JP5651947B2 - Thermoacoustic engine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a double-loop type thermoacoustic engine, and more particularly, to a thermoacoustic engine that can be reduced in size and does not waste energy.

  In order to extract energy from waste heat, research and development of Stirling engines have been actively conducted. Stirling engine types include α type, β type, γ type, and free piston type. On the other hand, in recent years, research and development of thermoacoustic engines that have a simple structure and do not have moving parts composed of pistons and cranks have been actively conducted in the United States and the like.

  The thermoacoustic engine maintains a temperature gradient between the heater and the cooler in the longitudinal direction of the pipe, a heater that exchanges heat with the high-temperature heat source, a cooler that exchanges heat with the low-temperature heat source, and the like. A regenerator is arranged. When the working fluid in the tube is locally heated in one place and cooled in another, a part of the heat energy is converted into acoustic energy, which is mechanical energy, and the working fluid in the tube undergoes self-excited vibration, Acoustic vibration, that is, sound waves are generated in the tube. This action can be seen thermodynamically as a prime mover. A thermoacoustic engine converts energy from heat energy into mechanical energy based on this principle.

  Conversely, thermoacoustic engines can also convert mechanical energy into thermal energy. If a passive machine (refrigerator, cooler) that has the same structure as the prime mover and converts the vibration of the working fluid into heat energy is incorporated in the pipe where the sound waves are generated, a refrigeration system (cooling system) is constructed. .

  The thermoacoustic engine 41 shown in FIG. 4 is a so-called double loop type thermoacoustic engine.

  In this thermoacoustic engine 41, a first loop pipe 43 provided with a prime mover 42 and a second loop pipe 45 provided with a passive machine 44 are connected to each other through a resonance pipe 46 extending in a straight line. . In the prime mover 42 of the first loop pipe 43, heat energy is converted into acoustic energy, and sound waves are generated. Thereby, a standing wave is formed over the working fluid of the entire thermoacoustic engine 41. When sound waves enter the second loop tube 45, acoustic energy is converted into thermal energy in the passive device 44. Therefore, for example, if room temperature is given to the heater of the passive device 44, the cooler can obtain a temperature lower than room temperature, and can perform refrigeration or cooling. It should be noted that the energy of the traveling wave is utilized at the place where the energy of the sound wave is extracted in this way.

Japanese Patent No. 3050543 JP 2007-237020 A

  In the double-loop type thermoacoustic engine 41 as shown in FIG. 4, the working fluid in the resonance tube 46 is dominant and resonance occurs. In other words, the length of the resonance tube 46 determines the frequency of the sound wave regardless of the loop length of the loop tubes 43 and 45. Thereby, sound waves can be generated at a frequency sufficiently lower than the frequency defined by the loop length of the first loop tube 43 or the second loop tube 45. At this time, in order to generate a sound wave having a desired frequency, the resonance tube 46 having a length corresponding to the frequency is required. The length of the resonance tube 46 needs to be three times or more than four times the loop length, and the length of the resonance tube 46 is several meters depending on the frequency.

  As described above, the conventional double-loop type thermoacoustic engine 41 includes the resonance tube 46 that is long in a straight line. For example, it is difficult to install a thermoacoustic engine 41 that requires a long space of several meters in an automobile.

  Further, in the thermoacoustic engine 41, the linearly long resonance tube 46 transports acoustic energy. However, the long resonance tube 46 tends to dissipate acoustic energy. When the acoustic energy is dissipated, the energy that can be extracted by the passive device 44 decreases.

  Further, in the thermoacoustic engine 41, thermal energy is converted into acoustic energy in the prime mover 42 of the first loop pipe 43, and acoustic energy is converted into thermal energy in the passive machine 44 of the second loop pipe 45. By applying this, for example, it is possible to configure a system that performs refrigerating and cooling by reusing waste heat of the engine. However, in this system, when there is no demand for refrigeration or cooling, waste heat is not reused, energy is wasted, and exhaust gas with high temperature is released to the atmosphere.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a thermoacoustic engine that solves the above-described problems, can be miniaturized, and does not waste energy.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a first loop tube in which a prime mover that converts thermal energy into acoustic energy is disposed, a second loop tube in which a passive device that converts acoustic energy into thermal energy is disposed, The first loop pipe and the second loop pipe are disposed between the first loop pipe and the second loop pipe, and a closed space is formed by each of the first loop pipe and the second loop pipe. By connecting the loop tubes to each other and converting acoustic energy and electrical energy to each other , the surplus thermal energy input to the prime mover is used by the function of the generator, and the thermal energy input to the prime mover is insufficient. the includes a linear generator motor to assist the function of the electric motor, wherein the linear generator motor, the a first cylinder connected to the first loop pipe, a first piston that is inserted into the first cylinder A second cylinder connected to the second loop pipe, a second piston inserted into the second cylinder, a housing integrally connecting the first cylinder and the second cylinder, and the housing An attached stator, a vibrator that integrally connects the first piston and the second piston, a support spring that elastically supports the vibrator, and a coil wound around the stator; A magnet attached to the vibrator, the first piston, the second piston, the vibrator, the support spring, the first loop pipe, the working fluid in the first cylinder, and the The working fluid in the second loop tube and the second cylinder vibrates at a predetermined resonance frequency, and the magnetic path passing through the stator changes in accordance with a change in the position of the magnet accompanying the vibration of the vibrator. Magnetic flux intersecting the coil is a thermoacoustic engine generating alternately in opposite directions.

The stator has an inner wall portion separated at an axial center portion facing the magnet, an end surface portion extending radially from both axial ends of the inner wall portion, and an outer wall portion extending between the end surface portions. The coil is housed in a ring-shaped space surrounded by the inner wall portion, the end surface portion, and the outer wall portion, and the vibrator is formed longer in the axial direction than the stator. A cylindrical main body, a protrusion projecting radially outward from both axial end portions of the outer peripheral surface of the main body, and facing the stator through an air gap; and penetrating through the center of the main body A connecting shaft extending on both sides in the axial direction, and the magnet is attached to an axially central portion of the outer peripheral surface of the main body and faces the stator via an air gap, The vibrator is bounded by the axially central portion where the inner wall portion is separated. By vibrating direction, it may flux intersecting the coil is generated in the reverse direction alternately.

  The present invention exhibits the following excellent effects.

  (1) Miniaturization is possible.

  (2) Energy can be wasted.

It is a schematic block diagram of the thermoacoustic engine which shows one Embodiment of this invention. It is the block diagram which showed the direct acting generator motor part of the thermoacoustic engine of FIG. 1 in detail. (A)-(c) is a figure explaining operation | movement of a direct-acting generator motor. It is a schematic block diagram of the conventional double loop type thermoacoustic engine.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a thermoacoustic engine 1 according to the present invention includes a first loop pipe 3 in which a prime mover 2 that converts thermal energy into acoustic energy is disposed, and a passive machine 4 that converts acoustic energy into thermal energy. Are arranged between the first loop pipe 3 and the second loop pipe 5 and a linear motion generator motor 6 that mutually converts acoustic energy and electric energy.

  The first loop tube 3 and the second loop tube 5 are formed into rectangular loops having two long sides and two short sides, for example, by bending a cylindrical tube at a minimum bending diameter at four locations. A hole is formed in the bent portion of the first loop pipe 3 and the second loop pipe 5 which are the rectangular loops, and a first cylinder 7 and a second cylinder 9 (to be described later) made of cylindrical pipes having the same diameter are formed in the holes. 2), the first loop pipe 3 and the first cylinder 7 and the second loop pipe 5 and the second cylinder 9 are connected to each other and closed by the first piston 8 and the second piston 10, respectively. A space is formed and filled with working fluid and sealed. The working fluid is a gas, preferably air, helium, nitrogen, argon or the like.

  The prime mover 2 includes a heater (not shown) that exchanges heat with the high-temperature heat source, a cooler (not shown) that exchanges heat with the low-temperature heat source, and a regeneration (not shown) that maintains a temperature gradient between the heater and the cooler. It consists of a container. Since a heater, a cooler, and a regenerator are well-known ones, a detailed description is omitted. The structure of the passive machine 4 is also the same as that of the prime mover 2 and will not be described in detail.

  As will be described in detail later, the direct acting generator motor 6 is replaced with the resonance tube 46 of the thermoacoustic engine 41 of FIG. 4 and converts the acoustic energy from the first loop tube 3 into electrical energy and takes it out. It has a function of a direct acting generator and a function of a direct acting motor that converts electric energy taken from outside into acoustic energy and sends it to the second loop pipe 5.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the direct acting generator motor 6 includes a first cylinder 7 connected to the first loop pipe 3, a first piston 8 inserted into the first cylinder 7, and a second loop pipe 5. A connected second cylinder 9, a second piston 10 inserted into the second cylinder 9, a housing 11 that integrally couples the first cylinder 7 and the second cylinder 9, and a fixing attached to the housing 11 A child 12, a vibrator 13 that integrally connects the first piston 8 and the second piston 10, a support spring 14 that elastically supports the vibrator 13, a coil 15 that is wound around the stator 12, And a magnet 16 attached to the vibrator 13.

  The first cylinder 7 and the second cylinder 9 are made of cylindrical tubes having the same diameter as the first loop tube 3 and the second loop tube 5 as described above. The first piston 8 and the second piston 10 are configured to reciprocate smoothly and smoothly in the axial direction in the first cylinder 7 and the second cylinder 9. The housing 11 is for integrally connecting the first cylinder 7 and the second cylinder 9 and accommodating the stator 12, the vibrator 13, the support spring 14, and the like. The housing 11 does not need to be filled with a working fluid and does not need to be sealed.

The stator 12 is a so-called outer yoke, and is provided so as to cover the outer periphery of the vibrator 13 that is an inner yoke. The stator 12, the inner wall portion 12a are separated in the axial direction central portion, and 12b, the end face portion 12c extending inner wall portion 12a, the axial ends of 12b in the radial direction, and 12d, end face portion 12c, across inter-12d And an outer wall portion 12e. The coil 15 is accommodated in a ring-shaped space surrounded by the inner wall portions 12a and 12b, the end surface portions 12c and 12d, and the outer wall portion 12e.

  The vibrator 13 has a cylindrical main body portion 13 a that is longer than the stator 12 in the axial direction, and protrudes radially outward from both axial end portions of the outer peripheral surface of the main body portion 13 a. It has a protrusion 13b that faces through an air gap, and a connecting shaft 13c that penetrates the center of the main body 13a and extends on both sides in the axial direction. The connecting shaft 13c integrally connects the first piston 8 and the vibrator 13, and the second piston 10 and the vibrator 13. A magnet 16 is attached to an axially central portion of the outer peripheral surface of the main body portion 13a, and the magnet 16 faces the stator 12 through an air gap.

  The support spring 14 is a so-called spiral ring in which a metal plate is cut out in a spiral shape, and the peripheral portion is fixed to the housing 11 and has a connecting shaft insertion hole in the center portion. The connecting shaft 13 c is inserted into the connecting shaft insertion hole of the support spring 14. The support spring 14 supports the connecting shaft 13 c at the center of the support spring 14, thereby allowing the first piston 8, the vibrator 13, and the second piston 10 to be the central axes of the first cylinder 7, the housing 11, and the second cylinder 9. While holding, an elastic force is generated against axial deformation.

  Hereinafter, the operation of the thermoacoustic engine 1 of the present invention will be described.

  The first piston 8, the vibrator 13 (including the magnet 16), the second piston 10, and the support spring 14 are collectively referred to as a movable part. Let the mass of the movable part be m (kg). The spring constant of the support spring 14 is k1 (N / m). The spring constant of a spring (for example, an air spring) due to the elasticity of the working fluid of the first loop pipe 3 and the first cylinder 7 and the working fluid of the second loop pipe 5 and the second cylinder 9 is k2 (N / m).

  The thermoacoustic engine 1 of the present invention is equivalent to the thermoacoustic engine 41 of FIG. 4 in terms of energy conversion, and can generate sound waves of the same frequency. In the thermoacoustic engine 1 of the present invention, the movable part of the direct acting generator motor 6 can be replaced with the working fluid (air column) in the resonance tube 46 of the thermoacoustic engine 41 of FIG. In the thermoacoustic engine 41 of FIG. 4, the working fluid in the resonance tube 46 is dominant and the sound wave is generated. However, in the thermoacoustic engine 1 of the present invention, it is separated from the movable part of the direct acting generator motor 6 into two parts. When the working fluid vibrates at a predetermined resonance frequency, sound waves are generated.

  The resonance frequency is defined by the equation (1) using the spring constant k1 of the support spring 14, the spring constant k2 of the working fluid, and the mass m of the movable part.

  As a result, sound waves can be generated at the frequency f of the expression (1) sufficiently lower than the frequency defined by the loop length of the first loop tube 3 or the second loop tube 5, and the thermoacoustic engine 41 of FIG. Thus, the same effect can be obtained as when the resonance tube 46 having a length three times or more than the loop length or four times or more is provided.

  Here, the spring constant k2 of the working fluid is uniquely determined by the type of the working fluid and the dimensions of the members on the first loop pipe side and the second loop pipe side. Therefore, a desired resonance frequency can be set by determining the spring constant k1 of the support spring 14 and the mass m of the movable part.

  Thus, in the thermoacoustic engine 1 of the present invention, the working fluid in the resonance tube 46 of the thermoacoustic engine 41 of FIG. The direct acting generator motor 6 may be disposed between the first loop pipe 3 and the second loop pipe 5 in place of the resonance pipe 46, and a significant reduction in size is realized. Since the space necessary for installing the thermoacoustic engine 1 of the present invention is about the total space of the first loop pipe 3, the direct acting generator motor 6, and the second loop pipe 5, for example, the present invention is also applied to an automobile. The thermoacoustic engine 1 can be easily mounted.

  Further, according to the thermoacoustic engine 1 of the present invention, the dissipation of the acoustic energy generated in the long resonance tube 46 of the thermoacoustic engine 41 of FIG. 4 is eliminated, and the reduction of the energy that can be extracted by the passive device 4 is prevented. This means that the temperature difference necessary for oscillation (temperature difference between the heater and the cooler in the prime mover 2) can be reduced. Alternatively, this means that the energy supplied to the prime mover 2 required to extract predetermined energy by the passive device 4 can be reduced.

  Next, power generation and electric operation in the direct acting generator motor 6 will be described.

  FIG. 3B shows a state where the vibrator 13 is located in the middle of the reciprocating motion range due to the vibration of the vibrator 13. At this time, the magnetic path by the magnet 16 forms a short closed magnetic path that passes through the main body portion 13a, the protruding portion 13b, and the inner wall portion 12b (or 12a). Since the magnetic flux generated by the closed magnetic path does not intersect the coil 15, it does not participate in power generation.

  As shown in FIG. 3A, in the state where the vibrator 13 is located at one end of the reciprocating motion range due to the vibration of the vibrator 13, the magnet 16 is located facing the inner wall portion 12b. At this time, the magnetic path by the magnet 16 passes through the main body 13a, the protrusion 13b, the end surface 12c, the outer wall 12e, the end surface 12d, and the inner wall 12b. This closed magnetic path generates a magnetic flux that crosses the coil 15.

  As shown in FIG. 3C, in the state where the vibrator 13 is located at the opposite end of the reciprocating motion range due to the vibration of the vibrator 13, the magnet 16 is located facing the inner wall portion 12a. At this time, the magnetic path by the magnet 16 forms a closed magnetic path that passes through the main body 13a, the protrusion 13b, the end surface 12d, the outer wall 12e, the end surface 12c, and the inner wall 12a. This closed magnetic path generates a magnetic flux that crosses the coil 15. In FIGS. 3A and 3C, the direction of the magnetic flux is opposite.

  As described above, when the vibrator 13 vibrates, the magnetic path passing through the stator 12 changes according to the change in the position of the magnet 16 due to the vibration of the vibrator 13, and the magnetic flux crossing the coil 15 is alternately generated in the opposite direction. Therefore, a large magnetic flux density fluctuation occurs and power generation is performed. On the contrary, when an alternating current is applied to the coil 15, an electric operation in which the vibrator 13 vibrates is performed.

  According to the thermoacoustic engine 1 of the present invention, power is generated by the vibrator 13 of the direct acting generator motor 6 being vibrated by sound waves. That is, heat energy is converted into acoustic energy in the first loop pipe 3 where the prime mover 2 is arranged, and the acoustic energy propagates as sound waves to the second loop pipe 5 where the direct acting generator motor 6 and the passive machine 4 are arranged. Will be. In the direct acting motor 6, acoustic energy is extracted as electric energy. At this time, if a large amount of electric energy is extracted, the thermal energy extracted by the passive device 4 is reduced, and if a small amount of electric energy is extracted, it is extracted by the passive device 4. Thermal energy increases.

  Therefore, for example, if the present invention is applied to a system in which the heater of the prime mover 2 is heated with engine exhaust gas and the cooler of the passive unit 4 is used as a cooling unit for refrigeration or cooling, the demand for refrigeration or cooling is small. Can generate electricity with the direct acting generator motor 6 and the surplus power can be stored in the battery. On the other hand, when the demand for refrigeration or cooling is large, power generation can be suppressed and the cooling capacity of the passive device 4 can be increased. In this way, it is possible to control the trade-off between the power generation amount and the cooling capacity. As a result, the waste heat of the engine is surely reused, and energy is not wasted. Further, exhaust gas that remains at a high temperature is not released to the atmosphere.

  Furthermore, according to the thermoacoustic engine 1 of the present invention, electric energy can be supplied to the direct acting generator motor 6 and converted into acoustic energy. Therefore, when the cooling capacity of the passive machine 4 is insufficient because the thermal energy input to the prime mover 2 is insufficient, the cooling capacity is assisted by using the function of the motor of the direct acting generator motor 6. Is possible.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Thermoacoustic engine 2 Motor | power_engine 3 1st loop pipe 4 Passive machine 5 2nd loop pipe 6 Direct acting generator motor 7 1st cylinder 8 1st piston 9 2nd cylinder 10 2nd piston 11 Housing 12 Stator 13 Vibrator 14 Vibrator 14 Support Spring

Claims (2)

A first loop tube with a prime mover that converts thermal energy into acoustic energy;
A second loop tube in which a passive machine that converts acoustic energy into thermal energy is disposed;
The first loop pipe and the second loop pipe are disposed between the first loop pipe and the second loop pipe, and a closed space is formed by each of the first loop pipe and the second loop pipe. By connecting the loop tubes to each other and converting acoustic energy and electrical energy to each other , the surplus thermal energy input to the prime mover is used by the function of the generator, and the thermal energy input to the prime mover is insufficient. A direct acting generator motor that assists the motor with the function of the motor;
With
The direct acting generator motor is:
A first cylinder connected to the first loop pipe;
A first piston inserted into the first cylinder;
A second cylinder connected to the second loop pipe;
A second piston inserted into the second cylinder;
A housing integrally connecting the first cylinder and the second cylinder;
A stator attached to the housing;
A vibrator integrally connecting the first piston and the second piston;
A support spring that elastically supports the vibrator;
A coil wound around the stator;
A magnet attached to the vibrator;
Consists of
The first piston, the second piston, the vibrator, the support spring, the working fluid in the first loop pipe and the first cylinder, and the working fluid in the second loop pipe and the second cylinder are predetermined. In addition to oscillating at a resonance frequency, a magnetic path passing through the stator is changed in accordance with a change in position of the magnet accompanying vibration of the vibrator, and magnetic fluxes intersecting with the coil are alternately generated in opposite directions. A thermoacoustic engine. The stator is
An inner wall portion separated at an axially central portion facing the magnet;
End surface portions extending in the radial direction from both axial ends of the inner wall portion;
An outer wall extending between the end faces;
Have
The coil is
It is accommodated in a ring-shaped space surrounded by the inner wall part, the end face part and the outer wall part,
The vibrator is
A cylindrical main body formed longer in the axial direction than the stator; and
A protrusion that protrudes radially outward from both axial ends of the outer peripheral surface of the main body and faces the stator via an air gap;
A connecting shaft extending through the center of the main body and extending in the axial direction;
Have
The magnet
It is attached to the axially central portion of the outer peripheral surface of the main body and faces the stator via an air gap,
The magnetic flux which crosses the said coil generate | occur | produces by the reverse direction alternately by the said vibrator | oscillator vibrating in an axial direction on the boundary in the axial direction center part which the said inner wall part isolate | separated. Thermoacoustic engine.

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