JP5699077B2 - 遺伝子組み換えゼラチンを含む腎臓標的ドラッグデリバリー剤 - Google Patents
遺伝子組み換えゼラチンを含む腎臓標的ドラッグデリバリー剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5699077B2 JP5699077B2 JP2011524848A JP2011524848A JP5699077B2 JP 5699077 B2 JP5699077 B2 JP 5699077B2 JP 2011524848 A JP2011524848 A JP 2011524848A JP 2011524848 A JP2011524848 A JP 2011524848A JP 5699077 B2 JP5699077 B2 JP 5699077B2
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- JDOZJEUDSLGTLU-VWUMJDOOSA-N prednisolone phosphate Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 JDOZJEUDSLGTLU-VWUMJDOOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950004597 prednisolone succinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- APGDTXUMTIZLCJ-CGVGKPPMSA-N prednisolone succinate Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)COC(=O)CCC(O)=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 APGDTXUMTIZLCJ-CGVGKPPMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004259 prednisolone tebutate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004618 prednisone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N prednisone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOFKYYWJAOZDPB-FZNHGJLXSA-N prednival Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)CO)(OC(=O)CCCC)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O BOFKYYWJAOZDPB-FZNHGJLXSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
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- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
- A61K47/64—Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent
- A61K47/6435—Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent the peptide or protein in the drug conjugate being a connective tissue peptide, e.g. collagen, fibronectin or gelatin
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Description
好ましくは、ゼラチン様タンパク質が、ゼラチン、コラーゲン、フィブロネクチン、プロネクチン、ビトロネクチン、又はそれらの組み合わせである。
好ましくは、ゼラチン様タンパク質が、コラーゲンの部分アミノ酸配列に由来するアミノ酸配列を有する遺伝子組み換えゼラチンである。
好ましくは、遺伝子組み換えゼラチンが、コラーゲンに特徴的なGly-X-Yで示される配列(X及びYはそれぞれ独立にアミノ酸の何れかを示す)の繰り返しを有し(複数個のGly-X-Yはそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい)、分子量が10 KDa以上90 KDa以下である。
好ましくは、遺伝子組み換えゼラチンが、コラーゲンに特徴的なGly-X-Yで示される配列(X及びYはそれぞれ独立にアミノ酸の何れかを示す)の繰り返しを有し(複数個のGly-X-Yはそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい)、細胞接着シグナルを一分子中に2配列以上含む。
好ましくは、遺伝子組み換えゼラチンのアミノ酸配列が、セリン及びスレオニンを含まない。
好ましくは、遺伝子組み換えゼラチンのアミノ酸配列が、セリン、スレオニン、アスパラギン、チロシン、及びシステインを含まない。
好ましくは、遺伝子組み換えゼラチンのアミノ酸配列が、Asp-Arg-Gly-Aspで示されるアミノ酸配列を含まない。
式:A−[(Gly−X−Y)n]m−B
(式中、Aは任意のアミノ酸又はアミノ酸配列を示し、Bは任意のアミノ酸又はアミノ酸配列を示し、n個のXはそれぞれ独立にアミノ酸の何れかを示し、n個のYはそれぞれ独立にアミノ酸の何れかを示し、nは3〜100の整数を示し、mは2〜10の整数を示す。なお、n個のGly-X-Yはそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。)で示される。
式:Gly-Ala-Pro-[(Gly−X−Y)63]3−Gly
(式中、63個のXはそれぞれ独立にアミノ酸の何れかを示し、63個のYはそれぞれ独立にアミノ酸の何れかを示す。なお、n個のGly-X-Yはそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。)
で示される。
好ましくは、架橋がアルデヒド類、縮合剤、熱架橋、光架橋、又は酵素により施される。
好ましくは、薬剤が抗癌剤、抗炎症剤、感染症治療剤、抗線維化剤又は免疫抑制剤である。
好ましくは、ゼラチン様タンパク質と薬剤とが、直接又はリンカーを介すことにより物理的又は化学的に結合されている。
好ましくは、該結合が、配位結合、共有結合、水素結合、疎水性相互作用、又は物理吸着である。
好ましくは、疾患が、糸球体腎炎、IgA腎症、糖尿病性腎症、膜性腎症、水腎症、造影剤腎症、腎盂腎炎、腎不全、急性腎炎、慢性腎炎、間質性腎炎、腎障害、ネフローゼ症候群、高血圧性腎硬化症、糖尿病性糸球体硬化症、腎結石、アミロイド腎、腎静脈血栓症、Alport症候群、又は腎腫瘍である。
本発明で用いるゼラチン様タンパク質は本発明の効果を奏する限り特に限定されないが、好ましくはゼラチン、コラーゲン、フィブロネクチン、プロネクチン、ビトロネクチンの何れか、又はその組み合わせである。ゼラチン様タンパク質の由来は特に限定されない。ゼラチン様タンパク質は、好ましくはゼラチンであり、特に好ましくは遺伝子組み換えゼラチンである。
また、遺伝子組み換えゼラチンは部分的に加水分解されていてもよい。
好ましくは、遺伝子組み換えゼラチンはプロコラーゲンおよびプロコラーゲンを有さない。
好ましくは、遺伝子組み換えゼラチンはテロペプタイドを有さない。
好ましくは、遺伝子組み換えゼラチンは天然コラーゲンをコードする核酸により調製された実質的に純粋なコラーゲン用材料である。
(1)配列番号1に記載のアミノ酸配列;又は
(2)配列番号1に記載のアミノ酸配列と80%以上(さらに好ましくは90%以上、最も好ましくは95%以上)の相同性を有し、腎臓に集積する作用を有するアミノ酸配列;
を有する遺伝子組換えゼラチンである。
ステロイド系抗炎症剤としては、副腎皮質ステロイド系の抗炎症剤、例えばデキサメタゾン、トリアムシノロナセトニド、べクロメタゾン、ヒドロコルチゾン、メチルプレドニゾロン、プレドニゾロン、プレドニゾン、トリアムシノロンジアセテート、コルチゾン、コルチゾール、パラメタゾン、トリアムシノロン、ジフルコルトロン、ジフルプレドナート、ジフロラゾン、フルメタゾン、フルオシノニド、フルオシノロンアセトニド、アルクロメタゾン、フルドロコルチゾンなど、またはそれらの塩が挙げられる。
CBE3
分子量:51.6kD
構造: GAP[(GXY)63]3G
アミノ酸数:571個
RGD配列:12個
イミノ酸含量:33%
ほぼ100%のアミノ酸がGXYの繰り返し構造である。
CBE3のアミノ酸配列には、セリン、スレオニン、アスパラギン、チロシン及びシステインは含まれていない。
CBE3はERGD配列を有している。
等電点:9.34
GAP(GAPGLQGAPGLQGMPGERGAAGLPGPKGERGDAGPKGADGAPGAPGLQGMPGERGAAGLPGPKGERGDAGPKGADGAPGKDGVRGLAGPIGPPGERGAAGLPGPKGERGDAGPKGADGAPGKDGVRGLAGPIGPPGPAGAPGAPGLQGMPGERGAAGLPGPKGERGDAGPKGADGAPGKDGVRGLAGPP)3G
また、その組成から分かる通り、R-Gelはアミノ酸だけから構成されるポリペプチド・蛋白質であり、生体吸収性の材料である。
R-GelをクロラミンT法により125I標識した。
1mgのR-Gelを1mLのbuffer.A(0.5M リン酸緩衝液, 0.5M NaCl, pH7.5)に溶解させた。内200μLに5μLのNaI / NaOH溶液を添加し、更に100μLの0.2mg/mLクロラミンT / buffer. Aを添加して(クロラミンT:ナカライテスク)、ボルテックスで2分間混合した。その後、100μLの4mg/mL SMS(二亜硫酸ナトリウム)水溶液を添加し、ボルテックスで2分間混合した(混合液B)。
DDYマウス(オス6週令:日本SLC)に、上記で作製した125I-R-Gelを200μL尾静脈投与し、投与後、1時間、3時間、6時間、24時間の組織分布を、各臓器・組織毎のγ線放射能量、及び排泄された尿のγ線放射能量をオートウェルガンマシステム(ARC-380:Aloka社)で測定した。臓器・組織中のγ線放射能量は解剖によって直接に、又、血中γ線放射能量は心採血した200μL中のγ線放射能量から計算により、決定した。
その結果、125I-R-Gelは投与後24時間後でも40%以上が生体内に残存していることが分かった(図2)。一般に低分子は、尿排泄によって体内残存率がとても低いことが知られている。例えばPM Van Hagenらは、『Evaluation of a radiolabelled cyclic DTPA-RGD analogue for tumor imaging and radionuclide therapy. Int. Journal of Cancer 2000;90:186-198』において、低分子である環状RGDペプチド(cyclic-RGDyK)が投与24時間後には、85%以上が尿排泄で回収されており、つまりは体内残存量が15%以下であることを示している。R-Gelが単体でも良い体内滞在性を有していることが分かる。
R-Gel、抗Mac1抗体(Rat Anti-Mouse CD11b/Mac-1、SouthernBiotech社)、及び豚皮膚由来のゼラチン(以後、PSKと呼称する。新田セ゛ラチン社)について、蛍光色素Cy7ラベルを施した物を作製した。
急性腎炎、間質性腎炎、間質性腎障害、腎不全の疾患動物として、片側尿管結紮モデル(以後UUOモデルと記載する)を作製した。動物はマウス(C57BL6、及びDDYマウス、オス、6週令)(日本クレア社、日本SLC)を用いた。UUO処置はネンブタール麻酔下で行い、左腎直下の尿管をニケ所、ナイロン縫合糸で結紮し、結紮したニケ所の間で尿管を切断した。開腹部を縫合し、消毒後に飼育した。これによって、左腎がUUO処置腎臓、右腎は正常な腎臓となる。
UUO処置後の左腎、及び正常な右腎について、経時的に組織切片を作製した。生理食塩水で灌流しながら、腎臓を摘出した。摘出した腎組織は10%ホルマリンでホルマリン固定し、パラフィン包埋後、組織切片を作製した。染色はHE(ヘマトキシリン・エオシン)染色、及びMT(マッソントリクローム)染色を施した。それぞれ染色後の組織切片を図4及び図5に示す。これによって、UUO処置により、左腎で腎炎が生じていることが分かる。また、処置後3日目から明らかな炎症細胞の浸潤が認められた。
UUOモデルにおいて、UUO処置後3日目の個体に対し、(3)で作製したCy7-抗Mac1抗体(200μL)を尾静脈投与した。抗Mac1抗体は、細胞表面に発現しているMac1に対する抗体であり、Mac1は炎症細胞マクロファージの表面に発現していることが知られている。 Cy7-抗Mac1抗体を投与し、24時間経過後にルミノ・イメージアナライザーLAS5000(富士フイルム試作品)で撮像、蛍光シグナルの検出及び測定・画像化を行った。可視光画像と蛍光画像を同時に撮像し、両画像の重ねあわせを行うことで蛍光を発する部位を同定した。蛍光画像の撮像に当たっては、光源に落射IR光源を使用し、フィルタには785nmのバンドパスフィルタを使用した。画像解析・シグナル強度の定量にはソフトウェアMultiGauge(富士フイルム)を使用した。これら光源とフィルタはCy7の蛍光シグナルに適したものである。
IgA腎症、及び糸球体腎炎のモデル動物として、HIGAマウス(日本SLC)を用いた。又、HIGAマウスは通常発症まで25週令程度の時間を要すことが知られているが、本実施例においては、片側の腎臓を摘出することで、自然発症を促進している。HIGAマウスのメスの8週令に対し、片腎摘出の処置を施し、その後、8週(つまり16週令まで)飼育した。片腎摘出の処置は、腎臓摘出の一般的手技に則って実施した。即ち、腎動脈及び腎静脈を結紮した上で腎臓を摘出した。
上記、発症促進した片腎摘16週令HIGAマウス、及び未処置の16週令HIGAマウスについて、腎臓の組織切片を作製した。該組織は十分量の生理食塩水で灌流処置を施した腎組織である。固定は10%ホルマリンでホルマリン固定、パラフィン包埋した後、組織切片を作製した。染色はHE(ヘマトキシリン・エオシン)染色、及びMT(マッソントリクローム)染色を施した。それぞれ染色後の組織切片を図9に示す。組織中の細胞数(炎症により炎症細胞が増加)で炎症・病態の変化を数値化した。結果、糸球体中では、片腎摘16週令群が未処置16週令群よりも有意に高くなり、一方、間質部分では、片腎摘16週令群と未処置16週令群で有意な変化は生じていなかった。これによって、片腎摘を施した群では、糸球体腎炎の発症が促進されていることが分かった。
片腎摘16週令HIGAマウスに対し、上記(3)で作製したCy7-R-Gel(200μL)を尾静脈投与した。 Cy7-R-Gelを投与し、24時間経過後にルミノ・イメージアナライザーLAS5000(富士フイルム試作品)で撮像、蛍光シグナルの検出及び測定・画像化を行った。可視光画像と蛍光画像を同時に撮像し、両画像の重ねあわせを行うことで蛍光を発する部位を同定した。蛍光画像の撮像に当たっては、光源に落射IR光源を使用し、フィルタには785nmのバンドパスフィルタを使用した。画像解析・シグナル強度の定量にはソフトウェアMultiGauge(富士フイルム)を使用した。これら光源とフィルタはCy7の蛍光シグナルに適したものである。
虚血再灌流による急性腎不全のモデル動物として、虚血再灌流モデル(Ischemia-Reperfusionモデル:以後I/Rモデルと記載する)を作製した。用いた動物はC57BL6マウスのオスの6週令。左腎へ繋がる腎動脈及び腎静脈部分を、動脈クレンメによって40分間、血流を止める虚血処置を施した。これによって、左腎でのみ虚血再灌流による腎障害を生じさせることが出来る為、右腎は正常な腎臓、左腎をI/Rによる疾患腎として扱うことが出来る。
上記、I/Rマウスについて、腎臓の組織切片を作製した。該組織は十分量の生理食塩水で灌流処置を施して摘出した腎組織である。固定は10%ホルマリンでホルマリン固定、パラフィン包埋した後、組織切片を作製した。染色はHE(ヘマトキシリン・エオシン)染色、及びMT(マッソントリクローム)染色を施した。染色後の組織切片を図11に示す。組織中の細胞数(炎症により炎症細胞が増加)で炎症・病態の変化を数値化した。結果、糸球体中で、左腎(I/R腎)の数値が右腎(正常、未処置腎)よりも有意に高くなり、I/Rによる腎障害が生じていた(図11)。処置後1日で大きな病態変化が観察された。これによって、I/R処置による虚血再灌流腎障害の疾患モデル作製出来たことを確認した。
I/Rモデルマウスに対し、上記(3)で作製したCy7-R-Gel(200μL)を尾静脈投与した。 Cy7-R-Gelを投与し、24時間経過後にルミノ・イメージアナライザーLAS5000(富士フイルム試作品)で撮像、蛍光シグナルの検出及び測定・画像化を行った。可視光画像と蛍光画像を同時に撮像し、両画像の重ねあわせを行うことで蛍光を発する部位を同定した。蛍光画像の撮像に当たっては、光源に落射IR光源を使用し、フィルタには785nmのバンドパスフィルタを使用した。画像解析・シグナル強度の定量にはソフトウェアMultiGauge(富士フイルム)を使用した。これら光源とフィルタはCy7の蛍光シグナルに適したものである。
従って、本発明のR-Gelで提供される疾患腎臓標的化剤は、虚血再灌流による腎障害を生じた疾患腎臓に対して、正常な腎臓よりも高い集積能を有することが示された。
次に、腎臓の尿細管上皮細胞がR-Gelを取込むかどうか、を細胞取込み試験によって実験を行った。尿細管上皮細胞を用意した。使用した細胞はヒト尿細管上皮細胞であるRPTEC(ヒト近位尿細管上皮細胞:タカラバイオ社)、培地は腎上皮細胞基本培地(無血清)(REBMTM:タカラバイオ社)及び腎上皮細胞培地キット(0.5% FBS)(REGMTM BulletKitTM:タカラバイオ社)を用いた。5×106cells/mLのRPTEC細胞をT-25フラスコ1枚当たり0.125mL添加し、5mLの培地(血清及び増殖因子添加済み)で培養を行い、十分量まで増殖させた。継代時、及び細胞剥離時には、EDTA含有0.25%trypsin溶液を使用した。その後、35mm細胞培養用ディッシュへ細胞を移し、培養したものを以下の実施例に用いている。
in vivo動物においてR-Gelが炎症腎へ集積することを示した。 次に、その集積メカニズム解明の為、R-Gelとマクロファージ(Mφ)(炎症細胞)の相互作用を調べた。
R-GelがMφと相互作用を有するか、Mφにより取込まれるか、を調べるために、in vitroでMφによる取込み実験を行った。Mφとしては、マウス腹腔Mφを使用した。マウス腹腔から採取したMφに対し、Cy2でラベルしたR-Gelを添加し、37℃で3時間インキュベートした後、共焦点レーザー顕微鏡を用いて観察を行った。
Claims (8)
- 配列番号1に記載のアミノ酸配列からなる遺伝子組み換えゼラチンを含む、IgA腎症、糸球体腎炎、または虚血再灌流による腎不全を伴う腎臓を標的とするドラッグデリバリー剤。
- 遺伝子組み換えゼラチンが架橋されている、請求項1に記載の腎臓を標的とするドラッグデリバリー剤。
- 架橋がアルデヒド類、縮合剤、熱架橋、光架橋、又は酵素により施される、請求項2に記載の腎臓を標的とするドラッグデリバリー剤。
- さらに薬剤を含有する、請求項1から3の何れか一項に記載の腎臓を標的とするドラッグデリバリー剤。
- 薬剤が抗癌剤、抗炎症剤、感染症治療剤、抗線維化剤又は免疫抑制剤である、請求項4に記載の腎臓を標的とするドラッグデリバリー剤。
- 遺伝子組み換えゼラチンと薬剤とが、直接又はリンカーを介すことにより物理的又は化学的に結合されている、請求項4又は5に記載の腎臓を標的とするドラッグデリバリー剤。
- 該結合が、配位結合、共有結合、水素結合、疎水性相互作用、又は物理吸着である、請求項6に記載の腎臓を標的とするドラッグデリバリー剤。
- IgA腎症、糸球体腎炎、または虚血再灌流による腎不全を伴う腎臓を標的とするドラッグデリバリー剤の製造のための、配列番号1に記載のアミノ酸配列からなる遺伝子組み換えゼラチンの使用。
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JPN6010054950; Japanese Journal of Cancer Research Vol.79,No.5, 1988, p636-646 * |
JPN6010054953; Pharmaceutical Research Vol.6,No.5, 1989, p422-427 * |
JPN6010054956; 炎症と免疫 Vol.16,No.1, 2008, p115-123 * |
JPN6014002702; Journal of Controlled Release Vol.127,No.2, 2008, p154-161 * |
JPN6014002705; Acta Physiologica Scandinavica Vol.153,No.1, 1995, p51-60 * |
JPN6014002708; Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Vol.39,No.9, 1987, p698-704 * |
JPN6014002710; Nephrology Frontier Vol.6,No.3, 2007, p355-361 * |
JPN6014002712; Diabetes Frontier Vol.11,No.5, 2000, p677-684 * |
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WO2011013791A1 (ja) | 2011-02-03 |
US20120196807A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 |
EP2460540A4 (en) | 2013-01-16 |
EP2460540B1 (en) | 2017-02-15 |
EP2460540A1 (en) | 2012-06-06 |
JPWO2011013791A1 (ja) | 2013-01-10 |
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