JP5712439B2 - 有機高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子及びその製造方法とそれを含む負極及びリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
有機高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子及びその製造方法とそれを含む負極及びリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5712439B2 JP5712439B2 JP2012556989A JP2012556989A JP5712439B2 JP 5712439 B2 JP5712439 B2 JP 5712439B2 JP 2012556989 A JP2012556989 A JP 2012556989A JP 2012556989 A JP2012556989 A JP 2012556989A JP 5712439 B2 JP5712439 B2 JP 5712439B2
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- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims description 91
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 91
- 239000011246 composite particle Substances 0.000 title claims description 65
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 36
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000010558 suspension polymerization method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- JJQZDUKDJDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy(dimethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(C)OC JJQZDUKDJDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YYLGKUPAFFKGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldiethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(C)OCC YYLGKUPAFFKGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)OC BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 12
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 8
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
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- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
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- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002666 PdCl2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150003085 Pdcl gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010556 emulsion polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- CUPFNGOKRMWUOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;difluoride Chemical compound F.F CUPFNGOKRMWUOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H01M4/362—Composites
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- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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Description
また、前記ケイ素微粒子は表面が有機シラン化合物でカップリング処理されることを特徴とする。
前記有機高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子の表面に金属被覆層を形成する第2ステップと、を含む有機高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子の製造方法を提供する。
天然黒鉛や人造黒鉛などの黒鉛と、カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、チャンネルブラック、ファーネスブラック、ランプブラック、サマーブラックなどのカーボンブラックと、炭素繊維や炭素ナノチューブ、金属繊維などの導電性繊維と、酸化チタンなどの導電性金属酸化物と、ポリフェニレン誘導体と、で形成されるグループから選択される1種以上の導電性添加剤が含まれることを特徴とし、
前記第2ステップは、Ni,Au,Ag,Cu,Zn,Cr,Al,Co,Sn,Pt及びPdで形成されるグループから選択される1種以上の金属で単一又は2種の金属被覆層を形成することを特徴とする。
図1は、本発明による有機高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子の断面図である。
本発明による高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子は表面に金属被覆層を含むことを特徴とし、好ましくは無電解めっき法を利用して金属被覆層を形成する。
(1)ケイ素−高分子複合体の製造:
−スチレン60g、ジビニルベンゼン40g、カーボンブラック20g、ケイ素粉末(平均粒径2μm)60g、シクロへキサン100g及びアゾビスイソブチロニトリル1gを混合し、反応混合物を製造した。
−前記合成された高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子5gを100mlの水に分散させた分散液にPdCl22g、HCl20ml、水1000mlの混合液50mlを添加し、常温で5分間反応させた。反応が終了した後、遠心分離を介して粒子を分離した。分離された粒子を更にNiSO45g/1、NaH2PO23g/1、クエン酸ナトリウム4g/1を含むニッケルめっき溶液に80℃、pH=4.5で10分間めっきした後、遠心分離を介してNiがめっきされた高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子を得た。
−前記製造された高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子7.5g、カーボンブラック1g、PVDF1.5gを混合し、NMPを溶媒として添加してスラリを製造した。
−前記実施例において、(2)金属被覆層を形成するステップを省略することを除いては実施例と同じ方法で実施した。
−ケイ素粉末(Aldrich社、325mesh)0.1g、硫酸銅五水和物(CuSO4・5H2O:copper sulfate pentahydrate,Kanto Chem社)0.1025g及びフッ酸(Hydrofluoric acid)3mlを超純水(deionized water)97mlに入れ、常温で15分間攪拌させた。反応が終わった後、ろ過紙(Whatman社、米国)でろ過し、真空オーブンで120℃で12時間乾燥を行い、銅が電着されたケイ素粉末を得た。
(1)電池製造:
−対極をLi金属にし、両電極の間にポリプロピレン/ポリエチレン/ポリプロピレン(PP/PE/PP)で構成された分離膜を挿入した後、1モルのリチウムヘキサフロロホスフェート(LiPF6)が溶解されたエチレンカーボネート/プロピレンカーボネート/ジエチルカーボネート(EC/PC/DEC=30/20/50重量%)の混合溶液である電解液を注入し、coin cellを製造した。
−前記のように製造した電池を0.005〜1.5Vの範囲内で0.5Cの速度で充電及び放電した。
−前記実施例及び各比較例に対する電気伝導度をPowder Resistivity Measurement System(Loresta)で測定し、その結果を図3に示した。
Claims (15)
- 自由空間を有する有機高分子マトリックス及びケイ素微粒子を含む有機高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子であって、
前記自由空間を有する有機高分子マトリックスは、ポリピロール、ポリアニリン又はポリチオフェンのうちから選択されたいずれか一つ以上であり、
前記自由空間を有する有機高分子マトリックス内にケイ素微粒子が分散されており、有機高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子の表面に金属被覆層が形成されていることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池の負極活性物質用有機高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子。 - 前記有機高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子は、導電性繊維及びカーボンブラックを更に含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池の負極活性物質用有機高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子。
- 前記導電性繊維は、カーボンナノチューブ(carbon nano tube)であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のリチウム二次電池の負極活性物質用有機高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子。
- 前記ケイ素微粒子は、表面が有機シラン化合物でカップリング処理されることを特徴とする請求項1から3の何れか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池の負極活性物質用有機高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子。
- 前記有機シラン化合物は、ジメチルジメトキシシラン、ジメチルジエトキシシラン、メチルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリメトキシシラン、フェニルトリメトキシシラン、テトラエトキシシランで形成されるグループから選択されたいずれか一つ以上であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のリチウム二次電池の負極活性物質用有機高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子。
- 前記金属被覆層は、Ni,Au,Ag,Cu,Zn,Cr,Al,Co,Sn,Pt及びPdで形成されるグループから選択される1種以上の金属から形成されることを特徴とする請求項1から5の何れか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池の負極活性物質用有機高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子。
- 前記金属被覆層の厚さは10から300nmであることを特徴とする請求項1から6の何れか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池の負極活性物質用有機高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子。
- 請求項1から請求項7のうちいずれか一項の有機高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子を含むことを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 非晶質炭素又は結晶質炭素を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 請求項8または9に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極を含むことを特徴とするリチウム二次電池。
- 自由空間を有する有機高分子マトリックスを形成する単量体混合物及びケイ素微粒子を混合して重合反応させることで有機高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子を製造する第1ステップと、
前記有機高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子の表面に金属被覆層を形成する第2ステップと、を含むリチウム二次電池の負極活性物質用有機高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子の製造方法であって、
前記自由空間を有する有機高分子マトリックスは、ポリピロール、ポリアニリン又はポリチオフェンのうちから選択されたいずれか一つ以上である製造方法。 - 前記第1ステップは、懸濁重合方法によって重合反応させることを特徴とする請求項11に記載のリチウム二次電池の負極活性物質用有機高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子の製造方法。
- 前記第2ステップは、Ni,Au,Ag,Cu,Zn,Cr,Al,Co,Sn,Pt及びPdで形成されるグループから選択される1種以上の金属で単一又は2種の金属被覆層を形成することを特徴とする請求項11または12に記載のリチウム二次電池の負極活性物質用有機高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子の製造方法。
- 前記第2ステップは、無電解めっき法を利用して金属被覆層を形成することを特徴とする請求項11から13の何れか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池の負極活性物質用有機高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子の製造方法。
- 前記第2ステップは、第1ステップで重合された有機高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子の表面にPd触媒を沈積させた後、金属被覆層を形成することを特徴とする請求項14に記載のリチウム二次電池の負極活性物質用有機高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子の製造方法。
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KR100906550B1 (ko) | 2007-09-07 | 2009-07-07 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 구리가 전착된 실리콘 분말, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를음극으로 사용한 리튬 이차전지 |
JP4883323B2 (ja) | 2008-08-26 | 2012-02-22 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池負極材及びSi−O−Al複合体の製造方法、ならびに非水電解質二次電池負極及び非水電解質二次電池 |
JP5369031B2 (ja) * | 2009-08-11 | 2013-12-18 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 炭素材料、電極材料及びリチウムイオン二次電池負極材料 |
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WO2023163011A1 (ja) | 2022-02-28 | 2023-08-31 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 二次電池用負極活物質および負極ならびに二次電池 |
WO2023163012A1 (ja) | 2022-02-28 | 2023-08-31 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 二次電池用負極活物質、その製造方法、負極ならびに二次電池 |
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EP2546908B1 (en) | 2016-06-15 |
WO2011112042A2 (ko) | 2011-09-15 |
US20120007028A1 (en) | 2012-01-12 |
CN102792498B (zh) | 2015-09-02 |
WO2011112042A3 (ko) | 2012-03-01 |
CN102792498A (zh) | 2012-11-21 |
EP2546908A2 (en) | 2013-01-16 |
US9142859B2 (en) | 2015-09-22 |
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