worn, it is possible to reduce the labor and cost of replacement.

The side view of 1st embodiment of the crusher of this invention. The top view of 1st embodiment of the crusher of this invention. (A) is a side view of a rotary blade, (b) is a plan view of the rotary blade. Explanatory drawing which shows the relationship between a cutting blade and an opposing blade. Explanatory drawing of crushing by a rotary blade and a filter. AA sectional view taken on the line AA of FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the arrangement pattern of a cutting blade. Explanatory drawing of the opposing blade part of 2nd embodiment of a crusher.

  The specific structure of the crusher of this invention is demonstrated based on each drawing. In the following, the upper, lower, left, and right sides, the near side, and the far side are based on FIG. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the first embodiment of the crusher includes a substantially box-shaped casing 1 and a frame body 15 that supports the casing 1. The casing 1 has wall surfaces 11 and 12 that face the front side and the back side, and a rotating shaft 2 that penetrates both wall surfaces 11 and 12 is provided at a substantially central position in the vertical and horizontal directions of the casing 1. It is pivotally supported by bearings 14 at positions outside both wall surfaces 11 and 12. Sixteen rotary blades 3 are mounted side by side on the rotary shaft 2 at a position between both wall surfaces 11 and 12, and each rotary blade 3 is arranged with a predetermined angle offset from each other as will be described later. Yes.

  Each rotary blade 3 is formed with a key groove 32 and is fixed so as to rotate integrally with the rotary shaft 2 by a key 33. The apex is formed in a substantially triangular shape in an arc shape, and is cut at each apex portion. A blade 31 is attached. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 3A, a cutting blade insertion hole 34 for inserting the cutting blade 31 is formed closer to the front in the rotational direction than the center of each vertex of the rotating blade 3. . In the cutting blade insertion hole 34, the tip of the inserted cutting blade 31 protrudes from the rotary blade 3, and the cutting edge of the cutting blade 31 is inclined with respect to the rotation direction of the rotary blade 3 as shown in FIG. It is like that. A fixed piece insertion hole 35 is formed in front of each cutting blade insertion hole 34 so as to communicate with the opening side of the cutting blade insertion hole 34. The fixed piece insertion hole 35 has a shape that widens toward the opening side. After the cutting blade 31 is inserted into the cutting blade insertion hole 34, a substantially trapezoidal fixed piece 36 is inserted into the fixed piece insertion hole 35 and the bolt is inserted. By stopping, the cutting blade 31 is fixed to the rotary blade 3. Further, a pressing portion 37 that protrudes in an arc shape toward the outer peripheral side is formed behind each cutting blade 31.

  Furthermore, the opposing blade 4 is attached to the casing 1 at both the left and right positions of the rotary blade 3 via the tip of the cutting blade 31 and a gap. The cutting edge of the counter blade 4 is perpendicular to the rotation direction of the rotary blade 3, and the cutting edge of the cutting blade 31 is inclined with respect to the cutting edge of the counter blade 4 as shown in FIG. 4. Moreover, the upper part of the rotary blade 3 of the casing 1 is opened, and serves as an inlet 13 for feeding crushed material. The insertion port 13 has a shape that expands left and right toward the top.

  Furthermore, a filter 8 is provided below the rotary blade 3 via a tip and a gap of the cutting blade 31. The filter 8 is formed in a semicircular arc shape with innumerable holes formed in a flat plate, and is supported from below by a semicircular arc arm 81. The arm 81 has a left end pivotally supported by the casing 1, a wire 82 is attached to the right end, and the other end of the wire 82 is connected to a handle 83 attached to the frame 15. By rotating the handle 83 and winding up the wire 82, the arm 81 rotates counterclockwise around the left end, and the filter 8 is held in a predetermined position. Then, by rotating the handle reversely and feeding the wire 82, the arm 81 rotates clockwise around the left end and descends, and the filter 8 can be removed. A plurality of types of filters 8 having different hole sizes are prepared and can be easily replaced according to the target fineness of the crushed material.

  A motor 25 is installed on the left side of the casing 1, and a belt 27 is stretched around a drive pulley 26 attached to the motor 25 and a pulley 21 attached to the front end of the rotating shaft 2. Yes. A flywheel 22 is attached to the back end of the rotating shaft 2. Furthermore, a conveyor 9 for conveying the crushed material is installed below the casing 1. Below the filter 8, a flat skirt plate 16 is provided facing the front side and the back side, and a flat skirt rubber 17 is provided facing the left side and the right side. The crushed material that passes through 8 and falls onto the conveyor 9 is guided so as not to be scattered outside. The skirt rubber 17 is attached to the arm 81. When the arm 81 is lowered, the skirt rubber 17 is flexibly deformed and the lower end continues to be positioned on the conveyor 9, and functions as a guide.

  In the crusher configured in this way, the rotary shaft 2 and the rotary blade 3 fixed to the rotary shaft 2 are rotated in conjunction with each other by driving the motor 25. When crushed materials such as waste tires, waste optical fibers, plastic bottles, and waste plastic products containing metal are introduced from the upper inlet 13, the crushed materials are sandwiched between the cutting blade 31 and the counter blade 4 of the rotary blade 3. And crushed. At this time, as shown in FIG. 4, the cutting blade 31 is cut in a push-cut state in which it sequentially passes through the counter blade 4, and there is no great resistance, and it can be smoothly crushed with low noise. Further, the crushed material A cut and crushed by the cutting blade 31 and the counter blade 4 on the upstream side is cut and crushed by the cutting blade 31 and the filter 8 on the downstream side as shown in FIG. It functions in the same manner) and is further crushed and crushed by the pressing portion 37. And the crushed material A which became smaller than the hole 84 of the filter 8 falls on the conveyor 9 through the hole 84, and is conveyed.

  And the arc-shaped cover 5 is attached to the upper part of the rotary blade 3 of both the wall surfaces 11 and 12 via the front-end | tip and clearance gap of the cutting blade 31. As shown in FIG. The cover 5 is fixed to the wall surface 12 with bolts as shown in FIG. 6 (FIG. 6 shows the cover 5 of the rear wall surface 12, but the cover of the front wall surface 11 is the same). Is a substantially right-angled triangle, the upper surface is inclined downward toward the center side, and covers approximately 2/3 of the portion of the rotary blade 3 closest to the wall surface 12 from the upper side. By providing such a cover 5, the portion between the wall surfaces 11, 12 and the rotary blade 3 is covered when viewed from above, and the crushed material is guided to the center side by the cover 5. And biting between the rotary blade 3 and the rotary blade 3 can be prevented.

  A circular disc 6 is attached to the rotary shaft 2 so as to sandwich the rotary blade 3. As shown in FIG. 6 (FIG. 6 shows the rear disk 6 but the front disk is the same), the disk 6 has substantially the same thickness as the single rotary blade 3 and has a circular shape on the outer periphery. An annular sliding contact portion 61 is attached. More specifically, the inner part of the outer periphery of the disk 6 is formed to have a large diameter, and the inner part of the inner periphery of the sliding contact part 61 is similarly formed to have a large diameter, and is in sliding contact with the outer peripheral part of the disk 6. The part 61 is fitted and fixed by a bolt. The disk 6 to which the sliding contact portion 61 is attached is fitted in a circular hole 7 formed in the wall surface 12. More specifically, the inner and outer direction central portion of the outer periphery of the sliding contact portion 61 is formed with a large diameter, and the inner portion of the inner periphery of the circular hole 7 is similarly formed with a large diameter. The sliding contact part 61 (disk 6) is fitted to the part. When the rotary shaft 2 rotates, the outer periphery of the sliding contact portion 61 of the disk 6 is in sliding contact with the inner periphery of the circular hole 7 and functions as a shaft seal. When the sliding contact portion 61 is worn due to sliding contact with the inner periphery of the circular hole 7, only the sliding contact portion 61 needs to be replaced, and the disc 6 can be used as it is. Compared with conventional products that have been replaced, the labor and cost of replacement can be reduced.

  Further, each rotary blade 3 can be attached to the rotary shaft 2 at different angles. This is because the key groove 32 for inserting the key 33 is formed at a different angle in each rotary blade 3. If it does in this way, a level difference will arise between adjacent cutting blades 31, and it can be crushed so that both ends of the portion cut with cutting blade 31 may be broken. And the arrangement pattern of the cutting blade 31 formed by arranging the rotary blades 3 can be changed by changing the order of attaching the rotary blades 3 to the rotary shaft 2. For example, FIG. 7A shows a pattern in which the cutting blades 31 are arranged in a V shape. For convenience, the rotary blades 3 in this case are named a, b,..., P from the front side (left side in FIG. 7). When arranged in this way, the crushed material is collected in the center and is quickly crushed, which is suitable for crushing waste plastics and the like. However, depending on the type of crushed material, the crushing time may be too fast and the material may be discharged without being sufficiently crushed. In such a case, as shown in FIG. 7B, a pattern in which the cutting blades 31 are arranged in a W shape may be used. This pattern is completed by changing the order of the rotary blades 3 to f with respect to the V-shaped pattern shown in FIG. When arranged in this manner, the crushed material is dispersed and stays for a long time, and is crushed more finely, which is suitable for crushing waste tires and waste optical fibers.

  Furthermore, as a second embodiment of the crusher, the opposed blade 4 may be slid in the escape direction (left-right direction) when a load of a predetermined value or more is applied. That is, as shown in FIG. 8 (FIG. 8 shows the right counter blade 4 but the left counter blade is the same), the counter blade 4 is formed with a long hole 41 penetrating vertically and extending in the left-right direction. Further, an engagement piece 42 protruding downward is formed at the base end (the end opposite to the cutting edge). The counter blade 4 is slidably supported from below by a support plate 43, and a step portion 44 that engages with the engagement piece 42 of the counter blade 4 is formed on the support plate 43. The movement to is regulated. The support plate 43 is attached to the casing 1 with a bolt 45, and the bolt 45 passes through the long hole 41 of the counter blade 4. Furthermore, a base plate 46 that is movable in the left-right direction is provided on the base end side of the counter blade 4, and a spring 47 that biases the counter blade 4 toward the blade tip side is inserted between the counter blade 4 and the substrate 46. Has been. The tip of the adjustment screw 48 screwed into the casing 1 is rotatably connected to the substrate 46, and the position of the substrate 46 can be adjusted by rotating the adjustment screw 48. With this configuration, when a large load is applied to the counter blade 4 at the time of crushing, the biasing force of the spring 47 is resisted so that the gap between the counter blade 4 and the cutting blade 31 of the rotary blade 3 is increased. Then, the counter blade 4 slides and the load applied to the counter blade 4 and the cutting blade 31 can be reduced, and damage can be prevented. The biasing force of the spring 47 can be adjusted by rotating the adjusting screw 48.

  The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. The overall configuration of the crusher is an example, and the drive structure of the rotating shaft, the filter mounting structure, and the like may be other structures that are generally employed. Examples of the filter mounting structure include a structure in which an arm is divided at the center and left and right open, an arm drive mechanism using an air cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder, or a member that supports the filter is bolted to the wall surface. Things. Further, only one counter blade may be provided on either the left or right side. Furthermore, the cutting blade may be oriented perpendicular to the rotational direction of the rotary blade, and the opposing blade may be inclined with respect to the rotational direction of the rotary blade. Further, the arrangement pattern of the cutting blades is not limited to the V shape and the W shape, and can be variously changed according to the type of the crushed material.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Casing 2 Rotating shaft 3 Rotating blade 4 Opposing blade 5 Cover 6 Disc 7 Circular hole 11, 12 Wall surface 31 Cutting blade 61 Sliding part

Claims (1)

A casing, a rotating shaft, a plurality of rotating blades, and an opposing blade are provided, the casing is substantially box-shaped, and the rotating shaft is attached to opposing wall surfaces, and the rotating blade is attached to the rotating shaft. It is mounted side by side and has a cutting blade on the outer periphery, and the opposed blade is attached to the casing via a gap and a tip of the cutting blade of the rotary blade,
Each rotary blade can be attached to the rotary shaft at a different angle, and by changing the order in which the rotary blades are arranged, the arrangement pattern of the cutting blades formed by arranging the rotary blades can be changed ,
A circular disc is attached to the rotary shaft with the rotary blade in between. An annular sliding contact portion is fitted on the outer periphery of the disc, and the sliding contact portions are formed on both wall surfaces. A crusher , which is fitted in a circular hole, and wherein the disk and an inner peripheral side portion of the sliding contact portion protrude toward the rotary blade side from the wall surface .

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