JP5769082B2 - Cleaning treatment method for radioactive material contaminated soil - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for cleaning radioactive material contaminated soil.

  Conventionally, as a method of separating and removing these harmful substances from soil contaminated with organic compounds, oils and other harmful substances, water is added to the contaminated soil to form a slurry, which is then sent to a floating separator, to which a surfactant is added. A method for floating and separating harmful substances from contaminated soil by adding an alkaline agent is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 1).

  By the way, the thing using the flotation process is known as a purification method of the contaminated soil containing radioactive substances, such as cesium adhering to and adsorbing on the soil particle surface. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, a process of classifying the contaminated soil G0 into a coarse particle part G2, a sand part S1, and a fine particle part S2 by the wet sieving device 11 and the hydrocyclone 12, and obtained by the classification process. Classification was performed by a step of collecting contaminants together with the floss F generated by the scrubber 13 and the flotation device 14 with respect to the sand S1, a step of dehydrating and collecting the washed washed sand S3, and a classification step. The fine particle S2, the froth F obtained by the flotation treatment, and the treatment solution E produced by the dehydration step are charged into the coagulating sedimentation apparatus 16 and separated into concentrated residue T and treated water W. A cleaning process is performed. In this case, in the treatment of a solution containing a radioactive substance, an RO membrane (reverse osmosis membrane) or zeolite adsorbent is introduced, and the eluted substance is adsorbed by the adsorbent.

JP-A-63-72391

However, conventional cleaning methods for radioactive material contaminated soil have the following problems.
That is, in the conventional process, the reduction of the pollutant concentration in the washing soil obtained by the flotation treatment is insufficient, and further reduction of the pollutant concentration has been demanded.
In addition, because the radioactive substance extraction agent is added directly to the contaminated soil before the classification process, a radioactive substance extraction agent corresponding to the amount of soil in all the contaminated soil that is brought in is required, and the amount of input is limited. There was room for improvement in that respect as it increased.
In addition, RO membranes and zeolites are generally used for the treatment of solutions containing radioactive materials, but these adsorbents are expensive and must be discarded in addition to the extracted concentrated residue. Therefore, there was a problem that the amount of waste increased.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and provides a cleaning method for radioactive material-contaminated soil that can reduce the concentration of contaminants and can reduce the processing cost and the amount of waste. The purpose is to do.

  In order to achieve the above object, in the cleaning method for radioactive material contaminated soil according to the present invention, the contaminated soil containing the radioactive material is cleaned, and the radioactive material contaminated soil is separated and removed from the contaminated soil. This is a method in which water is added to contaminated soil, wet sieving classification treatment is performed to separate coarse particles to form slurry-like sand, and the soil is hydrocyclone treated to obtain sand. And a second classifying process for classifying fine particles containing contaminants, a cleaning process for collecting sand using a floss generated by a flotation process, and radioactive substances contained in the cleaning sand in the cleaning process are radioactive Extraction with a solution of the substance extraction drug and further extraction of the radioactive substance obtained by dehydrating the low-concentration washed sand with low concentration, and the fine particles obtained in the second classification process as the adsorbent In addition to removing radioactive substances from the floss in the washing process and the processing solution in the radioactive substance extraction process using fine particles, coagulate sedimentation to separate into precipitated sludge and water, dehydrate the precipitated sludge, and concentrate residue And an adsorption step for separating into treated water.

  Moreover, in the washing | cleaning processing method of the radioactive substance contaminated soil which concerns on this invention, the detachment | leave process which leaves | separates the radioactive substance adhering to the sand content classified by the 2nd classification process by stirring may be provided.

  In the present invention, the radioactive substance concentration in the cleaning sand can be further reduced by performing the radioactive substance extraction process in which the radioactive substance extraction agent is added to the cleaning sand obtained in the cleaning process. That is, in the normal method, the chemical is directly added to the contaminated soil before classification for the extraction of radioactive substances. In the present invention, the chemical is put into the washed sand after washing in the washing step. The amount of drug added can be reduced.

  Also, an adsorption process that uses the fine particles for disposal obtained by hydrocyclone treatment as an adsorbent, and adsorbs the floss generated in the washing process and the treatment solution produced in the radioactive substance extraction process on the fine particles. By providing this, it becomes possible to replace the RO membrane and zeolite used in the past with the fine particles, and the cost for the adsorbent can be reduced. The fine particles used as the adsorbent are discarded, and it is not necessary to add a new adsorbent such as an RO membrane or zeolite as in the prior art, so that the amount of waste can be reduced.

According to the method for cleaning radioactive material-contaminated soil of the present invention, the extraction efficiency can be increased by performing the radioactive material extraction step of adding a chemical to the cleaning sand obtained in the cleaning step, and the concentration of the dye material Can be reduced.
In addition, since the amount of washing sand obtained in the washing step is reduced compared to the amount of soil in the contaminated soil that has been input, the amount of chemical added can be reduced. And it is a method of reusing the fine particle part obtained by the classification process as an adsorbent, and since it is not necessary to add a new adsorbent, the processing cost and the amount of waste can be reduced.

It is a flowchart which shows typically the washing process process of the radioactive material contamination soil by embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the washing process process of the conventional contaminated soil typically.

  Hereinafter, a cleaning method for radioactive material contaminated soil according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the cleaning method for radioactive material-contaminated soil according to the present embodiment relates to a method for cleaning contaminated soil containing radioactive material such as cesium, and separating and removing the radioactive material from the contaminated soil. It is.

  That is, the radioactive substance-contaminated soil washing treatment method includes the first classification step 1 in which water is added to the contaminated soil G0, the wet sieving classification treatment is performed to separate coarse particles, and the slurry-like earth and sand G1 is obtained. A second classification step 2 in which the slurry-like earth and sand G1 is subjected to a hydrocyclone treatment to classify it into a sand content S1 and a fine particle content S2 containing a contaminant, and a radioactive material adhering to the classified sand content S1 Detaching step 3 for detaching the material by agitation, cleaning step 4 for recovering the detachment in the detaching step 3 by floss F generated by the flotation process, and extraction of radioactive material contained in the cleaning sand S3 of the cleaning step 4 Extraction with a chemical solution and further extraction of a radioactive substance in the low-concentration washed sand S4 having a low concentration by dehydration, and the fine particle S2 obtained in the second classification step 2 as an adsorbent The fine particles S2 is used to remove radioactive substances from the froth F in the washing process 4 and the processing solution E in the radioactive substance extraction process 5, and to coagulate and precipitate to separate the precipitated sludge and water. And an adsorption step 6 that separates the concentrated residue T and the treated water W by dehydration.

(First classification step 1)
First, in the first classifying step 1, using a wet sieving device 11, coarse particles G2 are separated from radioactive material-contaminated soil (contaminated soil G0) having a strong adsorptivity to soil such as cesium and the like, and slurry-like earth and sand G1 is obtained. The wet sieving classification process is performed. Here, the wet sieving device 11 sorts foreign matter by vibration sieving, ultrasonic sieving, specific gravity sorting, etc., and classifies it into gravel / coarse sand and lower slurry-like earth and sand. Provided inside. As the wet sieving device 11, a commercially available known device can be used. In addition, the washing | cleaning efficiency of the earth and sand G1 in the washing | cleaning process 4 can be improved by isolate | separating the coarse particle content G2 with the wet sieve apparatus 11. FIG.

(Second classification step 2)
Next, in the second classification step 2, the hydrocyclone 12 is used to classify the soil earth and sand G1 from which the coarse particle content G2 has been removed into a sand content S1 and a fine particle content S2 containing contaminants. The hydrocyclone 12 is composed of, for example, a container having a conical shape at the bottom of the cylinder, and includes an upper inlet for introducing slurry mixed with earth and sand, a lower outlet for taking out underflow, and an upper outlet for taking out overflow. And. The slurry-like earth and sand that has entered from the upper inflow port is rotated at a high speed in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical container, thereby causing a rotational motion, which becomes a rotational flow and proceeds toward the top of the cone. At this time, particles having a high specific gravity in the slurry gather on the peripheral wall due to centrifugal force, gradually move toward the underflow outlet (lower outlet), and are concentrated and discharged. On the other hand, particles having a low specific gravity with the liquid rise as a vortex in the center of the cylindrical container and are discharged from the overflow outlet (upper outlet). A commercially available known device can be used for the hydrocyclone 12. Since the contaminants adhere to and adsorb on the fine particle portion S2, most of the contaminants can be removed from the cleaning soil by classification with the hydrocyclone 12. The number of classification processes is appropriately set, but it is preferably performed once or more.

(Leaving process 3)
Subsequently, in the separation step 3, the radioactive material adhering to the sand S1 classified in the second classification step 2 is mixed using the scrubber 13, and the separation processing is performed by mixing with agitation and washing. The scrubber 13 is provided with a stirring tank and a stirring blade. This scrubber 13 is firmly attached to the surface of the sand and sand by adding a dispersant to the sand and then mechanically mixing and stirring with a stirring blade and rubbing the slurry and sand together. For removing and separating the pollutants. As this scrubber 13, a commercially available known device can be used. In addition, the addition amount of a dispersing agent is arbitrarily set by the abundance of contaminants.

(Washing process 4)
Next, in the cleaning process 4, using the flotation device 14, the floss generated by the flotation process is the detachment substance (cesium) generated by the separation step 3 out of the sand S1 charged from the scrubber 13 into the flotation device 14. While collecting by F, the washing sand S3 is extracted. That is, in the flotation device 14, bubbles are generated, the pollutant in the charged sand S <b> 1 is raised to the liquid level together with the bubbles, and is recovered as floss F together with the bubbles from the liquid level and used in the adsorption step 6. It is sent to the coagulation sedimentation device 16.
In addition, since the cesium collect | recovered by the floss F by a flotation process is a thing about 200 micrometers at the maximum, for example, the cesium of the magnitude | size beyond it is in the state contained in the washing sand S3.

(Radioactive substance extraction process 5)
Next, in the radioactive substance extraction step 5, the radioactive substance contained in the washing sand S3 in the washing step 4 is extracted with a solution of the radioactive substance extraction agent in, for example, an extraction tank (not shown), and the dehydration apparatus 15 is used. Further, the secondary washing sand having a low concentration (low concentration washing sand S4) is dehydrated. Here, as a radioactive substance extraction chemical | medical agent, acidic metals, such as alkali metals, such as a potassium compound, ammonia, or nitric acid, can be used, for example.
The dehydration processing device 15 is a known pressure filtration device (belt filter press) or the like, and includes a filter made of a filter cloth or the like and a press machine. In addition, the process solution E at this time is sent to the coagulation sedimentation apparatus 16 used by the adsorption process 6. FIG.

(Adsorption process 6)
Next, in the adsorption process 6, the froth F from the washing process 4 and the treatment solution E from the radioactive substance extraction process 5 are sent to the coagulation sedimentation apparatus 16, and the fine particle fraction separated by the hydrocyclone 12 from the second classification process 2 is used. S2 is also sent to the coagulation sedimentation apparatus 16. The coagulating sedimentation apparatus 16 separates the clear treated water W by adding and stirring the coagulant to the suspension water containing fine particles to precipitate fine suspended matters in the water as large sedimentation sludge. The coagulation sedimentation device 16 is provided with a press dewatering device 17. The press dewatering device 17 is a known pressure-type filtration device (belt filter press) or the like, and includes a filter made of filter cloth or the like and a press machine.
Then, the fine particle portion S2 is used as an adsorbent, and a radioactive substance (floss F, treatment solution E) is adsorbed and removed on the fine particle portion S2, and coagulated and precipitated to separate into precipitated sludge and water, and press dewatering. The apparatus 17 dehydrates the precipitated sludge and separates it into a concentrated residue T and treated water W.
As the coagulation sedimentation apparatus 16 and the press dewatering apparatus 17, a commercially available known apparatus can be used.

Next, the effect | action of the washing | cleaning processing method of the radioactive substance contaminated soil mentioned above is demonstrated based on drawing.
As shown in FIG. 1, the radioactive substance concentration of the low-concentration washing sand S4 is further reduced by performing the radioactive substance extraction process 5 in which the radioactive substance extraction agent is added to the washing sand obtained in the washing process 4. Is possible. That is, in the normal method, since the chemical is added directly to the contaminated soil before classification for extraction of radioactive substances, the chemical is put into the washing sand S3 after washing in the washing step 4, The amount of drug added can be reduced.

  In addition, the disposal fine particle S2 obtained by the hydrocyclone treatment is used as an adsorbent, and the treatment solution generated in the floss F generated in the cleaning step 4 and the radioactive substance extraction step 5 with respect to this fine particle S2. By providing the adsorption step 6 for adsorbing E, the fine particle portion S2 can be used as a substitute for the RO membrane and zeolite conventionally used, and the cost for the adsorbent can be reduced. And the said fine particle part S2 used as an adsorbent is discarded, and since it is not necessary to add new adsorbents, such as RO membrane and a zeolite conventionally, it can reduce the amount of waste. .

  As described above, in the cleaning method for radioactive material contaminated soil according to the present embodiment, extraction is performed by performing the radioactive substance extraction step 5 in which the radioactive substance extraction agent is added to the cleaning sand S3 obtained in the cleaning step 4. The efficiency can be increased, and the dye concentration can be reduced.

  In addition, since the amount of the cleaning sand S3 obtained in the cleaning step 4 is reduced compared to the amount of soil in the contaminated soil G0 that has been input, the amount of chemical added can be reduced. In addition, the fine particle S2 obtained by the classification process is reused as an adsorbent, and it is not necessary to add a new adsorbent, so that the processing cost and the amount of waste can be reduced.

As mentioned above, although embodiment of the washing processing method of radioactive substance contamination soil by this invention was described, this invention is not limited to said embodiment, It can change suitably in the range which does not deviate from the meaning. .
For example, in the present embodiment, the second classification step 2 is followed by the treatment method having the separation step 3 using the scrubber 13, but the separation step 3 is omitted and the sand content S1 classified in the second classification step 2 is used. May be introduced into the flotation device 14 to perform the radioactive substance extraction step 5.
In addition, it is possible to appropriately replace the components in the above-described embodiments with known components without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 1st classification process 2 2nd classification process 3 Separation process 4 Washing process 5 Radioactive substance extraction process 6 Adsorption process 11 Wet sieving equipment 12 Hydrocyclone 13 Scrubber 14 Flotation equipment 15 Dehydration processing equipment 16 Coagulation sedimentation equipment 17 Press dehydration equipment E Treatment solution F Floss G0 Contaminated soil G1 Sediment G2 Coarse particles S1 Sand content S2 Fine particles S3 Washed sand S4 Low concentration washed sand T Concentrated residue W Treated water

Claims (2)

A method for cleaning radioactive material-contaminated soil that cleans contaminated soil containing radioactive material, and separates and removes the radioactive material from the contaminated soil,
A first classification step of adding water to the contaminated soil, separating the coarse particles by wet sieving classification, and obtaining slurry-like soil;
A second classification step of classifying the earth and sand into a sand and a fine particle containing a pollutant by hydrocyclone treatment;
A washing step of collecting the sand by floss generated by a flotation treatment;
A radioactive substance extraction step in which radioactive substances contained in the washing sand of the washing step are extracted with a solution of a radioactive substance extraction drug, and a low concentration washing sand having a low concentration is obtained by dehydration;
The fine particles obtained in the second classification step are used as an adsorbent, and the fine particles are used to remove radioactive substances from the floss in the washing step and the treatment solution in the radioactive substance extraction step, and to coagulate and precipitate. An adsorption step of separating the precipitated sludge into water and separating the precipitated sludge into a concentrated residue and treated water;
A method for cleaning radioactive material-contaminated soil, comprising: 2. The method for cleaning radioactive material-contaminated soil according to claim 1, further comprising a separation step of separating the radioactive material adhering to the sand component classified in the second classification step by stirring. .

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